______2017/PPFS/WKSP1/012
Aquaculture in Chile: Facing Climate Change
Submitted by: Chile
Workshop on Strengthening APEC Cooperation on Food Security and Climate Change Ha Noi, Viet Nam 19-21 April 2017
4/5/2017
AQUACULTURE IN CHILE: FACING CLIMATE CHANGE
Eduardo Aguilera, PhD Regional Director National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service Los Lagos Region, Chile
CONTENTS
1. AQUACULTURE IN NUMBERS 2. SALMON FARMING: BIOSAFETY IMPLEMENTATION 3. MUSSEL FARMING: MOVING FROM FOOD SAFETY 4. CLIMATE CHANGE: ENSO-HAB CRISIS 2016 CASE 5. SIMA-AUSTRAL: AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR AQUACULTURE 6. TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FOR MITIGATION
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1. AQUACULTURE IN NUMBERS
The sector in numbers
452 12.012 95.402 103.000 Industrial artisanal vessels Vessels fishermen Aquaculture jobs
553 3.883 1.106 Artisanal Landing Aquaculture farms Processing points plants
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FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE ACTIVITY FOR EXPORT 2015
Fishery (2.24 million tons) Aquaculture (1.06 million tons)
Exports 1.24 million metric tons (US$ 5.2 billion) ~80% aquaculture
•40.000 export operations •35.000 health certificates
~480 processing plants
2. SALMON FARMING: BIOSAFETY IMPLEMENTATION
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Especies cultivadas en Salmon speciesChile farmed
Salmo salar Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus mikiss Atlantic salmon Coho salmon Rainbowtrout
Ongrowing 14-18 Ongrowing 8-10 Ongrowing 8-10 mese time months time months time Harvest 4.5-5 kilos Harvest 3.0 kilos Harvest 3.0 kilos size size size
Inappropriate coastal use planning
. Since 1985, at X, XI and XII regions: 1,290 salmon licenses granted. . In 2005 license application was suspended until a proper location . In 2010, after ISAv crisis, Salmon Farms Grouping system was established . 250-320 salmon licenses (farms) in use per year. . Salmon licenses relocation in process to get more distance between groups . Actually the coordinated use of salmon licenses inside a group is mandatory
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Timeline of chilean salmon production, disease ocurrence and Harmful Algal Blooms
Measures implemented
. Amendments to the Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture (LPGA) in matters of aquaculture and the subsequent promulgation of additional regulations.
. They are based on a model of biosafety levels:
Chile Macrozone
Salmon Licenses Group
Salmon farming site
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Salmon license groups established on 2010 after ISAv crisis 23 producers / 1200 supplycompanies
82 salmon license groups
2,9 kg 5,9 kg 30 kg 3,4 kg
1.400 ltrs 6.000 ltrs 15.400 ltrs 4.300 ltrs
FCR 1,1 3 4-10 2,2
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Implementing good practices
On 2017, 16 salmon farms obtain certification of production free of antimicrobialand/orantiparasitaries
3. MUSSEL FARMING: MOVING FROM FOOD SAFETY
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1120 mussel farms licenses - 825 already in use 70% app small scale producers
Food safety: Mussel sanitary monitoring program 99 areas with 606/825 farms
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Propossal: Mussel Sanitary Farm-Groups
4. CLIMATE CHANGE: ENSO-HAB CRISIS 2016 CASE
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Sea Surface Temperature anomalies: December 2015 - January 2015 period (source: NOAA)
Satellite image of Chlorophylla on April: 2016-2015-2014
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El Niño Southern Oscillation
ONI=2.3 NDJ 2015-16
Harmful Algal Bloom: Pseudochatonella sp. February- March 2016. Harvest
Fish movement
Mortalities
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45 fish farms of 15 companies affected Total mortality: 24.902.640 fishes, 39.942 ton
New regulation facing masive mortalities in salmon were placed
• New regulation issued on October 2016 • Definition of high mortality alert (>15 MT/week) • At salmon farm level: Mortality has to be removed and disposed in a 96 hours timeframe. • Salmon license groups are working to make a coordinated plan to get an effective and fast remove and disposing of the mortality in the event that some or all the salmon farms in the group are affected at same time.
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HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM Alexandrium catenella (PSPT)
Maximum extension HAB: May 14 2016
Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins
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5. SIMA-AUSTRAL: AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR AQUACULTURE
FIE V008- Integrated Ecosystem-based Sanitary and Environmental Management System for the Aquaculture SIMA-Austral
To transform and boost the national aquaculture sector, through the implementation of a public-good Integrated Ecosystem-based Sanitary and Environmental Management System by:
- Establishing a national multi-way R&D collaboration between Sernapesca, CSIRO, IFOP, Subpesca, science providers and the aquaculture industry - Develop tools and processes for assessing environment-pathogen-host relationships - Build and strengthen Sernapesca’s management and control capacities - Develop tools, models, reporting and visualisation systems for the environmental characterization
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Moving from reaction and assessment to Forecasting
Oceanographic Extreme Events Biogeochemical conditions Conditions
Ecological Events Social and Economic Global Shocks
29 | CSIRO: showcase | Global Research Alliance annual meeting
Concept of an operational Information System
Services Scenarios Reporting Incident response Forecasting
land practice change aqua report card oil spills disease outbreaks Validation
(SLAs) climate change compliance & assessment maritime accidents floods/storms price-market change production-mortalities storm loses climate change Legal interoperability interoperability Legal
Discovery system verification &Validation (web-base, apps, cloud)
SIMA-Austral Platform verification Model Organisational interoperability
A N N A L M I Relocatable coastal Marine forecasting Ocean Colour Regional models models Catchment models Operating framework Operating models Semantic (vocabularies) interoperability interoperability Data verificationData External data inputs Streamflow Catchment data Access-A OceanMAPS Technical interoperability (standards, formats)
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Systems View of User Needs
6. TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FOR MITIGATION
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Mitigation technologies: air microbubbles wall
Thank you
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