General Characteristics of Protists: Three kinds of protists • Animal-like (__________________________) • ALL Eukaryotes that cannot be classified as a They are classified by the way they • Plant-like (______________________________) plant, animal, or fungus. • Fungus-like (_____________________________) Kingdom Protista • They have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; Chapter 20 • some are autotrophic, some are __________________________. heterotrophic; • some are multicellular, most are unicellular. Animal-like Protists Protozoans Zooflagellates Trichomonas Zooflagellates • Called Protozoans- meaning • these are “Animal-like” protists that consume their nucleus food (heterotrophs) • Characteristics: ____________________________ “___________________________________” (one or two) • Unicellular • Examples: • Reproduction: mostly asexual by mitosis, some sexual flagella • characterized by modes of locomotion (how they reproduction- produce gametes that fuse –Zooflagellates move) • Role/Function: – Sarcodines – ___________________________ –Mostly free swimming – Ciliates – Some are parasites – ___________________________ –Sporozoans – Trypanosoma causes African Sleeping Sickness, Giardia causes diarrhea – ___________________________ – Termites have a zooflagellate living inside them that helps them digest wood Sarcodines Ciliates Sporozoans Ciliates • Characteristics: • Characteristics: __________________________________ • Characteristics: _____________________________ – _________________________________________ • Reproduction: complex reproduction with two phases- a - extensions of cytoplasm ________________________________________ sexual phase and asexual phase inside two different • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis – Have a macronucleus (active nucleus) and organisms! Cilia • Role/Function: micronucleus (reserve copy) • Role/Function: Pseudopod – free-swimming in aquatic environments • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis, can exchange Macronucleus – Parasitic –Amebic dysentery (diarrhea) material through conjugation (Figure 20-6 in book) Nucleus Micronucleus – Malaria is caused by the • Role/Function: free-living sporozoan Plasmodium Ameba proteus Paramecium Plant-like (Algae) Unicellular Algae Euglenophyta • Unicellular • Multicellular • (describe their ecology/uses): • Characteristics: ____________________________ –Euglenophyta –Rhodophyta – autotrophic, capture sunlight with chlorophyll and __________________________________________ – Chrysophyta –Phaeophyta other accessory pigments to make food • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis – Bacilliarophyta – Chlorophyta – base of many aquatic food chains • Role/Function: (Diatoms) • Example: phytoplankton- floating –free-swimming – Pyrrophyta photosynthetic organisms – can absorb material for food- recycling sewage (Dinoflagellates) – can lead to algal blooms choking waters of nutrients Euglenophyta Chrysophyta Diatoms • Characteristics: • Characteristics: _____________________________ Chloroplas – ___________________________________________ _______________________ (main component of t – ___________________________________________ glass) • Reproduction: asexually and sexually • Reproduction: asexually and sexually • Role/Function: free-floating • Role/Function: – Free-floating, or Flagellu Nucleus m • Known as “golden algae” – live in soil Pyrrophyta-Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellates Multicellular Algae Red Algae (Rhodophyta) • Characteristics: _____________________________ • (describe their ecology/uses)- • Characteristics: ____________________________ Nucleus _____________________________________________ – _________________________________ ____________________________________________ • Reproduction: asexually by mitosis ____________________________________________ • Role/Function: responsible for red tides (algal bloom – _________________________________ • Reproduction: sexually of dinoflagellates that secrete toxins that can cause – some have specialized tissue • Role/Function: illness paralysis, and death in fish – seaweeds and kelp – Deeper sea, great at harvesting humans) light Flagella – used in foods such as sushi, ice cream, salad dressing, candy, etc. – Help form coral reefs – Some used in foods and to make agar Volvox- colonial Brown algae (Phaeophyta) Green algae (Chlorophyta) Alternation of Generations Alternation of Generations • Characteristics: ____________________________ • Characteristics: _______________________________________ – __________________________________ _____ – __________________________________ Ulva- _______________________________________ • Reproduction: sexually by mitosis and meiosis likemulticellular _____ Reproduction: sexually by mitosis and true plants meiosis • Role/Function: some form symbiotic relationships with other organisms • Role/Function: – Form large habitats in aquatic Spirogyra- ecosystems multicellular Fungus-like Fungus-like Slime Molds Water Mold • (describe their ecology/uses): • Characteristics: • Slime Molds • Characteristics: – heterotrophic using external digestion to break – also called oomycetes (O-O-my-sets) •Water Molds – ________________________________________ down dead and decaying organic matter – Produce filaments called hyphae ________________________________________ • Reproduction: sexually and asexually – _______________________________________ • Role/Function: _______________________________________ – dead decaying matter in aquatic environments • Reproduction: sexually – some are plant parasites • Role/Function: Forest floor or composting- recycle organic matter – attack tomatoes and potatoes.