Contents PARTI THE EMERGENCE OF TECHNOLOGY 1 / The Importance of Technology in Human Affairs 3 MELVIN KRANZBERG AND CARROLL W. PURSELL, JR. 2 / The Beginnings of Technology and Man 11 R. J. FORBES 3 / Mesopotamian and Egyptian Technology 26 R. J. FORBES 4 / The Classical Civilizations 47 A. G. DRACHMANN 5 / Technology in the Middle Ages 66 LYNN WHITE, JR. 6 / Early Modern Technology, to 1600 79 A. RUPERT HALL PART II BACKGROUND OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, 16OO-I75O 7 / Cultural, Intellectual and Social Foundations, 1600-1750 107 A. RUPERT HALL 8 / Economic and Political Developments, 1600-1750 118 SHEPARD B. CLOUGH X CONTENTS 9 / The Agricultural Revolution, 1600-1850 128 G. E. FUSSELL 10 / Metallurgy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 142 CYRIL STANLEY SMITH 11 / Instrumentation 168 SILVIO A. BEDINI AND DEREK J. DE SOLLA PRICE 12 / Transportation and Construction, 1300-1800: The Rise of Modern Civil Engineering 187 JAMES KIP FINCH PART HI THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, I75O-183O 13 / Prerequisites for Industrialization 217 MELVIN KRANZBERG 14 / The Textile Industry, 1750-1830 230 ABBOTT PAYSON USHER 15 / The Steam Engine Before 1830 245 EUGENE S. FERGUSON 16 / Metallurgical and Machine-Tool Developments 264 EUGENE S. FERGUSON 17 / Steam Transportation 284 EUGENE S. FERGUSON 18 / The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution 302 ERIC E. LAMPARD PART IV THE AGE OF STEAM AND IRON, 1830-1880 19 / The Invention of Invention 325 JOHN B. RAE 20 / Energy Conversion 336 JOHN B. RAE 21 / Mining and Metallurgical Production, 1800-1880 349 CYRIL STANLEY SMITH 22 / Buildings and Construction 367 CARL W. CONDIT 23 / Machines and Machine Tools, 1830-1880 392 CARROLL W. PURSELL, JR. 24 / Food and Agriculture in the Nineteenth Century 408 GEORG BORGSTROM 25 / Locomotives, Railways, and Steamships 425 ROGER BURLINGAME CONTENTS XI 26 / The Beginning of Electricity 437 BERN DIBNER 27 / Communications 452 BERN DIBNER 28 / Industrial' Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century 468 ROBERT P. MULTHAUF 29 / Military Technology 489 THOMAS A. PALMER 30 / The Spread of the Industrial Revolution 503 HERBERT HEATON. 31 / The Economic Consequences of Technological Change, 1830-1880 515 NATHAN ROSENBERG 32 / Population Movements and Urbanization 532 SAM B. WARNER, JR. 33 / Effects of Technology on Domestic Life, 1830-1880 546 ANTHONY N. B. GARVAN PARTV THE PROMISE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FULFILLMENT, 188019OO 34 / Applications of Electricity 563 HAROLD I. SHARLIN 35 / Electrical Generation and Transmission 578 HAROLD I. SHARLIN 36 / Metallurgy: Science and Practice Before 1900 592 CYRIL STANLEY SMITH 37 / Buildings and Construction, 1880-1900 602 CARL W. CONDIT 38 / Machines and Tools 620 ROBERT S. WOODBURY 39 / Late Nineteenth-Century Communications: Techniques and Machines 636 THOMAS M. SMITH 40 / The Beginnings of the Internal-Combustion Engine 648 LYNWOOD BRYANT 41 / Expansion of the Petroleum and Chemical Industries, 1880-1900 664 ARTHUR M. JOHNSON 42 / Mass Production for Mass Consumption 678 HAROLD F. WILLIAMSON 43 / Imperialism and Technology 692 RONDO CAMERON 44 / Expositions of Technology, 1851-1900 706 EUGENE S. FERGUSON Xll CONTENTS 45 / Technology and Culture at the End of the Nineteenth Century: The Will to Power 726 CHARLES L. SANFORD Epilogue 739 CARROLL W. PURSELL, JR. AND MELVIN KRANZBERG Readings and References 745 Contributors 775 Subject Index 781 Name Index 797.