WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS IRCF REPTILES • VOL15, & N OAMPHIBIANS 4 • DEC 2008 189 • 20(1):30–35 • MAR 2013 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The SharedSexual History of Treeboas (CorallusDimorphism grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: in Lizards A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 Charles R. Darwin1 RESEARCH ARTICLES . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 Lacertilia.—The males. The of Knight some, Anole probably(Anolis equestris )of in Floridamany kinds of and so it is, as Dr. Günther informs me, with the females of .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 lizards, fight together from rivalry. Thus the arboreal Anolis many Iguanas, Chamelions and other lizards. In some species, cristatellus of S. AmericaCONSERVATION2 is extremely ALERT pugnacious: “During however, the crest is equally developed in both sexes, as in the . World’s Mammals in Crisis .............................................................................................................................................................5 220 6 the spring and early. partMore Than of Mammalsthe summer, ...................................................................................................................................................................... two adult males Iguana tuberculata . In the genus Sitana 223 , the males alone are 7 rarely meet without .a Thecontest. “Dow Jones On Index” first of Biodiversity seeing ........................................................................................................................................... one another, furnished with a large throat-pouch 225(fig. 33) , which can be they nod their headsHUSBANDRY up and down three or four times, at the same time expanding. Captivethe frill Care ofor the pouch Central Netted beneath Dragon .......................................................................................................the throat; Shannon Plummer 226 their eyes glisten with rage, and after waving their tails from side to side for a fewPROFILE seconds, as if to gather energy, they dart . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234 at each other furiously, rolling over and over, and holding firmly with their teeth.COMMENTARY The conflict generally ends in one of the combatants losing. Thehis Turtles tail, Havewhich Been Watchingis often Me devoured ........................................................................................................................ by the Eric Gangloff 238 victor.” The male BOOKof this REVIEWspecies is considerably larger than the female3; and this,. asThreatened far as AmphibiansDr. Günther of the World4 has edited been by S.N. able Stuart, to M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, ascertain, is the general ruleR. Berridge, with P. lizardsRamani, and of B.E. all Young kinds. .............................................................................................................. Robert Powell 243 The sexes often differCONSERVATION greatly in RESEARCH various REPORTS:external characSummaries- of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 ters. The male of theNATURAL above-mentioned HISTORY RESEARCH Anolis REPORTS is furnished: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 NEWBRIEFS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 248 with a crest, which runsEDITORIAL along INFORMATION the back and ..................................................................................................................................................... tail, and can be 251 erected at pleasure; butFOCUS of this ON crest CONSERVATION the female: does A Project not You exhibit Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 a trace. In the Indian Cophotis ceylanica, the female possesses a dorsal crest, though much less developed than in the male; Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern 1 Darwin, C.R. 1871. The Descent of Man, and SelectionTotat et vellesequein Relation audant to Sex mo. Volume Totat et velleseque audant mo 2. 1st edition. John Murray, London. Pp. 32–37estibus from inveliquo Chapter velique 12: rerchil“Secondary estibus inveliquo velique rerchil sexual characters of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles.”erspienimus, Spelling, quos punctuation,accullabo. Ilibus ital - erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus ics, and nomenclature as in the original text andaut footnotes. dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum 2 The reference to South America is in error, as indicatedfugiatis maionsequat by its common eumque name, the fugiatis maionsequat eumque Puerto Rican Crested Anole (Anolis cristatellus)moditia is native erere to the nonsedis Puerto ma Rican sectiatur Bank moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- and has become established in Costa Rica, the Dominicanma derrovitae Republic voluptam, (Hispaniola), as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as St. Martin and Dominica (Lesser Antilles), andaccullabo. Florida (Kraus, F. 2009. Alien Reptiles and Amphibians: A Scientific Compendium and Analysis. Invading Nature: Springer Series in Invasion Biology 4. Springer, New York). 3 Mr. N.L. Austin kept these animals alive for a considerable time; see ‘Land and Water,’ July, 1867, p. 9 (footnote from the original document). 4 Albert Günther (1830–1914), a German-born ichthyologist and herpetologist who served as keeper of the zoological collections of the British Museum, founded the Zoological Record (the world’s most complete index of zoological literature) and was the first person to realize that Sphenodon of New Zealand was not a lizard but the Male anoles, such as these Puerto Rican Crested Anoles (Anolis cristatel- sole living representative of the otherwise extinct order Rhynchocephalia (Adler, K. lus) erect a dewlap (described by Darwin as a “frill or pouch beneath the (ed.). 1989. Contributions to the History of Herpetology. Contributions to Herpetology, throat”) when they court females or engage in territorial conflicts with volume 5. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York). other males. Dewlap color varies by species and appears to be important in 5 Iguana tuberculata is now known to be a synonym of Iguana iguana (the Common species recognition in many instances. However, dewlap color can also vary or Green Iguana). by population. The top individual is from Puerto Rico proper, whereas the 6 Scientific names are italicized or not as in the original document. Fan-throated Lizards male below is from the British Virgin Islands. The difference in dewlap in the genus Sitana (family Agamidae) derive their name from the brightly colored, color is acknowledged by recognition at the subspecific level (A. c. cristatel- extendable throat fans of the males. This genus is endemic to the Indian Subcontinent. lus in Puerto Rico and A. c. wileyae from islands off the eastern coast of 7 This and following parenthetical references are to figures in the original document Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands). Top photograph by Fr. Alejandro J. that are included herein under their original numbers. Sánchez Muñoz, bottom photograph by Douglas Bell. Copyright © 2013. Charles R. Darwin. All rights reserved. 30 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 20(1):30–35 • MAR 2013 Fig. 33. Sitana minor. Male, with the gular pouch expanded (from Günther’s ‘Reptiles of India.’). folded up like a fan, and is coloured blue, black, and red; but these splendid colours are exhibited only during the pairing- season. The female does not possess even a rudiment of this appendage. In the Anolis cristatellus, according to Mr. Austen, the throat-pouch, which is bright red marbled with yellow, is present, though in a rudimental condition, in the female. Again, in certain other lizards, both sexes are equally well provided with throat-pouches. Here, as in so many previous cases, we see with species belonging to the same group, the same character confined to the males, or more largely devel- oped in the males than in the females, or equally developed in both sexes. The little lizards of the genus Draco, which glide through the air on their rib-supported parachutes, and which Male Puerto Rican Crested Anoles (Anolis cristatellus) engaged in a territo- in the beauty of their colours baffle description, are furnished rial struggle. The nuchal and dorsal crests of the male on top in this photo- with skinny appendages to the throat, “like the wattles of gal- graph (the eventual loser) are clearly evident. These are elevated when the linaceous birds.” These become erected when the