Planning for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) All Rights Are Reserved by the Presenter
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URBAN AGE INDIA CONFERENCE NOVEMBER 2007 Uma Adusumilli Chief Planner, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority Planning for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) All rights are reserved by the presenter. www.urban-age.net PlanningPlanning forfor thethe MumbaiMumbai MetropolitanMetropolitan RegionRegion (MMR)(MMR) UmaUma Adusumilli Adusumilli MumbaiMumbai MetropolitanMetropolitan RegionRegion DevelopmentDevelopment AuthorityAuthority WebsiteWebsite :: mmrdamumbai.orgmmrdamumbai.org NovemberNovember 3,3, 20072007 MMR - The Regional setting INDIA MAHARASHTRA MMR Mumbai Planning for Metros in India States adopted the approaches of • Policy planning – regional planning • Intervention – outer area development The variety • Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority – focus on socio-economic issues as well • National Capital Region Planning • Mumbai Metropolitan Region Planning – policy and co- ordination focus • Urban Development Authorities • Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority • Delhi Development Authority – land-development focus National Plans & Urban Development • There have been 10 national five year plans since independence • Concept of Cities being engines of economic growth not appreciated • Problems of urban areas treated as welfare related and sectors of residual investment rather than issues of national importance •8th Five Year Plan (1992-97) explicitly recognised importance of urban sector for national economy • The financial outlays for housing and urban development sector have been between 1 to 3 percent Delineation/delimitation Basis for inclusion of areas adjoining Mumbai : • Proximity due to commuting distance • Areas exhibiting high urbanisation trend • Areas exhibiting other homogeneous character • Focus on spatial planning and development criteria, not economic integration • Demand exists for inclusion of full districts of Thane and Raigad Mumbai Metropolitan Region 4 Districts VIRAR Area : 4355 Sq.Km. Mumbai, Sub- NALASOPARA THANE DIST. Total Population urban,Thane, Raigad NAVGHAR VASAI 19 millions BHIWANDI 7 Municipal MIRA-BHAYANDAR Population Corporations MUMBAI KALYAN SUB-URBAN THANE 1991-2011 ULHASNAGAR Greater Mumbai, SUBURBAN AMBERNATH Thane, Kalyan, NAVI MUMBAI DIST. BADLAPUR Popln. 1991 – 14.53 m Navi Mumbai, Popln. 2001 – 19.29 m Ulhasnagar, MATHERAN PANVEL Popln. 2011 – 22.44 m Mira-Bhayandar, MUMBAI Bhiwandi-Nizampur RAIGAD DIST. URAN KARJAT Urban : 18 million (94%) 13 Municipal Councils KHOPOLI 17 Urban Centres 1003 Villages PEN Rural : 1 million ( 6% ) ALIBAG Metropolitan Development Authorities Metropolitan Area Formed under No. Population Functions Area In Sq.Km. Act 19 m Planning Mumbai, MMRDA 13 Corp. Projects 1 4355 1975 Act, 1974 13 Councils Dev. Financing 1000 villages Co-ordination Planning Town & Projects Kolkata, Country Co-ordination 2 1854 14 m 1970 Planning Act, Dev. Control 1979 Healthcare Employment Town & 1 Corp. Planning Chennai, Country 16 Councils Projects 3 1972 Planning Act, 20 towns Co-ordination 1971 214 villages Dev. Control Planning 4 Bengaluru, Projects Dev. Control Hyderabad, 1 Corp. Planning 5 (under 7000 2 Councils Projects formation) 1000 villages Dev. Control Governance and Spatial Planning • 3 tier governance in India • Central, State and Local (urban and rural) governments • Spatial Planning - a local authority function under the constitution • MPCs a constitutional requirement for spatial planning at metropolitan level - fill the gap of governance • Metropolitan Level – only for spatial planning, development control and infrastructure development • Existing Development Authorities to assist MPCs in preparation of Development Plans in future Metropolitan Planning Committees • The Maharashtra Metropolitan Planning Committees (Constitution and Functions) Act, 1999 • Functions - to prepare draft development plan for the metropolitan area and recommend to govt. - to ensure compliance of provisions of article 243-ZE of Indian Constitution • Constitution - ex-officio - secretaries - Nominated - C’man, CEOs, MLAs, experts - elected from elected representatives - Invitees – MPs/MLAs, DTP, CEOs of Infrastructure agencies of GoM & GoI • MMRDA to assist MPC in preparation of Development Plan SWOT of MMR StrengthsStrengths •• Presence Presence ofof twotwo seasea portsports andand airportairport •• Long Long historyhistory ofof internationalinternational tradetrade andand financialfinancial servicesservices •• Large Large talenttalent pool,pool, goodgood workwork cultureculture •• Efficient Efficient publicpublic transporttransport •• Gifted Gifted hydrometrichydrometric areaarea ensuringensuring waterwater sourcessources •• Positive Positive urbanisationurbanisation pattern pattern withwith 2020 ULBsULBs OpportunitiesOpportunities •• Opportunities Opportunities forfor improvedimproved externalexternal trade,trade, export,export, internationalinternational financialfinancial servicesservices Centres,Centres, ITIT andand ITESITES •• Growth Growth ofof highhigh endend manufacturingmanufacturing •• Potential Potential ofof mediamedia andand entertainmententertainment •• A A dedicateddedicated institutioninstitution forfor planningplanning andand developmentdevelopment SWOT of MMR WeaknessesWeaknesses •• Topographic Topographic constraints,constraints, limitedlimited landland supplysupply •• High High realreal estateestate && housinghousing pricprices,es, majoritymajority livingliving inin slumsslums •• Inadequate Inadequate powerpower supply,supply, waterwater supplysupply turningturning intointo weaknessweakness •• Overcrowded Overcrowded trainstrains andand slowslow movingmoving busesbuses •• Generally Generally poorpoor solidsolid wastewaste managementmanagement •• Vulnerability Vulnerability toto floodingflooding andand disruptiondisruption toto traffictraffic •• Mumbai Mumbai rankedranked 150150 inin qualityquality ofof lifelife indexindex inin internationalinternational comparison.comparison. •11•11thth rankrank amongstamongst 1212 IndianIndian citiescities inin “ease“ease ofof doingdoing business”business” ThreatsThreats •• Competition Competition fromfrom otherother IndianIndian && DevelopingDeveloping CountryCountry citiescities forfor betterbetter qualityquality ofof lifelife atat lowerlower realreal estateestate andand housinghousing pricesprices •• Inability Inability toto convertconvert economiceconomic momentummomentum intointo infra.infra. Investment.Investment. Hill ranges in MMR TUNGAR BHIWANDI UTTAN KANHERI MUMBRA TROMBAY PANVEL MATHERAN SAHYADRI KARNALA KANKESHWAR Rivers in MMR TANSA KALU BHATSAI ULHAS ULHAS PANVEL PATALGANGA BHOGESHWARI AMBA Mumbai Hydrometric Area KAWADAS WEIR UPPER VAITARNA PINJAL GARGAI MIDDLE VAITARNA LOWER VAITARNA TANSA BHATSA NORTH – EAST PELHAR WESTERN REGION SHAI REGION USGAON REGION KALU KAMAN MURBADI TULSI SHAHAD BARVI VIHAR BADLAPUR GREATER NEW MUMBAI Greater Mumbai sources MUMBAI REGION POSHIR Existing PANVEL-URAN Proposed REGION MOHIL MORBE Other sources NERAL – KARJAT SALPE-TIWNE Existing RANSAI REGION KELAVALI Proposed PEN REGION SUNGDEWADI HETAWANE ALIBAG REGION MMRDAMMRDA Established in 1975 under MMRDA Act,1974 for Planning, co-ordinating and supervising the proper, orderly and rapid development of the areas in the region and executing plans, projects and schemes for such development, and to provide for matters connected therewith. MMRDA’s Functions • Established on 26thJan.1975 under MMRDA Act, 1974 • Main objective is to achieve rapid and orderly development of the region • Principal Functions: ⎯ Regional Planning ⎯ Project formulation ⎯ Co-ordination ⎯ Financing infrastructure development ⎯ Implementation of select projects ⎯ Micro-planning and dev. control in designated areas Powers of MMRDA • To freeze or restrict development where necessary • To give directions • To require local authority to assume responsibility in certain area • To impose conditions while financing schemes • To levy a cess on buildings and lands for the activities of the Act • To levy betterment charges on increased land value as a consequence of its projects • To levy, assess, settle and pay betterment charges MumbaiMumbai MetropolitanMetropolitan RegionalRegional PlansPlans 1973-1993,1973-1993, andand 1996-20111996-2011 Regional Plan for MMR -1973 …. (1) Problems identified Main proposals Rapid population growth • Restrict industrial growth in of Mumbai Mumbai; delete 800 ha industrial zone in Mumbai. Over concentration of • Develop Bandra Kurla complex jobs in Mumbai •Limit Mumbai’s growth to 7 million population by 1991 Imbalanced growth • Set up Navi Mumbai across harbour caused by Mumbai’s with target population of 2 million geography by 1991 • Develop new town at Kalyan; develop new township around railway stations in Vasai Virar and north of Kalyan Congestion, lack of • Shift the State capital complex to infrastructure Navi Mumbai Regional Plan for MMR -1973 …. (2) Result : • Limit Mumbai’s growth to 7 m population by 1991 • CIDCO was appointed in 1971 as NTDA to develop Navi Mumbai • New Industrial Location Policy was introduced for MMR • Office development in the Island city was banned. • FSI in the Island city was restricted • Wholesale markets identified for relocation; some relocated • Bandra Kurla complex is being developed by MMRDA • New town at Kalyan was notified by MMRDA Context of RP 1996-2011 Situation at the time of Revision of the Plan • Mumbai’s population growth could not be arrested • Industrial employment did not increase as expected, it declined. • Mumbai’s economy indicated stagnancy and decline • Navi