ZOOTAXA 1737 New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation S. BLAIR HEDGES, WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN, & MATTHEW P. HEINICKE Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand S. BLAIR HEDGES, WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN, & MATTHEW P. HEINICKE New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeog- raphy, and conservation (Zootaxa 1737) 182 pp.; 30 cm. 31 March 2008 ISBN 978-1-86977-197-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-198-0 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2008 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2008 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 1737 © 2008 Magnolia Press HEDGES ET AL. Zootaxa 1737: 1–182 (2008) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation S. BLAIR HEDGES1*, WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN2, & MATTHEW P. HEINICKE3 1 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-5301 USA. Email:[email protected] 2 Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Email:[email protected] 3 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802-5301 USA. Email:[email protected] * Corresponding author Table of Contents Abstract . 6 Introduction . 6 Materials and Methods. 9 Results . 12 Systematic Accounts . 21 Terrarana, New Taxon . 21 Family Brachycephalidae Günther, 1858 . 22 Genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826 . 23 Genus Ischnocnema Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862 . 25 Ischnocnema guentheri Species Series . 27 Ischnocnema lactea Species Series . 27 Ischnocnema parva Species Series . 28 Ischnocnema ramagii Species Series . 28 Ischnocnema verrucosa Species Series . 29 Family Craugastoridae, New Family . 29 Genus Craugastor Cope, 1862 . 31 Subgenus Campbellius, New Subgenus . 33 Subgenus Craugastor Cope, 1862 . 35 Craugastor (Craugastor) fitzingeri Species Group . 37 Craugastor (Craugastor) melanostictus Species Group . 37 Craugastor (Craugastor) gulosus Species Series . 38 Craugastor (Craugastor) mexicanus Species Series . 39 Craugastor (Craugastor) rhodopis Species Series . 40 Craugastor (Craugastor) podiciferus Species Group . 41 Craugastor (Craugastor) rhodopis Species Group . 41 Craugastor (Craugastor) punctariolus Species Series . 42 Subgenus Hylactophryne Lynch, 1968 . 42 Craugastor (Hylactophryne) augusti Species Series . 44 Craugastor (Hylactophryne) bocourti Species Series . 45 Genus Haddadus, New Genus . 45 Accepted by M. Vences: 9 Jan. 2008; published: 31 Mar. 2008 3 Family Eleutherodactylidae Lutz, 1954 . 47 Subfamily Eleutherodactylinae Lutz 1954 . 49 Genus Diasporus, New Genus . 49 Genus Eleutherodactylus Duméril & Bibron, 1838 . 50 Subgenus Eleutherodactylus Duméril & Bibron, 1838 . 52 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) auriculatus Species Series . 53 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) abbotti Species Group . 54 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) auriculatus Species Group . 55 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) minutus Species Group . 56 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) martinicensis Species Series . 56 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) antillensis Species Group . 57 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) antillensis Species Subgroup . 57 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) gryllus Species Subgroup . 58 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) locustus Species Subgroup . 59 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) wightmanae Species Subgroup . 59 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) flavescens Species Group . 59 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) martinicensis Species Group . 59 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) richmondi Species Series . 61 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) varians Species Series . 61 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) lamprotes Species Group . 61 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) montanus Species Group . 62 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) varians Species Group . 62 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) leberi Species Subgroup . 63 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) varians Species Subgroup . 64 Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) wetmorei Species Group . ..