Allies in Memory: World War II and the Politics of Transatlantic Commemoration, C

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07457-6 - Allies in Memory: World War II and the Politics of Transatlantic Commemoration, c. 1941–2001 Sam Edwards Index More information

Index

A Matter of Life or Death (1946), 42 visitor centres, 260; and World War I, A Yank in the RAF (1941), 56 17–21, 24, 28, 92 Air Force (1943), 44 American Century, 48, 58 Airfields: construction of, 34; American Civil War, 1, 6, 18, 20, 21, 43, commercialisation of, 221–5; 210, 215 sanctification of, 40–1; 53; 146–7, 159, American Legion, 112, 132, 139, 194, 202–7; pilgrimage to, 140–9; 203–6; 236, 240 memorials on, 40–1, 53, 153, 160, American Memorial Chapel, St. Paul’s, 204–5; museums on, 226–8 59–64 Aircraft: B-17, 39, 42, 55, 56, 141, 225, Anderson, Benedict, 59 228–9, 233, 234, 235; B-24, 156, 225, Anglo-American relations, 4, 8, 26–7, 30–2, 228–9, 234–5; B-29, 60, 234, 236; 47–9, 51–9, 59–64, 65–7, 79–80, 115, F-111, 162; Lancaster, 233; P-51, 153; 117, 121, 155, 157, 254, 260 Wellington, 233 Anglo-Saxonism, 26–7, 47–8, 52, 58, 64 Adams, General, 150, 152, 174 Anglo-Sphere, 254–5 Alconbury, 162 Anzio, 100 Ambrose, Stephen, 190, 220, 242, Arbib, Robert S., 30, 32, 34, 247, 262 Arlington National Cemetery, 181, 199 American Air Museum, Duxford, Archbishop of Canterbury, 45 235–6 Arromanches, 103, 201, 212 American Battle Monuments Commission Ashby, 42 (ABMC): and cemeteries, 21–2, 28, Athey, Sergeant Gerald, 50 67–79, 83, 92–3, 95, 115, 132–3, 160, Attlebridge, 204, 205 162, 177, 183, 211, 221, 251, 254, 258, Avranches, 103, 106, 110, 111, 186 260, 262; and commercialisation, 208–212; and Cold War, 8, 67–79, Back to the Future (1985–1990), 219 114–5, 132–3, 152–3, 196, 254, 258; and Band of Brothers (2001), 5, 190, 242, De Gaulle, 171; and Eisenhower, Dwight 249, 262 D. 91–2, 116; and General Marshall, 15, Basinger, Jean, 173 72–4, 80, 115, 211, 254, 258; and Bassingbourn, 144, 153, 225 General Pershing, 17, 18, 82; and Battle of Britain (1969), 144 Madingley, 67–79, 160, 162, 221, 260; Battle of Britain Memorial Flight, 233 and Omaha Beach, 92–3, 95, 116, 122, Battle of Normandy Foundation, 240, 177, 183, 251, 260, 262; and Pointe du 243–4, 239 (footnote) Hoc, 147–9, 182, 196, 208; and Thomas Battle of the Bulge, 149 North, 80–3, 92, 105, 116, 150, Battlefield pilgrimage, 2, 20, 131–2, 168–173, 175, 212; and Utah Beach, 11, 139–141, 145, 163, 202–7, 209–10, 213, 82, 168–176, 196–8; and veterans 217–8, 221–4, 237, 241, 251, 262 associations, 13, 14, 21–2, 28, 83–4, Bayeux, 218 90–2, 94–8, 105, 111, 127–8, 133–4, British Broadcasting Corporation 149–150, 176, 253, 255, 258; and (BBC), 57 Vietnam, 168, 173–176, 198–9; and Beaucoudray, 103,

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-07457-6 - Allies in Memory: World War II and the Politics of Transatlantic Commemoration, c. 1941–2001 Sam Edwards Index More information

Index 293

Bedford, Virginia, 5 Canaday, John, 175 Beeston, 225 Canterbury Tale (1944), 56 Belgium, 18–9, 22, 25, 74, 91, 95, 114, 134, Cantwell, 122–23, 125 149, 151, 213 Carentan, 102, 249 Bell, Reginald, 50 Carleton Rode, 42, Benouville, 102 Carter, Jimmy, 177–80 Bergen-Belsen, 57, 194 Caruth, Cathy, 136 Berlin Blockade, 60, 113 Casablanca, 100 Bitburg (see also ‘Ronald Reagan’), 193–5 Cavell, Edith, 65 Blitz, 5, 219 Cemeteries (see ABMC) Bloxham, Donald, 231 Challman, Tim, 201, 207–10, 214, 216 Blythe, Ronald, 205 Chateau-Thierry, 22 Bocage, 85, 128, 258 Cheb, 95, 134 Bolero, Operation, 31 Cherbourg, 96, 98–9, 107, 110 Bomb Group: 44th 153–57; 94th 47; 96th Chirac, Jacques, 243 232; 100th 227; 381st 158–60; 385th Churchill, Winston, 47, 49, 51, 62–4, 86, 39, 40, 55, 139; 388th 204; 392nd 53; 127, 157 446th 191, 259; 466th 154, 204; 486th Clark, Mark, 148, 174 138–9 Clinton, Bill, 235, 247 Bombing: and Eighth Air Force, 34–9, Cobb, James, 248 228–37; and RAF Bomber Command, Cold War: 8, 13, 133, 165, 236, 242; and 34–5, 228–37; casualties from, 35, Eighth Air Force commemoration, 30, 85–6; of Dresden, 146, 230, 231–34, 56, 59, 60, 64, 66, 73–6, 80, 158–62, 264; of Hamburg, 146, 231, 264; of 235; and D-Day commemoration, 83, Hiroshima, 165–66, 233, 236; of 92, 113–17, 127, 181, 184, 194, 244, Nagasaki, 165, 233; representation of, 255, 257–58; and heritage industry, 202, 39–47; of Tokyo, 233 220–21 Bouillon, 97 Collective memory, 5–9 Bowman, Martin, 223 Colleville-sur-mer, 95–6, 152, 249 Breakthrough (1950), 115 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), Brinkley, Douglas, 190, 191 116–17 British-American Commonwealth Connelly, Mark, 231 Association, 59, 64 Combat Crew (1988), 143 Brokaw, Tom, 2, 190, 220, 262, 263 Comer, John, 143 Brooke, Rupert, 3, 68, 76 Command Decision (1948), 144 Brookwood, 28, 57 Commemoration, approach to, 5–6 Brucheville, 109 Commercialisation of memory, Buckley, John, 232 221–25, 207–10, 211–12, Budreau, Lisa, 18, 91 238–44 Bullange, 96, 134 Comité du Débarquement (see also ‘D-Day’; Bury St. Edmunds, 39, 47 ‘Memorials’), 8, 102, 104, 125, Bush, George H.W. 182, 226, 237, 242 212, 215 Bush, George, W. 1 Commonwealth War Graves Bushaway, Bob, 20 Commission (see ‘Imperial War Graves Buton, Philippe, 100 Commission’) Coney Weston, 225 Caen, 239, 241, 243–47, 252 Connington, 225 Caldwell, Thomas, 163 Costigliola, Frank, 87 Calvados, 201, 241 Coty, President, 112 Cambridge Preservation Society, Countdown! (1990), 143 67, 76 Coutances, 109 Canadian Military: Royal Canadian Air Cronkite, Walter, 116, 118 Force, 44; Third Infantry Division, 84; Cruise Missiles, 158, 161, 184 Veterans, 252 Cuban Missile Crisis, 64

294 Index

D-Day: Americanization of, 5, 238–44, Eliade, Merceau, 216 247–48, 249–50, 260–63; and the Anglo- Elveden, 41, 43–6, 51, 55, 58, 65, 75 American special relationship (see ‘special Englehardt, Thomas, 164–68, 193 relationship’); and Anglo-French relations English Heritage, 224 (see Franco-American relations); and De Enola Gay Controversy (1995), 236–37 Gaulle, Charles 87, 118–27; and Epitaph for an Enemy (1949), 115 commercialisation of, 211, 238–50; and Essex Anglo-American Goodwill Comite du Debarqument 8, 102, 104, 125, Association, 55 211; and Eisenhower, Dwight D. 97, 112, Everson, Patricia, 224 116–17, 120, 122–23, 255; first anniversary (1945), 120; fortieth Falklands War, 155, 219 anniversary (1984), 149, 165, 180–93; Fire-bombing, 233 fiftieth anniversary (1994), 204, 210, Flixton, 204, 227 220, 235, 238–41, 247; memorial Forrestal, James, 90, 91 (Bedford, Virginia), 5, 242; museum Footitt, Hillary, 99, 245 (New Orleans), 5, 190, 242; sixtieth Foster, Sir Norman, 235 anniversary (2004), 248–49, 260, 263; Fourth Infantry Division Association: thirtieth anniversary (1974), 134, 177, 139, 170 220; twentieth anniversary (1964), Franco-American relations: after World 118–25; twenty-fifth anniversary (1969), War I, 27–8; in Normandy, 82–4, 125–27 112–15, 238–50; and De Gaulle, 86–90, D-Day: The Sixth of June (1956), 115 104–5, 118–27, 167, 171–72; and Danang, 164–65, 168, 173, 193 commemoration, 91–4, 96–102, 105–11; De Gaulle, Charles 103, 105; and 149–53, 183–87, 190–93, 195–97, 207 Franco-American relations; 86–7, Freeman, Roger, 223 118–21, 123–27, 167, 171, 186, 256 Free French Second Armoured Deighton, Len, 143, 243 Division, 107 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental French Resistance, 5, 103–5, 107, 111, 118, Disorders III (1980), 139 125, 171, 196, 198, 255 Dimbleby, Richard, 57 Friends of the Eighth (FOTE), 223 Dolski, Michael, 242 Friendly Invasion, 30–2, 219, 221 Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, 123 Frontier myth, 166–67 Dresden, 146, 230–32, 234, 264 Fussell, Paul, 88 Durkhiem, Emile, 216 Duxford, Imperial War Museum, 144 Gable, Clark, 144 Gaullism, 8, 105, 244 East Anglia (see also ‘Eighth Air Force’; Gaum, 175 ‘Memorials’; commercialisation of Gavin, James, 212 memory): History of, 2–3; and Eighth Gettysburg, 21, 147, 215, 220, 241, 250 Air Force, 34–9; and friendly invasion, Gettysburg Address, 44, 56, 76, 259 31–3; and museums, 226–28; and Gibbons, Sam, 241–44 tourism, 221–37; and 1992 reunion, Giraud, General Henri, 86 221–27; and village signs, 225 Gold Beach, 84–5, 102–3, 249 East Wretham, 203, 204 Gold Star Mothers, 20, 132–33 Eighth Air Force (see also ‘East Anglia’; Grafton Underwood, 153, 229 ‘Memorials’; ‘Airfields’; ‘Bombing’): Grayling, A.C., 230 commercialisation of, 221–37; and Great Ashfield, 39–41, 55, 59, 68, 78, 157, strategic bombing, 34–9, 228–37; in East 225, 234 Anglia, 34–9; Historical Society, 138, Great Cransley, 55 213, 214, 233; origins of, 31; memorials Great War, 6–7, 14, 17, 23, 28, 43–4, to (see ‘Memorials); museums to (see 77, 131 ‘Museums’) Greatest Generation, 2, 12, 163, 190, 220, Eighth Air Force News, 141 235, 253, 259, 263, 265 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 60–2, 90–1, 94, 97, Greenham Common, 161–62 100, 112, 115–17, 120, 122–23, 241, 255 Grenada, 161, 180

Index 295

Good War (idea of), 2, 11, 12, 164–65, Keene, Jennifer, 20 176–80, 189–93, 195–200 Kelly’s Heroes (1970), 174 Goodbye Mickey Mouse (1982), 143 Kennan, George (see also ‘Cold War’), 66 Goodnight Sweetheart (1993–1999), 219 Kennedy, John F., 66, 166 Graignes, 105 Kent State University, 167, 173 Grandcamp Maisy, 260 King, Henry, 140, 143 Granville, 103 Kirby Bedon, 42 Groton, 226 Kissinger, Henry, 167 Gruenther, General Alfred, 112 Klaus Barbie Trial, 245 Knettishall, 204, 216 Hagopian, Patrick, 178 Kohl, Helmut, 186, 187, 193 Halbwachs, Maurice, 221 Koger, Fred, 143 Halesworth, 227 Koselleck, Reinhardt, 153, 256 Hamburg, 147, 231, 264 Knapp, Andrew, 99, 245, 247 Hanks, Tom, 2, 248, 262 Kremlin, 185 Happy Days (1974–78), 219 Hardwick, 205, 207, 227 Lafayette, 8, 28, 123 Harper-Mitchell, Reverend William, Lagrou, Pieter, 101 49–53, 56–9, 63, 157–58, 259 La Hay-du-Puits, 109 Harris, Arthur, 155, 231–32 Lakenheath, 158 Hemington, 225 La Manche, 11, 96, 104, 172, 211, 216, Henri-Chappelle, 74, 95, 96 238, 240–1, 258, 260 Heritage Industry, 12, 202, 218, 222, 237 Lavenham, 142, 153, 227 Hingham, 3, 26, 56, 226 LeClerc, General, 107, 255 Hiroshima, 165–66, 233, 236 Lefebvre, Laurent, 249 History of the English-Speaking Peoples Le Mont St. Michel, 251 (1958), 63 Lessey, 109 Hitchcock, William, 99, 246 Liberté “44” (see also ‘commercialisation Horham, 205, 227 of memory’), 239–40 Horsham St. Faith, 227 Libya, 161 Hoskins, W.G., 34, 228 Lilly, J. Robert, 89 Howie, Thomas, 106, 247 Lincoln, Abraham, 26, 43, 52, 55, 76, Hynes, Samuel, 37 80, 226 Littlington, 225 Imperial War Graves Commission, Lloyd, David, 25, 210 19, 46 Lloyd, Selwyn, 79 Imperial War Museum, Duxford (see also Lodge, Henry Cabot, 112 ‘American Air Museum’), 235 Luftwaffe, 40, 67 Irwin, Reverend F.W., 153–8 Isigny-sur-mer, 102 Madingley (see also ‘ABMC Ivy Leaves, 139 Cemeteries’), 57, 67–70, 74–8, 80–1, 83, 162–3, 235, 260 Jagger, Dean, 146 Macarthur, Douglas, 114 Japan, 183, 185, 193, 236, 263 Macmillan, Harold, 61–2, 66, 79 Jarrell, Randal, 36, 78, 235 Magee, John Gillespie, 44 Jim Crow Segregation (see also Marshall, George, 12, 15, 72, 115, 211, ‘Segregation’), 77, 255 254, 258 Joan of Arc, 103 Marshall Plan, 12, 64–5, 72, 74, 88, 113 Johnson, Haynes, 190, 199 Martlesham Heath, 53, 227 Johnson, Lyndon B., 120–3, 167 Mayo, James, 210 Jones, William, 150 McCarthy, Joseph, 72, 113 Juno Beach, 84–5, 102, 249 McCrae, John, 76 McGuire, William C. Kammen, Michael, 173, 218 McKee, Alexander, 230 Kaplan, Alice, 89 McLachlan, Ian, 223–4

296 Index

Memorials: 44th Bomb Group, 153–8; 79th 241–247; Mighty Eighth Museum, Infantry Division, 249; 82nd Airborne Savannah, 232; Norfolk and Suffolk Division, 97; 90th Infantry Division, Utah Aviation Museum, Flixton, 227; Parham Beach, 96, 126, 170, 176, 249; 94th Airfield Museum, Parham, 227; Bomb Group, 47; 96th Bomb Group, Rougham, 227; Seething, 227; 47–53; 116th Infantry Regiment, Omaha Smithsonian Institution, 236–7; Beach, 105, 111; 359th Fighter Group, Snetterton, 227; Utah Beach Museum, 226; 381st Bomb Group, 158–61; 385th St. Marie du Mont, 82 Bomb Group, 40–41, 55; 388th Bomb Murrow, Ed, 192 Group, 204; 392nd Bomb Group, 53; Murrow, Lance, 192 446th Bomb Group, 191, 259; 466th My Lai (see also ‘Vietnam’), 166, 173, 199 Bomb Group, 154; American Memorial Chapel, St. Paul’s, 59–64; Bury Nagasaki, 165, 233 St. Edmunds, 47; D-Day (Bedford, National Association of Deportees, Virginia), 5, 242; East Wretham, 204; Resistors and Patriots, 186 First Engineer Special Brigade, Utah National Commission for Fine Arts Beach, 97, 170; First Infantry Division, (NCFA), 150, 170 22, 94–6; Fourth Infantry Division, 170, National Guard Association of the United 176; Grafton Underwood, 153; Great States (NGAUS), 123, 134, 240 Ashfield, 39, 55; Great Cransley, 55; National World War II Memorial, 1, 2, Martlesham Heath, 53; Mendlesham, 14, 263 133, and 133, footnote 10; Metfield, 205; NATO, 60, 73–4, 112–3, 115, 117, 119, National Guard, Omaha Beach, 122–3, 125, 151, 171, 180, 185, 256 125–6; National World War II, 1, 2, 14, Neillands, Robin, 232 263; Old Buckenham, 205; Pointe du Nixon, Richard, 62, 126, 174 Hoc, 148–9, 182–3; Quidenham, 49–54; Noonan, Peggy, 182 Rangers, 182–3; Rackheath, 205, 225; Normandy: battle of, 84–6; invasion of Rattlesden, 205; Raydon, 205; Royston, (see also ‘Operation Overlord’), 84–5; 153; Second Air Division Memorial impact of liberation, 88–90; memorials in Library, 65–6; Second Infantry Division, (see ‘memorials’); memory of Allied Omaha Beach, St. Vith, 149–52; bombing, 244–6; tourism in (see also Seething, 191; Statue of World Peace, commercialisation of memory), Grandcamp Maisy, 260–1; Wendling, 53 201–2, 207–10, 211–12, 238–44; and Memorial du Caen (see also ‘Museums’), commemoration of D-Day (see ‘D-Day’); 241–7 and De Gaulle, Charles, 86–7, 118–21, Memphis Belle (1944), 46, 144 123–27, 167, 171, 186, 256 Memphis Belle (1990), 234–5, 261 North, General Thomas, 80–1, 82–3, 92, Mendlesham, 133 105, 116, 150, 168–73, 175, 212 Metfield, 205 Norwich, 50, 56, 64–6, 154, 158, 161, Miller, Glen, 229, 248 221–2 Mitterrand, Francois, 182, 196, 244 Molesworth, 162 Old Buckenham, 205 Monuments aux Morts,24 Old Catton, 42 Mosse, George, 210, 250 Olympic Games (1984), 184 Moulin, Jean, 118–9 Omaha Beach, 84, 92–5, 102–3, 122, 125, Mrs Miniver (1942), 56–7, 143 133, 137, 149, 152, 192, 216, 218, 239, Museums: 100th Bomb Group Museum, 241–2, 249, 251, 260, 262 Thorpe Abbotts, 227; Airborne Forces Ophuls, Marcel, 219 Museum, Ste. Mere Eglise, 212; Oradour-sur-Glane, 104, 193 American Air Museum, Duxford, 235–7; Orne, 241 Bassingbourn, 227; Carentan, 249; Over Here (1996), 219 Colleville-sur-mer, 249; Halesworth, Overlord, Operation, 84, 87, 114, 117, 164 227; Hardwick, 227; Horham, 227; Horsham St. Faith, 227; Lavenham, 227; Paine, Thomas, 56, 226 Martlesham, 227; Memorial du Caen, Panama, 180

Index 297

Parham, 227 Saffron Walden, 53 Patton, General George S., 106–11, 255 Salerno, 100 Peck, Gregory, 140 Sarkosy, President, 248 Pells, Richard, 12, 71, 253 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 86, 114 Pennsylvania, 21, 77 Savage, Frank, 140 Pentagon, 74, 120, 178–9, 235 Saving Private Ryan (1998), 5, 190, 242, Percy, 108–9 247, 262 Pershing, John J., 17–18, 82 Schaffer, Ronald, 35–6, 231, 233 Petain, Marchel (see also ‘Vichy’), 86 Schivelbusch, Walter, 199 Picauville, 108 Sebald, W.G., 264 Piehler, Kurt, 14, 18 Second Air Division Association, 138 Pointe du Hoc (see also ‘Ronald Reagan’ Second Air Division Memorial Library, and ‘Memorials’), 11, 85, 116, 147–9, 65–6, 161, 221 182–3, 187–91, 195–6, 208, 216, 220, Second Infantry Division Association, 22, 244, 260 134, 139, 147, 149–52, 161 Pompidou, Georges, 167 Second SS (German), 104 Portsmouth, 117 Seething, 144–5, 191, 227 Prost, Antoine, 131 Segregation, 33, 77, 263–4 Putnam, David, 234 September 11th 2001, 2, 263 Pyle, Ernie, 37 Sherman, Daniel, 25 Sherry, Michael, 233 Queen Elizabeth II, 212, 248 Shipdham, 153–9, 191, 203, 222, 227 Quidenham, 49, 50–4, 57–9, 63–8, 75, 78, Signal Monuments, 102, 105 155–7, 232, 234 Slotkin, Richard, 166–7, 198 Smithsonian Institution, 236–7 Rackheath, 205, 225 Snetterton Heath, 49 Rattlesden, 205 Society of the First Infantry Division, 22, Raydon, 205 94–6, 212–3, 218 Reagan, Ronald: and Bitburg, 193–5; and Somerleyton, 42 D-Day, 180–9; and Ireland, 185; and South Cove, 42 Pointe du Hoc Speech, 187–9; and South Korea, 161, 183, 261 Vietnam, 178–80, 181, 188–9, 192–5 Soviet Union (see also ‘Cold War’), 71, Regensburg, 146 119, 167–8, 179, 180, 184–5, 188, 191, Renan, Ernst, 64 202, 220, 257 Renaud, Alexandre, 96–8, 101, 104, 111 Spanish-American War (1898), 26, 47 Reynolds, David, 33 Special relationship, 4, 8, 10, 26, 30, Ridgway, General Matthew, 73, 47–8, 51, 58–64, 64 (footnote), 66–7, 115, 195 77, 80, 155, 157–8, 162, 230, 254, Ridgewell, 143, 159–60 259, 260 Roberts, Mary Louise, 78, 94, 246 Spielberg, Steven (see also ‘Saving Robin, Ron, 18–20, 72 Private Ryan’), 2, 5, 190, 220, 242, Roosevelt, Franklin D., 43, 86, 127 260, 262 Rougham, 227 St. Lô, 103,106, 246, 247 Rousso, Henri, 82, 101, 118, 219, 245 St. Marie du Mont, 106 Royal Air Force (RAF): and Air Marshal St. Paul’s Cathedral, 8 Harris, 155, 231–2; and area bombing, St. Tropez, 100 230–1, 233–4, 246; Bomber Command, St. Vith, 149, 150–4, 161 34–5, 44, 57, 230–1, 234, 245, 252; Stars and Stripes, 142 Fighter Command, 229; Memory and Statue of Liberty, 28, 87, 106, 249 Memorials, 44, 53, 231, 233–4; in art and Ste. Jean-du-Corai, 103 literature, 229, 233–4 Ste. Mère Église, 96, 100, 102, 104, 106, Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), 44 108–9, 112, 117, 122, 124, 211–12 Royston, 153 Steeple Morden, 153, 225 Rusk, Dean, 120, 171 Steinbeck, John, 35, 37, 38 Ryan, Cornelius, 115, 118, 182 Stewart, Jimmy, 145

298 Index

Stimson, Henry, 90–1 United States Air Force (USAF), 66, 163 Stoler, Mark, 262 United States Army: 29th Infantry Division, Stovall, Harvey, 140–1, 145 84; 79th Infantry Division, 249; 82nd Sturken, Marita, 215 Airborne Division, 84, 97, 212; 90th Suez Crisis, 8, 61, 79, 114, 118 Infantry Division, 96, 126, 170, 176, 249; Sword Beach, 84–5, 102 101st Airborne Division, 84; 116th Infantry Regiment, 105, 111; First Taiwan, 183 Engineer Special Brigade, 97, 170; First Taylor, Robert, 228 Infantry Division, 22, 94–5, 212, 218, Teague, Olin. S., 148 249; Fourth Infantry Division, 84, 139, Tennyson, Julian, 3, 4 170, 176; National Guard, 122–6, 134, Terkle, Studs, 220 167, 240; Rangers, 84–5, 116, 183, 187; Test Pilot (1938), 144 Second Infantry Division, 22, 134, 139, Tocqueville, Alexi de, 28 147, 149–53, 161; Third Army, 255, Transatlantic relations (see ‘Anglo- 106, 107 American relations’; ‘Anglo-Saxonism’; United States Army Air Forces (USAAF): Franco-American relations’; ‘special 44th, 153–7; 94th, 47; 96th 232; 100th, relationship’) 227; 381st, 158–9, 160; 385th, 39, 40, 55, The Aerodrome (1941), 34 139; 388th, 204; 392nd, 53; 446th, 191, The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), 144 259; 466th, 154, 204; 486th, 138–9 The Big Red One (1980), 23 Utah Beach: landings at, 84, 85, 109; The Dirty Dozen (1967), 174 memorials at, 11, 97–8, 102, 107, The Longest Day (1959), 115, 182 112, 126, 147, 168–76, 197; museum The Longest Day (1962), 116, 182, 250 at, 82 The People’s War (1969), 219 The Sorrow and the Pity (1969), 219 Vallavielle, Michele de, 170, 172 The True Glory (1945), 117 Vasselais, Guy de la, 106–8 The Vichy Syndrome (1987), 245 Ver Hulst, G.M., 171 The War Lover (1962), 144 Verdun, 187, 193, 208, 250 The Way to the Stars (1945), 141 Veterans: associations, 22, 94, 123, 131–5, The Wonder Years (1988–1993), 219 138–40, 147, 153–60, 212–14; memory, The World at War (1974), 219 149–63; pilgrimages and reunions, Thetford, 56, 226 140–9, 202–09, 216–18, 222; trauma, Third Air Division, 41 135–8 Third Air Force, 163 Vichy France, 86, 88, 118, 220 Third Infantry Division (UK), 84 Victory culture, 164–7, 173–4, 183, 188–9, Third Infantry Division (US), 22, 100 193–8 Third Infantry Division (Canadian): 84 Vierville-sur-mer, 95, 122–5, 152 Thiry, Paul (see also Utah Beach’), 169, Vietnam War: cultural and social effects of: 170–2, 197 164–8, 168–76; memorial, 179; Thorpe Abbotts, 225, 227 syndrome, 178, 180–1, 194–5, 242,; and Tibenham, 145, 205 veterans, 178–9; and victory culture, Todman, Dan, 261 164–7, 173–4, 183, 188–9, 193–8 Tourism (see ‘commercialisation of memory’) Villedieu, 108 Trevelyan, G.M., 67,footnote 143 Voie de la Liberté, 106–12, 211, 255, 260 Triboulet, Raymond, 102, 104–5, 111–13, Voie Sacre, 106 124–5, 171, 259 Trudgian, Nicholas, 229 Wakeﬁeld, Dr. J.P., 149–52 Truman Doctrine, 113 Walter, Linda, 138 Truman, Harry, 90–1, 108, 113, 236 Walter, Tony, 203 Turow, Scott, 261 Warner, Rex, 34 Twelve O’Clock High (1948), 141 Warsaw Pact, 113 Twelve O’Clock High (1949), 39, Warth, C.J., 153–6, 158 140–6, 223 Washington, George, 26–7, 48, 226 Twelve O’Clock High (1964–67), 144 Watergate, 135, 199

Index 299

Wayne, John, 250 World War I: commemoration of, 17–25; Weeks, Jim, 21, 215, 217 and transatlantic relations, 25–9 Wendling, 53, 205 Wormingford, 205 West Germany, 74, 113, 119, 184, 186 Wyler, William, 46, 56, 143–4 Weston Longville, 154 We’ll Meet Again (1982), 155, 229 Wiesel, Elie, 194 Wieviorka, Olivier, 85, 246 Yanks (1979), 223 Williams, Wheeler, 76 Yeats, W.B., 44 Wilson, Woodrow, 87 Yom Kippur War, 168 Winter, Jay, 23–5, 218 Young, John, 228 Winthrop, John, 3, 226 Wohl, Robert, 146 Zanuck, Daryl F., 116–8, 140 Woolnough, John, 138 Zinn, Howard, 36