R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:13 PM Page 2 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:13 PM Page R1

REFERENCE ATLAS

World: Political R2 : Physical R15

World: Physical R4 : Political R16

North America: Political R6 Middle East: Physical/Political R18

North America: Physical R7 : Political R20

United States: Political R8 Africa: Physical R21

United States: Physical R10 : Political R22

Middle America: Physical/Political R12 Pacific Rim: Physical/Political R24

South America: Political R14 Polar R26

ATLAS KEY

T Ice cap u E n v d r e a r g r M e e i x n M e f d o o r

u f e o s t n r

t e G s a t i r n a s s s l a n d

Desert SYMBOL KEY

Canal Depression Below level Lava Claimed boundary Elevation Dry salt lake Sand International boundary National capital Lake Swamp Towns Rivers

Reference Atlas R1 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:13 PM Page R2

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150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0° A A R C T I C ds eth Islan Elizab Queen

Chukchi a (KALAALLIT NUNAAT) e Sea Beaufort S Sea Baffin Den. d RUSSIA n M Bay la Yukon a n c e k Baffin e e Great r n Bear Lake Island w 60 U.S. z G r

°N i

B e o

Anchorage CIRCLE Bering Great N Sea Gulf of Slave Lake Reykjavik Alaska ICELAND s Os n Island Hudson Aleutia Bay Labrador UNITED Sea KINGDOM DENM Vancouver Calgary Dublin NET G Seattle re IRELAND G at n BELG issouri L Island of o M a nd k Lo Pa e Newfoundland C s NORTH Toronto SWI Chicago FRAN New York City Mad San Francisco UNITED STATES rid R io Washington, D.C. Oh NORTH PORTUGAL Azores M PaCIFIC i SPAIN Los Angeles p Port. 30°N ip s is Atlanta A Ho s us s Rabat R to i Madeira Is. i n TUN o M ATLaNTIC Port. G MOROCCO A L ra B TROP n A Canary Is. G D IC OF CA d Gulf of H P. NCER e A E Sp. E M R go R A N in WESTERN MEXICO A OCEaN S m . Hawaiian IC o .S U SAHARA A N D CO I Islands I o RI Morocco M t O N U.S. O n T A D a R T S UE ST. KITTS & NEVIS I P CAPE R ANTIGUA & BARBUDA U VERDE A Sea M I L ST. LUCIA SENEGAL A N ST. VINCENT & GAMBIA M THE GRENADINES GUINEA- GUINEA TOGO

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO N

COSTA RICA BISSAU I N A E N BURKINA FASO E E N E VENEZUELA T FRENCH R E A ˆ B G N I Medellin O O S E H U GUIANA L Bogota A A O U R I C R G E V Y Fr. SI R I R E ' A IB I L COLOMBIA N D Christmas Island N A GUIN Kiribati EQUATOR A

Quito Ne M 0° gr o E Galapagos ECUADOR Manaus SAO Islands on & PRI Amaz Ecua. C a PERU ir U e d Recife c a Marquesas a BRAZILco L y M is F a c Islands l n i a Salvador Fr. r F (Bahia) Brasilia o SAMOA a S AMERICAN BOLIVIA SAMOA Sucre SOUTH U.S. FRENCH Rio de Fr. PARAGUAY Janeiro W TONGA PRICORN Sao Paulo TROPIC OF CA Asuncion ATLaNTIC T

a G n

a r Porto Alegre

Cordoba a P URUGUAY OCEaN C Buenos Montevideo 30°S Aires SOUTH CHILE ARGENTINA PaCIFIC H Falkland Islands Chatham Is. U.K. N.Z. OCEaN Tierra del Fuego South lan agel Georgia MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON) it of M e Stra ag U.K. WORLD ss a P POLITICAL ke ra D 0 mi 2000 Antarctic J E 60°S TIC CIRCL Peninsula ANTARC 0 km 2000 Weddell WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION Sea

Berkner Ross Island Sea K

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R2 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:13 PM Page R3

9 10111213141516

0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E O C E a N A Franz Josef Severnaya Land New Siberian Zemlya Islands East a Barents Kara Siberian Sea e Sea Svalbard Sea Nor. Novaya Zemlya n ia g L e Y F e w a Y na r e A I e N N ° o S ni 60 W se B E N L O y Yak utsk Bering R N A b Sea O E N Sea of Kamchatka D D N RUSSIA Peninsula Oslo E Okhotsk

W St. Petersburg O a b S EST. Yekaterinburg ED e Volga A S LATVIA Novosibirsk Lake m Sakhalin M DENMARK ic LITH. Omsk u alt Moscow Samara Baikal r NETH. B Ir BELARUS Ural ty POLAND Astana sh GERMANY Ulaanbaatar n BELG. Kiev CZECH KAZAKHSTAN Harbin Paris REP. SLO UKRAINE MONGOLIA NORTH Hokkaido VAK AUST.HUNG. IA MOLD. KOREA Sapporo C SWITZ. C T SLOV. ROMANIA AZERBAIJAN a as Almaty Shenyang CROAT. s hk p U e FRANCE . Z Honshu SERB. i B n ITALY H a E t Beijing Pyongyang

K Bishkek & BULGARIA GEORGIA n TU IS . T w Rome S RK A JAPAN B ARMENIA e M N KYRGYZSTAN o IA M E l Tianjin MONT. ACED a N l Tokyo AN . Ankara IST TAJIKISTAN e SOUTH NORTH Me B A Y IN dit AL GREECE Ashgabat N Du KOREA er TURKEY shanbe Osaka ra CHINA 30°N n Tehran N Algiers ea SYRIA A Islamabad Kyushu n S CYPRUS ST angtz ea I e TUNISIA LEBANON IRAQ B IRAN N Lahore Chengdu Y Shanghai ag HA N A Tripoli ISRAEL hd G A Brahmaputra PaCIFIC JORDAN ad AF Wuhan L T G S Delhi a N BHUTAN The People's Republic G Cairo KUWAIT I n EP

ge AL of China claims Taiwan

E K s D

New s Guan u g R LIBYA EGYPT BAHRAIN QATAR A zho

d as its 23rd province. N P u R Delhi I n i Karachi Dhaka TAIWAN A I BANGLADESH

l Riyadh e e

U.A.E. Philippine OCEaN d Kolkata Hong Kong SAUDI Muscat MYANMAR Hanoi (BURMA) V Sea S N LAOS I Hainan NORTHERN ARABIA A Mumbai INDIA M E e Luzon M Yangon e T South MARIANA a Bay k N O Hyderabad o CHAD ERITREA A NIGER Sanaa n China Manila ISLANDS I of g M L Khartoum Arabian THAILAND Sea U.S. Niamey YEMEN Bengal Bangkok PHILIPPINES SUDAN Sea Bangalore CAMBODIA DJIBOUTI Chennai Phnom MARSHALL N'Djamena

TOGO Socotra N Ho Chi Minh ISLANDS Penh I NIGERIA N Addis Ababa Yemen A

N PALAU E A City O

N SRI E CENTRAL I O Colombo A B Lagos R AFRICAN ETHIOPIA L Mindanao FEDERATED STATES LANKA BRUNEI H E A REPUBLIC S Kuala OF G M E M A M A Bangui V L C O I Lumpur A EQ. S YSIA D Sumatra KIRIBATI GUINEA DEM. REP. UGANDA L Mogadishu EQUATOR A Borneo O OF THE KENYA M SINGAPORE GABON G CONGO NAURU SAO TOME N Nairobi O Brazzaville RWANDA Celebes & PRINCIPE C SEYCHELLES CABINDA Kinshasa BURUNDI INDONESIANew Guinea TUVALU Ang. Dodoma Dar es Salaam Jakarta Java PAPUA Luanda TANZANIA Surabaya NEW GUINEA SOLOMON M ISLANDS F A COMOROS Port L ANGOLA A E Moresby ZAMBIA W EAST TIMOR U Darwin I Lusaka Q (TIMOR-LESTE) mbe I a zi B Antananarivo HarareZ M A MAURITIUS FIJI NAMIBIA Z Coral VANUATU ZIMBABWE MADAGASCAR ISLANDS Windhoek BOTSWANA O INDIaN Sea M Reunion Gaborone Fr. Tshwane (Pretoria) Maputo Orange SWAZILAND OCEaN New Caledonia Bloemfontein Fr. G SOUTH AFRICA LESOTHO Brisbane South Cape Town Perth g Pacific lin ar D Sydney Ocean M u North rr Canberra Island Melbourne ay Auckland Tasmania ABBREVIATIONS NEW ZEALAND H Kerguelen Islands AUST...... AUSTRIA Fr. Wellington South B.&H...... BOSNIA & Island HERZEGOVINA BELG...... BELGIUM MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON) CROAT...... CROATIA CZECH REP...... CZECH REPUBLIC DEM. REP...... DEMOCRATIC OF THE REPUBLIC OF 60 CONGO THE CONGO J °S EQ. GUINEA ...... EQUATORIAL GUINEA EST...... ESTONIA HUNG...... HUNGARY LITH...... LITHUANIA MACED...... MACEDONIA ea MOLD...... MOLDOVA s S ANTARCTICA Ros NETH...... NETHERLANDS SERB...... SERBIA MONT...... MONTENEGRO K SLOV...... SLOVENIA SWITZ...... SWITZERLAND U.A.E...... UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 9 10111213141516

Reference Atlas R3 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:13 PM Page R4

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150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 0° A Arctic ands Oodaaq I. eth Isl Elizab and ueen ere Isl Q Pole Ellesm North Magnetic Chukchi a Banks Melville e Sea Beaufort Island Island GREENLAND S d B Sea Baffin n rooks R e Victoria a ang M B l aff Bay ALASKA a Island in n

c e

k I e n Mt. McKinley Great Bear s

o e l r k a

u n

Y (Denali) Lake C n G

60 z ° Range d w

N a 20,320 ft i

B ask e ARCTIC r Al a CIRCLE o Bering 6,194 m N C

n Sea o

a Great Slave

s a Alexander t Lake Iceland

S Hudson s Archipelago M sland d I o Bay Aleutian N on u els L Labrador I Queen Charlotte n i a

s N t b

Islands a a d r Sea A North

i a British n n Lake l d

s n Sea Vancouver T e o Isles i Winnipeg Island h i r Ireland e N S Great ng NORTHa Britain a U sou G R Mis ri l r e ea Island of d O t E C a La Newfoundland c P k s e s North a M s ain GreatC Salt nt Nova Scotia AMERICA ou Lake Central M o Y Corsi d t n Iberian Death Valley lora Lowland a Co K i North Sardin a i h Peninsula -282 ft p c Azores Pacific C a -86 m ip l M e 30 e s a °N s O i p

R s p H r s A i i a R un o Mo w M Madeira a i G G Atlantic tlas i a r Islands A n Ocean a nde I s Canary D l a Baja n TROPIC O Gulf of Islands d F CANCER California Bahama s Mexico W Islands Ocean E S S Hawaii Cuba T Gr I N e a D t e Hispaniola I Jamaica r E A n S P t i l l e s Cape Verde S Lesser Islands N CENTRAL i Antilles g er

O AMERICA Trinidad A E s o o noc e r G u i n n ri U p p L a O G l u L i ia n L na High Gulf e lands Guin EQUATOR Negro 0° I Y Galapagos A zon s Amazon ma l Islands A a N a r n i T e o d d N D Basin a c

a M n s ancisco t r

Marquesas i F

F E n s o E Islands SOUTH a S S C Brazilian o S T Lake Titicaca Mato Grosso Samoa o uam k ot Plateau Highlands Islands u A A I r t South s I ch a T ip c l S a AMERICAG P F o a o Tahiti e c l m n a r a i ie A a g n t g a r j y o a n i n a a d I a g s D r

I s . u I C

s s e a

. ORN h a . s F CAPRIC y P a TROPIC O e Atlantic c r

G Easter Island t o A

Aconcagua Ocean

N s 22,834 ft a 6,960 m p 30°S m MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON) a

D South P

a

i

n E Valdes Peninsula Chiloe Island o -131 ft g -40 m

a

Pacific t S

H a P Falkland Islands South Georgia Ocean Tierra del Fuego an South agell t of M Sandwich WORLD Strai Islands South PHYSICAL South Shetland Orkney Islands Islands 0 mi 2000 Antarctic J S LE 60° TIC CIRC Peninsula ANTARC 0 km 2000 Bellingshau sen Se a Weddell Q u WINKEL TRIPEL PROJECTION Ellsworth Land Sea Ronne Ice Marie Byrd Land Shelf Vinson Massif S 16,067 ft I N A Ross Ice 4,897 m T A Shelf O U N K T I C M T R A N S A N T A R C

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R4 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:13 PM Page R5

9 10111213141516

0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E Ocean A

East a Kara a Barents mly Laptev Sea Siberian Sea Ze Sea Svalbard a Sea y a v L a o e e S N n a n Y ia e Central g n e is SIBERIA U ey °N rw a 60 o v i r Siberian Bering B a a N n na i l O e d b West L Sea n n M Plateau Sea of Kamchatka a i o ra c l a Siberian Anga Okhotsk Peninsula S u

a P Ir A n tys leu s. e n h tian I

t S a Amur s

a e Plain d c p Lake i

sh North ti o O n n b

l r Baikal a Sea a u l s s B E s n E I e r a l reat t h P g i N o r l A r tain O o lta u V y R The Steppes Mo K E U unta p s Elbrus ins B I Hokkaido C l 18,510 ft Aral ASIAn O Japan A Dan S h a G Sea of ube Ca 5,642 m Sea i a n uc T Japan Black Sea as Y N us Caspian e K (East Sea) Corsica M Taklimakan l o o t l r r an s. Sea o t e Desert w h a Sardinia C Honshu ula K h Yellow d Z unlun Shan i North M e i t e a n Sea r Sicily g a N 30°N r s P a ro H l a

ns n s u a m i i s a e d Plateau of Tibet ount a M ngtze n p

n I M n Cyprus a East d o I o Y

s S n a e a un M B rahmaputra a S ta A China l h Pacific -1,349 ft in s o s L A Y A I t L -411 m Sea u o i N y D b ange k i Mt. Everest G s y l u e 29,035 ft S y a R R ARABIAN a n 8,850 m l w Taiwan Ocean e Philippine SAHARA e D d

PENINSULA e n e INDIA M Sea s S e Hainan e k Luzon e Bay of o r n P a Arabian Deccan Mariana t g h i B Plateau Bengal l A i Sea Indochina South p Islands lu SAHEL n p N e n d Peninsula i e n i N d Andaman g A a f China e e i o m r l lf Islands e u I a G s n l M i Sea a AFRICAW l a I l S Ethiopian a u n C E Sri Lanka e h m s d n a R r G u i n e a i o i s Marshall e t Highlands S n Nicobar Is. O e e Islands N P Malay N

i

l Peninsula E e Maldive Gulf of Congo S M u S Islands m Guinea EQUATOR o Gilbert Lake a Borneo I t l r M E L a u L A Islands o Victoria Kilimanjaro Indonesia c A w Congo 19,340 ft Celebes c Bismarck e 5,895 m Greater Sunda N r Basin Lake Seychelles a New Archipelago G s Guinea E u Tanganyika Islands

i n Java Solomon S e F a Arafura Islands Sea I Madagascar

A

b e am ez

i V Z g

N Coral a

sla n

a ene I nds n m ar

sc u a a Sea i M a b Fiji

Indian Great t R u D Kalahari Sandy Desert Islands e g s Desert r

e e g New r b

t s n n AUSTRALIA Caledonia e i k

a Ocean d r Lake Eyre G D -52 ft, -16 m i South v Great i Victoria Desert g Pacific in D rl a t MERIDIAN OF GREENWICH (LONDON) D a Ocean e r Murr G Tasman ay Mt. Kosciuszko Sea 7,310 ft 2,228 m North Island Tasmania NEW Kerguelen Islands ZEALAND H South Island

Auckland Islands

South Magnetic 60 J Pole °S n d u d L a Q u e e n M a ins unta Mo d tic a n ea rc a L ss S ta r i Ro n t o a i c ANTARCTICA s V helf n S

a Ice

r oss T R K

9 10111213141516

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70 60 80 N N ° ° ° ° ° N N ASIA N ARCTICN 70 60 A OCEaN Greenland A 180° Sea No EUROPE rth M E it agn Queen L Bering tra etic Ellesmere C 10°W g S P R in ol Island I r e GREENLAND C Be Elizabeth Sea Point Barrow C (KALAALLIT NUNAAT) I Den. T C Parry Islands R 170°W on Beaufort Islan A Yuk ds Baffin B Sea 20°W B ALASKA Banks Bay U.S. Island Qeqertarsuaq

D M Victoria B a a a f v c Boothia f i

k s 160°W Island Peninsula i n e S Nuuk n Great I t YUKON z s r (Godthab) l a Gulf of i Bear Lake a i e t 30°W NUNAVUTn Alaska TERRITORY d

C NORTHWEST C TERRITORIES Southampton Labrador N Island ° 50 Great Sea 50 °N CANADASlave Lake 150 °W N Hudson E BRITISH a W R c s A N F a Bay O 40°W b D U a O L N h A t ll B D A S i L A ch R COLUMBIA C r A S hu D ALBERTA C A D K N n D Vancouver A r T MANITOBA e D K C v QUEBEC O Island H e E S R W Lake Y A Gulf of PaCIFIC N Winnipeg St.-Pier St. Lawrence re & Miquelon P.E.I. Fr. 140°W WASHINGTON °N M N.B. 40 40 NOVA SCOTIA °N Missouri O NORTH Lake ME. MONTANA Superior OCEaN OREGON DAKOTA Ottawa E MINN. M VT. E U I Lake IDAHO C N.H. SOUTH H Huron 50°W WYOMING WIS. I L. OntarioMASS. N G DAKOTA A NEW YORK R.I. Great Lake N Salt Lake Michigan L. Erie CONN. T C IOWA PA. A NEVADA NEBRASKA L N.J.

A OHIO I DEL. ATLaNTIC F UTAH ILL. IND. O COLORADO W MD. R KANSAS W.VA. a I s N VA. hin OCEaN I g N A UNITED STATES to ° 30 KENTUCKY n, 30 °N N MISSOURI D.C.

F Ar i N.C. Islands F ka p TENNESSEE ARIZONA ns p U.K. S as i s OKLAHOMA s i S.C. NEW ARK. s s MEXICO i MISS.

1 M ALA. GEORGIA Guadalupe I. TEXAS Mex. 3 F T M Rio LA. L RO G O PI r R C a I BARBADOS 130 O 2 D °W F C n A 4 d A N C e ER E G 7 Gulf BAHAMAS ST. KITTS AND NEVIS N G 20°N 5 Nassau 20° 6 8 DOMINICAN X of REPUBLIC 9 10 Havana S Mexico D anto 11 I 13 16 CUBA omin 12 go PUERTO 15 21 HAITI RICO 14 C 17 24 32 Cayman Is. U.S. DOMINICA 19 U.K. Port-au- 18 Mexico20 22 31 Prince ST. LUCIA 23O 25 30 JAMAICA Kingston ST. VINCENT AND 60°W City 28 BELIZE THE GRENADINES 26 GRENADA H 27 H 29 CaribbeanTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO RAS DU 10°N A ON Sea L H A y it r 1. BAJA CALIFORNIA EM C o R NICARAGUA T d l 2. BAJA CALIFORNIA A la a O ana NORTH U a lv D a C SUR G m a A am te S V an 10°N a n L P 3. SONORA Gu Sa A San Jose 4. CHIHUAHUA S PANAMA AMERICA EL 5. SINALOA J 6. DURANGO SOUTH J POLITICAL 7. COAHUILA 20. MEXICO 0 mi 1000 8. NUEVO LEON 21. DISTRITO FEDERAL Cocos I. AMERICA 9. ZACATECAS 22. TLAXCALA C.R. 0° 0 km 1000 10. TAMAULIPAS 23. MORELOS 11. NAYARIT 24. PUEBLA AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION 12. AGUASCALIENTES 25. 13. SAN LUIS POTOSI 26. GUERRERO EQUATOR 14. JALISCO 27. OAXACA 15. GUANAJUATO 28. 16. QUERETARO 29. CHIAPAS K 17. HIDALGO 30. K 18. COLIMA 31. QUINTANA ROO 19. MICHOACAN 32. YUCATAN 80°W 70°W 1234567

R6 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R7

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70 60 80 N N ° ° ° ° ° N N ASIA N Oodaaq Island ArcticN 70 60 A Lincoln Greenland A Ocean Sea 180° Sea Chukchi Sea E EUROPE Queen L C 10°W Bering R Ellesmere I Point Barrow North Magnetic Pole GREENLAND C Sea N Elizabeth C Seward B Hayes I r o Gunnbjorn St. Lawrence Island Peninsula o rt T o h Island Peninsula 12,139 ft C k S R s lo Islands 3,700 m 170°W uko p Beaufort A Nunivak Y n R e Melville an Baffin B Island ge Sea Island 20°W B K ALASKA Banks Devon I. Bay us Mt. McKinley (Denali) Island et I. kokwim 20,320 ft ers Bristol Prince of Som Bay 6,194 m A l a s k a Wales I. D Ale nge R Victoria a utian Ra a B a v Kenai n Boothia f i 160°W g M Island Peninsula f s e i Peninsula a n S Nuuk Kodiak I. M t Yukon c Melville I r (Godthab) k a s a Gulf of e i c Great Peninsula Cape Farewell 30°W n l t 19,551 ft k a Alaska z e Bear Lake Foxe

n n 5,959 m Plateau i e z Basin

d

i Mt. Logan e C M C C C t Southampton Labrador N s H ° o . Island ud 50 Great son St 50 a A rait Sea °N Slave Lake Alexander s Ungava l t 150° Archipelago R a N Bay W v e Hudson M Peace Queen O Lake A Charlotte o Athabasca Bay 40°W u a Islands c D Belcher LABRADOR n C s C ba C lson o a h e Islands t Fraser th urchill N Island of D l A I D a u K G J Newfoundland Plateau m a s i m n b i tchew A e D a n a a s t Avalon Vancouver i sk n a n Y R a B u Peninsula s S Island a L o e M Lake N y M Pacific g t Winnipeg E spe Gulf of St. Lawrence s a Olympic n E S I n G . . H a en Peninsula a i e P Cape Breton Island t c N 140°W R n n Pri ° M e e nce Ed 40 A r ward Island 40 C r

s o u w Nova

° e N l a a

u M L e d is L Scotia

m s Lake O ouri T . Bay of a t S g b Superior S Fundy c N Ocean i Ottawa a I E n s n A Gulf of E a P U a a g Lake T Maine 50 i °W l S e C a k N n a h Huron L. Ontario Cape Mendocino R t e P c U Cape Cod S au i N i O e

M M r Great t Great L. Erie r i . M a Long Island L s

Salt Lake L

s Basin H s o N T P N

i l e u a t at CENTRAL o e Mt. Whitney g r i v A Washington Atlantic 14,494 ft i h A h

o a I d 4,418 m Colorado LOWLAND O

a A

P C H N l C Ocean Death Valley UNITEDa I STATES N A °

30 o Plateau i 30 -282 ft I A I ° n L N d -86 m Grand r Ozark Cape a s k A F N Bermuda F Channel r Canyon a Plateau i P o n A Hatteras N Islands l p Islands sa p P o s i A C R s Sonoran S ed s L i s S B Desert s

i P a G

j u M L a A l T f C S o T a M Ri A F R f o O l G l P i S O IC f C r o O i S 130°W F o a e a C r CA r l r i n i B NC n i r e d d E f a r R i o E e a A a r M r H a N G n Gulf ° G 20 a A 20 °N i M s a d y M r e A nds e X a of a K S la d lorid Is O F n r gi c e Havana ir D c Mexico W E I N V I id O CUBA S T e I r Puerto L E n ie aniola e t Hisp Rico s a n Cayman s DOMINICAN S l t Cozumel G HAITI e C a Orizaba Yucatan r r l Islands e a REPUBLIC s 18,855 ft Island A Mexico City Peninsula t e r t i l l e 5,747 m A n n

JAMAICA t

O Kingston i

l l

Isthmus of BELIZE e

H Tehuantepec Belmopan C e a s H a r i b b e a n S Trinidad RAS lles °N of NDU esser Anti 10 lf ec A O L Gu ep L H Tegucigalpa nt A y hua it r Te EM C o R NICARAGUA NORTH T la ad O Managua A a lv D L GU em a A ake Nicaragua t S V of Pana 10°N ua n L COSTA RICA us ma G Sa SA San Jose Isthm Panama City AMERICA L E CENTRAL PANAMA J PHYSICAL SOUTH J 0 mi 1000 AMERICA AMERICA ° 0 km 1000 0 AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

0° EQUATOR

K K 100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 1234567

Reference Atlas R7 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R8

12345678 70 50 180° RUSSIA 170° 160° 150° 140° 60 W °N W W W ° N °N ait A Str Point Barrow Arctic ing St. Lawrence er 170°E Island B Ocean Seward B r Peninsula o Norton o k Sound s R Beaufort on a n A Yuk g Sea l Nunivak e e 40 u Island ° t N i B a ALASKA n Fairbanks I s l a a s k a R a n A l n g d s Bristol e Bay Al Anchorage aska Peninsula

Kodiak I. C 180° P

A Juneau

A

r

c l a e h

x i

p a

n e

l d a e g D r o

c

i C E

170°W f 30 °N

Tacoma Seattle i e Spokane Olympia g

n WASH. Portland a R M F R Hele Salem e O e k Butte c a Eugene d n a OREGON S c IDAHO s Boise a C

C Great A Salt Lake Reno L Salt Lake G O Sacramento City I Carson City San Francisco S UTAH F ie NEVADA r r O a N e Las c R v a Vegas d 20 N a °N Honolulu S I ARIZONA Los Angeles A HAWAII e H Phoenix 160°W T San Diego Hilo RO PIC Tucson OF CA NC ER a

M J n

10°N K 150°W 140°W 130°W 120°W 110°W 12345678

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9 10111213141516

°W 130°W 120°W 110°W 100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W °N 30°W 70 N GREENLAND ° c (KALAALLIT NUNAAT) 60 20°W A n Den. N

B

UNITED 30°W

A N RCTIC CIRCLE STATES 50° POLITICAL C 0 mi 600

0 km 600 OBLIQUE AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

40°W D

CANADA E

40°N

MAINE NORTH Superio ke r Augusta R MONTANA DAKOTA a . M MINNESOTA L Montpelier S Portland 50°W Helena is Bismarck M n F O s I La e o C k NEW T Concord, N.H. u H e H VT. Billings r I YORK i G u Lake Boston, MASS. C Minneapolis St. Paul n A r M a a o OntarioAlbany g N n Providence, R.I. SOUTH WISCONSIN i

h t K Pierre oi Buffalo Hartford, CONN. c Lansing tr Milwaukee i e e e DAKOTA D ri nd N M E ela PA. New York City

Y Madison ev . . l Casper L C

L Toledo Harrisburg A Trenton, N.J. Sioux City IOWA c WYOMING Des Moines Chicago Pittsburgh Philadelphia Cheyenne IND. BaltimoreI NEBRASKA OHIO Dover, DEL. M Omaha ILLINOIS Columbus O Lincoln Indianapolis H Annapolis, MD. G Dayton W. VA. Washington, D.C. Denver Springfield C H O Kansas City Cincinnati Charleston Richmond MISSOURI Frankfort A COLORADO Topeka St. Louis Virginia Beach c °N U y Louisville VIRGINIA 30 KANSAS on Cit M L Jeffers is s KENTUCKY Raleigh A i A Bermuda Is. i N s r k s NORTH CAROLINA

i Nashville U.K. p P a Charlotte n Tulsa p TENNESSEE t

Santa Fe T s i NA Oklahoma City a s Memphis P SOUTH ARKANSAS A Columbia Albuquerque CAROLINA A OKLAHOMA Little Rock Atlanta n Charleston H NEW Birmingham GEORGIA I a Fort MISS. ALABAMA Savannah MEXICO L Montgomery N Worth Dallas O Jackson l U Jacksonville El Paso IS Tallahassee S TEXAS I t A NA F Baton Rouge L Austin O A San Antonio Houston R M I R Tampa D B i o A A G J r H a Miami E n A °N d 20 e M Gulf of a ANTIGUA id A & BARBUDA or S X Mexico Fl ST. KITTS s of Strait & NEVIS I 60°W CUBA San Juan C DOMINICAN HAITI REPUBLIC PUERTO Caribbean RICO K O U.S. DOMINICA °W 100°W 90°W Sea 80°W JAMAICA 70°W 9 10111213141516

Reference Atlas R9 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R10

12345678 130°W 125°W 50°N 115°W 110°W 105°W 100°W 120°W A Cape Flattery Mt. Olympus E C Seattle

45 7,965 ft G R A C 2,428 m C °N N N

A O B

i O

L t O R t Missouri e G

Col U umbi r a . r s o B M t

E o A M C e Clearwater t B u D l Mts. R R B A I a b

A n S A s g a K r B C Salmon e o ig k h E Great Sandy P River a S o

T S R r L n Mts. n M 130°W Desert a a A A k Y n M Black C e W g 40 Snake River e t ° T i HillsA N C n s

d . E Plain R M Cape Mendocino i i A Shoshone ve L ss r a ou

R U r r S Falls R a i I a m N T E n . e g i P R e e l s g a Great Salt tt n M e C R M Sand Hills A Lake a e A t n

R s n

N . Lake GREAT h inta Mts D Pacific t U . E c i r Tahoe t Platte N a V a San Francisco BASIN s O l A a P a V D W Denver Ocean a A 14,433 ft l G l 4,399 m Mt. Elbert l o U 35 e Mt. Whitney d S °N P a L y 14,494 ft r a lo n E Lake o g 4,418 m C S A r r Powell a ka e ns E Death Valley Lake n as -282 ft, -86 m N d J hA Mead e Fli S u a C Hi Mojave n Point Conception Grand r g Colorado i Desert M s Canyon t o Plateau t T i I Los Angeles s M Channel . o t d s H a r . Islands o l Salton N o S A San Diego e F C Phoenix a O Sea d n c Red a r Llano Sonoran r a 30°N Desert G m Estacado o e S i I

n R

t Dallas o B 125°W 120°W r a M z 115°W o t N s Point Barrow s 68 . G °N Beaufort 180° Chukchi Sea Sea No Edwards rth Slo S pe 68°N Plateau RUSSIA Brooks Range A g RCT n t IC C i i IRCLE R r a i e r o B t S Seward CANADA G O r Pen. ALASKA a n n o d H St. Lawrence k e u Ta Island Y m na wi na ok an k a R ge 110°W s sk 172°W u la C 60 K A Mt. McKinley (Denali) °N 20,320 ft, 6,194 m 60°N Nunivak Anchorage Island 25°N

J Bering Gulf of Sea Bristol a A A l Alaska r l Bay su c e MEXICO in h x en a TROPIC OF CAN a P Kodiak I. i p n CER lask e d A l a e g r o ALASKA Pacific 52°N 0 mi 300 52°N K 0 km 300 Ocean

164°W 156°W 148°W 140°W 132°W 105°W 100°W 12345678

R10 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R11

9 10111213141516 95° 90 85 80 70° 65° W °W °W °W 50°N W W N 75°W A A D 45°N Lake of A the Woods Isle Royale e Super S Lak ior B

G N

Lake r ula e I Gulf of enins Champlain e White r P L n ppe a Maine U k Adirondack M A Mts. e Mts. t C s H io . o n r T n L u ta Minneapolis n a o On Boston w r e g e M o c i e k i a NH t Cape Cod s r n L i C s h Niagara c N u ° i P u 40 s c d s i e u t i n Falls s p U e o

p M i i Milwaukee n r a n i Detroit s E e u e O Long Island

k l k e a a

a L New York City

t L Cleveland Chicago M a . Philadelphia 65°W CENTRAL Pittsburgh l s e t imor P alt D N B Delaware Bay ATLaNTIC M Washington LOWLAND C n Indianapolis y A h N n e a I e s Ohio e a OCEaN i g p h H d e St. Louis h h °N s g i a 35 t k a e R b c C I e a l B a l a W e n y E u l A A u Flint a l te a u L Hills la a B o Cape Hatteras P d p e C n t A A rk umberla la

a T p P Mt. Mitchell m

z e P O n A d 6,684 ft Boston Mts. n n 2,037 m d e la P Memphis s r s e e e L e b A S F Ouachita Mts. m Atlanta i a va B u n i C P n p l P a N p h 30°

i a s

s c i

as s k s i B e l t

z M o s R L e d A Jacksonville G T UNITED S A New Orleans STATES Houston Cape Canaveral Mississippi PHYSICAL O River Delta 0 mi 300 Lake Okeechobee 0 km 300 H The ALBERS CONIC EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION 70°W Everglades Miami

a d 90°W ys ri a Ke lo Florid f F 159°W 156°W o aits Kauai Str CER J Niihau OF CAN Oahu TROPIC Honolulu Molokai Maui 21°N Lanai N Kahoolawe CUBA 20° Pacific Hawaii Mauna Kea Ocean 13,796 ft 4,205 m PRINCIPAL HAWAIIAN ISLANDS K 0 mi 100 0 km 100 85°W 95°W 80°W 75°W 9 10111213141516

Reference Atlas R11 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R12

12345678 110°W 100°W 90°W A

Tijuana icali Mex UNITED STATES N Sonoran Desert 30°N B B a G Ciudad j BAJA u Juarez a l CALIFORNIA f SONORA C o a f CHIHUAHUA R l io G i C r S an Chihuahua d f a i e C o l e COAHUILA r M S r i f r i BAJA n o a e CALIFORNIA i r Nuevo M Laredo SUR a n SINALOA r i a DURANGO r a d a r E Monterrey La Paz e NUEVO Matamoros M Gulf of Mexico D O LEON c a c ZACATECAS d Mazatlan i X False Cape d r e SAN e

n LUIS TAMAULIPAS t a POTOSIO 20°N NAYARIT Ciudad Madero l I r Tampico San Luis i E AGUASCALIENTES Potosi e QUERETARO Guadalajara Leon n YUCATAN VERACRUZ Merida JALISCO C t Cozumel Revillagigedo Islands HIDALGO a TLAXCALA Yucatan Island Mex. GUANAJUATO l Peninsula COLIMA Mexico City Orizaba Bay of Campeche 18,855 ft E OACAN H MICH Popocatepetl 5,747 m C O E S 17,802 ft Veracruz P DISTRITO FEDERAL i M er 5,426 m PUEBLA A ra TABASCO C QUINTANA ROO M Belize a Isthmus of F MEXICO dr City GUERREROe d Belmopan el Tehuantepec Su MORELOS Acapulco r OAXACA CHIAPAS BELIZE Gulf of Si er Honduras ra Gulf of M A ad L HONDU Tehuantepec re A M E y Tegucigalpa T it A C G U la R G a O r em D o at A ad NIC Gu V lv AL Sa Leon S an 10°N EL S MIDDLE CENTRAL H AMERICA PHYSICAL/POLITICAL AMERICA 0 mi 400

0 km 400 AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION Pacific J

Cocos Island Ocean C.R.

K 0° 110°W 100°W 90°W 12345678

R12 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R13

9 10111213141516 80°W 70°W 60°W 30°N A

B

C

B CER CAN OF Freeport A PIC TRO H 20°N Nassau A M a id or A Fl Andros of S D ts Island Turks & trai S Caicos Islands ST. KITTS & NEVIS U.K. Havana W D E N I CUBA S T I ANTIGUA & Camaguey BARBUDA ago Virgin Holguin Santi San Juan I Islands E sle Santo U.S. & U.K. of Santiago ispaniola L Youth H Domingo Puerto E G de Cuba HAITI Rico Guadeloupe e Cozumel Cayman Port-au- DOMINICAN Fr. s r U.S. s Island Islands REPUBLIC DOMINICA e Prince e S U.K. Montego a s Bird I. t l e Venez. Martinique r Bay e r i l Fr. t A Kingston A n ST. LUCIA

JAMAICA n BARBADOS ST. VINCENT & t THE GRENADINES i l C a l F r i b b e a n S e a GRENADA e

s f Tobago as Neth. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO ao Port-of-Spain ac naire 10°N ur Bo s t C l e Trinidad N DURAS s Neth. n t i l a A oco s e r 60°W C o L e s

C

o

t G

i

u

NICARAGUA q s

n Managua o M Lake L Nicaragua COSTA Puerto Limon Panam San Jose Gulf of of a H A RICA Mosquitos us Panama City I s t h m PANAMA David SOUTH

J

nd AMERICA 0°

TOR EQUA K 80°W 70°W 9 10111213141516

Reference Atlas R13 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R14

1234567 80°W 60°W 50°W 40°W b e a n S e a r i b rta N C a Ma ibo to A ta ca me A an ra isi Barranquilla S a qu M ar Caracas Cartagena Lake B Maracaibo Valencia 10°N co Ciudad Guayana 10°N Orino GUYANA Bucaramanga SanVENEZUELA Georgetown Cristobal SURINAME A T L a N T I C Medellin Paramaribo Bogota Cayenne B FRENCH O C E a N B Cali GUIANA Malpelo I. COLOMBIA Boa Vista Fr. Col.

A Boundary claimed by Suriname Esmeraldas Negro on Marajo EQUATO az Belem R 0° Am Island 0°

ECUADORN AMAZON Guayaquil Manaus Santarem C Amazo C Iquitos n a s (S es) ir jo o mo X n li de a Fortaleza Ma o p i ran a a n Teresina M T g D P BASIN u Natal s us n r i u t U Campina Grande P n c E T a a Porto Velho e o Rio l c sc E y e ci o n a Branco s a Recife

T r

l P F i BRAZILo

D i D r a

e S 10°S Callao R s 10°S Picchu Lima S Machu Ayacucho Cuzco aca itic Salvador U T Trinidad ke (Bahia) La BOLIVIA Brasilia Arequipa La Paz Goiania Oruro Santa Cruz E Arica Uberandia E Sucre P

a Uberaba Iquique r a P Campo Grande g Tarija A u R a °S y 20 20 A Campinas Nova Iguacu °S G Londrina RN Antofagasta U Rio de Janeiro APRICO Sao Paulo IC OF C Salta A Santos TROP A Y su Curitiba S n F E cion F San Miguel San Felix I. San Ambrosio I. de Tucuman Chil. a n y aiana A a ugu r a Ur La Serena u Porto Alegre a S g an

P t Coquimbo E a u Ma L Cordoba N r ria

U Rosario 30°S Valparaiso Mendoza I 30 G Buenos URUGUAY °S G Santiago Aires R Montevideo Juan Fernandez Is. i T o Chil. D a I Plat de La la Plat Concepcion a N Mar del Plata Bahia Blanca N E e N gro H SOUTH H Puerto Montt H

G AMERICA 0°S

4 POLITICAL 40°S A R 0 mi 800

C Comodoro Rivadavia 0 km 800

P a C I F I C A AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION J J O C E a N Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Stanley Administered by Rio Gallegos United Kingdom (Claimed by Arg.) Punta Arenas Strait of Magellan TIERRA DEL FUEGO 0°S 5 Ushuaia 50° South Georgia I. S K Cape Horn U.K. K 100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W 30°W 20°W 1234567

R14 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R15

1234567 80°W 60°W 50°W 40°W b e a n S e a a r i b N A C A Caracas Lake Maracaibo 10°N S oco 10°N Orin GUYANA VENEZUELAO Georgetown N Angel Falls SURINAME A T L a N T I C A Total drop Paramaribo Bogota 3,212 ft 979 m Cayenne O C E a N B L FRENCH B G U I A N A H GUIANA L I G H L A N D S Malpelo I. COLOMBIA

A Boundary claimed by Suriname on Marajo EQUATOR Quito Negro az 0° Am Island 0° ECUADOR AMAZON

C N n C o s X z a o a r j i m i a n A e p d a g a u SelvasM T P U c a us s y BASINr n u i D a t P l T e n i le E s a c o P sc i o i

r c

T

BRAZILe n s a D r D 10°S R F 1 o 0°S u a E hu Picch Lima ac S M a icac BRAZILIAN U Tit MATO GROSSO ke La Brasilia S BOLIVIA PLATEAU A La Paz l t i p HIGHLANDS

E l a E

n P

o Sucre a r

a Salar P g d A u e Uyun a i y 20°S O R 20°S C A G A U RN H APRICO A IC OF C C Iguazu TROP A Y N su Falls S A nc F E io F R n G San Felix I. San Ambrosio I. y a a n u A a g r u r a E

P U

L N S

Aconcagua 22,834 ft A 30°S I 6,960 m Buenos URUGUAY 30°S G Santiago P G Juan Fernandez Is. Aires R Montevideo D io T M I d e l a Pl A ata N

P N N eg E ro

H SOUTH H A H I -131 ft Chiloe Island G -40 m Valdes Peninsula AMERICA 40°S N 40

A PHYSICAL °S O

R 0 mi 800 C

G Gulf of Taitao San Jorge 0 km 800

A

P a C I F I C A Peninsula AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION J O C E a N T J Wellington I. A Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) P Stanley Strait of Magellan Tierra del Fuego 0°S 5 50°S K Cape Horn South Georgia I. K 100°W 90°W 80°W 70°W 60°W 50°W 40°W 30°W 20°W 1234567

Reference Atlas R15 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R16

12345678 30°W 20°W 10°W 7 0° 10°E 60 0°N °N

A a Akureyri e N S Tromso 40°W Reykjavik n a AR ICELAND CT i Y IC C g IRC LE e L

w Ki r )

N r A B O o D N N O N L ( W H

C I

W E N Faroe Islands E e Torshavn E m Den. U EUROPE R R G h Trondheim Are t POLITICAL F o O D B

C N Alesund

A I 0 mi 400 Sundsvall Shetland D O I f Islands R o 0 km 400 E E P Lerwick f Rockall M Bergen l U.K. u AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION G 30°W Isle of Lewis Orkney Islands N Oslo 50 UppsalaW °N Inverness Stavanger D Stockholm UNITED Aberdeen a k SCOTLAND ra S e Glasgow ger Edinburgh Ska Goteborg S NORTHERN Belfast Gotland IRELAND North c IRELAND Sea Arhus i Irish Liverpool DENMARK Malmo t Dublin Sea l Manchester Copenhagen a L E Cork KINGDOM B Kiel RUS WALES Birmingham Gdansk Celtic Cardiff ENGLAND Hamburg Sea The NETH. London Hague Amsterdam Bydgoszcz Land's End pton Berlin Southam W l POLAND ATLaNTIC English Channe Brussels GERMANY Bonn Lodz F Le Havre BELGIUM R Wroclaw h Frankfurt O OCEaN Brest in d e e LUX. r Kr Rennes Paris Prague CZECH REP. Nantes Strasbourg A C Brat I a isla K La Munich va A Roche FRANCE Vienna V lle O Bay of Zurich LIECH. L 20°W Bern S G Biscay Limoges AUSTRIA 40° Bordeaux Geneva SWITZERLAND S Budapest N A Coruna L P Lyon A VENIA HUNGARY tia- SLO Vigo nos astian Ljubljana Zagreb Do Seb an Turin V Bilbao S Toulouse en ROATIA Porto P ice C y MON Genoa A B L r e ACO d BOSNIA & Valladolid n SAN r A e e i HERZEGOVINA Coimbra ANDORRA s M Nice MARINO a G ar t Sarajevo SERB seil i H Zaragoza le c U ITALY S T Bar Corsica e MONTENEGR celo Fr. a KOS R SPAIN na VATICAN Rome Podgorica O CITY Valencia Tirana P M Cape Cordoba Palma Naples ALBANIA St. Vincent Sardinia Seville Murcia Balearic It. Cadiz Islands J Malaga Cartagena Sp. Cagliari Tyrrhenian GIBRALTAR Sea Ionian U.K. Str G ait of G M e d i Sea ibraltar t e Palermo r Messina r Sicily a Catania P n e 30 AFRICA Valletta K °N MALTA a n 10°W 0° 10°E S 12345678

R16 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R17

9 10111213141516 30°E 40°E °N 50°E 70°E 70 Tobseda N 60° Barents A Sea 80°E o Murmansk A Pechora U A commonly accepted division P L N D between Asia and Europe—here

Y o l Kola R A Iva Kirovsk marked by a gray line—is L Peninsula a e A formed by the Ural Mountains,

Kiruna D S Umba e Ural River, , it L B Wh Mountains, and the Black Sea N N Kemi with its outlets, the Bosporus Archangel M and the Dardanelles. Lulea Kem OuluA Severodvinsk Syktyvkar O a e L U m ia U n h t N o Europe-Asia B N

boundary Vaasa Kuopio T C Lake

I Perm

Onega A f ASIA o Pori f F RUSSIA I l Lake u Tampere Kirov Ladoga N Turku 70°E Helsinki St. Petersburg S N Ufa 50° Velikiy Tallinn Novgorod Kazan D a ESTONIA Yaroslavl e Nizhniy S Tver Novgorod

Riga Moscow c Samara L A T V I A urg Daugavpils Orenb N Ryazan Penza A LITHUANIA Smolensk Vitsyebsk T E Oral Vilnius S a RUSSIA s g na l Kau Saratov o H Minsk Bryansk V U ra K BELARUS l A Homyel Z Warsaw Kursk A D Chernihiv K Sumy Volgograd F Kiev Kharkiv Krakow Poltava Lviv UKRAINE Donetsk Astrakhan Dn Vinnytsya IA C a r p ies K a ter D Rostov t ni C h prope i a trovsk n MOLDOVA a 60°E M Chisinau s G t Sea of Stavropol N t s ° . Odesa Azov p 40 RY Kerch Groznyy i a ROMANIA Simferopol C a u n c a s S Yalta u s M o u n Belgrade Bucharest evast t a i n AZERBAIJAN opol GEORGIA s S NA . Constanta Baku anube ts SERBIA D M Black Sea e Balkan Varna H BULGARIA a ENEGRO Sofia KOSOVO rus po Skopje os a MACED. Istanbul B IA Thessaloniki TURKEY

es nell Sea of Darda J n GREECE Aegean Marmara Sea Athens ASIA Peloponnesus

Rhodes Nicosia N Crete 30° K Iraklio CYPRUS S e a 30°E 40°E 50°E 9 10111213141516

Reference Atlas R17 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:14 PM Page R18

12345678 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E A EUROPE Ca 40°N Black Sea B G Istanbul Y A Ankara Tunis M C TURKEY (16

T ins aurus nta M Mou TUNISIA e di Aleppo D ter ra CYPRUS SYRIA Tripoli nea n Se LEBANON Damascus a Beirut 30°N ISRAEL Syrian E Jerusalem Desert Alexandria Cairo JORDAN El Giza LIBYA Sinai F Pen. 30°E See inset below Eastern Mediterranean Area N i le TURKEY Aleppo EGYPT R N . H e j G a z CYPRUS SYRIA Aswan

High Dam

LEBANON Mediterranean R e Sea Beirut Damascus d S H Golan Heights Boundary claimed e SAHARA by Sudan a Tel Aviv–Yafo Jordan River West Bank Suez Canal Jerusalem Amman Gaza Strip Dead Sea ISRAEL SUDAN J JORDAN El Giza Cairo 30°N AFRICA G SAUDI EGYPT r u l e f Khartoum v o ARABIA i f Gulf of

R S u Aqaba e e l z 0 mi 100

K i N 0 km 100 30°E 40° 12345678

R18 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:15 PM Page R19

9 10111213141516 50°E 60°E 70°E Aral 40°N Sea Tashkent A UZBEKISTAN

Cauc C asus Mo a TAJIKISTAN unta s ins p i GEORGIA a B Tbilisi n Dushanbe

Baku S TURKMENISTAN Yerevan e a ARMENIA ASIA Ashgabat Mt. Ararat Kabul (16,854 ft. Mashhad C AZERBAIJAN 5,137 m) Elb ins AFGHANISTAN T urz Mounta ig r i Tehran s Plateau

R Z . of Iran D a g r 30°N o IRAQ s M E Baghdad o u u p n IRAN h t ra a t in e s s E R. Al Basrah PAKISTAN KUWAIT P Kuwait (A er r si a an bi G F an u G lf Manama u R lf) G NCE ulf F CA BAHRAIN Abu of O PIC O QATAR man TRO Doha Dhabi Muscat SAUDI Riyadh Arabian ARABIA UNITED Sea G ARAB OMAN 20°N

EMIRATES

ARABIAN

PENINSULA

Makkah H

(Mecca)

A s Rub al Khali i r (Empty Quarter) MIDDLE EAST

PHYSICAL / POLITICAL J 0 mi 500 N YEMEN 0 km 500 Sanaa AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION

n Ade K f of 40°E Aden Gul 50°E 9 10111213141516

Reference Atlas R19 R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:15 PM Page R20

1234567 50° 30°W 20°W 10°W N 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°N 50°E 60°E A EUROPE A ATLaNTIC N

40°N OCEaN 40°N Azores Port. B M e B d i

Strait of Gibraltar Algiers Tunis t T e R Oran r

ab U Casabla at ne r Madeira nc Fes ti N a a I N S an n e ASIA Islands A st I a n MOROCCO N T on S S e a Port. U C I Marrakech O A Tripoli 30°N M 30°N A S Port Said T L Alexandria Canary A Cairo Suez Suez Canal C Islands C Sp. Laayoune ALGERIA Sinai WESTERN LIBYA L R SAHARA i EGYPT Mor. A b I y e F CANCER a Lake TROPIC O N Nasser Aswan Highd Dam A n T I SAHARAAOZOU STRIP D 20 R e °N S 20°N Nouakchott U s N Boundary A e i e l claimed e r D M a D Sene t by Sudan ga l Tombouctou Dakar (Timbuktu) N NIGER ERITREA S i Omdurman EN g E MALIe Asmara G r CHAD Khartoum GAMBIA A DJIBOUTI Banjul L Niamey Lake Chad den Bamako A f A Bissau IN Ouagadougou lf o GUINEA- K N'Djamena Gu R O SUDAN Djibouti BISSAU GUINEA U S B A ro N 10° k I N F ou NIGERIA Conakry s O Addis Ababa Freetown s N ˆ Abuja W u G E COTE o A E E h SIERRA LEONE m O ETHIOPIA a i I B Ibadan

Y T N t Monrovia GHANA O CENTRAL e Boundary L D'IVOIRE P Lagos O N LIBERIA L N o R AFRICAN REPUBLIC i in dispute A E l n a o o r e dja cr m v to AM Abi Ac e o - Malabo C Bangui M D Yaounde Lake O ou Turkana EQUATORIAL GUINEA ala ongo A S C D Mogadishu RIO MUNI N SAO TOME & PRINCIPE O Kampala Libreville DEMOCRATIC A EQUATOR Sao Tome G G 0° U Lake KENYA 0° F GABON N Kigali Victoria Nairobi INDIaN F O REPUBLIC OF RWANDA ATLaNTIC C BURUNDI OCEaN Brazzaville Kinshasa Bujumbura Mombasa CABINDA Lake Dodoma OCEaN Ang. THE CONGO Tanganyika Dar es Salaam Ascension TANZANIA U.K. Luanda i SEYCHELLES bash Kolwezi bum M 10°S G 10°S Lu A COMOROS G A Lake Moroni ANGOLA I L Kitwe A Malawi B Z W a M Lilongwe E l m A I e b Z Lusaka U n e Q n R z a i I h A Harare B C C M e u S q ZIMBABWE A i A A b Z G n H m t H NAMIBIA O a A a 20°S S z n 20° BOTSWANA o ) D a M ria n Windhoek to M a KALAHARI re A r e (P TROPIC OF iv AFRICA DESERT n ne M o Gaborone wa ba CAPRICORN Tsh ba POLITICAL Johannesburg M Maputo SWAZILAND 0 mi 1000 Orange SOUTH Bloemfontein LESOTHO 0 km 1000 Maseru Durban J AFRICA J AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION 30°S 30°S Cape Town Port Elizabeth Cape of Good Hope

K K 20°W 40°S 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 40°S 1234567

R20 Reference Atlas R00_R26_JATEAmps_875047 10/3/06 3:15 PM Page R21

1234567 30°W 20°W 50°N 0° 10 20°E 30°E 40°E 60°E 10°W °E 50°N 50°E A EUROPE A ATLaNTIC N

40°N OCEaN Azores 40°N

B B M e d i Algiers Tunis t

Strait of Gibraltar T e U r I N S r Madeira A N Rabat N T a n ASIA Islands U I e MOROCCO O S a n S e a M I 30 S A Tripoli °N A 30°N L Suez Canal T Canary A Cairo Islands Sinai C ALGERIA C WESTERN LIBYA L i EGYPT R SAHARA b A y I . e CANCER ts a Lake TROPIC OF N r M Nasser A gga n d T ha I SAHARAA D 20 R e °N Boundary S 20°N U s Nouakchott Tibesti N A Air e claimed e i l D r e D M by Sudan a Sene MALI t ga N l i Cape g NIGER ERITREA Dakar e CHAD Verde SEN r Khartoum Asmara GAMBIA EG SAHEL B of A l lf Banjul L Niamey Lake Chad u Gu A e Lake en Bissau Bamako IN Lake Ad K Ouagadougou Tana DJIBOUTI GUINEA- R N'Djamena SUDAN N Assal O i -512 ft Djibouti BISSAU GUINEA U S N l B A I e -156 m 10°N F SUDANO N Conakry G NIGERIA Addis Ababa W

Freetown COTEˆ O E E T Abuja E B A SIERRA U P P E R h ETHIOPIA G U i I Yamoussoukro I N t LEONE N e GHANA E O CENTRAL A N Boundary L Monrovia P O y D'IVOIRE AFRICAN REPUBLIC i e

L o R l l in dispute A N e LIBERIA a o r E l jan r m o t a d c v o M Bangui V M Abi Ac e o - Malabo CA Yaounde Lake O t f S EQUATORIAL GUINEA A i Turkana Congo D Mogadishu N R SAO TOME & PRINCIPE RIO MUNI O CONGO Kampala Virunga Mts. A Libreville t EQUATOR Sao Tome G G a 0° 14,787 ft U KENYA 0° Lake e F GABON N 4,507 m Victoria r Nairobi INDIaN F BASIN G L O Kigali RWANDA O DEM. G Kilimanjaro ATLaNTIC C r BURUNDI e 19,340 ft OCEaN W B Brazzaville a ujumbura REP. t 5,895 m CABINDA E Kinshasa R Lake i f Tanganyika Dodoma OCEaN R OF THE t V Dar es Salaam a TANZANIA Ascension l l Luanda G CONGO e Island y G SEYCHELLES

U r

e

M a Lake Katanga t 10 I °S G 10°S A G A COMOROS R Malawi

N Plateau i ANGOLA L f Moroni I t A V

E W a

Z B l l l A a e e Lilongwe I E m M y n A U n b Z Lusaka a e Q h R z i I C A Harare B e C Etosha s u all M q S Pan ria F ZIMBABWE i N Victo A b A A a Z m G n m a t H i NAMIBIA z A a 20 H O °S 20°S b BOTSWANA o n D an Windhoek M M KALAHARI A a D r TROPIC OF iv AFRICA e e M o DESERT an CA s PR Gaborone g ab ICORN e r b PHYSICAL r Maputo Tshwane (Pretoria) e M t b 0 mi 1000 ran s SWAZILAND O g e SOUTH n Bloemfontein e k 0 km 1000 Maseru a r J LESOTHO D J AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION AFRICA 30°S 30°S Cape Town Cape of Good Hope Cap e Ag ulhas

K K 20°W 40°S 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 40°S 1234567

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70

40 60 50 30

°

° ° ° °

NORTH AMERICA80

N

N N N

20°W N ° A Atlantic Ocean N VNort

A 0°

R Norwegian

C Arctic O

T

I Sea C

C 20°E I R C N L E Franz Josef Land Russ. N L B 10°W 60°E Barents 80°E 10 Sea M e

d EUROPE i b

O

t f

o C A commonly accepted division e f O l Norilsk between Asia and Europe—here Europe-Asia S b u r N G 0° marked by a gray line—is boundary I

r

Moscow A Y

formed by the Ural Mountains, e RUST n a

N i Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus s U e 20 n y O ° Mountains, and the Black Sea N M e with its outlets, the Bosporus SIB

a and the Dardanelles. O b D n L Istanbul A

Black R Chelyabinsk Ural S Sea U Omsk e Ankara T C Novosibirsk a U a R G u K EO c Astana E R as

10 G us °E Y

Y Tbilisi I M K A Z A K H S T A N A a Adana t

s e ARMENIA . LEBA NO S Aral S N Yerevan yr Beirut AZERBAIJAN Sea D E Jeru Damascus a sa Azerb. n r O T lem Baku U y R a T a I M SYRIAE Z r A F O i U I ty s B l sh L C P u p R i A I ISRAEL A i E C m p r s K k N h g K e m A t i a k C a r M I en h JORDAN n a m s E T C S k i R t E h Urumqi e T s B Almaty N u s Baghdad A a T Tehran I D S N t a KYRGYZSTAN ba T

R IRAQ a r Ashg y 10 A a TA SINKIANG JI ° N KI N Basra Dushanbe ST

e AN KUWAIT N F Kuwait ( TA sh K P S Ku A I du U d in AFRICA e N H N S r IRAN A L U N r Kabul a H s SAUDI b G Jeddah i Islamabad i F KASHMIR Ma a nam a Riyadh a n A Makkah n Zahedan Boundary C (Mecca) G claimed S BAHRAIN G QATAR Lahore u H u lf Strait of by India ARABIA Doha lf ) Hormuz I 20°E e Abu Dhabi G M TIBET u PAKISTAN lf s Delhi UNITED ARAB u N A o d a EMIRATES f New Delhi L O n E A G R u Muscat m I P Y b a l K h a l i a Karachi Jaipur A A n Kathmandu L u BHU Sanaa N ph A Thim 0° Y E M E N O M Ganges AN Indore Bhopal B h Aden D G ul f of INDIA ata Aden Go olk a) Arabian dav K utt Mumbai ari (Calc Socotra (Bombay) Yemen Kr Hyderabad Bay H Sea ishna ( of ASIA Bengal Bangalore Chennai POLITICAL Lakshadweep (Madras) India 0 mi 1000 Madurai

0 km 1000 SRI LANKA J EQUATOR Colombo TWO-POINT EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION Male Nic Isl MALDIVES I

20 K °S 30°E Chagos Archipelago Brit. Ind. Oc. Terr. 40°E 50°E 60°E 70°E 80°E 12345678

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N

N

N N N NORTH AMERICA N

°

° ° ° °

° 160°W

80

40 70 30 50 60 VNorth Pole Chukchi A 180° Sea c Ocean Wrangel I. Gulf of Anadyr Bering 160°E East Anadyr N Siberian Sea New Siberian Sea North K

Land Islands o 170°W l

120°E y B E 100°E m

Laptev a

Sea R a Commander Is. C n h e r g s k i y R a n e Kamchatka

L g V e e Peninsula n e a r k Magadan h o y ge an an C sk sk R A Sea of ld a

Yakutsk n 180°

Okhotsk

Y s

SIA d

i

n a

l N n Sakhalin s °

I ERIA 20 l

i

r

u D a K n A a e m L u r Lake Hokkaido

Baikal A Sapporo I e R Irkutsk U 170°E H Yenisey C N Vladivostok Sea of A len M Japan c Ulaanbaatar er Changchun (East Sea) JAPAN H Tokyo E Marcus I. A M O N G O L I A NORTH IC R sh L I Shenyang Honshu Jap. P E T O O C A Y B KOREA R N M Kyoto T A T S . O Pyongyang C G Seoul Osaka F Beijing O SOUTH Hiroshima Q KOREA Bonin Is. G ingdao Shijiazhuang Kyushu Jap. °N Yellow 10 w o c l

l

e Sea s Volcano Is. F Y Xuzhou S H d Jap. A N Lanzhou East n Shanghai a Xian l g s i in I Y anj China CHINAell N u ow e y Okinawa gtz k n Sea u a Nanchang y 160°E Y T Chengdu R Parece Vela f Boundary Fuzhou Taipei Jap. Cha claimed ngsha by China Guiyang TAIWAN Y A i G u BHUTAN The People's Republic of China claims h SH DE y Guangzhou LA d Kunming Hong Kong Taiwan as its 23rd province. NG d ° BA ka a Macau 0 ha w c D a r r Philippine I Hanoi Haiphong Luzon ) MYANMAR (BURMA) L South Quezon City Vientiane A Hainan Sea a Yangon O Manila Samar Da Nang PHILIPPINES (Rangoon) SM Mindoro H e China Leyte THAILAND k Panay P on l Bangkok g Negros EQUATOR CAMBODIA VIETNAM Palawan Andaman Phnom Penh Sea Mindanao Islands Ho Chi Minh City India G A u ak Jayapura n lf Bi °S d o Bandar Seri Morotai 10 f SABAH a T Begawan Halmahera m h A M a a New Guinea n ila BRUNEI I J S nd S o Nicobar e SARAWAK Y Kua a MALAYSIA A l Islands la Lum L Kepi pur A u India Medan M Aru Merauke Buru c Ceram Is. Dolak SINGAPORE Borneo Celebes c a INDONESIAs Tanimbar Sumatra Is. Jambi GREATER e a n Mentawai SUNDA ISLANDS Dili EAST TIMOR S

(TIMOR-LESTE) °S K Islands r 20 Jakarta m o AUSTRALIA 100°E 110°E Java 120°E Kupang T i 130°E 140°E 150°E 9 10111213141516

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Bering A KAMCHATKA RUSSIA PENINSULA Sea ge Sea of an D S R A L A N Lake yy E U T I A N I S L ov Okhotsk Baikal n

o e l e b g g a Y n r n Sakhalin a u a R m R S A n n D A Ulaanbaatar a n li L g i N T n a A A i l A B Y P e L M M O N G O L I A h t S K n o O a I U r i h N r k L TA e i I IN t u S R S a h I e c U B r K O n G G a

M Hokkaido Beijing of Japan Pyongyang KOREA Seoul (East Sea) JAPAN SOUTH Honshu C Yellow Tokyo Yellow KOREA Sea N North Pacifi CHINA A M tze Shikoku g P an Kyushu M Y O e k East S o H n S H O a g China D w a N T i Sea A i a INDIA O n Taipei SL I YU D RYUK MYANMAR Hanoi TAIWAN (BURMA) L V NORTHERN Vientiane A I Hainan P MARIANA H MARIANA E O I ISLANDS L ISLANDS T Luzon I U.S. THAILAND S P n N South M go ) Bangkok P I Yan n I C goo A Manila N Philippine R Ran E GUAM R ( CAMBODIA M MARSHALL O a China I Sea U.S. t Phnom S a ISLANDS k PHILIPPINES L N P E Andaman Penh A R C N a h li a Sea Sea D k i Sulu PALAU E C n Bandar Seri S h Sea a Koror L I N E I S L i O Begawan R O A N Palikir S n Majuro Mindanao C A D S Kuala Lumpur M BRUNEI Celebes FEDERATED STATES A L A I A I Y S Sea OF MICRONESIA G L i Tarawa S M lb u SINGAPORE e Borneo A r m O t Yaren Is a L l t INDONESIA M an KIRIBATI Y U NAURU d F r GREATER E s a Celebes C N SUNDA ISLANDS EW Phoenix Is. C GUI L Jakarta Java Sea A NE A SOLOMON S A PAPUA S ol ISLANDS TUVALU Dili Arafura NEW GUINEA om N Tokelau Java on Funafuti N.Z. L EAST Port Is ESS . E Santa Cruz ER S (TIMOR-LESTE) Moresby Honiara Islands AMERICAN UNDA ISLANDS WALLIS SAMOA S AND FUTUNA IS. SAMOA U.S. Fr. Apia I G VANUATU ISLANDS A Suva TERRITORY NEW Port-Vila TONGA Niue Austral. CALEDONIA N.Z. Fr. FIJI ISLANDS Nuku alofa TROPIC OF CAPRICORN Coral AUSTRALIA Sea H Norfolk Island Austral. g in rl Kermadec a Lord Howe Island Islands Great D Austral. N.Z. Australian Bight Canberra Tasman NEW Indian Sea ZEALAND J Wellington Tasmania OCEaN Chatham Island N.Z.

K 105°E 120°E 135°E 150°E 165°E 180° 165° 12345678

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C Gulf of o C a Hudson Alaska s R t A Bay Alexander M O D A Kodiak I. N Archipelago o u C G L n A S t K E Queen a R D Charlotte i Y I n I s H Islands E A CANADA N S

e M A Vancouver g Island n a O T R B

U

Ottawa . e S T 45°N d M N i Great Lakes M a ss P ou c ri N s T A

a

L I C A CENTRAL H C A LOWLAND Washington, D.C. I A L N UNITEDN STATESi I p A p I i P C s S s P A f ic OceaN N i A s Atlantic s L i P M S B Ocean G T A L a u S j l S M A 30°N a f i O o e C f r S r E i C a C a e l r i a r B f l M a Gulf of o i X A n f a M r o d H n r a Nassau I i n r I d A TROPIC OF CANCER a i e r Mexico s a e M l O C D a c O A n r Havana S d c O i s i d e CUBA e n ta n l DOMINICAN HAWAII t a REPUBLIC U.S. l Mexico JAMAICA HAITI

City BELIZE Santo A L HONDURAS Domingo 15 A °N M Tegucigalpa E y Caribbean T it r UA C o R NICARAGUA Sea G a d O Managua al va D Caracas m al A E e S LV Panama City at A e S u an S s O G S L Jo CA N E n RI PANAMA A Sa A L VENEZ. ST L

CO A Bogota

L L i Kiritimati COLOMBIA n e EQUATOR Quito

0° N I Galapagos I Y s AMAZON l Islands ECUADOR F a Ecua. n BASIN d D N s BRAZIL

PERU Marquesas Is. N E A E Lima S. B O Tu a S

m 15°S L o COOK t u G A La Paz I ISLANDS S S r oc c V N.Z. iety h i ue Is. p I e Z. l a A g S o fa FRENCH POLYNESIA I Fr.

A E us tra l Pitcairn Island U.K. E Is . A PACIFIC L H 30°S D

I A

SOUTH RIM Santiago PHYSICAL/POLITICAL N N

0 mi 1500 I H

PaCIFIC 0 km 1500 T

A A MILLER CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION

C N I J

Chiloe N OCEaN E Island d O

45°S G G

R A

T

A

A

P K 165°W 150°W 135°W 120°W 105°W 90°W 75°W 9 10111213141516

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b GERMANY O LUX. Y RUSSIAe e Sea D n it N N BELGIUM i h se A DENMARK NETH. A y FRANCE A Gulf W L E of N D I E Y F a a W North y S l A e UNITED 50 m W Sea e KINGDOM ° S Z Barents N O R N a ay Sea r a a v l ARCTIC y o IRELAND u r N m s y n a N o e a i r w e g a n S a i n OCEAN T K e A 60 B P B PHYSICAL L 60°E R ° C N 0 mi 800 e n 90°E T

a 30°E

I Svalbard n C 0 km 800 North Franz 70

a C

AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION e Josef ° I S Land a e v 0° N R p t Land G C

L a 120°E r e L e E ICELAND e Arctic 80 n l a n d S e a ° D

N e c New n Siberian m

Oodaaq a O r Islands k C a North Pole Island C e 150°E S 30°W Sea of S tr a c i Okhotsk n ocean t a Lincoln i i r Sea GREENLAND e t

b

KAMCHATKA i

S 180° PENINSULA Queen n

t Hayes

s Ellesmere Cape a Peninsula Island 60°W a

E Farewell Baffin Wrangel Island 150°W Elizabeth l D Bay D 120°W 90°W Davis St rait t Chukchi Sea Devon I. Islands t I. se A A Chukchi er it m f f i n I Peninsula a Melville o B a s l a l Point Barrow tr Island S n d e Bering S ing B N Prince of u Ber r o St. Lawrence o rt Banks o h Wales I. Foxe t t Seward Beaufort Melville ai Island k Sl Island Boothia Basin tr i Sea Peninsula s op Peninsula n S a R e Sea Victoria Peninsula so a Hud n Y ng Island ukon e E I Nunivak Island Southampton E s Ma Island l ALASKA ck a e Pacific n CANADA n z d i Hudson s Bristol e Great Ocean Bay Bear Lake Bay

South South Orkney Is. 30°W 15°W 0° 15°E 30°E Atlantic 45° LE imbul 45°E W RC F Shelf CI Ice Ocean S IC 60°W ° T F 60 C 60°E F R A Ruser-Larsen T South N Ice Shelf A Shetland Islands Q U E E N EN ANTARCTIC D M A DER G U BY N D L R PENINSULA L AN S Weddell A A N D A ° L D H 70 S A Sea Larsen T M Mt. Jackson A Valkyrie Indian Ice Shelf O L 13,747 ft A C Dome G ND 4,190 m Filchner Ocean G 75°W PALM 75°E ER Ice Shelf L Berkner A Ronne Amery Ice Shelf Alexander I. N Island T D Ice Shelf R AMERICAN A South H HIGHLAND Bellingshausen T N R Vinson Massif West Pacific Sea 16,067 ft S ANTARCTICA O Ice Shelf D 4,897 m . A POLAR PLATEAU W s Ocean N Mt N S rth South Pole EAST 90 H 90°W A Ellswo °E H L T

L

L A

E WEST R ANTARCTICA -8,327 ft C Bentley Subglacial Trench -2,538 m T Shackleton M I D Ice 105°W A ANTARCTICA C R Shelf I M N E B Dome Y R N D O D L A Ross Circe A Ice U L 105°E J 120°W Shelf N J ANTARCTICA T Roosevelt I. S

PHYSICAL A D E Ross I. I

0 mi 600 N Indian

N

Mt. Erebus A K

12,448 ft L

0 km 600 S L Ocean 3,794 m A AZIMUTHAL EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION Ross I I R Sea O Talos W T Dome C I 135°W V K 120°E K 150°W 180° 150°E 165°W 165°E 135°E 1234567

R26 Reference Atlas