Automated Analysis of Software Product Lines with Orthogonal Variability Models Extending the FaMa Ecosystem Fabricia Carneiro Roos Frantz Advisors: Dr. David Benavides Cuevas Dr. Antonio Ruiz Cortés European Doctoral Dissertation AUTOMATED ANALYSIS OF SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINES WITH ORTHOGONAL VARIABILITY MODELS ### EXTENDING THE FAMA ECOSYSTEM FABRICIA CARNEIRO ROOS FRANTZ UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE EUROPEAN DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUPERVISED BY DR.DAVID BENAVIDES CUEVAS AND DR.ANTONIO RUIZ CORTÉS DECEMBER, 2011 First published in December 2011 by The Department of Computer Languages and Systems ETSI Informática Avda. de la Reina Mercedes s/n Sevilla, 41012. SPAIN Copyright ⃝c MMXI Fabricia Carneiro Roos Frantz http://www.isa.us.es/fabricia.roos [email protected] In keeping with the traditional purpose of furthering science, education and research, it is the policy of the publisher, whenever possible, to permit non-commercial use and redistribution of the information contained in the documents whose copyright they own. You however are not allowed to take money for the distribution or use of these results except for a nominal charge for photocopying, sending copies, or whichever means you use redistribute them. The results in this document have been tested care- fully, but they are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The publisher or the holder of the copyright do not offer any warranties or representations, nor do they accept any liabilities with respect to them. Classification (ACM 1998): D.2.13 [Software Engineering]: Reusable Software: Domain Engineering; D.2.4 [Software Engineering]: Software/Program Verification; D.2.9 [Software Engineering]: Management: Software quality assurance. Support: PhD scholarship has been granted by the Evangelischer Entwicklungsdi- enst e.V. (EED). Additional support for research visit granted by the Andalusian Gov- ernment, and for attending conferences by the European Commission (FEDER) and Spanish Government under CICYT projects Web-Factories (TIN2006-00472) and SETI (TIN2009-07366), by the Andalusian Government under projects ISABEL (TIC-2533) and THEOS (TIC-5906), and by Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst e.V. (EED). Don David Benavides Cuevas y Don Antonio Ruiz Cortés, profesores Tit- ulares del Área de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos de la Universidad de Sevilla, HACEN CONSTAR que Doña Fabricia Carneiro Roos Frantz, Mestre en Ciencias de la Com- putación por la Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, ha realizado bajo nuestra supervisión el trabajo de investigación titulado Automated Analysis of Software Product Lines with Orthogonal Variability Models. Extending the FaMa Ecosystem Una vez revisado, autorizamos el comienzo de los trámites para su pre- sentación como Tesis Doctoral al tribunal que ha de juzgarlo. Fdo. Dr. David Benavides Cuevas y Dr. Antonio Ruiz Cortés Área de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Diciembre de 2011 Yo, Fabricia Carneiro Roos Frantz, con NIE número X8406986-A, DECLARO Ser la autora del trabajo que se presenta en la memoria de esta tesis doctoral que tiene por título: Automated Analysis of Software Product Lines with Orthogonal Variability Models. Extending the FaMa Ecosystem Lo cual firmo en Sevilla, Diciembre de 2011. Fdo. Fabricia Carneiro Roos Frantz In addition to the committee in charge of evaluating this dissertation and the two supervisors of the thesis, it has been reviewed by the following re- searchers: • Dr. Benoit Baudry (INRIA, France) • Dr. Rick Rabiser (Johannes Kepler University, Austria) • Dr. Maurice H. ter Beek (Institute of Information Science and Technolo- gies of the Italian National Research Council, Italy) • Dr. Jaejoon Lee (Lancaster University, UK) University of Seville The committee in charge of evaluating the dissertation presented by Fabri- cia Carneiro Roos Frantz in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Software Engineering, hereby recom- mends of this dissertation and awards the au- thor the grade . D. Miguel Toro Bonilla Catedrático de Universidad Univ. de Sevilla Dña. Coral Calero Dña. Lidia Fuentes Catedrática de Universidad Catedrática de Universidad Univ. de Castilla-La Mancha Univ. de Málaga D. Juan Garbajosa D. Roberto Lopez Herrejon Catedrático de Escuela Universitária Senior Researcher Univ. Politécnica de Madrid Johannes Kepler University To put record where necessary, we sign minutes in , . To Rafa. To my family. Contents Acknowledgements . xi Abstract . xiii Resumen . xv Resumo . xvii Abstrakt . xix I Preface 1 Introduction . 3 1.1 Research context . 4 1.1.1 Software product lines . 4 1.1.2 Variability models . 6 1.1.3 Automated analysis of variability models . 8 1.1.4 Automated analysis of attribute-aware variability models . 9 1.2 Contributions . 10 1.2.1 Summary of contributions . 12 1.2.2 Developed tool . 14 1.2.3 Potential benefits . 15 1.3 Research visits and collaborations . 17 1.4 Structure of this dissertation . 18 i ii Contents II Background Information 2 Variability Models . 23 2.1 Introduction . 24 2.2 Feature models . 24 2.2.1 Basic feature models . 25 2.2.2 Cardinality-based feature models . 26 2.2.3 Extended feature models . 28 2.3 Orthogonal variability models . 29 2.4 Summary . 33 3 Automated Analysis of Feature Models . 35 3.1 Introduction . 36 3.2 Analysis operations on feature models . 37 3.2.1 Input and output parameters . 38 3.2.2 Operations overview . 39 3.3 Automated support for the analysis of feature models . 42 3.3.1 Constraint programming . 43 3.3.2 Propositional logic . 45 3.4 Automated analysis of feature models with abstract features . 48 3.5 Summary . 49 III Our Contribution 4 Motivation . 53 4.1 Introduction . 54 4.2 Problems . 56 4.3 Analysis of current solutions . 58 4.3.1 Modelling Concepts . 58 4.3.2 Automated analysis of OVMs . 60 4.3.3 Interoperability between OVM and feature model tools . 62 4.4 Discussion . 63 4.5 Summary . 66 5 Automated Analysis of OVMs . 67 Contents iii 5.1 Introduction . 68 5.2 Dealing with abstract elements . 68 5.3 Mapping OVM into Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) . 71 5.3.1 Full mapping . 71 5.3.2 Selective mapping . 73 5.4 Analysis operations for the full mapping . 79 5.4.1 Variations . 82 5.4.2 Number of variations . 83 5.4.3 Filter . 83 5.4.4 Void OVM . 84 5.4.5 Valid configuration . 85 5.4.6 Valid variation . 86 5.4.7 Dead elements . 87 5.4.8 False optional elements . 87 5.4.9 Commonality degree . 88 5.4.10 Refactoring . 89 5.5 Analysis operations for the selective mapping . 90 5.5.1 Number of variations and all variations . 90 5.5.2 Void OVM . 91 5.5.3 Dead and false optional . 92 5.5.4 Commonality degree . 93 5.5.5 Refactoring . 95 5.6 Summary . 96 6 Automated Analysis of Attribute-aware OVMs . 97 6.1 Introduction . 98 6.2 Attribute-aware OVM . 98 6.3 Attribute-based Model . 102 6.3.1 Attributes . 103 6.3.2 Domain constraints . 106 6.4 The automated analysis process . 108 6.5 Mapping Attribute-aware OVM into CSP . 110 6.6 Analysis operations on Attribute-aware OVMs . 113 6.6.1 Operations for detecting anomalies . 113 6.6.2 Valid attribute condition . 114 6.6.3 Optimal variation . 117 iv Contents 6.7 Summary.