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Guide for Authors 11695 Guide to Authors booklet 13/11/01 11:53 am Page 1

CONTENTS Page

1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. OVERVIEW OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS 4 2.1 Delivery of final manuscript 4 2.2 Production schedule 5 2.3 Copy-editing 5 2.4 Page design 5 2.5 Typesetting 5 2.6 Proofs and proof checking 5 2.7 Indexing 6 2.8 Cover and jacket 6 2.9 Printing and publication 6 2.10 Advance copies 6 2.11 Publication 7

3. PLANNING YOUR MANUSCRIPT 7

4. STRUCTURE OF THE MANUSCRIPT 8 4.1 Parts and chapters 8 4.2 Chapter titles 8 4.3 Headings and sub-headings 8 4.4 Preliminary (prelim) pages 8 4.5 Endmatter 9

5. PREPARING A TYPEWRITTEN MANUSCRIPT 10 5.1 Paper 10 5.2 Spacing 10 5.3 Margins 10 5.4 Pagination 10 5.5 Corrections 11 5.6 Chapters 11 5.7 Headings 11 5.8 Italics 11 5.9 Illustrations and tables 11 5.10 Copies of typescript 11 5.11 Mathematics/special characters 11 5.12 Delivery 11

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6. PREPARING A MANUSCRIPT ELECTRONICALLY 12 6.1 General instructions 12 6.2 Manuscript layout 12 6.3 File construction 13 6.4 Typographic conventions 14 6.5 Keyboard conventions 14 6.6 Illustrations 15 6.7 Screenshots 16 6.8 Photographs 16 6.9 Edited and multiple author manuscripts 17 6.10 Delivery 17

7. PREPARING CAMERA-READY COPY (CRC) 17 7.1 Sample pages 18 7.2 Copy-editing and proofreading 18 7.3 House style 18 7.4 Prelim pages 18 7.5 Part titles 19 7.6 Chapters 19 7.7 Fitting text on page 19 7.8 Extracts and quotations 19 7.9 Notes and footnotes 19 7.10 Illustrations and tables 19 7.11 Supplying illustrations/tables for paste in 20 7.12 Plate sections and photographs 20 7.13 Endmatter 20 7.14 Delivery 20

8. HOUSE STYLE 20

9. COPYRIGHT PERMISSIONS 22

10. ILLUSTRATIONS 23 10.1 Line drawings and halftones 23 10.2 Photographs 24

11. TABLES 24

12. MATHEMATICS, MATHEMATICAL NOTATION & SPECIAL CHARACTERS 25

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13. UNITS 26

14. GREEK ALPHABET 26

15. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES 26 15.1 The numerical index system 27 15.2 The Harvard system 28 15.3 Bibliographies 29

16. INDEXES 29 16.1 Choosing index terms 29 16.2 Preparing to compile an index 29 16.3 Presentation of copy 29 16.4 Punctuality and conciseness 30 16.5 General rules 30 16.6 Order of entries 30 16.7 Sub-entries 31 16.8 Proper names 31 16.9 Cross-referencing 31

17. DELIVERING YOUR MANUSCRIPT 32

18. CONCLUSION 32

19. SOURCES OF REFERENCE 33

20. IEE PUBLICATIONS AND INFORMATION SERVICES 33 20.1 Books 33 20.2 IEE Proceedings 34 20.3 Electronics Letters 34 20.4 Magazines and newspapers 34 20.5 Engineering Journals 35 20.6 IEE Guide series 35 20.7 Other publications and information services from the IEE 35

21. IEE JOURNALS Ð AUTHOR GUIDES 36

22. COPYRIGHT LAW 36

23. PUBLISHING AND THE INTERNET 37

24. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 37

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1. INTRODUCTION physical constants, conversion factors, and SI units. The aim of this revised edition of the Throughout the Guide for Authors you IEE Guide for Authors is to give an will encounter technical publishing understanding of the processes of terms. The Glossary that forms Section producing text for publication. The 24 of this Guide is intended to provide a Guide is primarily aimed at those writing brief explanation of the numerous terms for publication by the IEE itself and the that you will encounter when dealing relevance of the Sections will vary from with publishers. Comprehensive author to author. However, whether you definitions of technical publishing terms are an author of a book, contributed may be found in publications mentioned article or chapter, the guidance given under Sources of Reference. here is, in many areas, generic to all Prior to commencing work, you should publishers. It indicates ways in which discuss the exact requirements for your you can help the publisher to produce a manuscript with your publisher. high quality published work, in the shortest time and as economically as possible. 2. OVERVIEW OF THE PRODUCTION The Guide for Authors is one of a set of PROCESS three IEE Guides giving guidance on a particular aspect of technical writing. You will be involved with several stages TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING, based of the production process. The level of on the IEE short course of the same involvement varies according to the name, provides advice on the manner in which you have prepared your construction and presentation of reports, manuscript. At the very least, the setting out the ten laws of good report publisher will expect you to proofread writing and covering formatting, writing, the typeset pages. The following Section illustrating, and conclusions. UNITS outlines the production process and your AND SYMBOLS FOR ELECTRICAL responsibilities. AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING contains useful information for Electrical 2.1 Delivery of final and Electronic engineers at all levels, manuscript from students to professionals in industry. It also provides useful information for Delivery should fall within the relevant authors of specialised papers and books. guidelines laid out in Sections 5, 6, 7 It includes a selection of graphical and 17. You should send the publisher symbols in common use in electrical and the manuscript, all illustrative matter electronic engineering, as well as tables and other relevant materials as listed by of quantity and mathematical symbols, you.

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2.2 Production The design is normally completed before schedule typesetting commences. As soon as your manuscript has entered 2.5 Typesetting the production process, the production department will compile a detailed Text, figures and tables are composed into schedule through to the estimated page format by a typesetter, usually using publication date. Your publisher will then dedicated page make-up software. be able to tell you when to expect page proofs and will also give you a date by 2.6 Proofs and proof- which you should complete the proof checking checking. After the text has been typeset, you will be sent a set of proofs to check in detail. 2.3 Copy-editing Simultaneously, the publisher will often Upon receiving a final manuscript, the arrange for a freelance proofreader to publisher will arrange for the pages to be check a separate set of the proofs against read by a freelance copy-editor. The your original manuscript. This is to copy-editor ensures that the manuscript ensure that the copy-editor’s corrections sent to the typesetter is presented to an have been correctly inserted and also agreed style. He/she also edits the provides a further opportunity to correct manuscript for spelling, grammar, sense spelling and grammar. In some cases, two and readability. During copy-editing, proofing stages may occur, especially in editorial points for typeset pages are listed, highly illustrated books Ð galley proofs as well as any queries that may need to be and page proofs Ð but you will be asked to addressed by you. check proofs only at one of the stages.

Copy-editing corrections are usually Freelance proofreaders will not usually incorporated into the manuscript by the correct technical errors. Accurate proof typesetter. If you have chosen to supply checking therefore becomes your camera-ready copy, it is your responsibility, as author, and is usually responsibility to incorporate the copy- time-critical. You should read through the editor’s corrections into the manuscript. proofs promptly and carefully, and return them by the deadline given by the 2.4 Page design publisher. It is important that only essential changes are made at proof stage, Design of the book is primarily the as alterations to proofs are costly, time- responsibility of the publisher, and it is not consuming and may introduce further unusual for a publisher to produce a series errors. of books with one common page design. This common design is normally used to Corrections to proofs should be marked in promote a corporate identity for books. the standard colour coding Ð red for

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typesetter’s errors, black or blue for your change to rainfall essential corrections. Where there is more bold than one author checking proofs, each insert rainfall author should return one corrected set of quotation proofs to the publisher. The corrections marks will then be collated onto one set of insert electricians proofs. The publisher may ask the apostrophe typesetter to supply a revised set of proofs; these will normally be proofread 2.7 Indexing by the publisher only. It is normally the author’s responsibility to Many different symbols are used to compile an index. Rather than signify changes at proof stage. Where undertaking the task yourself, you may possible, these should correspond to the ask the publisher to arrange for the index proof correction marks in British Standard to be compiled by a freelance indexer. In 5261: Part 2 (1976), the most common of this case, the publisher may deduct the which are detailed below. However, the cost from your future royalty payments. main consideration is to mark as clearly and precisely as possible the necessary 2.8 Cover and jacket corrections. It is essential that every proof The description of the book provided by correction is indicated by some sort of you is used as the basis of the copy for the mark in the margin. cover or jacket. Suggestions from authors for suitable cover illustrations are always Correction Mark in text Mark in welcome. You may also wish to send the required the margin ) )

) publisher a short biography for inclusion

close up in) to on covers and jackets. delete rainfall delete letter rainfalls ) 2.9 Printing and

delete letter rainsfall) and close up publication insert letter ranfall i Once the text has been approved in its replace word rainfall precipitation proof form, and the index has been typeset by another and checked, it will be sent to the printer word for reproduction, printing, binding and make lower Rainfall delivery. case make upper rainfall case 2.10 Advance copies change raenfall i It is usual for a contract between the spelling publisher and author to state that the change to rainfall author will receive a number of italics complimentary copies of the book.

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2.11 Publication Depending on the nature of the manuscript (an article, a chapter within a collected Publication of a book is considered to be work, or a full book manuscript), the when the bound copies have been publisher may require some or all of the delivered to the publisher’s warehouse and following to be included in the delivered the publisher can despatch the first books material: to fulfil client orders. ¥ preliminary text (prelim pages); Review copies are despatched as ¥ main text; appropriate by the publisher. The ¥ tables; publisher is normally very happy to ¥ figures, illustrations and other artwork; consider any suggestions authors might ¥ captions for figures etc.; have for review lists. ¥ complete list of references/bibliography; ¥ endmatter (see Section 4.5); 3. PLANNING YOUR ¥ permissions for use of any copyrighted material included. MANUSCRIPT Before you start work on your manuscript The final manuscript will normally consist you should decide, in consultation with of four parts (with the exception of CRC): your publisher, whether the manuscript is to be delivered as: i. Text manuscript Ð comprising all the main text and headings typewritten manuscript; ii. Tables Ð included as a separate table ¥ manuscript word processed file; ¥ iii. Figures Ð figures, illustrations, camera-ready copy (CRC). ¥ photographs, charts etc. should form a separate figure manuscript You will also need to: iv. Captions Ð presented as a separate manuscript from text, tables and ¥ familiarise yourself with the figures publisher’s house style; ¥ agree on the procedures for obtaining Whichever route you, as author, choose to the necessary permissions for take in preparing your manuscript, the text copyright material; must be complete when it is submitted to ¥ read through the recommendations for the publisher. illustrations and tables; ¥ decide which reference system you By delivering material in this way, the will be using; publisher will be able to prepare the ¥ consider the requirements for the manuscript for the production process in index, if applicable. the most efficient manner.

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4. STRUCTURE OF THE 4.3 Headings and sub- MANUSCRIPT headings The structure of your manuscript is as It is likely that the manuscript will require important as the content. A badly several levels of heading in order to structured book, chapter or article can subdivide the text. It is important that make it difficult for a reader to understand some consideration is given to the best what you are trying to say. As you are way of subdividing the text, and that this preparing your manuscript, you should is applied consistently throughout the consider not only the main chapters but manuscript. Remember that having too also take care in compiling the following. many levels of heading can lead to cluttered text that is both difficult to 4.1 Parts and chapters follow and distracting to the reader. Ideally you should use no more than three You may wish to divide your manuscript levels: not only into chapters, but also into parts. These should be identified by a title page 1.1 Heading followed by a blank page. Part title pages 1.1.1 Sub-heading should always start on a right-hand (recto) 1.1.1.1 Sub-sub-heading page, with the blank page falling on a left- hand (verso) page. Parts can be particularly useful in an edited book, to 4.4 Preliminary separate groups of chapters covering (prelim) pages particular subject areas. The preliminary pages appear at the front of the book, numbered with lower case Chapter lengths throughout a book should Roman numerals. The content of the be reasonably consistent. Remember Ð prelim pages will vary according to bigger is not necessarily better. You publisher. Pages i Ð iv are fairly standard should keep to the length agreed with the with all publishers. The remaining prelim publisher. pages may contain some, but not all, of the following, as well as items not 4.2 Chapter titles included in this list. The order in which Chapter titles should be as short and the pages appear will also vary according concise as possible. The aim of the title is to the publisher’s preferred house style. to give the reader a clear indication of the content of the text that follows. Half-title. Usually page i; always a right- Depending on the page design, the chapter hand page. It carries the title and, in the title is normally duplicated at the top of case of IEE books, series information. each left or right-hand page. This running head may sometimes be abbreviated if a Half-title verso. Page ii, sometimes chapter title is particularly long. presented as a blank page, used in IEE

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books to detail other publications within a also be used to give personal thanks. particular series. Formal or numerous acknowledgments should, however, be listed separately. Title page. Page iii. Carries the full title Your name and, if appropriate, affiliation and subtitle, the name(s) of the should appear at the end of the Preface. author(s)/editor(s), and the publisher’s You may also choose to include the date colophon. on which the Preface was written. This can, however, sometimes make a Title page verso. Page iv. Often known publication appear out of date within a as the imprint page, this normally contains short period of time. copyright and bibliographical data. It is standard for this page to show not only the Acknowledgments. Formal thanks and publisher’s imprint, but also that of the acknowledgments should be listed printer. separately within this page. Acknowledgment should be made not Dedication. You may wish to include a only to peers and colleagues, but also to dedication. If applicable, this often copyright holders for permission to appears on page v, with the following left- reproduce material. hand page left blank. List of Contributors. Edited books Contents. The contents always begin on usually contain a list of contributing a right-hand page. If no dedication authors. These are normally arranged appears, the list of contents will start on alphabetically and may show any or all of page v. The list should include details of the following: full name and initials; qualifications; affiliations; contact address; all prelim matter; part titles (if applicable); brief biography; previous publications. chapter titles and relevant sub-headings; and all endmatter. You should take care to List of Illustrations/Tables/Plates. ensure that the text shown within the contents pages matches that shown in the List of Abbreviations or Acronyms. main text.

Foreword. Usually written 4.5 Endmatter independently, by someone other than the Endmatter is that which appears at the end author/editor. The Foreword gives a of the book, after the main chapters. The general introduction to the book. order in which the endmatter appears may vary, as may the amount of content Preface. Written by the author/editor, the contained within each section. Endmatter Preface gives the reader a more specific can include: appendices; references and/or idea of what is contained within the main bibliography; glossary; the index(es); any pages. In the absence of an information that does not constitute a Acknowledgments page, the Preface can chapter.

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Appendices. You may wish to include 5.1 Paper information that expands on the contents of chapters but, at the same time, does not The typescript must be typed on good- merit a chapter on its own. In this case, quality, white, A4 paper (297 x 210mm) the text should be set out within an or the nearest equivalent size. Appendix to the main chapters. 5.2 Spacing References/Bibliography. References Type on one side of the paper only. Text show the full details of material referred to should be double spaced throughout. Try within chapters. A bibliography, on the to type the same number of lines on each other hand, normally covers works related page. Do not use single spacing for to the subject matter but that have not quotations, notes, tables, references, necessarily been cited in the main text. appendices etc. In these instances, text Please refer to Section 15 for further should be typed in double space but details. indented a few spaces on the left-hand side. Indexes. Used by readers to identify particular areas of interest within a 5.3 Margins publication, all books should contain an index. Whilst professional indexers can Please leave a minimum margin of 25mm be employed to compile the index, it is at the head, foot, and right-hand side of widely recognised by publishers that the the page. Margins at the left-hand side best indexer may be the author should be around 30mm. These margins him/herself. Please refer to Section 16 for are used for annotation by both the copy- further details on compiling an index. editor and typesetter and are therefore of importance. 5. PREPARING A TYPEWRITTEN 5.4 Pagination MANUSCRIPT Number all pages, including prelim pages (TYPESCRIPT) and endmatter, at the top of the page. Prelim pages should be numbered Typewritten manuscripts (typescripts) separately from the rest of the pages, must be laid out as follows. The usually by using Roman numerals, e.g. i, typescript must be complete and an ii, iii etc. The total number of pages original, not a photocopy. If any part of should be written on the first page of the the text, e.g. a chapter, is missing, the typescript. Pages added after the publisher may not accept the typescript. manuscript has been typed should be laid Prelim pages or endmatter may be out as detailed in points 5.1Ð5.3 and supplied after the main typescript, but this inserted in the correct place, cross- should be agreed with your publisher prior referenced as necessary on the preceding to submission of the typescript. page, and numbered 20a, 20b etc. in the

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case of an additional page inserted after 5.9 Illustrations and the original page 20. If a whole page is tables deleted, the preceding page should show a double number, e.g. if page 16 is deleted, Ensure that the typescript clearly indicates page 15 is renumbered 15/16. the position at which illustrations and tables are to be included. Tables should, 5.5 Corrections where possible, be laid out as part of the main text. If necessary, they can be Last-minute corrections should be marked supplied as separate copy and should be clearly, in ink, at the appropriate place on placed after the last page of the typescript. the typescript. If possible, use the Illustrations should be supplied as standard proof correction symbol (see originals and should be attached after the Section 2.6). If the alterations are last page of the typescript (or, if substantial, they should be typed on a applicable, last table), clearly labelled to separate sheet of A4 paper and inserted as show the figure number. an additional page. The required point of insertion should be indicated in ink on the 5.10 Copies of main typescript. typescript 5.6 Chapters Always submit at least two copies of the typescript to the publisher. Remember to Whether you are author of a chapter to retain a copy of the final typescript for form part of a collected work or sole your own reference. Your retained copy author of a manuscript, always begin a should show any handwritten comments new chapter on a fresh sheet of A4. supplied to the publisher.

5.7 Headings 5.11 Mathematics/ Headings within the typescript should special characters have double line spaces above and below If your typescript contains mathematical them. Do not centre either chapter material or special characters, take great headings or section headings. Use care in the preparation (see Section 12). differing but consistent styles of type to denote heading levels (hierarchy). 5.12 Delivery 5.8 Italics Do not use wire paperclips, staples or metal pins to fasten the pages of your If you want a word to appear in italics, typescript. These may tear the paper and e.g. the title of a book or journal, or a sections of the typescript will be lost. Bind word from another language, underline it with an elastic band or simply ensure that and write italic in the margin. Extensive every page of your typescript is numbered use of italic text should be avoided. and the pages are in the correct order.

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6. PREPARING A preparation of your manuscript with the MANUSCRIPT publisher prior to commencing work. The publisher will normally want to know ELECTRONICALLY what elements your book will include and Many authors now make use of a word which software packages you will be processor (WP) for manuscript using. In some cases, you may be asked preparation. Most publishers encourage to supply a sample electronic file and authors to use this process whenever printout, so that potential problems can be possible, as it gives publishers the option identified and solved at an early stage. of interfacing your text directly with typesetting software. As a result, If you intend to use specialist text production time and costs can be greatly processing packages such as TeX, LaTeX, reduced and editing of your text is easier or DTP systems (QuarkXpress, to manage. Pagemaker), or if you wish to supply PDF or Postscript files, you should discuss this The guidelines that follow will enable you with your publisher in advance. to prepare a manuscript according to the publisher’s requirements and, by so doing, 6.2 Manuscript layout ensure that your book is published as quickly and cost effectively as possible. In preparing a manuscript electronically, The advice is flexible, as authors use you should remember that, unless different equipment and no two producing CRC, this is not the finished manuscripts are the same. You should book. Your electronic file will be discuss any specific queries with your interfaced with typesetting software to individual publisher. produce the final product. Formatting will be removed and the pages set to the publisher’s design, so concentrate on the 6.1 General instructions content and accuracy rather than the Files from any standard PC or Macintosh ‘look’. application are generally acceptable Ð the more up-to-date the better. In addition to ¥ Do not design your material. Files text matter, it is likely that tables, should be as plain as possible, with a illustrations, screen shots and photographs minimal amount of formatting. will also be required. Wherever possible, Design will be applied at typesetting these should also be made available in stage. electronic form. Use a word processor, common spreadsheet package or dedicated ¥ Leave generous margins on the page graphics package. Illustrations may also and use double line spacing be presented as camera-ready copy or as throughout. sketches for redrawing if agreed with your publisher in advance. ¥ Set all of the main text in the same You should always discuss electronic typeface, using a standard point size

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(e.g. 12pt Times Roman). Further layout-critical; that is, its layout must fonts will be introduced at typesetting be reproduced exactly as supplied in stage, to identify headings, captions order to retain meaning. You should and so on, and set in varying sizes. note these cases on a separate sheet. Headings may be set in bold type to distinguish them in your manuscript. 6.3 File construction They should not be centred or underlined. Your electronic file will provide a starting point for typesetting. Page composition ¥ Do not justify the text, but use left will be carried out by a specialist alignment and leave right-hand ends typesetter using specialist software. The ragged. Do not hyphenate (-) words at typesetter normally handles each element the end of a line unless they should of an author’s material separately: text, have a hyphen. illustrations, tables, captions etc. For this reason, you should construct your files in ¥ Use tab indents rather than the space the following manner. bar to position material. ¥ Always supply your material as ¥ Use carriage (hard) returns at the end standard word processing (WP) and of paragraphs only. graphics documents. ¥ Footnotes should be used sparingly, if ¥ Create a new file for each major at all. If they are necessary, the note subdivision of the text: preface, reference should be placed in acknowledgments, each separate superscript in the text, with the note chapter, appendices, and so on. itself placed in a separate section at the end of the chapter. ¥ Name each file meaningfully Ð CHAP1, PREF, APP2 etc. Ð so that ¥ Where uncommon symbols are used in contents of files can be easily the text, provide a separate list of those identified. used, to avoid any chance of ambiguity when typesetting. ¥ Save each illustration as a separate file, logically named (FIG1_1, FIG1_2 ¥ Do not use rules, boxes or tints, except etc.), independent from the main text. within figures. Graphic files that are embedded within text formatting programs (Word, ¥ Do not apply automatic page Excel, PowerPoint etc.) are not stored numbering or running heads. The final as standalone files but become part of print out of the manuscript should be the Word file etc. It is expensive to numbered consecutively by hand. convert these illustrations back to ¥ It may be the case that some material graphic files and your publisher may in the text or illustrations is considered refuse to go through this process.

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Note: certain systems do not allow 6.4 Typographic punctuation within file names, hence conventions the use of the underscore in the above examples ‘1_1’ rather than ‘1.1’. Bold File names should also be restricted ¥ Use bold only for such to 8 characters, e.g. ‘Appendix.doc’, mathematical/coding as convention as older systems may not recognise demands. longer file names. ¥ Used to distinguish headings from general text. ¥ Figure captions should be placed ¥ Not to be used for straight emphasis. several line spaces below each figure. These will be removed at typesetting Italic stage and the caption set within the ¥ Use italics for stress and emphasis, but main text. A separate file showing the in moderation. Note that too much full list of captions should also be italic is tiresome to read and can be provided, clearly marked to show the distracting. corresponding figure number. Underlining ¥ The desired position of each Underlined text is to be avoided. illustration should be flagged as ¥ appropriate within the main text, e.g. ‘Insert Figure 4.9 here’, with a line space above and below. Alternatively, 6.5 Keyboard you may place figures within the text conventions if you find it aids your writing. You must, however, still supply the ¥ A single standard keyboard dash (-) illustration as a separate graphic file will be taken as a hyphen. for use at the typesetting stage. ¥ Em rules—used to indicate a ¥ File size should be limited to a parenthetic pause, as here—should be maximum of 100Kb (approximately keyed using two hyphens together (Ð Ð) 50 double spaced pages). Larger files if the proper symbol is not available should be split and labelled on your system. accordingly. ¥ En rules (Ð) should be used for the ¥ Label each disk submitted with your short dashes between figures or dates, name, the title of the work, the files e.g. 1999Ð2000. If your system does contained, the date, the software and not include this symbol, use hyphens version used, and the file format used instead, with text keyed within code to save the work, e.g. .doc, .wpf, .eps, brackets, e.g. 5<->7 mm, or 1999 .tif etc. <->2000.

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¥ You might need to use symbols 6.6 Illustrations unavailable on your keyboard, such as See also Section 10 for further instructions Greek letters. In these cases, designate on preparing illustrations. a unique @ code (i.e. @a = lower Greek alpha). Alternatively, include the The most important rule to remember full Greek name in square brackets e.g. when incorporating illustrations into your [omega]. Supply a key of codes, electronic manuscript is to follow a including those within square brackets, consistent style for all figures, in order to used for these symbols on a separate present a continuous visual theme to the sheet. reader. The following rules apply: ¥ Artwork created in any of the common ¥ Mathematics may require a full set of PC or Macintosh packages is characters. If you do not have access acceptable, such as CorelDRAW!, to a maths processor and need to Freehand, Illustrator and Photoshop. include a lot of maths, contact your Screenshots should ideally be supplied as both the original file and the bitmap publisher for advice. Do not use a output file (.tif, .eps). If you plan to keyboard x for the multiplication deliver illustrations in a less common symbol. If your word processor does file format, please notify the publisher not have x available use @x. Include in advance. the key to the codes in your separate list. ¥ The minimum resolution for scanning illustrations should be 600 dots per inch (dpi) for halftones and 900 dpi for ¥ Some keyboards do not distinguish line drawings. between opening and closing quotation marks (in type they should appear as ‘ ¥ Illustrations should not be embedded and ’). In this case, use different within the text, but saved as separate characters to distinguish them. Use a graphic files. Embedded graphics can double quote symbol for opening (“) be difficult to extract from the text file and often result in a noticeable and an apostrophe for closing (’), e.g. deterioration in quality of the image. “use this style to distinguish quotation marks’. Include the key to the codes ¥ Illustrations must fit within the text in your separate list. area specified by your publisher. Remember to allow space within this text area for the inclusion of the figure Note: you should always discuss your caption. (For standard IEE books, the keyboard conventions with the individual maximum size of illustrations, publisher prior to starting writing. including caption, is 190mm x 118mm.)

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¥ Text within all illustrations should be greater. Curves within graphs should sized at 8pt. For more complex have a width of at least 1pt. illustrations, it is acceptable to reduce the text size to 7pt. Use Helvetica, ¥ Symbols used to represent data points Arial or a similar sans serif font on graphs should be large enough to throughout. With the exception of show clearly if reduced. The symbols proper nouns and names, all text should be as dissimilar as possible. should be set in lower case. Lettering Standard crosses + and x are always on all illustrations should be acceptable, as is the use of one of the consistent, and in the same font, following: throughout your manuscript. ¥ Hand drawn illustrations should be clear, clean and neat, as it will be ¥ Avoid unnecessary embellishments to redrawn by someone who may have illustrations, such as borders. little understanding of the subject matter. Type labels if necessary, rather 6.7 Screenshots than writing by hand. Illustrations should also be drawn as closely as Screenshots (screen dumps) should be possible to the desired final scale and supplied as separate files. Screenshots are proportion. best supplied as .tif bitmap files. Set the screen resolution to the maximum possible and ensure, wherever possible, Wherever possible, use only black and ¥ that you always grab the same size white when originating your window (1024 x 800 pixels is ideal). illustrations. Other colours and tints Note that the publisher will be unable to will not reproduce well in the final edit these files. printed version, as the illustrations will normally be printed in black and white. If colour illustrations are to be 6.8 Photographs included, electronic files should be You should normally supply standard saved as CMYK, not RGB. monochrome prints for reproduction, unless photographs are to be reproduced ¥ Finished illustrations for direct in colour. Note that where photographs reproduction cannot be reduced or have already been screened, it is enlarged if they contain tints, screened impossible to reproduce them again to the halftones, or screenshots. Please same quality. (Check with a magnifying ensure that the size is suitable for the glass to see if the photograph consists of text area as specified by your dots rather than solid print. Dots publisher. represent a screen.) It is also difficult to alter the size of screened photographs ¥ Line widths should be 0.75pt or without experiencing a loss of quality.

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6.9 Edited and ¥ Ensure that the final printout multiple author corresponds to the text contained within your electronic files. If you manuscripts make last-minute corrections to your Where a book has an editor and multiple disk, mark the changes on the printout contributors, the editor should collate the in red pen. Do not use correction electronic files of all contributors before fluid. delivering the files to the publisher. Include separate lists of any non- He/she should ensure that the files are ¥ standard symbols or codes used in the presented in accordance with the text and any layout-critical material. guidelines laid out in this Section. ¥ Attach hardcopies of any material to 6.10 Delivery be redrawn/reproduced. When delivering your final file you should: ¥ Supply permission details for any copyright material you have included. Provide copies of the electronic files ¥ Remember to keep a security copy of (text, illustrations and captions, saved ¥ all electronic material. as separate files) on high density disks. Pack your disks securely before Label each disk with your name, the ¥ ¥ sending them to the publisher. title of the work, the files contained, the date, the software and version used, and the file format used to save 7. PREPARING the work, e.g. .doc, .wpf, .eps, .tif etc. CAMERA-READY COPY (CRC) Provide two good quality, double ¥ The publisher may, in certain spaced, one sided printouts of all of circumstances, consider printing directly your files. Mark the printout to show from an author’s manuscript. This misses the first page of each file. Please out the typesetting stage completely and remember to leave a large margin for gives the advantage of much greater speed the copy-editor. Number each page of of publication. The reduction of costs for the manuscript consecutively the publisher may lead to a lower retail throughout. Additional pages may be price or even enable the publication of a added by marking them as A, B, C, short print run, specialised monograph and so on, e.g. 127A. Insert the pages which would otherwise not be viable in the correct order and secure the economically. manuscript with an elastic band Ð do not use pins, staples etc. Authors using word processors and high

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quality laser printers can produce CRC read by an independent copy-editor of a very good standard to fulfil the and/or proofreader. The responsibility publisher’s specification. This method for implementing the copy-editor’s and can produce a result close to that of proofreader’s changes to the text falls to books produced by traditional you. It is always advisable to have the typesetting methods. Multiple, text copy-read by someone else prior to inconsistent typefaces that sometimes submission of the CRC, as this can appear in multi-author (edited) books reduce the need for time-consuming can be removed if an editor retypes (or corrections once the CRC has been receives on disk/electronic mail and handed to the publisher. reformats) to a common style. 7.3 House style When the publisher decides to take camera-ready copy (CRC) from an Consistency within the CRC is essential. author, detailed instructions on style, Publishers prefer that books conform to layout, type area etc. will be issued by basic house style conventions. Before the publisher. The notes contained in you start to write, confirm details of this Section are aimed at authors writing layout, language, format etc. with your books, or part thereof, for the IEE, but publisher. Please refer to Section 8 for also give some general guidance generic further details. to most publishers. 7.4 Prelim Pages 7.1 Sample pages It is standard for books to include a The publisher may request submission of preliminary section (prelim pages) prior sample pages at an early stage. This to the first chapter. This section usually enables the publisher to check that the includes pages showing the book title, dimensions and appearance of the CRC copyright information, foreword, are suitable for publication. It also gives contents etc. To distinguish it from the the publisher an opportunity to raise any main chapters, the pages are numbered copy-editing points that may need to be with Roman numerals. A large number brought to your attention. Sample pages of publishers, including the IEE, prefer should include sample prelim and to typeset the first four pages of the endmatter pages, a sample chapter, and prelim pages which include publisher representative examples of tables, figures and copyright details. The first page of and illustrations, diagrams and charts. your CRC will therefore normally start at page v. The responsibility for setting 7.2 Copy-editing and all pages within the prelim pages from page v onwards falls to you. Sample proofreading pages of the prelim pages may be If you choose to submit CRC, the requested by the publisher prior to publisher may arrange for the CRC to be submission.

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7.5 Part titles ¥ a sub-heading at the bottom of a page that is followed by less than three lines If your book is divided into several parts of text; or sections, each part may be identified by ¥ paragraphs ending at the top of a page a title page. This page should always with less than four lines of text. appear as a right-hand (recto) page, followed by a blank left-hand (verso) page. The chapter following a part title 7.8 Extracts and page will therefore also start on a right- quotations hand page. Styles for layout of part titles These should be presented in accordance should be discussed with the individual with the specific requirements of the publisher. publisher.

7.6 Chapters 7.9 Notes and The following should always start on a footnotes right-hand page: Avoid using on-page footnotes unless ¥ the first chapter; absolutely necessary. Notes should be ¥ the first chapter following a part title cited in text as superscript numbers, with page; the descriptive text placed at the end of the first section of the endmatter. each chapter. Notes may also be laid out ¥ as a separate section within the endmatter. You should discuss whether to start all other chapters on recto or verso pages 7.10 Illustrations and with your publisher. tables 7.7 Fitting text on Most publishers will specify the amount of text area that an illustration should fill page on a page. Tables, however, may need to Try to place the same number of lines of be laid out across more than one page. text on each page, so that the text fills the Before compiling your manuscript you entire text area specified by your should work out how much space publisher. The last page of a chapter may illustrations and tables are likely to often be shorter than preceding pages. require. You should also decide whether You should avoid: they would look better presented vertically on the page (portrait, with the shorter ¥ last pages of a chapter than contain dimension at the head and foot of the less than four lines of text; page) or placed horizontally on their side ¥ a sub-heading at the top of a page that (landscape, with a larger width dimension is preceded by less than three lines of than depth). Illustrations/tables set as text; portrait should always be presented so that

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the bottom is nearest to the fore-edge 7.14 Delivery (outside) margin. Remember to allow space within the text area for the caption. If you are producing CRC from a word processing package, the hardcopy should 7.11 Supplying be output from a laserprinter at 600 dots per inch (dpi). To obtain the sharpest illustrations/tables for hardcopy for printing, you should consider paste in the use of high-quality paper such as Mellotex. It may be necessary to supply illustrations for the publisher to paste in to the CRC. In these instances, you should try to 8. HOUSE STYLE ensure that the illustrations/tables are Consistency is essential in all matters of reduced to the appropriate size. They style. Pay particular attention to spellings should also be supplied as PMTs (especially of proper nouns), hyphenation, (photomechanical transfers). If you are punctuation, abbreviations, use of capital unable to supply PMTs, illustrations/tables letters, numerals, dates, measurements, should be as clean and sharp as possible. percentages, quotations, signs and The publisher will then produce reduced symbols, and references. Spellcheckers PMTs as required. Finally, ensure that will ensure that words are correctly spelt, you allow enough space within your CRC but not that words have been used in the for the publisher to paste in the PMTs at correct context. There is no substitute for the correct size. careful proofreading.

7.12 Plate sections and These basic rules of house style should be photographs observed: You should discuss your requirements for Use the ‘s’ rule in spelling, e.g. including photographs and plate sections ¥ ‘isation’ and ‘ising’ rather than with your publisher before you start ‘ization’ and ‘izing’ in such words as writing. The publisher often produces industrialisation and modernising. transparent copies (transparencies) of photographs which are then pasted into the printer’s film. You should allow the ¥ Do not change spellings within appropriate amount of space within your quotations. They should appear as CRC for the photograph to be dropped presented in the original publication. into page. ¥ Use single quotation marks at all times with the following exceptions; double 7.13 Endmatter quotation marks for quotes within Endmatter should be produced within the quotes, single quotation marks for guidelines set out by your publisher. quotes within quotes within quotes.

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¥¥Punctuation of complete sentences Numbers one to ten should be should be within the quotation mark. expressed in words, with 11 upwards Punctuation of a quote forming part of appearing as numerals, unless used in a sentence should be outside the general terms, e.g. one hundred times, quotation marks. about one hundred people (but a total of 1400 electricians). Numerals ¥ Express dates as 17th August 1969, should be used to express ages, dates not August 17th, 1969; 1980s, not and time. Numbers followed by SI 1980’s; 1961Ð64, not 1961Ð4. units should always appear as numerals, separated by a fine space ¥ Abbreviations and acronyms should be where practically applicable. The fine used sparingly. The first mention of space should also be used to separate an acronym should be spelt out in full numbers of four digits or more, rather with the abbreviation in brackets, e.g. than a comma. ‘flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS)’. In ¥ Use SI units throughout (see Section 13). general do not put full stops in acronyms, e.g. IEE, UN, UK, USA, In text, use per cent, with the FET, VHF. The following ¥ preceding number appearing as a abbreviations, however, should contain numeral, e.g. 28 per cent. In tables, full stops: Ed. (Editor), Eds. (Editors) use the % symbol. and Edn. (Edition). Hyphenation should be used sparingly. Keep capital letters to a minimum, ¥ ¥ Authors should ensure that clarity of consistent with common usage and meaning and consistency is not sense. A general rule is to use capital reduced by over-use of hyphenation. letters only to distinguish the specific Examples of words that should include from the general, e.g. ‘Head of hyphenation are ‘non’ words (non- Electronics’ as opposed to ‘he is head event), those ending in ‘like’ (bird- of a department’. like), and those beginning ‘mid’ (mid- summer). ¥ Page numbers should be abridged and indicated as follows, separated by an ¥ Cross references to page numbers en rule: should be avoided, but if they are 48Ð9 (not 48Ð49); 52Ð61; 147Ð9 (not essential show them as ‘(see p.00)’, 147Ð49 or 147Ð149); 149Ð51. and write the correct page number in However, where a ‘teen’ number is pencil in the margin of the manuscript. shown, the page numbers should be written in full, separated by an en rule: ¥ Avoid over use of italicised emphasis, 16Ð17 (not 16Ð7); 213Ð14 (not 213Ð4). text in brackets and parenthetic text Ð

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like this Ð which can interrupt the clear No limits are defined by law as to what flow of your text. constitutes a ‘substantial’ part but, as a guide, permission should be sought if you When writing remember that, above all wish to use: else, clarity and consistency in your text are essential. Be especially vigilant in ¥ a single extract of up to 300 words; maintaining consistency in spelling and ¥ a series of extracts from a single work, style and ensuring that your point, none exceeding 200 words, up to a discussion or argument is clear. total of 1000 words.

The copy-editor will ensure that grammar, An illustration or table is normally spelling, punctuation, styling and the considered to constitute an individual overall clarity of a manuscript are correct. work, for which permission to reproduce However, you should not abdicate all must be obtained, if it is reproduced in its responsibility for this job to him/her. The entirety. Where illustrations are redrawn copy-editor may not be an expert in the or modified, you should seek permission subject matter under discussion and the out of courtesy. author should therefore ensure that technical terminology, references and Your publisher will be able to supply you conventions are correct. with standard forms in order to request permission from original copyright 9. COPYRIGHT holders, and evidence of all necessary PERMISSIONS permissions should be provided with the manuscript. It is your responsibility to See also Section 22. obtain all such permissions.

Whenever it is necessary to incorporate a The use of photographs can often incur substantial extract from another reproduction fees, especially if the publication, whether it be text or an photographs are obtained from a picture illustration, you must obtain permission agency. In almost all cases formal from the copyright holder before permission to reproduce photographs submitting your own work to a publisher. should be sought. When you supply photographs you must indicate the name The copyright holder may have assigned and address of their source and inform the the copyright to another party, such as the publisher whether permission has been publisher, in which case you must obtain obtained. On no account should you the permission of the third party. It is also commit the publisher to payment of a a matter of courtesy to ask permission of reproduction fee without prior agreement. the original author. This applies to your own published material for which you no Acknowledgments for reproducing text, longer hold copyright. illustrations and photographs should

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always be given. For textual permissions, Illustrations may be provided as hardcopy this usually appears within the CRC, for use ‘as is’, or, if agreed with the acknowledgments section of the prelim publisher in advance, as sketches for pages. For illustrations and photographs, redrawing by a graphic artist. With the the acknowledgment should appear as part advance of modern computers, of the caption beneath the figure, as well illustrations may also be prepared as within any list of illustrations in the electronically (see Section 6.6). prelim pages. If you have simply not been Regardless of the manner in which you able to locate the copyright holder, a short deliver illustrations, all figures should be paragraph should be added to the carefully numbered and submitted with acknowledgments section in the prelim the final manuscript. Each figure should pages stating, for example, ‘Every effort be on a separate A4 sheet, with all labels has been made to seek permission for use clearly written or, if necessary, typed. A of copyrighted material. In some cases it full list of figure captions should be has not been possible to locate the supplied on a separate sheet. copyright holder.’ You should inform the publisher of any such cases prior to In preparing illustrations ensure that: delivery of the final manuscript. ¥ Line drawings are produced in black 10. ILLUSTRATIONS ink so that a graphic artist can reproduce them accurately. Note that 10.1 Line drawings figures will not be interpreted, so and halftones ensure that scale and proportions are correct in the original. There are two forms of illustrations: ¥ Spellings are consistent throughout and match the corresponding text in Line drawings the manuscript. ¥ Maps, graphs, diagrams, sketches, ¥ Hand drawn artwork for use directly as charts etc.; CRC is clean and neat, and flagged for ¥ Drawn with lines, dots, hatching etc.; position in the main text. Artwork, ¥ Are black and white only, no gradation including the caption, should be drawn of tone. as close to its desired final size as possible, to a maximum of the Halftones available text area. (In books published by the IEE this is 180mm x ¥ Photographs, transparencies, painted 118mm.) and airbrushed artworks; ¥ Contain gradations of tone rather than ¥ Finished artwork for direct line strokes. reproduction is correctly sized for the

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page design. Please note that it is not can sometimes be achieved by working possible to reduce or enlarge figures from these. Indicate the number of the containing tint sections, or screened photograph on an overlay sheet, in the halftones, including screenshots. margin, or on the back of the photograph using soft pencil. Under no circumstances ¥ The illustrations are numbered should you mark photographs with ink. If consecutively throughout the paper or the photograph requires editing, mark up a each chapter of the book; e.g. Fig. 4.9 good photocopy, showing any text to be will refer to the ninth figure in chapter added or areas of the picture which should four. You should also indicate the be omitted. Take great care not to mark position of illustrations within the the surface of the photograph by the manuscript; e.g. ‘Insert Figure 4.9 impression of a pen or pencil used on an here’. Always leave a line space above and below the instruction. overlay sheet, as this will seriously impair reproduction. As with other illustrations, ¥ If a list of illustrations is to appear in the position of photographs should be the preliminary pages of the book, you noted in the text, and they should be should present this as a separate list, accompanied by a separate list of captions. placed in the correct position within Photographs are classed as illustrations, so the prelim pages (see Section 4.4). should be numbered in the same manner as any other figures included. Where possible, illustrations will be positioned within the text as indicated by 11. TABLES the author. However, it is sometimes necessary to position the figures elsewhere Tables consist of rows and columns of and, in the case of halftones, publishers data. Lists and blocks of text should not may occasionally place the figures in be called tables. For manuscripts which separate sections from the main text. contain tables the following rules should Halftones may be printed on different be applied: paper from the main text and, for technical reasons, placed together in a plate section. ¥ Tables of over five lines should be A list of plates should then be included in collected together and submitted on the prelim pages, placed after the main list separate sheets, placed at the back of of illustrations. the final text manuscript, with their required positions noted in the text. 10.2 Photographs For photographic illustrations, you should ¥ When preparing tables, present them supply either colour transparencies or the clearly, with any decimal points original high-resolution black and white vertically aligned. Avoid using prints with a good range of tone contrasts. vertical lines between columns. If negatives are available a better result Horizontal lines are acceptable.

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¥ The title should be given at the head of manuscript, marked for position. If the table, with the source and footnotes longhand is used, it is necessary to (if appropriate) placed immediately differentiate clearly between upper and below the table. lower case and Greek letters (e.g. K, k, kappa). Confusion can easily occur, for ¥ Number tables consecutively example, between superior zero o and the throughout a paper or throughout each degree symbol û and between angle and chapter of the book. less than <. Subscripts can also cause confusion, e.g. ‘oh’ and zero, I and ¥ References to tables in the main text numeral one, and capital and lower case C. should refer to the table number. Do not use phrases such as ‘see table on Avoid using mathematical and chemical page 5’ or ‘see table above/below’. formulae in headings and sub-headings; the typesetter may be unable to set these ¥ If you want a list of tables to appear in in the specified typesize. Prepare a list of the preliminary pages of a book, this symbols for reference by the copy-editor should be presented as a separate list and typesetter, identifying each symbol. and placed after the list of illustrations. Some traditional notations are very ¥ Note that any table not compiled by cumbersome, and should be avoided if the author may require permission for they occur in quantity. Typical examples use. are: 12. MATHEMATICS, A for a vector; preferably use A in MATHEMATICAL bold type NOTATION & SPECIAL ABC for an angle; use ABC

CHARACTERS √ 1 √ a + b ; use (a+b) or (a+b) /2 Equations and formulae should be e(a2+b2); use exp (a2+b2) presented very clearly, leaving plenty of space above and below for the editor to Alternative notations are often available. mark instructions to the typesetter. Please The important point is to avoid symbols number equations within chapters, that require elaborate vertical building as, enclosed in parentheses, e.g. (2.28). For in the typesetting, this can lead to complicated mathematical expressions, difficulties in line spacing. and especially if your typewriter or word processor does not offer mathematical You may also need to incorporate a special notation, legible handwriting may be the character, other than mathematical, within best option. Longhand mathematics may the manuscript. In these cases, the be written directly onto the manuscript or character should be added to the provided on separate sheets within the text manuscript at the appropriate point, written

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by hand in black ink. A full list of all 14. GREEK ALPHABET special characters added in this way should be supplied on a separate A4 sheet. This Letter Upper case Lower case page will not be typeset but is used for Αα reference by the copy-editor and typesetter. ALPHA BETA Ββ Γγ 13. UNITS GAMMA DELTA ∆δ SI units should be used. It may be EPSILON Εε convenient, however, to give imperial ZETA Ζζ equivalents in parentheses when the SI ETA Ηη unit is merely a direct translation of a THETA Θθ simple imperial unit. IOTA Ιι KAPPA Κκ For example: LAMBDA Λλ MU Μµ 1 A cable of 57.15 mm (2 /4 in) diameter NU Νν was used. XI Ξξ OMICRON Οο If available, a fine space should separate PI Ππ the figures and the unit. If unavailable, RHO Ρρ use a full space. SIGMA Σς σ TAU Ττ Thus: 6.3V UPSILON Υυ PHI Φφ Care should be taken to use the correct SI CHI Χχ unit symbols. PSI Ψψ OMEGA Ωω Thus: s for seconds (not sec) V for volts (not v) 15. REFERENCES AND k for kilo (not K) BIBLIOGRAPHIES kg (not kgs or Kgs) h (not hr or hrs) The two principal systems of referencing mm (not mms) are the numerical index system and the Harvard system. The methods are Wherever possible, use negative discussed in depth in the following superscripts to convey units, e.g. ms-2 as Section. The referencing system to be opposed to the ‘solidus’ equivalent, m/s2. adopted depends on the nature of the material and the preferences of the author. Further information on SI units can be obtained from the IEE Guide, Units and In a book, the references may be listed at Symbols for Electrical and Electronic the end of a chapter or, where there are Engineering. many references common to several

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chapters, at the end of the book as a the style for presenting these references. separate chapter. Note the use of italic, punctuation and methods of abbreviation. Titles of books or papers printed in foreign languages using the Roman alphabet 1. A book by a single author should not be translated into English; languages not using the Roman alphabet SIHVOLA, A.: ‘Electromagnetic should be transliterated into their Roman mixing formulas and applications’ equivalent, to avoid difficulties in (The Institution of Electrical typesetting. Engineers, London, 1999)

It is important that each cited reference is 2. A book by multiple authors consistent and complete. Incomplete references will be returned to the author ROZZI, T., and FARINA, M.: for completion and may be omitted from ‘Advanced electromagnetic analysis of the final manuscript. passive and active planar structures’ (The Institution of Electrical 15.1 The numerical Engineers, London, 1999) index system 3. An edited (multiple authored) book This is the system of referencing generally used in engineering journals and books. It RYAN, H. (Ed.): ‘High voltage has the advantage of saving space and engineering and testing’ (The maintaining clarity of text, particularly Institution of Electrical Engineers, where there are a great number of nd references. The references are cited in the London, 2001, 2 edn.) text as consecutive numbers (usually within each chapter) enclosed in 4. A chapter/article in an edited book parentheses, and do not necessarily mention the author’s name. The reference STRICKER, C.: ‘Evaluating effort is cited in the text as: prediction systems’, in FENTON, R. (Ed.): ‘Software quality measurement ‘… as stated by Hodgson [4] …’ and assurance’ (Technical Press, ¥ London, 1995) pp. 127Ð51 ¥ ‘… evolved during the 19th century [5], a century …’ 5. An article in a journal

‘… the full proof is given in [6] …’ GENET, A., JENNINGS, K., and ¥ ZAMICK, J.: ‘Towards improving The full references are listed in numerical parallel processing efficiency’, Journal order at the end of the chapter/book/ of Commercial Computing, 1994, 15, article. The examples which follow show (7), pp. 1585Ð98

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6. A conference paper ¥ ‘… It has been shown (Smith and Jones, 1992; Brown et al., 1995) that BINGULAC, S. P., and FARIAS, …’ M. A. C.: ‘Identification and minimal realization of multivariable systems’. Where there is more than one reference Proceedings of IFAC conference on published in the same year, they should be Multivariable technical systems, cited alphabetically as well as Montreal, Canada, 1977, pp. 373Ð7 chronologically: 7. A report, memorandum, patent etc. ¥ ‘… It has been shown (Jones et al., AUSTEN, A. E. W., and 1992; Brown et al., 1995; Smith, WHITEHEAD, S.: ‘Currents in thin 1995) that …’ dielectrics’. ERA report L/T 96, 1996 For references published in the same year All authors of each work should be listed, and with the same surname, the references up to a maximum of six. If there are more should be ordered according to the than six authors, only the names of the number of authors: first three authors should appear, followed by et al. ¥ ‘… It has been shown (Jones, 1995; Jones and Smith, 1995; Jones et al., 15.2 The Harvard 1995) that …’ system This is also known as the name-and-date The full references are listed system. References are indicated in the alphabetically by author at the end of the text by the author’s surname and the year chapter/book/article using the same style of publication, in parentheses: as in the numerical index system. Where the authors of two entries have the same ‘… Jones (1995) has proposed …’ surname, the entries should be further ¥ ordered alphabetically according to ¥ ‘… It has been shown (Jones, 1995) initials, and then chronologically. When that …’ more than one reference to a given author has the same year of publication, the Citations in the text to a work by more references are distinguished in both the than two authors should use the first name text and the list of references by the letters followed by et al. Where more than one a, b, c etc. after the date: reference is contained within a citation, references should be presented in JEUNHOMME, L.: ‘Wavelength chronological order, separated by a dependence of model dispersion in semicolon: graded index optical fibres’, Electronics Letters, 1978b, 14, pp. ¥ ‘… Jones et al. (1995) proposed …’ 364Ð6

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15.3 Bibliographies prepare for the task of compilation by highlighting relevant terms that you may A bibliography is a list of publications wish to include in your copy of the relating to the work cited in the text but typescript. A list of terms (word list), given for further reading. These should be arranged in the order in which they fall listed alphabetically at the end of the chapter by chapter, can then be compiled, chapter/book/paper, following the same either by computer or by hand. On receipt referencing style as the numerical index of page proofs, the word list can be used system. to compile a full index by inserting the relevant page number against each entry 16. INDEXES on your list and then cross-referencing to A useful guide to compiling an index is expand the list until it forms a complete Nancy C Mulvany, Indexing Books. index. When you are satisfied that the Further guidance on how to set out an index is complete, place the terms into index will also be available from your alphabetical order. publisher. You are advised not to index your original 16.1 Choosing index word processing files electronically, as the index terms generated by the word terms processing software will not be retained at Choosing the terms to include in an index the typesetting stage, when much of the can be difficult. Ask yourself the text formatting will be removed by the following questions: typesetting software. ¥ Is this entry the term readers are likely 16.3 Presentation of to look up? If there is an alternative, copy consider whether you should use it instead, or as a cross-reference. If you are preparing your own index, the ¥ Is this entry helpful to the reader? publisher will normally expect to receive Is the entry necessary and relevant? the final index on disk (labelled clearly ¥ with details of the hardware and software Answering these questions before you used), accompanied by a hardcopy start to compile the index will help you to printout, double-spaced on single-sided A4 keep the index concise and avoid the paper, in single column format. If you are indexing of passing mentions. unable to supply a disk, the manuscript should be presented in the same way as 16.2 Preparing to the hardcopy printout described here.

compile an index Index typescripts prepared by the author An index to a book should be prepared will be copy-edited, designed and, after from the page proofs. However, you can typesetting, proofread.

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16.4 Punctuality and across all pages referred to. conciseness ¥ Where there is more than one page It is important to compile the index reference for an entry, place a comma punctually and submit it within the time and a single space after each reference, given by the publisher. Failure to do so e.g. 45, 54, 97Ð8, 102. may result in delay in publication of the book. If the publisher has given a limit ¥ Authors’ initials should be punctuated for the number of entries, do not exceed as follows: Churchill, W. L. S. not this number. The figure provided will Churchill, W.L.S. or Churchill, W L S. relate directly to the number of pages available in the typeset pages. 16.6 Order of entries 16.5 General rules Entries should be sorted alphabetically by the first word of the entry. Normally these Some basic points to remember when words are nouns or names, rather than compiling an index: adjectives or verbs. Prepositions (at, in etc.) should be ignored. Entries are then Entries should begin with lower case ¥ further sorted alphabetically by letter, until initial letters with the exception of the first punctuation mark. Abbreviated proper nouns or names. words, such as Mc and St, should be treated as though spelt in full: Mac, Saint. ¥ Entries should be separated from the first page reference by a double space. absorption spectroscopy No punctuation should be used, just the double space, e.g. electricity 45, acceptance angle 54, 97Ð8, 102. accuracy air quality monitoring ¥ Page numbers should be abridged and Allen variance indicated as follows, separated by an Allsop, D. W. E. en rule: ambient conditions 48Ð9 (not 48Ð49); 52Ð61; 147Ð9 (not ambient light detection 147Ð49 or 147Ð149); 149Ð51. However, where a ‘teen’ number is Groups of letters, such as acronyms shown, the page numbers should be (e.g. CMOS), should be ordered as a written in full, separated by an en rule: series of single letters: 16Ð17 (not 16Ð7); 213Ð14 (not 213Ð4). civil engineering ¥ Do not use ‘ff’ (‘following’) but give Clark cell exact page references. Clausius-Mossotti relation CMOS technology ¥ Indicate a range of page numbers only coherence length when there is a connected reference coherence surface area

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Alphabetical groups should be separated 16.8 Proper names by one line space. You should ensure that spelling and accents for terms used in the References to proper names should appear index match those in the main text. as main entries, not as sub-entries:

16.7 Sub-entries Faraday, M. 328 Faraday’s law 401, 421 Entries containing more than six page references, or spanning more than nine Names of individuals should be indexed consecutive pages in the text, should be under the first letter of the surname. broken down into sub-entries. Authors Institutions, Acts of Parliament, book titles should avoid excessive sub-entries; there etc. should be indexed according to the should not be a sub-entry for every page first word: number. Faraday, Michael If the main entry has no page references, Michael Faraday House the first sub-entry should appear on the line below, indented to show it is a sub-entry: Index compound names of individuals under the first part of the surname, energy whether hyphenated or not. Surnames conservation of 11, 13 which include a preposition (van, de, Von) dissipation 48, 51, 77 should be indexed according to capitalisation of the preposition: If there are secondary levels of sub-entries (sub-sub-entries), these start on a new line Von Trapp, G. and are indented twice: Trapp, G. von

deconvolution 120, 127, 176 16.9 Cross-referencing adaptive 146, 165 constrained 147, 166 This is a useful tool and may be used in frequency domain 152, 170 extensively to help readers trace their in time domain 154, 173 exact requirements within the index Entries should not go beyond sub-sub- structure. entry as shown above. If an entry is purely a cross-reference, the If an entry or sub-entry is longer than one heading is followed by a colon and the line, increase the indentation of secondary word ‘see’ in italicised text: lines beyond the start of other sub-entries, to distinguish between the two. sensitivity: see tolerances

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There is no cross-reference back to ¥ Copies of all the electronic files (text, ‘sensitivity’ under the entry for figures, captions) on high density disks ‘tolerances’: (CDs or 100Mb Zip discs may also be used), fully labelled. Ensure that the tolerances text on the disks matches exactly that fabrication 16Ð21, 62, 64 contained within your manuscript. grating fabrication 348Ð9 Provide the publisher with details about what your disk contains and the word ‘see also’, set in italicised text, should be processing package you have used. used only for additional information for the reader: ¥ Hardcopies of any illustrations or diagrammatic material to be analog fabrication 71Ð6, 77 redrawn/reproduced. preshaped resist 72, 73Ð4 see also continuous-relief micro ¥ A listing of any layout-critical material optics and a key to any codes you have used. ¥ Copyright permissions for all relevant 17. DELIVERING YOUR text and illustrations to be reproduced. MANUSCRIPT The material you deliver for copy-editing ¥ A listing of any trademark material that should be considered final and complete. is to be specifically acknowledged in Further significant revisions or additions the prelim pages of the book. to the text from the delivery stage onwards will be both time consuming and costly. Remember to keep a copy of your manuscript and all other material that you You should therefore ensure that you are deliver to the publisher. absolutely satisfied with your material before final delivery. 18. CONCLUSION You should provide: No publication of this type can hope to be exhaustive. As an author, any doubts that ¥ Two good-quality, double-line spaced, you have about the presentation of work one-sided hardcopies of your should be raised at the earliest opportunity manuscript, figures, tables and with your publisher. captions. One copy should be the This Guide has concentrated on the original, the second a photocopy. requirements and standards of IEE Remember to leave a good margin for books. Although there are certain the copy-editor. Bind the pages with differences in the requirements for books an elastic band, or loose in a file. Each and periodicals, these guidelines will page of the manuscript should be stand you in good stead for writing for numbered by hand. any type of publication. A well-

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presented manuscript, prepared in Units and Symbols for Electrical and accordance with the advice given in this Electronic Engineering Guide, is likely to need only minor (The Institution of Electrical Engineers, changes to meet the requirements of 1997) another publisher. Writers’ & Artists’ Yearbook 2000 Whether you are the author of a book, (A & C Black, 1999) article, or chapter of a work, the same basic principles apply. If you can British Standards provide the publisher with a clean, well BS 1219: organised and carefully laid-out Recommendations for preparation of manuscript, the chances of your work mathematical copy and correction of being produced efficiently and swiftly, mathematical proofs. and looking its best when printed, will be greatly increased. BS 3939: Graphical symbols for electrical power, 19. SOURCES OF telecommunications and electronics REFERENCE diagrams.

The following publications are useful BS 5775: sources of reference. Specification for quantities, units and symbols. Copy-Editing Third Edition Judith Butcher (Cambridge University 20. IEE PUBLICATIONS Press, 1992) AND INFORMATION SERVICES Hart’s Rules Ð for Compositors and Readers The IEE publishes a wide range of Thirty-ninth Edition journals, books and other publications and (Oxford University Press, 1983) information services.

Indexing Books 20.1 Books Nancy C Mulvany (University of Chicago, These are primarily aimed at a 1994) professional or postgraduate level of readership. They are grouped in series The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and according to the subject matter. For each Editors series there is at least one Series Editor, a (Oxford University Press, 1981) qualified engineer and/or academic who seeks suitable authors among his/her peers Technical Report Writing and assists in reviewing and editing (The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1999) manuscripts prior to publication.

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Although the majority of the IEE’s books 20.3 Electronics are commissioned through the Series Letters Editors, the IEE Publishing Department also directly receives new manuscripts or Electronics Letters is a fortnightly journal suggestions and considers books for of world repute containing short papers 1 publication. (1 /2 pages maximum Ð 83 column cm) of high technical significance. Publication is very fast and authors are not given an An author expressing a wish to write a opportunity to revise their manuscripts book will usually be asked to provide a after referees’ assessments nor to correct synopsis, and perhaps a sample chapter, to proofs. Consequently, a high proportion enable the Series Editor(s) to consider the of successful papers are published within technical merit of the book and discuss eight weeks of receipt. with the IEE whether the book should be commissioned. Online electronic versions of both IEE Proceedings and Electronics Letters are 20.2 IEE Proceedings also available, in parallel with the printed publications. These offer subscribers the This is the established learned journal of potential to access published articles more the IEE, containing research papers of quickly as well as the ability to search for archival quality. The IEE Proceedings keywords throughout the articles. consists of 12 titles; each title covers a specialist area and is effectively a separate 20.4 Magazines and journal. newspapers Every paper submitted to the IEE All IEE members receive the following Proceedings is sent to independent publications as part of their membership referees for technical assessment before benefit package: the Honorary Editors of the title concerned decide on the suitability of the paper for IEE News* publication. Usually, when a paper is The monthly newspaper sent to all IEE accepted, it is returned to the author for members, providing them with regular amendment in light of the referees’ information on IEE activities and matters, comments. as well as current news concerning the electrical/electronics industry. After the final manuscript has been submitted and set in type, the author IEE Recruitment* receives a set of page proofs for correction. Section 2.6 describes how A fortnightly newspaper containing proofs should be checked and marked. recruitment advertisements and included

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as a supplement with IEE News/IEE ¥ IEE Scholarships, Prizes, Premiums, Review. Honoraria & Awards for Achievement ¥ Members Services IEE Review* ¥ Personal Stamp Order Form ¥ Promotion and Site Boards A bi-monthly magazine containing news ¥ Safety-Related Systems, Guidance for about the industry and review articles in the Engineer (1995) (A4) different areas of engineering technology ¥ Beginner’s Guide to the Internet; at a level which appeals to all IEE ¥ Choosing Your First Job? Code of Professional Conduct members (issued free to all members). ¥ ¥ Consultancy ¥ Direct Professional Access to 20.5 Engineering Barristers and Advocates for Corporate Journals* Members of the IEE ¥ Effective Presentations These six bi-monthly international ¥ Guide for Authors journals are published for members and ¥ Health and Safety other practising engineers and managers. ¥ Living in France The journals are highly illustrated and ¥ Living in Germany review topical aspects of engineering as ¥ Optimising Job Search Techniques well as new items. IEE members are ¥ Redundancy entitled to receive one title free as part of ¥ Retirement their membership benefit package. The ¥ Technical Report Writing six titles comprise: ¥ Units and Symbols for Electrical and Electronic Engineering ¥ Computing & Control Engineering ¥ Working Outside the UK Journal ¥ Electronics & Communication 20.7 Other Engineering Journal publications and ¥ Engineering Management Journal information services ¥ Engineering Science and Education Journal from the IEE ¥ Manufacturing Engineer ¥ Electronics Education* Ð for science ¥ Power Engineering Journal and technology teachers ¥ INSPEC bibliographic information 20.6 IEE Guide series services (available electronically and in print) The IEE publishes a series of A5 guides, ¥ IEE Conference Proceedings and containing information and advice on a Colloquium Digests range of subjects. The titles in this series ¥ IEE Wiring Regulations/BS 7671 currently comprise: ¥ Public Affairs Board Reports

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¥ IEE Distance Learning Courses recorded. Thus any work by an author is ¥ Publications and Information Services automatically protected by copyright as Catalogue* soon as it is written; no registration ¥ Video Library process is required and nor is any ¥ Industrial Affiliates Newsletter* statement necessary in the work (although ¥ Accredited Degree Courses and Entry the usual convention is Copyright ©: Requirements* copyright holder, date). * denotes no charge to IEE members The term of copyright in UK law is the lifetime of the author plus 70 years. 21. IEE JOURNALS – Authors will generally own the copyright AUTHOR GUIDES of their own work unless it is written as Guides for authors writing for IEE part of, or related to, their employment, or journals vary from publication to under contract to a third party, in which publication. Authors should contact the case it is likely to be owned by the IEE staff of the relevant journal for full employer/third party. Authors should instructions. Alternatively, full details on consult their contract of employment as journals and their author requirements can ownership of intellectual property is often be found on the IEE website: specified and many exceptions to the above generalisation exist (notably in http://www.iee.org.uk/publish/journals/ education). Although copyright law is magnews national, most countries have signed http://www.iee.org.uk/publish/journals/ reciprocal agreements so that protection is profjrnl international (with few exceptions). Please refer to the instructions covering the specific journal to which you wish to In many cases the publisher will ask you submit your article. to assign the copyright in the work to the publisher, in return for a fee or royalty, 22. COPYRIGHT LAW and this should always be specified in any agreement for publication. The author See also Section 9. will generally retain many subsidiary rights, including the moral right always to The law applying to most intellectual be identified as the author of the work. property, including copyright, in the UK is the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act There are certain benefits in the publisher 1988. You should ensure that you are owning the copyright, not the least of familiar with the basics of this Act. which is that the publisher is more readily Copyright subsists automatically in any identifiable and can be reached by other creative work (published or unpublished), parties who may wish to (pay to) license where a work is written, spoken or rights to use the work in other ways.

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23. PUBLISHING AND Appendix THE INTERNET Supplementary matter following the final page of the main text in a book and Whereas this Guide is concerned with the preceding the index. publishing of books and, to a lesser degree, journals, it is worth mentioning Arabic numerals that publishers are increasingly looking at The numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, as ways in which they can expand their distinct from Roman numerals i, ii, iii, iv readership via the Internet. The term etc. ‘publishing on the Internet’ is used to describe a multitude of methods, from Asterisk using simple PDF and HTML files to the The symbol * used as a reference mark in online presentation of highly structured the text and as the first of several symbols data formats, and from self-publication by for footnotes. authors to expansive websites produced by publishers. All authors should be aware of Author’s corrections the latest developments in this field and Author’s proof corrections that constitute should, if appropriate, discuss the changes from the typescript, as distinct possibilities of Internet publishing with from typesetter’s or printer’s errors. their publisher. Back margin 24. GLOSSARY OF The margin of a page nearest to the spine TERMS of the book/journal. Abstract Bibliography A short résumé of an article in either a A list of publications on a selected subject; book or journal which highlights the main the list of references at the end of a book points of the subject matter. or a chapter, citing the literature consulted Acknowledgments by the author or recommended for study. An author’s statement listing and giving thanks to organisations or persons who Bleed have supplied assistance or material for Text or illustrations extending to the the preparation of the book. The trimmed edge of a page. Matter which is statement may appear as a separate section to bleed needs to be prepared with an of the prelim pages, in the preface or as allowance, usually an additional 3mm, to footnotes to pages where excerpts appear. be cut off when the page is trimmed.

Align Blurb To arrange in a straight line, such things as A brief description of a book, particularly several lines of type, edges of the copy printed on the back cover or blocks/diagrams, headings with text etc. jacket.

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Bold Casting off A typeface that is heavy and black, Estimating the extent in print of a generally used to distinguish headings and particular piece of copy if set in a given symbols from surrounding type. It is typeface and size within a given area. contrasted with Roman (q.v.) that is generally used for the body of the text. Character This is bold. Any letter, number, symbol or mark of punctuation. In counting characters in a Box line of typesetting, the spaces between An arrangement of rules forming a square words are included in characters. or rectangular section to set off a self- contained unit of copy, e.g. tables. Clean proof Proof with few corrections; proof pages Brace printed after all corrections have been The type characters { } which may appear incorporated in the text. vertically or horizontally to combine items that are equivalent or simultaneous. CMYK The four process colours Ð cyan, magenta, Brackets yellow, and key (black). Any of the type characters ( ), [ ], used in pairs to enclose interpolated or extraneous Colophon text. The characters [ ] are sometimes also A printer’s or publisher’s symbol or known as square brackets. See emblem, used on the title page, spine, Parentheses. jacket etc. Bullet Contents Typesetting term used to describe a large Section in the prelim pages (q.v.) of a dot which identifies lists, terms of interest book, listing chapters and (if applicable) etc. parts, sections and important subheadings, together with their page numbers. Camera-ready copy (CRC) Author’s text or other material used Copy directly for printing. Script from which type is set, or illustrations from which reproductions are Caps made for printing; the material to be An abbreviated form of the word copied in the process of printing. ‘capitals’, used to identify letters such as A, B, C, D etc. Credit line A line of type acknowledging the source Caption of an illustration, usually set directly The title or descriptive text accompanying below the illustrations or with its legend. an illustration. See Legend. Also called a courtesy line.

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Cross-reference En A direction to a reader to refer to related The measure of the width of a capital N; matter elsewhere in the book. about half of an em.

Desk-top publishing (DTP) En rule Production of a document using a A short dash, one en in length, as Ð, such microcomputer-based graphics and text as that used in ranges in place of the word processing package. DTP systems are ‘to’, e.g. 1945–1948. effectively typesetting systems, with proofs usually output to a laser printer. Endmatter Modern DTP systems are generally Text that appears at the end of the book, capable of the digital transfer of data to a after the main chapters. phototypesetting device for output at higher definition. End paper A folded sheet of paper at the beginning or Drop end of a book, half of which is pasted as a A measured distance below the top page lining against the inside face of the margin establishing the position of chapter binding, and the other half of which forms openings and the like. a flyleaf. End papers may be blank or printed with a pattern or illustration. Dummy A sample book, usually consisting of Errata blank pages, made up to show the size, A list of errors discovered after the book binding, quality of paper etc. for a projected book. has gone to press, bound in or inserted as a separate sheet to show the corrections. Edition All copies of a book published in Extent substantially the same form. See also The total number of pages in a Impression. publication.

Em Extract The measure equal to the width of a An excerpt quoted from another work, capital M; the measure used in casting off often set in smaller type than surrounding or estimating the length of typescript. text, indented, or separated from preceding and following material by space. Em rule A dash one em in length, as —, the regular ff dash in punctuation. An abbreviation meaning ‘following’.

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Fine space Four-colour process A space deliberately arranged to be less A method of reproducing illustrations in than the usual word space, typically used full colour with a wide range of graduated to separate numbers (10 000) or numbers tones and colours. By photographing the followed by a unit symbol (10 V); the fine original through colour filters, the original space is not expanded with the other colours are separated so that they can be spaces when a short line is justified. printed from four plates, using the four standard colours of cyan, magenta, yellow Folio and black (CMYK). In successive runs 1. A page number; Page 1 and all odd through the press, the four colours, one for numbers are always on right-hand each plate, are combined at varying pages, Page 2 and all even numbers on intensities to reproduce the range of tones left-hand pages. of the original. 2. To number the pages of typescript or type. Galley proof 3. A half-size sheet of paper of any The first set of proofs in the typesetting standard size. process, where the text has been laid out but full page layout has not yet been Fore-edge margin implemented; galley proofs do not usually The margin of a page nearest to the outer include illustrations. edge, opposite the spine of the book/journal. Half title The title, sometimes in abbreviated form, Footnote appearing on the first printed page of a A note of explanation at the foot of a page book, preceding the full title page. or table. Footnotes are referred to in the text by reference marks or superior Halftone numbers and are usually set in smaller A photo-engraved plate or printed type than the text. illustration in which a range of solid tones is reproduced by a pattern of dots, more or Foreword less concentrated according to the degree A preface, usually a statement by someone of darkness of the original tones. The dots other than the author or editor. are produced by photographing the original copy through a screen and then Format transferring the screened image to a The whole physical form of a book, sensitised metal plate. including its dimensions, page design, typeface etc. Head or Heading A title or caption standing at the head of a Fount (or font) chapter, section, column, list, table etc. It The complete assortment of characters of may be centred, flush with one side, or one typeface in one size. indented to align with other page

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elements. The hierarchy of the heading in Index the layout of the book is usually A list of all important subjects treated in a established by its typeface and position so book, arranged in alphabetical order and that a visual outline of the importance of accompanied by the page numbers on the topics is presented. which the subjects occur. It is placed at the end of the book. Headline The title at the top of a page. Also known Inferior character (subscript) Any character (letter, number, symbol etc.) as the running head. of a size smaller than the surrounding text size, aligning lower than the text type line. HTML It is specified for the printer by the HyperText Markup Language. The enclosing the character e.g. . language used to create documents for 2 publication within web pages. Italic A slanting type face. This is italic. To Impression direct the typesetter to set a word or A printing; all the copies made in one character in italic, a single underline is press run. An edition (q.v.) may have used in the manuscript; in proof the line is several impressions run off at different drawn under the correct word or character times from the same plates, as the stock of with the notation in the margin. the book is exhausted. Jacket Imprint The separate paper dust-wrapper covering 1. Publication data, including the the binding of a book, usually bearing the publisher’s name and address and, title and author’s and publisher’s names usually, the date of publication. This and usually designed to attract attention information is normally shown on the and to convey a sales message. reverse of the title page, commonly Justify known as the imprint page. To space out a line or lines of type to a 2. The publisher’s name on the spine of given measure. the book. 3. The name of the printer appearing on Legend any printed matter. The title or descriptive matter for an illustration; usually in a different style Indentation type from the text and set directly under To set type in from the margin. The first the illustration. word of a paragraph is usually indented; extracts may be indented from both Line drawing margins. A drawing executed in clean-cut lines or

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strokes, without intermediate tones, so that Monograph it is reproducible by standard printing Scholarly publication on a specialist processes. subject.

Lower case Overlay Small letters of the alphabet, as 1. A transparent sheet of paper or film distinguished from capitals or small caps. fastened over illustration copy and marked with instructions for masking Marginal note colour breaks, block making, and the 1. A proof correction marked in the like. margin. 2. A similar sheet on which corrections 2. Any type matter that is placed in the can be marked over type proofs for page margin outside the general type photographic reproductions. area. Overprint Margins To print upon previously printed matter. The blank border of a page, usually narrowest at the head (the top) and the Page proof back (the bound edge), wider at the fore- Normally a second set of proofs in the edge (the unbound edge), and widest at production of a book, supplied after page the tail or foot (the bottom) of the page. make-up. In it the galley corrections are incorporated, illustrations appear, and Mask cross-references can be supplied; the index To cut off or cover part of a picture for is made from page proofs. reproduction purposes. It may be done to lessen the reduction necessary to fit the Parentheses page or to eliminate unwanted areas of the Round brackets ( ) used for inserting a illustration etc. word, clause or sentence into a passage independently of grammatical sequence. Measure See also Brackets. The width of type lines across the page, specified in mm, point size or, Part title traditionally, in picas. The title of one of the main divisions of a book, often set on a separate, right-hand Mono(chrome) page with a blank verso. Term used to describe originals or reproductions printed in black only, rather Paste up than as multicolour. Also referred to as A rough layout to show the relative black and white. positions of text and illustrations.

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PDF illustrations etc. The sequence sometimes Portable Document Format. An electronic varies with different publishers. The method of transferring data between pages are usually numbered with lower different computers. PDF files retain all case Roman numerals. formatting, pagination, illustrations and colours, regardless of the end use. Proof A sample impression taken from any Pica material to be printed and submitted for A printer’s unit of measure, approximately approval. Normally the author reads 1/6 inch, used for designating width and galley and page proofs. A revised proof length of columns, pages, rules etc. It is may be ordered at any stage to show equal to 12 points. corrections.

PMT Proofreading Photomechanical transfer. A paper A careful examination of type proofs to negative which, when processed by eliminate errors. chemical transfer, produces a positive print. Recto A right-hand, odd numbered page. Point The smallest unit of type measurement, Register equal to approximately 1/72 inch (actually Exact matching of position; a term applied 0.0138 inch), or 1/12 pica. As applied to to type pages exactly backing each other type sizes, measurement in points on the sheet, and to colour impressions in expresses height, not width, of the printed the successive runs of process colour line. printing.

Preface Reprint That part of the prelim pages of a book in An additional printing of all or part of a which the author states the scope and aim published work. of his/her work and sometimes acknowledges his/her indebtedness for Retouching source material or assistance. It is in the Traditionally, hand correction of nature of a ‘covering letter’ to the reader. photographs to eliminate unnecessary details, bring out unclear areas or cover Prelims flaws. Modern graphics software allows Preliminary matter, often known as prelim retouching to be done electronically. pages. It may include half title, frontispiece, title page, copyright, Reverse printing dedication, foreword, preface, Negative, or white-on-black, printing. acknowledgments, table of contents, list of Type or drawings can be photographically

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reversed so that letters and lines are left Screen white on a printed black or coloured Used in the reproduction of photographs background for special effect or emphasis. for printing; two sheets of glass ruled with fine vertical and horizontal lines through RGB which illustration copy is photographed The three primary colours (red, green, for halftone reproduction. The crossings blue) which form the spectrum of white of the screen lines break up the tones of light. the original into a pattern of dots, more or less concentrated according to the Roman darkness or lightness of the original. The The vertical alphabet, as distinguished fineness or coarseness of the screen varies from the slanting letters of italics; the with the number of lines per inch. A very normal text type. This is Roman. fine screen produces an almost indistinguishable dot pattern. Coarse Roman numerals screens, as for newspaper photographs, The numerals making use of i, ii, iii, iv, v, produce easily distinguishable dots. x etc., as distinguished from Arabic numerals. Roman numerals are generally Serif used in lower case for folios or prelim The small crossbar or tapered stroke at the pages; in capitals for plate numbers; and ends of letters in certain typefaces. This sometimes also for chapter and volume M has serifs; this M is without serifs (sans numbers. serif).

Rules Sheets Printed vertical or horizontal lines. Printed matter that has gone through the press but has not yet been bound. Running heads or headlines The line of type, which appears at the top Signature of a page above the main text, usually A sheet of paper printed on both sides and giving the folio and book title on the left- folded to form a section of a book. The hand page, the chapter title and folio on number of pages in a signature may be the right-hand page. Other titles, e.g. of four, eight, sixteen, thirty-two or sixty- sections, may sometimes be used instead. four. Each fold doubles the number of pages. Run on A marginal instruction to continue setting Small caps copy in the same paragraph, although the Capital letters that are smaller than the typescript or proof shows a break within regular capitals for a given size of type. the page. A curved line is drawn to join They are available in many sizes used for the last word before and the first word text composition. A double underline is after the break. the mark used in the manuscript to direct

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the use of small caps, with the notation = Tip in in the margin. To paste a separately printed leaf into a book. Stet Literally ‘let it stand’, a formerly used Title page marginal direction to the printer to retain The page at the opening of a book on matter that has been crossed off. A row of which the full title, author’s names and dots is marked under the word in question. publisher’s imprint are carried. In most The modern marginal mark is . books it stands as page iii, unfolioed, in the prelim pages, and backed by the copyright notice (imprint page). Style A standard of spelling, punctuation, Trimmed size abbreviations, use of numerals, capitals, The dimensions of a page after the folded typographical arrangement etc. to be edges have been cut off in the binding followed in editing and printing a process; the actual size of the page as it typescript. appears in the bound book.

Subscript Upper case Any character (letter, number, symbol Capital letters, so called from the upper etc.), usually of a size smaller than the one of a pair of type cases. To indicate a surrounding text size, aligning lower than change to capital letters, the relevant letter the text type line. See also Inferior or word should be underlined three times character. and the notation written in the margin. Verso Subtitle A left-hand, even numbered page. A secondary title, often an explanation of the main title. Wrong fount Proofreader’s term for a type character of the wrong face or size for the text in Superior character (superscript) which it appears. The abbreviation wf is Any character (letter, number, symbol marked in the margin to correct this. etc.), usually of a size smaller than the surrounding text size, aligning higher than the text type line; such as an exponent. It is specified for the printer by the sign enclosing the character e.g. 2 .

Text The body of a book, as differentiated from prelim pages, tabular matter, illustrations, extracts etc.

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