Violence Against Children with Disabilities

Violence Against Children with Disabilities

EQUALITY FRA Violence against children with disabilities: legislation, policies and programmes in the EU with disabilities: policies and programmes legislation, children against Violence Violence against children with disabilities: legislation, policies and programmes in the EU This report addresses matters relating to the right to integrity of the person (Article 3), the rights of the child (Article 24), and the integration of persons with disabilities (Article 26), falling under the Titles I ‘Dignity’ and III ‘Equality’ of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). Photo (cover & inside): © Shutterstock More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). FRA – European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Schwarzenbergplatz 11 – 1040 Vienna – Austria Tel. +43 158030-0 – Fax +43 158030-699 fra.europa.eu – [email protected] Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 Paper: 978-92-9239-942-9 10.2811/932051 TK-04-15-511-EN-C PDF: 978-92-9239-941-2 10.2811/985117 TK-04-15-511-EN-N © European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2015 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy Printed on process chlorine-free recycled paper (PCF) Violence against children with disabilities: legislation, policies and programmes in the EU Foreword International, European and national law all recognise the right to protection from all forms of violence, which applies to all children, including those with disabilities. Nonetheless, girls and boys with disabilities are more likely than their peers to experience violence, sexual abuse and bullying in schools, at home and in institutions across the European Union; they also often face violence linked to their disability. This report scrutinises the important but under-reported issue of violence against children with disabilities. Comple- menting other research carried out by FRA – on the rights of persons with disabilities, rights of the child, hate crime, victims of crime and multiple discrimination – it aims to raise awareness of the diverse challenges faced by children with disabilities. After outlining relevant international and European standards, the report reviews national legislation and policies addressing violence against children with disabilities. In addition, the report explores the extent and different causes, settings and forms of such violence. To encourage European Union (EU) Member States to share experiences and practices, the report also presents examples of promising practices and includes a concluding chapter outlining pro- tective measures and initiatives adopted in various countries. EU Member States have shown their commitment to the rights of children with disabilities in various ways. All of them have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and almost all have ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The EU itself is signatory to the CRPD, sending a strong message about the issue’s importance. In its recently adopted Concluding Observations on the EU’s implementation efforts, the CRPD Commit- tee recognised the EU’s commitment, but also voiced some criticism and specified recommendations for improve- ment, noting that children with disabilities still face abuse and exploitation, are often excluded from society, and lack access to mainstream education. By presenting the current legal and policy landscape, shedding light on the extent and diverse aspects of the prob- lem, and identifying remaining hurdles as well as possible solutions, FRA hopes to support future EU and Member State efforts to confront these lingering challenges. Constantinos Manolopoulos Director a. i. 3 Acronyms CAT Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CoE Council of Europe CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities DPO Disabled Persons’ Organisation ECHR European Convention on Human Rights (Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) ECtHR European Court of Human Rights EHIS European Health Interview Survey EHSIS European Health and Social Integration Survey ENIL European Network for Independent Living ESF European Social Fund ESIF European Structural and Investment funds EU European Union EU‑SILC EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions FRA European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights NGO Non-governmental organisation NHRB National human rights body OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OP Operational Programme PA Partnership Agreement UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund 4 Contents FOREWORD ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 3 ACRONYMS ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND FRA OPINIONS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 INTRODUCTION ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 1 INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 1.1. United Nations ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 1.2. Council of Europe ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 1.3. European Union ........................................................................................................................................................ 30 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 34 2 NATIONAL LEGAL AND POLICY PROVISIONS ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 2.1. Legislation ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 35 2.2. Policies ........................................................................................................................................................................ 41 2.3. Challenges to implementing national law and policies ...................................................................................... 45 2.4. Data collection mechanisms on violence against children with disabilities ................................................... 48 2.5. Participation of children with disabilities and their organisations ................................................................... 52 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 54 3 EXTENT, CAUSES AND SETTINGS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES ���������������������������������������� 55 3.1. Extent of violence .................................................................................................................................................... 55 3.2. Causes of violence against children with disabilities ......................................................................................... 59 3.3. Settings and forms of violence against children with disabilities �������������������������������������������������������������������� 65 3.4. Intersection with other characteristics and multiple layers of risk .................................................................. 79 Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................................... 84 4 MEASURES AND INITIATIVES FOR PREVENTING VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES �������������������� 85 4.1. Measures targeting all stakeholders ..................................................................................................................... 86 4.2. Measures targeting children with disabilities ...................................................................................................... 88 4.3. Measures targeting families and communities ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 92 4.4. Measures targeting professionals and institutions ............................................................................................. 93 4.5. Multiagency cooperation ........................................................................................................................................ 98 4.6. Support

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