Kathrin Braun Biopolitics and Historic Justice Political Science | Volume 66 This open access publication has been enabled by the support of POLLUX (Fachinforma- tionsdienst Politikwissenschaft) and a collaborative network of academic libraries for the promotion of the Open Access transformation in the Social Sciences and Humanities (transcript Open Library Politik- wissenschaft 2021). This publication is compliant with the “Recommendations on quality standards for the open access provision of books”, Nationaler Open Access Kontaktpunkt 2018 (https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2932189) Hauptsponsor: Staats- und Universitätsbi- tätsbibliothek | Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz bliothek Bremen (POLLUX – Informations- Bibliothek - Niedersächsische Landesbiblio- dienst Politikwissenschaft) thek | Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg | Vollsponsoren: Universitätsbibliothek Universitätsbibliothek Kassel | Universitäts- Bayreuth | Universitätsbibliothek der bibliothek Kiel (CAU) | Universitätsbiblio- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin | Freie thek Koblenz · Landau | Universitäts- und Universität Berlin - Universitätsbibliothek Stadtbibliothek Köln | Universitätsbiblio- | Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin | Universitäts- thek Leipzig | Zentral- und Hochschul- bibliothek Bielefeld | Universitätsbiblio- bibliothek Luzern | Universitätsbibliothek thek der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB) | Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn | | Universitätsbibliothek Marburg | Max Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek | Universi- Planck Digital Library (MPDL) | Univer- tätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität sitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster | Chemnitz | Universitäts- und Landesbiblio- Universitätsbibliothek der Carl von Ossietz- thek Darmstadt | Sächsische Landesbiblio- ky-Universität, Oldenburg | Universitätsbi- thek Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek bliothek Osnabrück | Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) | Universitätsbibliothek Passau | Universitätsbibliothek St. Gallen Duisburg-Essen | Universitäts- und Landes- | Universitätsbibliothek Vechta | Universi- bibliothek Düsseldorf | Universitätsbiblio- tätsbibliothek Wien | Universitätsbibliothek thek Erlangen-Nürnberg | Universitäts- Wuppertal | Zentralbibliothek Zürich bibliothek Frankfurt/M. | Niedersächsische Sponsoring Light: Bundesministerium der Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttin- Verteidigung | Landesbibliothek Oldenburg gen | Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald | Mikrosponsoring: Stiftung Wissenschaft Universitätsbibliothek der FernUniversität und Politik (SWP) - Deutsches Institut in Hagen | Staats- und Universitätsbiblio- für Internationale Politik und Sicher- thek Carl von Ossietzky, Hamburg | TIB heit | Leibniz-Institut für Europäische – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik Geschichte, Mainz und Naturwissenschaften und Universi- Kathrin Braun, political scientist, born in 1960, has done extensive work on the politics of bioethics and biomedicine, as well as the politics of coming to terms with human rights violations related to biopolitics. She received her PhD and title of extraordinary professor from the Leibniz University Hannover and has taught at a range of universities in Germany, the US, the UK and elsewhere. Since 2018 she has been research coordinator at the Center for Interdisciplinary Risk and In- novation Studies (ZIRIUS) at the University of Stuttgart, Germany. Kathrin Braun Biopolitics and Historic Justice Coming to Terms with the Injuries of Normality Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National- bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http:// dnb.d-nb.de This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeri- vatives 4.0 (BY-NC-ND) which means that the text may be used for non-commercial pur- poses, provided credit is given to the author. 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Contents 1 Introduction: Coming to Terms with Biopolitics, Temporality and Historic Justice .......................................................... 9 1.1 From Times Believed Long Overcome........................................... 9 1.2 Coming to Terms with the Presence of the Past ................................13 1.3 Biopolitics and the Threshold of Modernity .....................................14 1.4 Biopolitical Temporality .......................................................18 1.5 Biopolitics, Historic Justice and Injuries of Normality........................... 21 1.6 OutlineoftheBook ........................................................... 25 2 Biopolitics and Modernity: Revisiting the Eugenics Project................... 29 2.1 A Modern Project ............................................................. 32 2.2 Eugenics and Social Reform .................................................. 35 2.3 Eugenics and the Question of Race............................................ 37 2.4 Welfare Eugenics ............................................................. 43 2.5 Eugenics and Feminism....................................................... 45 2.6 Biologist Determinism and Social Engineering ................................. 48 2.7 Eugenics, Progress and Productivism .......................................... 51 2.8 Conclusion ................................................................... 53 3 Nazi Sterilization Policy, Second-Order Injustice and the Struggle for Reparations .............................................................. 55 3.1 The Hereditary Health Act and its Biopolitical Rationality ...................... 60 3.2 No ‘Forgotten Victims’: Non-Reparation Policy after 1945 ....................... 62 3.3 The 1980s: The Struggle Gains Momentum ..................................... 68 3.4 Reparations as the Greater Injustice? ......................................... 69 3.5 Ostracization or Annulment ................................................... 72 3.6 Comprehensive Rehabilitation? ............................................... 74 4 Justice at Last: The Persecution of Homosexual Men and the Politics of Amends .................................................. 77 4.1 “Exterminating the Disease”: The Nazi Persecution of Homosexual Men......... 79 4.2 Normal Persecution: Paragraph 175 in the Federal Republic ................... 83 4.3 Banned from Reparations..................................................... 87 4.4 Regret and Reluctance........................................................ 90 4.5 From Injuries of Normality to Sexual Exceptionalism .......................... 92 4.6 Conclusion ................................................................... 96 5 Marginal Justice: Coming to Terms with the Persecution of the ‘Asocials’.... 99 5.1 Model Germany? ............................................................. 102 5.2 Doing Justice — or not. The Performative Politics of Historic Justice.......... 103 5.3 The Nazi Persecution of the ‘Asocials’ ........................................ 105 5.4 Meaningful Work and Orderly Life ............................................ 108 5.5 Excluded Victims ............................................................ 109 5.6 Forgotten ‘Forgotten Victims’? ................................................ 111 5.7 Commemoration Beyond the State ............................................ 117 5.8 Conclusion ................................................................... 118 5.9 Addendum ................................................................... 119 6 Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault on Biopolitics, Time and Totalitarianism 121 6.1 LifeandLabor............................................................... 123 6.2 Total Management ........................................................... 126 6.3 Politics, Life and Modern Temporality .........................................127 6.4 Improving Life ............................................................... 131 6.5 Living in the Interval......................................................... 134 6.6 Beyond Biopolitics: Zur Welt Kommen......................................... 136 7 Increasing the Forces of Life: Biopolitics, Capitalism and Time in Marx and Foucault......................................................... 141 7.1 Missing the Link: Biopolitics and Capitalism ................................... 141 7.2 Biopolitics as Biotechnology ................................................. 142 7.3 Biopolitics as Self-Government............................................... 144 7.4 Power and Productivity .......................................................147 7.5 Enhancing the Forces of Life................................................