THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR YANGON CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE (YCDC) PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN YANGON CITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR VOLUME VI SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM MASTER PLAN < Advance Version > MARCH 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY TEC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. NJS CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. TOKYO SUIDO SERVICES CO., LTD. GE TOYO ENGINEERING CORPORATION JR（先） 14-083 THE PROJECT FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM IN YANGON CITY FINAL REPORT MARCH 2014 GENERAL LIST OF REPORTS VOLUME I: WATER VISION OF YANGON CITY VOLUME II: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM SUMMARY VOLUME III: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM MASTER PLAN VOLUME IV: WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FEASIBILITY STUDY VOLUME V: SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM SUMMARY VOLUME VI: SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM MASTER PLAN VOLUME VII: SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM FEASIBILITY STUDY The Project for the Improvement of Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage System in Yangon City Vol VI Sewerage and Drainage System Master Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Study ................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................................1-2 1.3 Counterpart Organization ...............................................................................................1-2 1.4 Study Area ......................................................................................................................1-2 1.5 Target Year .....................................................................................................................1-3 1.6 Study Schedule ...............................................................................................................1-3 CHAPTER 2. OUTLINE OF THE STUDY AREA ....................................................... 2-1 2.1 Socio-Economic Condition ............................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Administrative Organization and Boundary of the Study Area ......................................2-1 2.1.2 Present Land Use ............................................................................................................2-1 2.1.3 Population ......................................................................................................................2-5 2.1.4 Economy ........................................................................................................................2-8 2.1.5 Health Status ................................................................................................................2-10 2.2 Natural Condition......................................................................................................... 2-11 2.2.1 Topography................................................................................................................... 2-11 2.2.2 Geology ........................................................................................................................2-13 2.2.3 Meteorology .................................................................................................................2-13 2.2.4 Hydrology ....................................................................................................................2-15 2.3 Administrative Organization on Water, Sewerage and Drainage .................................2-19 2.3.1 Yangon Region .............................................................................................................2-19 2.3.2 Yangon City Development Committee ........................................................................2-20 2.3.3 Related Organizations ..................................................................................................2-24 2.4 Legal System on Water, Sewerage and Drainage .........................................................2-25 2.4.1 Legal System in Myanmar ...........................................................................................2-25 2.4.2 Laws Related to Water and Sewerage in the City of Yangon .......................................2-26 2.4.3 Comparison of Legal and Institutional System between Myanmar and Japan.............2-29 2.4.4 Public Private Participation (PPP) and Private Finance Initiative (PFI) Related Laws .............................................................................................................................2-32 2.5 Budgetary System for Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage ....................................2-34 2.5.1 Budgetary Situation on Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage...................................2-34 2.5.2 Budgetary Situation of the Regional Government .......................................................2-34 2.5.3 Budgetary Situation of the Regional Government .......................................................2-35 2.6 Existing Environmental Framework ............................................................................2-35 i The Project for the Improvement of Water Supply, Sewerage and Drainage System in Yangon City Vol VI Sewerage and Drainage System Master Plan 2.6.1 Policy, Laws and Regulations Related to Environmental and Social Considerations..............................................................................................................2-35 2.6.2 Administrative Framework on Environmental and Social Considerations ..................2-39 2.6.3 Process of Environmental and Social Considerations ..................................................2-41 2.6.4 International Commitments ..........................................................................................2-43 2.6.5 Environmental Quality .................................................................................................2-44 2.6.6 Environmental and Social Considerations for the Project ............................................2-44 CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF CURRENT SITUATION .............................................. 3-1 3.1 Current Wastewater Treatment .......................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Type of Wastewater Treatment .......................................................................................3-1 3.1.2 Results of Household Interview Survey .........................................................................3-2 3.2 Current Status of On-site System ...................................................................................3-4 3.2.1 Structure and Permission of Installation of Septic Tank ................................................3-4 3.2.2 Maintenance of Septic Tanks .......................................................................................3-10 3.3 Sewerage System .........................................................................................................3-12 3.3.1 Ejector System .............................................................................................................3-12 3.3.2 Wastewater Treatment Plant .........................................................................................3-15 3.4 Industrial Wastewater ...................................................................................................3-19 3.4.1 Management of Department of Pollution Control and Cleansing ................................3-19 3.4.2 Industrial Wastewater Management for Mingaladon Industrial Park ...........................3-20 3.5 Water Quality Management .........................................................................................3-23 3.5.1 Existing Water Quality Management System ...............................................................3-23 3.5.2 Water Quality Investigation in This Study ...................................................................3-24 3.5.3 Summary of Water Quality Investigation .....................................................................3-28 3.6 Water Quality of Public Water Body ............................................................................3-29 3.6.1 Water Quality of Public Water Body ............................................................................3-29 3.6.2 Water Quality of Kandawgyi Lake ...............................................................................3-31 3.7 Current Conditions of Finance in Sewerage Service ...................................................3-35 3.8 Relevant Sewerage Development Plan ........................................................................3-37 3.9 Issues Related to Wastewater Treatment and Disposal ................................................3-39 3.9.1 Technical Aspects .........................................................................................................3-39 3.9.2 Organizational and Institutional Aspects ......................................................................3-40 3.9.3 Financial Aspect, Possibility of Application of PPP ....................................................3-45 CHAPTER 4. CURRENT STATUS OF DRAINAGE ................................................... 4-1 4.1 Natural Environment Related to Drainage .....................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Rainfall ...........................................................................................................................4-1