INFORMATION NEEDS OF SYRIAN REFUGEES AND HOST COMMUNITIES IN JORDAN, LEBANON AND TURKEY FINAL REPORT Prepared by Altai Consulting for CFI Paris – May 2017 May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities This study was directed by Sébastien Duhaut, with the support of Hind Kinani, Antoine Roy and Anthony Auffret. This document is produced in the frame of the programme QUDRA – Resilience for Syrian Refugees, IDPs and Host Communities in Response to the Syrian and Iraqi Crises ». The QUDRA programme is a regional action financed by the EU Madad Trust Fund and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), implemented in Jordan, Lebanon, North Iraq and Turkey. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of Altai Consulting and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Unless specified otherwise, all pictures in this report are credited to Altai Consulting. Altai Consulting Public Policy, registered as Lhassa Consulting FZE. Cover picture: Informal tented settlement, Bekaa, Lebanon, March 2017. Graphic design by: vivid studio (ammar haydar) CFI, 62, rue Camille Desmoulins, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux Contact Altai Consulting: Sébastien Duhaut, [email protected] 1 Altai Consulting May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities CONTENT 01 | INTRODUCTION 18 02 | METHODOLOGY 20 2.1 | Objectives 21 2.1.1 | Main objective 21 2.1.2 | Specific objectives 21 2.2 | Qualitative Research 21 2.3 | Quantitative research 22 2.3.1 | Description of the questionnaire 22 2.3.2 | Data collection, management and real-time monitoring 22 2.3.3 | Data collection 23 2.3.3.1 | Jordan 23 2.3.3.2 | Lebanon 24 2.3.3.3 | Turkey 24 2.4 | Quotas and re-weighting 24 2.5 | Margin of error 25 2.6 | Diversity of the sample 26 2.3.1 | Locations 26 2.3.2 | Detailed age groups 26 2.3.3 | Language 27 2.3.4 | Regions of origin 27 2.3.5 | Educational levels 28 2.3.6 | Accommodation 28 2.3.7 | Syrian refugees and host communities 29 Altai Consulting 2 May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities 2.7 | Challenges and Limitations 29 2.8 | Exchange rates 29 03 | GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION 30 3.1 | Origins and itineraries 31 3.1.1 | Regions in Syria 31 3.1.2 | Arrival year 31 3.1.3 | Migration drivers 32 3.2 | Revenues 32 3.2.1 | Comparison with pre-crisis revenues 32 3.2.2 | The revenue gap between Syrian refugees and host communities 33 3.3 | Occupations 34 3.4 | Household structures 36 3.5 | Accommodation 36 3.6 | Future 37 04 | A HIGH LEVEL OF MEDIA EQUIPMENT 38 4.1 | General penetration rates 39 4.1.1 | By media / technology 39 4.1.2 | Equipment by education 46 4.1.3 | Equipment by age 46 4.1.4 | Average number of items by adults in household 47 4.2 | Non-economic barriers 48 4.2.1.1 | Gender gap 48 4.2.1.2 | Cultural and capacity barriers 49 4.3 | Who are the non-equipped? 51 3 Altai Consulting May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities 05 | MEDIA BEHAVIOURS AND PREFERENCES 52 5.1 | Intensive users 53 5.1.1 | Contrasted behaviours 54 5.1.2 | The effect of accommodation 55 5.2 | Preferred television channels 56 5.2.1 | The available choices: a rapid landscape of television channels 56 5.2.1.1 | Syrian channels 56 5.2.1.2 | Host country channels 57 5.2.1.3 | International channels 57 5.2.2 | General comparison 58 5.3 | News patterns 60 5.3.1 | By level of news 60 5.3.2 | Preferred TV channels 61 5.3.3 | Favoured TV channels by country 62 5.3.4 | Common tastes between Syrian refugees and host communities 63 5.3.4.1 | Jordan 63 5.3.4.2 | Lebanon 64 5.3.4.3 | Turkey 64 5.3.5 | What is the typical audience of the main television channels? 64 5.3.6 | A host country barrier? 65 5.3.7 | A summary of news behaviours: who is following what? 66 5.4 | The disappearing media 68 5.4.1 | Radio 68 5.4.2 | Paper newspapers 69 Altai Consulting 4 May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities 06 | INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA 70 6.1 | Internet consumption 71 6.1.1 | Econometrics of the internet consumption 71 6.2 | Mapping internet 73 6.2.1 | Personal costs 73 6.2.2 | Quality 74 6.3 | Distribution of time on the internet 75 6.4 | Refugees on social media 75 6.4.1 | General rates 75 6.4.1.1 | Typical profiles 77 6.1 | The refugee Facebook network 77 6.1.1 | The social network landscape 77 6.1.2 | Most popular themes on Facebook 79 6.1.3 | What do people do on Facebook? 80 6.1.3.1 | Chatting versus other activities 80 6.1.3.2 | Publishing on Facebook 81 6.2 | Chatting patterns 81 6.2.1 | Relative importance of chat services 81 6.2.2 | Is chatting also an information channel? 82 6.3 | Mainstream internet 82 07 | HUMANITARIAN INFORMATION SOURCES 84 7.1 | Main information sources across sectors 85 7.2 | Existing outreach mechanisms 86 7.2.1 | SMS campaigns 86 5 Altai Consulting May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities 7.2.2 | Internet and social media 89 7.2.3 | Traditional media 92 7.2.4 | Their legs as an information tool 93 7.3 | Trust issues 94 7.4 | Information gaps 95 7.4.1 | Information gaps by gender 95 7.4.2 | Information gaps by type of accommodation 96 7.4.3 | Do host communities also experience information gaps? 96 7.4.4 | A mapping of expectations 97 7.4.5 | What is the actual information missing? 97 7.4.6 | Information gaps by educational level 98 7.4.7 | What is lacking exactly? 98 08 | ANNEXES 100 8.1 | Tables of results 101 8.1.1 | Full table of television channels (observation) 101 8.1.2 | Full table of television channels (declared, on news) 102 8.2 | Tables of media 105 8.2.1 | Television channels 105 8.2.2 | Facebook pages and groups 116 8.2.3 | Radio stations 129 8.2.4 | Online information websites 132 8.2.5 | Newspapers 134 8.3 | Statistical comments 135 8.3.1 | Re-weighting 135 Altai Consulting 6 May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities 8.3.1.1 | Complete table of quotas (real weights) 135 8.3.1.2 | Interviews achieved 136 8.3.1.3 | Weights in sample 137 8.3.1.4 | Coefficients applied 138 8.3.2 | Exchange rates used 139 8.3.3 | Multi Correspondence Analysis (MCA) 139 8.3.4 | Clustering 139 8.4 | Questionnaires 143 8.4.1 | Refugees 143 8.4.2 | Host communities 157 7 Altai Consulting May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities CHARTS Chart 1 Age pyramid of sampled population (refugees/host communities) 26 Chart 2 Refugees’ main first language (refugees only) 27 Chart 3 Education levels (refugees/host communities) 28 Chart 4 Syrian refugees and host community members’ representation in the sample 29 Chart 5 Refugees’ region of residence in 2011, by host country (refugees only) 31 Chart 6 Refugees’ year of arrival, by host country (refugees only) 32 Chart 7 Refugees’ reasons for leaving Syria (refugees only) 32 Chart 8 Refugees’ revenues evolution (refugees only) 33 Chart 9 Household revenue (refugees/host communities) 33 Chart 10 Revenues by region (refugees/host communities) 34 Chart 11 Current occupation (refugees/host communities) 35 Chart 12 Current and previous occupation (refugees only) 35 Refugees’ rural or urban origins, related to present type of accommodation Chart 13 37 (refugees only) Chart 14 Refugees’ future plans, by host country (refugees only) 37 Chart 15 Equipment rates (refugees/host communities) 39 Chart 16 Television equipment (refugees/host communities) 39 Chart 17 Television equipment by arrival date (refugees only) 40 Chart 18 Television equipment by kind of accommodation (refugees only) 40 Chart 19 Equipment by type of accommodation (whole population) 41 Chart 20 Personal access to telephone, by age (whole population) 42 Chart 21 Personal access to phone, by educational level (whole population) 42 Chart 22 Use the phone of a relative, by age and gender (whole population) 43 Chart 23 Kind of personal phone, by age (whole population) 43 Chart 24 Internet access by country (refugees/host communities) 44 Chart 25 Internet access modalities (refugees/host communities) 45 Chart 26 Internet equipment by revenue (whole population) 45 Chart 27 Internet by kind of accommodation (whole population) 46 Chart 28 Sensitivity to education of the various equipment items (whole population) 46 Chart 29 Sensitivity to age of the various equipment items (whole population) 47 Chart 30 Average number of television sets in the household (refugees/host communities) 47 Chart 31 Average number of phones in the household (refugees/host communities) 48 Chart 32 Number of equipment items per person (refugees/host communities) 48 Chart 33 Personal access to a phone, by gender (whole population) 48 Chart 34 Use the phone of a relative, by gender (whole population) 49 Chart 35 Reasons for not having a smartphone (whole population) 49 Chart 36 Reasons for not having internet (whole population) 50 Chart 37 Reasons for not having a radio (whole population) 50 Chart 38 Mapping of equipped and non-equipped people (whole population) 51 Chart 39 Average daily times of usage (whole population) 53 Altai Consulting 8 May 2017 Information Needs of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities Chart 40 Average daily times of usage (refugees/host communities) 53 Chart 41 Frequencies of usage (whole population) 54 Chart 42 Time spent on media, by educational level (whole population) 54 Chart 43 Time distribution on various media, by accommodation type (whole population) 55 Chart 44 Main satellite packages (whole population) 58 Chart 45 Television