NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service_____________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Other Name/Site Number: 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Vicinity of junction NC 5 and NC 2 Not for publication: N/A City/Town: Pinehurst Vicinity: X State: NC County: Moore Code: 125 Zip Code: 28374 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): _ Public-local: X_ District: X Public-State: X Site: _ Public-Federal: X Structure: _ Object: _ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 288 101 Buildings 11 _2 Sites _10 Structures 0 _2 Objects 302 115 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 160 Name of related multiple property listing: N/A NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service_____________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. Signature of Certifying Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of Commenting of Other Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau 5. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that this property is: __ Entered in the National Register __ Determined eligible for the National Register __ Determined not eligible for the National Register __ Removed from the National Register __ Other (explain): ______________________ Signature of Keeper Date of Action NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMBNo. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 3 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 6. FUNCTION OR USE Historic: Sub: Domestic Single Dwelling Domestic Multiple Dwelling Domestic Hotel Commerce/Trade Business Financial Institution Specialty Store Restaurant Social Club House Government Post Office Religion Religious Facility it Church Related Residence Recreation and Culture Theater Music Facility Recreation Facility Outdoor Recreation Agriculture/Subsistence Animal Facility it Horticulture Facility Landscape Park Current: Sub: Domestic Single Dwelling Domestic Multiple Dwelling Domestic Hotel Commerce/Trade Business Financial Institution Specialty Store Restaurant Social Club House Government Post Office Religion Religious Facility it Church Related Residence Recreation and Culture Theater Music Facility Recreation Facility Outdoor Recreation Landscape Park NFS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMBNo. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 4 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 7. DESCRIPTION ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION: Late Victorian/Queen Anne Shingle Style Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals Colonial Revival Tudor Revival Classical Revival Late Gothic Revival Mission Revival Late 19th and Early 20th Century Movements Bungalow/Craftsman MATERIALS: Foundation: Brick Walls: Wood/weatherboard Wood/shingle Wood/log Brick Stone Stucco Roof: Metal/tin Metal/copper Asphalt Asbestos Terra Cotta Stone/slate Other: Metal/cast iron Concrete Glass NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 5 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Describe Present and Historic Physical Appearance. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION - PINEHURST The Village of Pinehurst today is a lush resort paradise, green in all seasons and filled with the buildings of its birth and development during the last years of the nineteenth century and first several decades of the twentieth century. The core of wooded village green, hotels, shops, churches, and late nineteenth-early twentieth century cottages spreads outward along curving and concentric roads to include the larger estates of the 1910s and 1920s. Throughout, mature landscaping envelopes the various parts into a unified whole. On the south side of the village, manicured golf courses, tennis courts, and an equine sports facility provide the physical setting for the resort's primary recreational activities. Pinehurst, located 650 feet above sea level in the Sandhills of southeastern North Carolina, fits a 1909 description of the place as published in The Pinehurst Outlook. It is truly "an oasis in the desert." The Pinehurst Historic District consists of 417 total resources, of which 389 are buildings, 13 are sites, 13 are structures, and 2 are objects. Of the 417 total resources, 318 are primary resources (e.g. houses) and 99 are secondary resources (e.g. outbuildings). Approximately 75% (239), of the primary resources contribute to the historic character of the district. Of the non-contributing primary resources, approximately 72% (57) post-date the district's period of significance. The physical plan for Pinehurst was prepared in 1895 by the firm of Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot of Brookline, Massachusetts. Although Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. was involved with the conceptual planning of the place, the major design work and implementation were carried out by one of Olmsted's assistants, Warren H. Manning. Manning was involved from the beginning and continued to work with Pinehurst for several decades, planning and directing any changes in the layout of the village and working with more than a score of property owners on their own private cottage grounds and gardens. Manning himself best describes, in the December 10, 1897 issue of The Pinehurst Outlook, the landscaping task at Pinehurst. To provide a healthful, convenient and attractive town in which home-like accommodations and varied means of recreation could be secured at a moderate cost, in a region having a superior climate, but where much of the landscape had been made unattractive by fire, the axe and the poverty of the soil, was the problem presented to the landscape architects of Pinehurst. The hundred-acre town site is made up a succession of broad ridges and valleys which merge into each other so gradually that it is hard to realize that there is a variation of over fifty feet in elevation in different parts of the ground. ... The dry upland has a less varied and interesting growth for the greater part of the year, the larger growth being made up of scrubby and stunted oaks, tall swindling pines many dead and all with woefully scarred trunks. Under these trees is a ground covering of tuft grasses or a surface of nearly bare sand which is densely littered in many places with a ghastly ruin of fallen trunks, blackened stumps and decayed branches.... It was on the topography and in the landscape that I have described that the landscape architects were called upon to design an attractive village. The site selected for them to do this was on the dry upland not in the moist rich green valleys. The wide sweeping slopes and valleys suggested a broad treatment and required a curvilinear system of roads. It became at once evident that artificial means must be resorted to if an attractive evergreen landscape was to be provided during the winter, and an abundance of flowers during the early spring conditions which would not be presented by the original landscape. NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 PINEHURST HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 6 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Upon a topographical survey of the town site prepared by the engineer the plan of the town was studied. Its central feature was the Village Green, located in a broad, shallow amphitheater-like valley, and designed to be the heart of the village, with the inn, the hall, the store and the casino sites at its head on the main street and along the line of the electric tracks. The homes for the residents were along the sides of the green and on the streets radiating from it. ... The new plantations about the edge of the Village Green and in the planting space between walk and road were arranged in a manner that gave a series of views from each building over a foreground of low evergreen foliage between groups of evergreen trees to a broad stretch of green turf in the center of the green, with groups and scattered trees standing upon it. About the base of and in the immediate vicinity of the buildings, plantations were made with a view to giving the structures the appearance of growing out of a mass of foliage and thus being connected more intimately with the landscape. In such places and along the edges of the walks where the plantations would come closely under the eye, greater variety is provided and more attention given to an attractive ground covering. After fixing upon the design of the town and its surroundings the details of construction and planting were to be worked out. Plans showing cross sections of roads and walks, and grading plans of side slopes were prepared; also plans showing the position of plantations and the kind of plants to go in them.... From the inception of Pinehurst careful thought and investigation were given to the question of planting a problem for which there were no precedents...