EXPLORING THE ORIGINS OF TODAY’S HISTORIC ST. AUGUSTINE: POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTIONS by KAITLIN DORN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2017 © 2017 Kaitlin Dorn To my family ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my thesis committee including Morris Hylton III and Kristin Larsen. I would like to thank my “alternate thesis committee” including Jenny Wolfe, Robin Moore, and Paul Weaver. After taking some time off, they inspired me to pick up where I left off and finish. I would like to thank the City of St. Augustine’s Planning and Building Department. I would like to thank the St. Augustine Historical Society Research Library, especially Mr. Tingley, Mr. Nawrocki, Ms. Willis, and Dr. Parker. I would like to thank the folks at the Government House Research Library, especially Mr. Caswell and Mr. Armstrong. I would like to thank Arnold Päcklar; he was my support system. I would like to thank my parents, Julie and John. I would not have finished without consistent encouragement from my grandparents, Robert and Marilyn Dorn, and Mary Merryman. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 8 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... 11 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 14 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 21 Early Twentieth Century Projects ............................................................................ 23 Colonial Williamsburg, VA (1926) ..................................................................... 24 Old Sturbridge Village, MA (1946) .................................................................... 26 Plimoth Plantation, MA (1947) .......................................................................... 27 (Re-)defining Reconstruction .................................................................................. 30 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ....................................................... 30 Secretary of Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties ....... 31 The Debate: To Reconstruct or Not to Reconstruct? ............................................. 34 Authenticity ....................................................................................................... 34 Reasons to Support Reconstruction ................................................................. 36 Reasons to Oppose Reconstructions ............................................................... 38 Late Twentieth Century Projects ............................................................................. 40 Benjamin Franklin House, PA (1976) ............................................................... 40 St. Mary’s City – 1667 Brick Chapel (2007) ...................................................... 41 Virtual Reconstruction ...................................................................................... 42 St. Augustine .......................................................................................................... 43 History .............................................................................................................. 43 Flagler Legacy .................................................................................................. 46 St. Augustine Historical Society ........................................................................ 47 Carnegie Institute: St. Augustine Historical Program ....................................... 49 Llambias House ................................................................................................ 54 Oldest House .................................................................................................... 55 St. Augustine Historical Society: Development Plan of 1955........................... 55 Special Advisory Committee: St. Augustine Restoration Plan of 1958 ............ 59 St. Augustine Historic Preservation and Restoration Commission of 1959 ...... 61 St. Augustine Restoration, Inc. ......................................................................... 64 The Preservation Movement of the 1960s ........................................................ 65 Case Studies .......................................................................................................... 66 5 Manuel de Herrera House ................................................................................ 66 Salcedo House ................................................................................................. 67 Alexander-Garrido House ................................................................................. 67 De Hita House .................................................................................................. 68 3 RESEACH METHODS ............................................................................................ 70 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 71 Strategies of Inquiry ......................................................................................... 71 Bounding the Study .......................................................................................... 72 Data Collection Strategies ................................................................................ 73 Data Recording Procedures ............................................................................. 73 Data Analysis and Interpretation ...................................................................... 73 Verification ........................................................................................................ 74 Reporting the Findings ..................................................................................... 75 Method .................................................................................................................... 75 Research Question ........................................................................................... 75 Criteria for Analysis .......................................................................................... 75 Stakeholders .............................................................................................. 75 Goals and objectives .................................................................................. 76 Processes and strategies ........................................................................... 76 Tools for implementation ............................................................................ 77 Funding ...................................................................................................... 77 Interpretation .............................................................................................. 78 Impacts on tourism ..................................................................................... 78 Impacts to the urban environment .............................................................. 79 Integrity ranking ......................................................................................... 79 Evidence .................................................................................................... 80 4 OUTCOMES ........................................................................................................... 82 Don Manuel de Herrera House ............................................................................... 82 Stakeholders .................................................................................................... 83 Goals and Objectives ....................................................................................... 84 Processes or Strategies ................................................................................... 85 Implementation Tools ....................................................................................... 86 Funding ............................................................................................................ 88 Interpretation .................................................................................................... 88 Impacts on Tourism .......................................................................................... 89 Impacts to the Urban Environment ................................................................... 90 Integrity Ranking .............................................................................................. 90 Salcedo House ..................................................................................................... 102 Stakeholders .................................................................................................. 102 Goals and Objectives ..................................................................................... 103 Processes or Strategies ................................................................................