94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Brachylaimid and Dicrocoeliid Trematodes of Birds from North Borneo (Malaysia)1 JACOB H. FISCHTHAL AND ROBERT E. KuNTZ2 ABSTRACT: One brachylaimid and 10 dicrocoeliid trematodes of birds are reported from North Borneo (Malaysia). New species described are Brachylaima (Brachylaima) sabahense, Brachydistomiim api, Brachylecithum pycnonoti, B. sabahense, B. vitellobum, and Lyperosomum malaysiae. Briefly described are Brachylecithum attenuatum (Dujardin, 1845) Shtrom, 1940, Lutztrema bhattacharyai (Pande, 1939) Travassos, 1944, and Proacetabidorchis dogieli Belopolskaja and Bykhovskaja-Pavlovskaja, 1953. Also reported are Athesmia heterolecithodes (Braun, 1899) Looss, 1899, and Proacetabiilorchis prashadi Gogate, 1940. The trematodes of this paper are part of a Family Brachylaimidae collection made by the junior author while a Brachylaima (Brachylaima) member of the U. S. Naval Medical Research sabahense sp. n. Unit No. 2, Taipei, Taiwan. Parasites were washed in saline, killed in hot water, and trans- (Figs. 1, 2) ferred immediately to FA A fixative; after 4 HOSTS: Type, Aplonis panayensis (Scopali), to 8 hr they were stored in 70% alcohol plus starling (Passeriformes: Sturnidae); Orthoto- 2% glycerin. Staining was in Mayer's carm- miifi sepium bomeoensis Salvador!, red-headed tailor bird (Passeriformes: Muscicapiclae: Sylvi- alum, and all were mounted in Permount. Host nae); Nyctyornis amictus (Temminck), red- names recorded herein are those listed by bearded bee-eater (Coraciiformes: Meropidae). Kuntz (1969). Host names preceded by an HABITAT: Small intestine. asterisk ('::") represent new host records. Speci- LOCALITIES: Kasiqui, Petergas. mens of each trematode species reported have DATES: 3, 16 September 1960. been deposited in the U. S. National Museum SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: No. 72713 (holo- Helminthological Collection as noted. All type, from Aplonis); No. 72714 (paratypes, measurements are in microns. Orthotomus); No. 72715 (paratype, Nycty- ornis). DIAGNOSIS (based on nine adult worms: one 1 Contribution from the Department of Biological Sci- ences, State University of New York at Binshamton, Bing- in ventral view from Aplonis, one from Nycty- hamton, New York 13901 (J. H. Fischthal). This study supported in part by a Faculty Research Fellowship (No. ornis and seven from Orthotomus in lateral 0826-01-040-70) awarded by The Research Foundation view; measurements of one from each host spe- of State University of New York to the senior author. -Address of R. E. Kuntz: Department of Parasitology, cies are length by width by depth): Body Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, P.O. elongate, gonadal region narrower than re- Box 28147, San Antonio, Texas 78284. Initial work for this study was supported by funding under Public Law 480, mainder of body, widest at acetabular level, Section 104 (c), by funds provided by the U. S. Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department Work Unit MR extremities rounded, 955-1,970 by 360 by 005.20-0098, and by Contract No. NR 103-690/N0014-66- 445-520, tegument spined dorsally to level be- C0094 between the U. S. Office of Naval Research, De- partment of the Navy, and the Southwest Foundation for tween pharynx and acetabulum in extended Research and Education. The authors are indebted to Dr. John Clapham, Director worms and ventrally to latter or slightly more of Medical Services for North Borneo, for general support in posteriorly. Forebody 255-550 long; hindbody field studies; Mr. Henry Holland, Director, Kapayan Veteri- nary Station, Jesselton, who provided laboratory facilities 550-1,240 long; forebody-hindbody length for the NAMRU field group; Mr. G. L. Carson, Conservator of Forests, Sandakan, who provided permits for collections ratio 1:1.67-2.25. Oral sucker ventral, longi- of vertebrates; and to the following for assistance in col- lection and examination of birds: Dr. Chintsong Lo, Dr. tudinally elongate, with narrow longitudinal Chang-sheng Tseng, Liang-hsiung Chen, Shih-shun Chen, Chiu-kuei Hung, Te-yi Chang, and Kuo-hwa Cheng. aperture, 170-210 by 153 by 186-205; preoral Appreciation is also due Mr. Dien Suh Ming, Taiwan Mu- space 22-55 long. Acetabulum round, ISO- seum, Taipei, and Dr. George E. Watson, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C., for classification of birds. ISO by 150 by 162-174. Sucker length ratio Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 41, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1974 95 1:0.79-0.88, width ratio 1:0.98, depth ratio 1901) Dollfus, 1935 (Brazil); B. columbae 1:0.85-0.87. Prepharynx present, usually not (Mazzanti, 1889) Dollfus, 1934 (Italy); B. discernible, 24 long in one worm in lateral degiustii Nasir and Rodriguez, 1966 (Vene- view; pharynx 90-145 by 115 by 126-140; zuela); B. marsupium (Braun, 1901) Dollfus, esophagus very short, obscured by eggs; ceca 1935 (Brazil); B. mazzantii (Travassos, 1927) narrow, cell-lined, terminating just posttestic- Dollfus, 1935 (Brazil, Panama, Kirgiz SSR); ular near posterior extremity. B. syrmatici (Yamaguti, 1935) Yamaguti, 1939 Testes two, diagonal, smooth, separated or (Japan); B. lisa Chatterji, 1956 (India). All contiguous; anterior testis usually dextral, oc- these species differ from ours in being larger casionally sinistral, overlapping cecum, 153— and the uterine coils not extending prececally. 345 by 148 by 242-262, lying 148-320 post- B. centrodes differs further in having the acetabular; posterior testis median, embraced acetabulum more posteriorly situated and a by ceca, smaller to larger than anterior testis, spined cirrus; B. columbae in the acetabulum 126-320 by 125 by 203-242; posttesticular being much smaller than the oral sucker and space 65-215 long. External seminal vesicle the vitellaria commencing just preacetabular; coiled anterior to anterior testis, partly covered B. degiustii in being spined to at least the by uterine coils, tubular. Pars prostatica short, posterior testis level, and having a round oral surrounded by few prostate cells. Cirrus sac sucker aperture, a very long hinclbocly, and muscular, 104-195 by 73 by 48-109, lying tandem gonads; B. marsupium in having a mus- median to anterior half of anterior testis to cular pad just anterior to the longitudinally being entirely pretesticular, containing muscu- oval oral sucker aperture; B. mazzantii in lar, winding, unspined cirrus. Genital pore having a transversely oval oral sucker aperture, ventral to cirrus sac. a very long hindbody, tandem testes, and a Ovary smooth, dorsomedian, in tandem or rudimentary cirrus sac; B. syrmatici in having nearly so with posterior testis, smaller than an unspined tegument and a nearly equatorial testes, 102-208 by 115 by 135-153, over- acetabulum; and B. tisa in having an lapping testes dorsally. Mehlis' gland well de- unspined tegument and a rudimentary (?) veloped, ventral to ovary. Vitelline follicles cirrus sac, and the vitellaria commencing just extending from oral sucker, pharyngeal or just preacetabular. postpharyngeal level to anterior half of an- terior testis, lying dorsal, lateral, and ventral to Family Dicrocoeliidae ceca, few follicles invading slightly intercecal Athesmia heterolecithodes (Braun, 1899) space. Vitelline ducts descending postero- Looss, 1899 medianly from posterior end of each vitelline field, uniting ventral to ovary to form reservoir. HOST: *Amaurornis phoenicurus javaniciis Uterine coils mainly pretesticular, filling inter- (Horsfield), water hen (Gruiformes: Ralliclae). cecal space, overlapping ceca, filling prececal HABITAT: Liver. space to level of oral sucker, some coils lying LOCALITIES: Inanam, Ranau. dorsal to latter. Metraterm thick-walled, DATES: 1, 24 September 1960. muscular, surrounded by gland cells, entering SPECIMENS DEPOSITED: No. 72716. genital atrium near cirrus opening. Eggs nu- Discussion merous, yellow-brown, operculate, 15 measur- ing 23-30 (25.1) by 15-18 (16.3). Fragments of one worm from one host and Excretory bladder short, saccular, entirely two from another were in our collection. posttesticular; pore subterminal ventral. Hammond (1972) presented an historical re- view of the genus, noting the great variation Discussion occurring in individuals from different host Six of the specimens from the tailor bird species, from different individuals of the same were too contracted for adequate measure- host species, and even in a population from ments. Our new species is closest to those the same host individual. The single worm from species of the subgenus from birds listed by Inanam had smooth, elongate oval testes as in Yamaguti (1971) with the vitellaria extend- A. pricei Mclntosh, 1937, and A. kassinwvi ing into the forebody: B. centrodes (Braun, Feizullaev, 1961; the ovary is slightly lobed Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington OF WASHINGTON, VOLUME 41, NUMBER 1, JANUARY 1974 97 as in the former species rather than smooth closer to pharynx than acetabulum; posterior as in the latter; the ovary is smaller than either extent of ceea obscured by eggs. testis as in the latter species rather than Testes two, smooth, tandem or oblique with larger as in the former. The two worms from anterior testis dextral or sinistral to posterior Ranau have lobed gonads with the ovary larger one, contiguous or nearly so, margins usually than either testis as in A. pricei. Both A. pricei obscured by eggs; anterior testis overlapping and A. kassimovi