______2017/PPFS/WKSP1/012

Aquaculture in : Facing Climate Change

Submitted by: Chile

Workshop on Strengthening APEC Cooperation on Food Security and Climate Change Ha Noi, Viet Nam 19-21 April 2017

4/5/2017

AQUACULTURE IN CHILE: FACING CLIMATE CHANGE

Eduardo Aguilera, PhD Regional Director National and Aquaculture Service Los Lagos Region, Chile

CONTENTS

1. AQUACULTURE IN NUMBERS 2. FARMING: BIOSAFETY IMPLEMENTATION 3. MUSSEL FARMING: MOVING FROM FOOD SAFETY 4. CLIMATE CHANGE: ENSO-HAB CRISIS 2016 CASE 5. SIMA-AUSTRAL: AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR AQUACULTURE 6. TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FOR MITIGATION

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1. AQUACULTURE IN NUMBERS

The sector in numbers

452 12.012 95.402 103.000 Industrial artisanal vessels Vessels fishermen Aquaculture jobs

553 3.883 1.106 Artisanal Landing Aquaculture farms Processing points plants

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FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE ACTIVITY FOR EXPORT 2015

Fishery (2.24 million tons) Aquaculture (1.06 million tons)

Exports 1.24 million metric tons (US$ 5.2 billion) ~80% aquaculture

•40.000 export operations •35.000 health certificates

~480 processing plants

2. SALMON FARMING: BIOSAFETY IMPLEMENTATION

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Especies cultivadas en Salmon speciesChile farmed

Salmo salar Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus mikiss Coho salmon Rainbowtrout

Ongrowing 14-18 Ongrowing 8-10 Ongrowing 8-10 mese time months time months time Harvest 4.5-5 kilos Harvest 3.0 kilos Harvest 3.0 kilos size size size

Inappropriate coastal use planning

. Since 1985, at X, XI and XII regions: 1,290 salmon licenses granted. . In 2005 license application was suspended until a proper location . In 2010, after ISAv crisis, Salmon Farms Grouping system was established . 250-320 salmon licenses (farms) in use per year. . Salmon licenses relocation in process to get more distance between groups . Actually the coordinated use of salmon licenses inside a group is mandatory

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Timeline of chilean salmon production, disease ocurrence and Harmful Algal Blooms

Measures implemented

. Amendments to the Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture (LPGA) in matters of aquaculture and the subsequent promulgation of additional regulations.

. They are based on a model of biosafety levels:

Chile Macrozone

Salmon Licenses Group

Salmon farming site

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Salmon license groups established on 2010 after ISAv crisis 23 producers / 1200 supplycompanies

82 salmon license groups

2,9 kg 5,9 kg 30 kg 3,4 kg

1.400 ltrs 6.000 ltrs 15.400 ltrs 4.300 ltrs

FCR 1,1 3 4-10 2,2

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Implementing good practices

On 2017, 16 salmon farms obtain certification of production free of antimicrobialand/orantiparasitaries

3. MUSSEL FARMING: MOVING FROM FOOD SAFETY

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1120 mussel farms licenses - 825 already in use 70% app small scale producers

Food safety: Mussel sanitary monitoring program 99 areas with 606/825 farms

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Propossal: Mussel Sanitary Farm-Groups

4. CLIMATE CHANGE: ENSO-HAB CRISIS 2016 CASE

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Sea Surface Temperature anomalies: December 2015 - January 2015 period (source: NOAA)

Satellite image of Chlorophylla on April: 2016-2015-2014

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El Niño Southern Oscillation

ONI=2.3 NDJ 2015-16

Harmful Algal Bloom: Pseudochatonella sp. February- March 2016. Harvest

Fish movement

Mortalities

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45 fish farms of 15 companies affected Total mortality: 24.902.640 fishes, 39.942 ton

New regulation facing masive mortalities in salmon were placed

• New regulation issued on October 2016 • Definition of high mortality alert (>15 MT/week) • At salmon farm level: Mortality has to be removed and disposed in a 96 hours timeframe. • Salmon license groups are working to make a coordinated plan to get an effective and fast remove and disposing of the mortality in the event that some or all the salmon farms in the group are affected at same time.

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HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM Alexandrium catenella (PSPT)

Maximum extension HAB: May 14 2016

Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins

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5. SIMA-AUSTRAL: AN INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR AQUACULTURE

FIE V008- Integrated Ecosystem-based Sanitary and Environmental Management System for the Aquaculture SIMA-Austral

To transform and boost the national aquaculture sector, through the implementation of a public-good Integrated Ecosystem-based Sanitary and Environmental Management System by:

- Establishing a national multi-way R&D collaboration between Sernapesca, CSIRO, IFOP, Subpesca, science providers and the aquaculture industry - Develop tools and processes for assessing environment-pathogen-host relationships - Build and strengthen Sernapesca’s management and control capacities - Develop tools, models, reporting and visualisation systems for the environmental characterization

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Moving from reaction and assessment to Forecasting

Oceanographic Extreme Events Biogeochemical conditions Conditions

Ecological Events Social and Economic Global Shocks

29 | CSIRO: showcase | Global Research Alliance annual meeting

Concept of an operational Information System

Services Scenarios Reporting Incident response Forecasting

land practice change aqua report card oil spills disease outbreaks Validation

(SLAs) climate change compliance & assessment maritime accidents floods/storms price-market change production-mortalities storm loses climate change Legal interoperability interoperability Legal

Discovery system verification &Validation (web-base, apps, cloud)

SIMA-Austral Platform verification Model Organisational interoperability

A N N A L M I Relocatable coastal Marine forecasting Ocean Colour Regional models models Catchment models Operating framework Operating models Semantic (vocabularies) interoperability interoperability Data verificationData External data inputs Streamflow Catchment data Access-A OceanMAPS Technical interoperability (standards, formats)

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Systems View of User Needs

6. TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION FOR MITIGATION

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Mitigation technologies: air microbubbles wall

Thank you

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