DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction to Compounding and Manufacturing

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction to Compounding and Manufacturing U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL FORT SAM HOUSTON, TEXAS 78234-6100 INTRODUCTION TO COMPOUNDING AND MANUFACTURING SUBCOURSE MD0809 EDITION 100 DEVELOPMENT This subcourse is approved for resident and correspondence course instruction. It reflects the current thought of the Academy of Health Sciences and conforms to printed Department of the Army doctrine as closely as currently possible. Development and progress render such doctrine continuously subject to change. The subject matter expert responsible for content accuracy of this edition was the NCOIC, Nursing Science Division, DSN 471-3086 or area code (210) 221-3086, M6 Branch, Academy of Health Sciences, ATTN: MCCS-HNP, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234-6100. ADMINISTRATION Students who desire credit hours for this correspondence subcourse must meet eligibility requirements and must enroll in the subcourse. Application for enrollment should be made at the Internet website: http://www.atrrs.army.mil. You can access the course catalog in the upper right corner. Enter School Code 555 for medical correspondence courses. Copy down the course number and title. To apply for enrollment, return to the main ATRRS screen and scroll down the right side for ATRRS Channels. Click on SELF DEVELOPMENT to open the application and then follow the on screen instructions. For comments or questions regarding enrollment, student records, or examination shipments, contact the Nonresident Instruction Branch at DSN 471-5877, commercial (210) 221-5877, toll-free 1-800-344-2380; fax: 210-221-4012 or DSN 471-4012, e-mail [email protected], or write to: NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION BRANCH AMEDDC&S ATTN: MCCS-HSN 2105 11TH STREET SUITE 4191 FORT SAM HOUSTON TX 78234-5064 CLARIFICATION OF TERMINOLOGY When used in this publication, words such as "he," "him," "his," and "men" 'are intended to include both the masculine and feminine genders, unless specifically stated otherwise or when obvious in context. TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson Paragraphs INTRODUCTION 1 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDING Section I. Introduction to Compounding...........................................1-1--1-4 Section II. Measurement ...................................................................1-5--1-6 Section III. Heat ..................................................................................1-7--1-9 Section IV. Comminution ....................................................................1-10--1-11 Section V. Separation ........................................................................1-12--1-16 Exercises 2 INTRODUCTION TO MANUFACTURING, QUALITY CONTROL, AND PREPACKAGING Section I. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ........................................2-1--2-3 Section II. Quality Control..................................................................2-4--2-5 Section III. Pharmaceutical Prepackaging .........................................2-6--2-9 Exercises 3 CLASSES OF AQUEOUS PREPARATIONS Section I. Solutions...........................................................................3-1--3-9 Section II. Syrups ..............................................................................3-10--3-13 Section III. Classes of Preparations Containing Alcohol ..................3-14---3-17 Exercises 4 EMULSIONS AND SUSPENSIONS Section I. Emulsions.........................................................................4-1--4-8 Section II. Suspensions.....................................................................4-9--4-14 Exercises 5 MEDICATED APPLICATIONS Section I. Ointments, Pastes, and Creams......................................5-1--5-4 Section II. Suppositories....................................................................5-5--5-11 Exercises MD0809 i 6 SOLID DOSAGE FORMS Section I. Capsules...........................................................................6-1--6-4 Section II. Pills and Tablets ...............................................................6-5--6-11 Section III. Sustained-Release Dosage Forms..................................6-12---6-15 Exercises 7 OPHTHALMIC PREPARATIONS .......................................................7---7-6 Exercises MD0809 ii CORRESPONDENCE COURSE OF THE U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL SUBCOURSE MD0809 INTRODUCTION TO COMPOUNDING AND MANUFACTURING INTRODUCTION In previous subcourses, topics such as prescription interpretation, pharmaceutical calculations, and general chemistry have been discussed. The material in these subcourses has provided you with an excellent background for understanding the ideas and concepts associated with pharmaceutical compounding and manufacturing. In this subcourse, you will learn about/review the basics of the art and practice of pharmacy – compounding manufacturing. Despite the fact that less compounding and manufacturing is being performed in today’s pharmacy, you should still be familiar with the various the various dosage forms being used and how they are prepared. In subcourses to follow you will continue to gain additional skills and knowledges in the field of pharmacy Specifically, you will look about filling and dispensing prescriptions, performing tasks associated with pharmacy administration, and preparing sterile products. Subcourse Components: The subcourse instructional material consists of seven lessons as follows: Lesson 1, Pharmaceutical Compounding. Lesson 2, Introduction to Manufacturing, Prepacking, and Quality Control. Lesson 3, Classes of Aqueous Preparations. Lesson 4, Emulsions and Suspensions. Lesson 5, Medicated Applications. Lesson 6, Solid Dosage Forms. Lesson 7, Ophthalmic Preparations. Here are some suggestions that may be helpful to you in completing this subcourse: --Read and study each lesson carefully. --Complete the subcourse lesson by lesson. After completing each lesson, work the exercises at the end of the lesson, marking your answers in this booklet. MD0809 iii --After completing each set of lesson exercises, compare your answers with those on the solution sheet that follows the exercises. If you have answered an exercise incorrectly, check the reference cited after the answer on the solution sheet to determine why your response was not the correct one. Credit Awarded: Upon successful completion of the examination for this subcourse, you will be awarded 8 credit hours. To receive credit hours, you must be officially enrolled and complete an examination furnished by the Nonresident Instruction Branch at Fort Sam Houston, Texas. You can enroll by going to the web site http://atrrs.army.mil and enrolling under "Self Development" (School Code 555). A listing of correspondence courses and subcourses available through the Nonresident Instruction Section is found in Chapter 4 of DA Pamphlet 350-59, Army Correspondence Course Program Catalog. The DA PAM is available at the following website: http://www.usapa.army.mil/pdffiles/p350-59.pdf. MD0809 iv LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Pharmaceutical Compounding. LESSON ASSIGNMENT Paragraphs 1-1 through 1-16. TASK 081-91Q-4803, Compounding the Prescription. LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to: 1-1. Given a pharmaceutical term and a group of definitions, select the most correct definition of that term. 1-2. Given a situation requiring the use of a pharmaceutical reference and a list of references, select the reference most likely to contain information required in the situation. 1-3. Given drawings of several pieces of equipment used to compound prescriptions and the name of a particular piece of such equipment, select the drawing which illustrates the piece of equipment. 1-4. Given the names of several pieces of equipment and/or devices, select the piece of equipment/device which should be used to handle brass weights. 1-5. Given a situation involving the use of a prescription balance and several alternative actions, select the action most appropriate to follow in that situation. 1-6. Given several sequences of procedures, select the sequence of procedures which should be performed when weighing a substance on a prescription balance. MD0809 1-1 1-7. Given the names of equipment used to measure liquids and a statement concerning the use/accuracy of a particular liquid measuring device, select the name of the equipment which best matches with the statement. 1-8. Given several definitions and the term “TD,” select the definition which best defines the term. 1-9. Given several statements pertaining to the selection of a graduate to measure a liquid, select the statement which best describes a consideration of such a selection. 1-10. Given several drawings, select the drawing that best illustrates the accepted placement of a graduate in relation to the eye when measuring liquids as shown in lesson I. 1-11. Given a drawing depicting the flame produced by either a Bunsen or a Fisher burner with letters pointing toward different parts of the flame, select the letter pointing toward the hottest part of the flame. 1-12. Given a situation which requires the use of a particular type of mortar and pestle and a list of types of mortars and pestles, select the mortar and pestle that should be used in that situation. 1-13. Given a situation involving the filtration of a solution and descriptions of several alternative actions, select the action which should be performed in that situation. SUGGESTION After completing the assignment, complete the exercises at the end of this lesson. These exercises will help you to achieve the lesson objectives. MD0809 1-2 LESSON 1 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDING Section I. INTRODUCTION TO COMPOUNDING
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ENFORCEMENT and COMPOUNDING COMMITTEE REPORT July 12, 2017
    California State Board of Pharmacy BUSINESS, CONSUMER SERVICES AND HOUSING AGENCY 1625 N. Market Blvd, N219, Sacramento, CA 95834 DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS Phone: (916) 574-7900 GOVERNOR EDMUND G. BROW N JR. Fax: (916) 574-8618 www.pharmacy.ca.gov ENFORCEMENT AND COMPOUNDING COMMITTEE REPORT July 12, 2017 Amy Gutierrez, PharmD, Licensee Member, Chair Allen Schaad, Licensee Member, Vice Chair Greg Lippe, Public Member Stan Weisser, Licensee Member Valerie Muñoz, Public Member Ricardo Sanchez, Public Member I. Call to Order, Establishment of Quorum, and General Announcements II. Public Comments on Items Not on the Agenda/Agenda Items for Future Meetings Note: The board may not discuss or take action on any matter raised during this public comment section that is not included on this agenda, except to decide whether to place the matter on the agenda of a future meeting. [Government Code sections 11125, 11125.7(a)] III. Enforcement Matters a. Discussion and Consideration of Reporting Drug Losses Under State and Federal Laws. Attachment 1 Background At prior meetings, the committee has discussed the federal and state requirements for the reporting of lost controlled substances under federal and state law. California Code of Regulations, Title 16, section 1715.6, Reporting Drug Loss, states; “The owner shall report to the Board within thirty (30) days of discovery of any loss of the controlled substances, including their amounts and strengths.” Federal regulations require that registrants notify the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Field Division Office in their area, in writing, of the theft or “significant” loss of any controlled substance within one business day of discovery of such loss or theft.
    [Show full text]
  • Compounded Drugs
    Compounded Drugs Judith M. Glassgold Specialist in Health Policy June 3, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43082 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Compounded Drugs Summary Compounding has been traditionally defined as a process where a pharmacist or a physician combines, mixes, or alters ingredients to create a medication tailored to the needs of an individual patient. Traditionally compounded drugs (CDs) are made in response to an individual prescription from a licensed health provider in the context of a pharmacist’s and health care professional’s relationship with a specific patient. Some have suggested that certain activities not traditionally associated with compounding be considered compounding. Such activities include the large-scale production of drugs to ease certain drug shortages, to meet outsourcing needs of hospitals, and to supply physician- administered drugs. Non-traditional compounding may include (1) the production and shipping of large volume of drugs across state lines; (2) production of drugs that are copies of FDA-approved commercially available drugs; (3) provision of CD without a prescription for an individual patient to receive a compounded version and outside of a professional relationship; and (4) production of products to third parties, such as hospitals, clinics, physician offices, and home health providers. These activities could be considered more akin to manufacturing than traditional compounding, which is considered part of the traditional practice of pharmacy. Adverse events involving contaminated compounded drugs have drawn attention to the growing use of non-traditionally compounded drugs in health care delivery. Shortages of sterile generic drugs and hospital outsourcing are cited as causes of increased numbers of CDs produced by non- traditional compounders.
    [Show full text]
  • Percutaneous Progesterone Delivery Via Cream Or Gel Application In
    MENO-D-12-00241 This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Menopause 2013;20(11):1169-75. Percutaneous Progesterone Delivery Via Cream Or Gel Application In Postmenopausal Women – A Randomized, Crossover Study Of Progesterone Levels In Serum, Whole Blood, Saliva, And Capillary Blood Running title: Progesterone cream/gel: saliva/blood levels Joanna Y. Du, M.D.1, Puy Sanchez, M.D.1,*, Lila Kim, B.S.1, Colleen G. Azen, M.S.2, David Zava, Ph.D.3, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Ph.D.1,4 1Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and 4Preventive Medicine; 2Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 3ZRT Laboratory, Portland, OR Sources of financial support: None Conflicts of interest/Financial disclosures: None 1 Reprint requests should be addressed to: Frank Z. Stanczyk, Ph.D. Reproductive Endocrine Research Laboratory Livingston Research Building 1321 N. Mission Rd., Room 207 Los Angeles, CA 90033 Phone: (323) 226-3220 Fax: (323) 225-4035 Email: [email protected] * Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital La Zarzuela, Madrid, Spain 2 ABSTRACT Objective We investigated the distribution of progesterone in venous whole blood, venous serum, fingertip capillary blood, and saliva following topical application of progesterone in both cream and gel formulations. Methods Ten postmenopausal women were randomized to receive 80 mg of progesterone cream or gel applied daily for 14 days, crossing over after a 14-day wash-out. On the last day of each treatment period venous blood, fingertip capillary blood, and saliva were sampled frequently during the 24 h after the final application.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Hormone Therapy Options
    WOMEN’S INTERNATIONAL PHARMACY FEMALE HORMONE THERAPY OPTIONS The following tables have been compiled by Women’s International Pharmacy staff pharmacists to represent some of the more frequently prescribed regimens for women in menopause and some alternatives. The Women’s International Pharmacy logo is placed throughout the tables to signify the hormones and dosage forms Women’s International Pharmacy compounds. This material is for informational purposes. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. Please consult a qualified health care professional for individual health and medical advice. = Compounded by Women’s International Pharmacy Oral Estrogens ORAL ESTROGENS DOSAGES DOSING BIOIDENTICAL AVAILABLE REGIMEN COMMENTS/REFERENCES Estradiol (E2) capsules Any 0.25mg - 2mg once Hargrove J. Infertility & Reproductive (compounding pharmacies) daily. Some may Med Clinic North America 1995; require twice daily 6(4):653-674. dosing. Estriol (E3) capsules Any 1mg - 8mg Head K. Alt Med Rev; 1998; 3(2):101- (compounding pharmacies) once daily or in 113. Hudson T. Women’s Encyclopedia divided doses. of Natural Medicine (Lincolnwood, IL: Keats) 1999:170. Biestrogen (bi-est) capsules Any 1.25mg - 5mg once The 20:80 ratio may be altered to meet 20% estradiol (E2), to twice daily patient need. 80% estriol (E3) McKenna S. The Phytogenic Hormone (compounding pharmacies) Solution (NYC, NY: Villard Books) 2002:189-190. Triestrogen (tri-est, triple 1.25mg - 2.5mg once Although these ratios are commonly Any estrogen) capsules to twice daily used and are based on the research 10% estrone (E1), done by Dr. Jonathan Wright, other formulas are available to accommodate 10% estradiol (E2), individual needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Compounding Options in Women's Health
    Compounding Options in Women’s Health Deborah Clark, RPh, BSPharm Sara Hover, RPh, FAARM HRT Symposium Savannah GA July 14‐16, 2016 ©2016 PCCA. All Rights Reserved. 1 Why Compounding Options are Important in Women’s Health • Medication on backorder or unavailable • Side effects of therapy; compliance • Treatment failure with current therapy • Combination customized prescription can target the problem with multiple mechanisms of action ©2016 PCCA. All Rights Reserved. 2 Why Compounding Options are Important in Women’s Health • Skyrocketing commercial drug prices – Insurance rejections with many commercial drugs – Unaffordable copays • Compounds offer a variety of clinical options with unique innovative bases and dosage forms ©2016 PCCA. All Rights Reserved. 3 Bases Used in Women’s Health • VersaBase® Cream • VersaBase® Gel • Lipoderm® • Estradiol 10mg/gm dilution • Estriol 10mg/gm dilution • MucoLox™ ©2016 PCCA. All Rights Reserved. 4 VersaBase® Cream • PCCA’s VersaBase® Cream is an elegant, yet extremely durable, cosmetic cream. It simulates the natural moisturizing barrier of the skin through its emulsion system, can be used for a variety of pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, and is great for topical hormone replacement therapy. ©2016 PCCA. All Rights Reserved. 5 VersaBase® Cream • When comparing the bases abilities to transport progesterone deep into the dermis, VersaBase® Cream out‐performed all bases and delivered more than 4 times as much progesterone as the commercial base Vanicream®. • PCCA Document #97711 – VersaBase® Cream, gel, Cosmetic HRT/Progesterone Study Results ©2016 PCCA. All Rights Reserved. 6 VersaBase® Cream • VersaBase® Gel is a versatile topical gel base that demonstrates excellent resiliency to low pH (2‐ 7.5) and good compatibility with polar solvents, while maintaining a pleasant, silky feel.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
    Updated June 07, 2021 Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Three categories of bulk drug substances: • Category 1: Bulk Drug Substances Under Evaluation • Category 2: Bulk Drug Substances that Raise Significant Safety Risks • Category 3: Bulk Drug Substances Nominated Without Adequate Support Updates to Categories of Substances Nominated for the 503B Bulk Drug Substances List1 • Add the following entry to category 2 due to serious safety concerns of mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and possible carcinogenicity when quinacrine hydrochloride is used for intrauterine administration for non- surgical female sterilization: 2,3 o Quinacrine Hydrochloride for intrauterine administration • Revision to category 1 for clarity: o Modify the entry for “Quinacrine Hydrochloride” to “Quinacrine Hydrochloride (except for intrauterine administration).” • Revision to category 1 to correct a substance name error: o Correct the error in the substance name “DHEA (dehydroepiandosterone)” to “DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone).” 1 For the purposes of the substance names in the categories, hydrated forms of the substance are included in the scope of the substance name. 2 Quinacrine HCl was previously reviewed in 2016 as part of FDA’s consideration of this bulk drug substance for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List. As part of this review, the Division of Bone, Reproductive and Urologic Products (DBRUP), now the Division of Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology (DUOG), evaluated the nomination of quinacrine for intrauterine administration for non-surgical female sterilization and recommended that quinacrine should not be included on the 503A Bulks List for this use. This recommendation was based on the lack of information on efficacy comparable to other available methods of female sterilization and serious safety concerns of mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and possible carcinogenicity in use of quinacrine for this indication and route of administration.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenpark Compounding Pharmacy
    APPENDIX A Order and Opinion in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit Case: 18-70032 Document: 00514744165 Page: 1 Date Filed: 12/02/2018 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT No. 18-70032 United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit FILED December 2, 2018 JOSEPH C. GARCIA, Lyle W. Cayce Plaintiff - Appellant Clerk v. BRYAN COLLIER; LORIE DAVIS; JAMES L JONES; JOHN OR JANE DOES, 1-50, Defendants - Appellees Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas USDC No. 4:18-CV-4521 Before DENNIS, ELROD, and HIGGINSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:* Death row inmate Joseph C. Garcia filed this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action on November 30, 2018, seeking to stay his execution scheduled for December 4, 2018. Garcia alleges that the drug the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) will use in his execution—compounded pentobarbital—was obtained from an unsafe pharmacy, and that executing him using the drug obtained from this pharmacy would violate his Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4. A-1 Case: 18-70032 Document: 00514744165 Page: 2 Date Filed: 12/02/2018 No. 18-70032 rights. Garcia’s complaint asserts four claims related to the use of compounded pentobarbital allegedly obtained from a pharmacy in Houston that has been cited for violations of state and federal regulations: (1) that the TDCJ’s use of pentobarbital from an unsafe pharmacy violates his Eighth Amendment right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment; (2) that TDCJ violated his First Amendment “right to be informed about the manner in which the State implements” executions by concealing necessary information; (3) that this alleged concealment by TDCJ also violates his rights to due process and access to the courts; and (4) that the TDCJ’s use of pentobarbital from other pharmacies on other death row inmates violates his right to equal protection.
    [Show full text]
  • 503B Is the Future of Compounding
    503B is the Future of Compounding... Get Informed! Stokes503B.com Stokes' tablet press machine Stokes' aseptic area where sterile injection vials are being processed under ISO 5 conditions in our clean room Stokes aseptically processes sterile ophthalmics under 100% visual inspection by a Stokes quality control technician ISO 5 conditions in our cleanroom © Stokes Healthcare 2019 888-508-503B FDA Registered 503B TM 503B Outsourcing Facility Veterinarians Deserve a NEW, Better Way! FDA Registered 503B 503A Traditional NEW Outsourcing Facility OLD Compounding Pharmacy Manufactured Product Compounded Preparation Products always tested per cGMP Limited/No Testing FDA Approved Facility Not an FDA Approved Facility Follow cGMP under FDA oversight TM 503B Follow USP under state board of pharmacy Unlimited administration in all 50 states Unlimited administration NOT permitted in all states Authorized to compound large batches NOT allowed to compound large batches Must mantain quality department No quality department required 10 Reasons to Order from Stokes 503B 1 1) Available for dispensing and unlimited hospital administration in all 50 states 2) All medications have a readily accessible Certificate of Analysis 3) Consistent quality and integrity of products from batch to batch 4) All products made under cGmp2; same FDA regulations followed by the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry 5) Medications are measured throughout the whole process and verified through stability and sterility 6) Decreased Liability 7) 48 hour turnaround time 8) Stokes is trusted and has been in business since 1975 9) Stokes is a licensed outsourcer in most states 10) Stokes is one of the only compounding pharmacies in the veterinary industry to achieve 503B registration and has more 503B veterinary medications available than any other outsourcer 1 Varies based on individual state law.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency
    Approved by the AUA Board of Directors American Urological Association (AUA) February 2018 Authors’ disclosure of po- tential conflicts of interest and author/staff contribu- tions appear at the end of EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF TESTOSTERONE the article. © 2018 by the American DEFICIENCY: AUA GUIDELINE Urological Association John P. Mulhall, MD; Landon W. Trost, MD; Robert E. Brannigan, MD; Emily G. Kurtz, MD; J. Bruce Redmon, MD; Kelly A. Chiles, MD MSc; Deborah J. Lightner, MD; Martin M. Miner, MD; M. Hassan Murad, MD, MPH; Christian J. Nelson, PhD; Elizabeth A. Platz, ScD, MPH; Lakshmi V. Ramanathan, PhD; Ronald W. Lewis, MD Executive Summary Testosterone testing and prescriptions have nearly tripled in recent years; however, it is clear from clinical practice that there are many men using testosterone without a clear indication.1-3 Some studies estimate that up to 25% of men who receive testosterone therapy do not have their testosterone tested prior to initiation of treatment.2, 3 Of men who are treated with testosterone, nearly half do not have their testosterone levels checked after therapy commences.2, 3 While up to a third of men who are placed on testosterone therapy do not meet the criteria to be diagnosed as testosterone deficient,2, 3 there are a large percentage of men in need of testosterone therapy who fail to receive it due to clinician concerns, mainly surrounding prostate cancer development and cardiovascular events, although current evidence fails to definitively support these concerns. Given the clinical and commercial testosterone landscape, the American Urological Association (AUA) identified a need to produce an evidence-based document that informs clinicians on the proper assessment and management of patients with testosterone deficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • ۦ795ۧ Pharmaceutical Compounding—Nonsterile
    BRIEFING Pharmaceutical Compounding—Nonsterile Preparations, USP 41 795ۧۦ page 6546. This proposed chapter revision is posted online at www.uspnf.com/notices/general-chapter-795-proposed-revisions with line numbers. Submit comments using the electronic submission form at https://usp.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_aWexhZowjRBbKnP. The Compounding Expert Committee proposes to revise this chapter to improve clarity, respond to stakeholder input, and align with Hazardous Major proposed revisions to .800ۧۦ Drugs—Handling in Healthcare Settings the chapter include: 1. Reorganization of the existing chapter to improve clarity and place key procedural information in boxes for easy reference. 2. Expanded guidance for assigning beyond-use dates (BUD) for compounded nonsterile preparations (CNSP) in the absence of stability information. 3. Removal of specific information on handling of hazardous drugs and .800ۧۦ addition of references to Additionally, minor editorial changes have been made to update this chapter to current USP style. (CMP: J. Sun.) Correspondence Number—C199364 PHARMACEUTICAL 795ۧۦ COMPOUNDING—NONSTERILE PREPARATIONS Add the following: ▪ 1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 1.1 Scope 2. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS—TRAINING, EVALUATION, AND REQUALIFICATION 3. PERSONAL HYGIENE AND GARBING 3.1 Personnel Preparation 3.2 Hand Hygiene 3.3 Garb and Glove Requirements 4. BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES 5. CLEANING AND SANITIZING 6. EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS 6.1 Equipment 6.2 Components 7. SOPs AND MASTER FORMULATION AND COMPOUNDING RECORDS 7.1 Creating and Following SOPs 7.2 Creating Master Formulation Records 7.3 Creating Compounding Records 8. RELEASE TESTING 9. LABELING 10. ESTABLISHING BEYOND-USE DATES 10.1 Terminology 10.2 Parameters to Consider in Establishing a BUD 10.3 Establishing a BUD for a CNSP 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Pharmacology
    Testosterone Drug Description NOTE: Testosterone is a schedule C-III controlled substance. Testosterone is the primary androgen found in the body. Endogenous testosterone is synthesized by cells in the testis, ovary, and adrenal cortex. Therapeutically, testosterone is used in the management of hypogonadism, either congenital or acquired. Testosterone is also the most effective exogenous androgen for the palliative treatment of carcinoma of the breast in postmenopausal women. Anabolic steroids, derivatives of testosterone, have been used illicitly and are now controlled substances. Testosterone was in use in 1938 and approved by the FDA in 1939. Testosterone is administered parenterally in regular and delayed-release (depot) dosage forms. Two transdermal forms are available for the treatment of male hypogonadism. Testopel® Implants contain testosterone in sterile pellets that are implanted subcutaneously for extended-release over 3—6 months. Two testosterone topical skin gel products are available: Androgel®, approved in February 2000, and Testim™, approved October 31, 2002. A testosterone buccal system (Striant™) was FDA approved in July 2003; the system is a mucoadhesive product that adheres to the buccal mucosa and provides a controlled and sustained release of testosterone. Other topical dosage forms are under investigation, including a transdermal patch (Intrinsa™) for hormone replacement in women; the daily dosages used for testosterone replacement in women are much lower than those found in products for use in males. However, the FDA ruled in late 2004 that it would delay the approval of Intrinsa™ women's testosterone patch and is requiring more data regarding safety, especially in relation to cardiovascular and breast health. Testosterone was reclassified as a controlled substance in 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • On HRT for Women
    BHRT A Perspective on HRT for Women: Picking Up the Pieces After the Women’s Health Initiative Trial — Part 2 George R. Gillson, MD, PhD Rocky Mountain Analytical, Calgary, Alberta, Canada David T. Zava, PhD ZRT Laboratory, Portland, Oregon Note: In this article, bioidentical hormone replacement therapy will be referred to as BHRT, and conventional hormone replacement therapy will be referred to as CHRT. Progestins will be used throughout this article to refer to synthetic compounds that exert an antiproliferative effect on uterine endometrium. By this definition, proges- terone is not a progestin, since it is natural (not synthetic). Testosterone replacement, although relevant, is beyond the scope of our discussion. 330 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding Vol. 7 No. 5 September/October 2003 BHRT Progesterone and Balance Between Estrone and However, the Women’s Health Initiative Progestins Estrogen Sulfate Within (WHI) trial indicated that oral conjugat- Tumor Cells ed estrogens and oral medroxyproges- There has been an almost abysmal fail- Progesterone also impacts the balance terone acetate increased cardiac risk. ure on the part of the medical profession between estrone and estrogen sulfate This apparent paradox is resolved by re- to recognize the difference between pro- within tumor cells. It is well known that alizing that there are many studies that gesterone and synthetic progestins. breast-cancer cells and breast fibroade- indicate that medroxyprogesterone ac- While a detailed comparison of bioiden- nomas accumulate
    [Show full text]