rising to global challenges 25 Years of This booklet is compiled by the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE) to provide an overview of current teaching, research, and achievements in Industrial Ecology (IE). The Society aims to promote IE by providing updated information to academic institutions as well as the general public. This booklet is available in print and electronic media at http:// www.is4ie.org. Copyright © 2015 ISIE CONTENTS

introduction to industrial ecology 3 Industrial Ecology History Elements of Industrial Ecology accomplishments of industrial ecology 5 the international society for industrial ecology 8 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) Eco-Industrial Development/ (EIDC) Socio-Economic Metabolism (SEM) Sustainable Urban Systems (SUS) Organizing Sustainable Consumption and Production (OSCP) Environmental Extended Input Output (EEIO) the journal of industrial ecology: overview and achievements 10 programs in industrial ecology 12 Beijing University of Science and Technology (School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering Master’s Degree of Industrial Ecology) Chalmers University (Master’s Program in Industrial Ecology for ) Erasmus Mundus (Master’s Program in Industrial Ecology) Leiden University and Delft University of Technology (Joint Program in Industrial Ecology) Northeastern University (China) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Master’s Degree Program in Industrial Ecology) Shandong University University of Michigan (Graduate Certificate Program in Industrial Ecology) Yale University, Center for Industrial Ecology (Master of Environmental Management, Specialization in Sustainable Urban and Industrial Systems) career path and statements from industrial ecology students 18 funding industrial ecology research 23 rising to global challenges 25 references 28 appendix 31 Ten-Year Members of the International Society for Industrial Ecology

1

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

Industrial Ecology 1970s along with elements of sociology Industrial Ecology (IE) is a growing (Erkman 2004; Fischer-Kowalski 1998; discipline at the forefront of e≠orts to …IE has emerged as an Fischer-Kowalski and Hüttler 1998). The understand and act upon our sustainabil- important discipline feld incorporates research from several ity challenges. This document celebrates for addressing global developing literatures including life cycle the frst twenty-fve years of mainstream assessment (LCA), , IE, the accomplishments of the Inter- environmental issues. and corporate social national Society for Industrial Ecology responsibility. A 1992 National Academy (ISIE), and its journal. It describes how of Science Colloquium brought together through excellent teaching programs, and e∞cient cycling of materials and energy scholars and led to an important set of industrial research collaboration, IE has in industry and society. Industrial ecology papers outlining the key elements and emerged as an important discipline for also borrows biological concepts related to research goals of the feld. Recognition addressing global environmental issues. the idea of metabolism. Second, indus- of an industrial district in Kalundborg, trial ecology places human technological A variety of defnitions of industrial Denmark where facilities share resources activity industry in the widest sense in the ecology have been advanced including and exchange by-products led to a body of context of the larger ecosystems that sup- that of Robert White, president of the research on “industrial symbiosis” provid- port it, examining the sources of resources U.S. National Academy of Engineering ing an exemplar for the biological analogy used in society and the sinks that may act (White 1994): (Chertow 2000). In institutional terms, to absorb or detoxify wastes. This latter “Industrial ecology is the study of the sense of “ecological” links industrial flows of materials and energy in industrial ecology to questions of carrying capac- and consumer activities, of the e≠ects of ity and ecological resilience. The feld The field has a strong these fows on the environment, and of has a strong anchor in engineering, but anchor in engineering, the infuences of economic, political, reg- includes substantial elements of envi- but includes substantial ulatory, and social factors on the fow, use, ronmental science, environmental and and transformation of resources.” , and management. elements of environmental The name industrial ecology refects science, environmental and signifcant content of the feld. Industrial History ecological economics, and ecology is “industrial” as it views frms as Industrial ecologists typically date the management. agents for environmental improvement beginning of the feld to the 1989 article because they possess the technological in Scientific American by Frosch and expertise that is critical to the successful Gallopoulos which advanced the bio- execution of environmentally informed logical analogy and argued for a systems the U.S. National Academy of Engineering design of products and processes. Indus- approach to environmental analysis, man- and members of AT&T Bell Labs through trial ecology is “ecological” in at least agement, and policy. Yet, the intellectual the AT&T Foundation played key roles two senses. Industrial ecology looks at antecedents include an important article in supporting the coalescence of the feld. non-human “natural” ecosystems as the American Economic Review (Ayres and The appointment of Thomas Graedel at potential models for industrial activ- Kneese 1969) which outlined approaches Yale in 1997 established, as best as can be ity. This is what some researchers have to integrating physical limits – specifcally ascertained, the frst professor of indus- dubbed the “biological analogy” (Graedel material balances – into economic analysis trial ecology. The Journal of Industrial 1996). Many biological ecosystems are as well as research including Belgian and Ecology was founded in the same year and especially e≠ective at recycling resources Japanese scholarship dating back to the and thus are held out as exemplars for

3 u.s. department of labor definition of industrial ecologists the frst Gordon Research Conference on Industrial Ecology was held the following The U.S. Department of Labor’s O*NET (Occupational Information Network) program year. In 2001 the International Society for describes the ‘New & Emerging’ occupation of Industrial Ecologists and their work Industrial Ecology was established and the (NCOD 2015): frst international conference was held at “Apply principles and processes of natural ecosystems to develop models Leiden University in the Netherlands. for e≠icient industrial systems. Use knowledge from the physical and social sciences to maximize e≠ective use of natural resources in the Elements of Industrial Ecology production and use of goods and services. Examine societal issues and The hallmarks of industrial ecology are a their relationship with both technical systems and the environment.” cluster of concepts and tools: Life cycle assessment The tasks undertaken by industrial ecologists include: Product-oriented environmental man- • Analyze changes designed to improve the environmental performance of complex agement and policy systems to avoid unintended negative consequences. Material and energy fow analysis • Apply new or existing research about natural ecosystems to understand economic (MEFA, also called socio-economic and industrial systems in the context of the environment. metabolism)

• Carry out environmental assessments in accordance with applicable standards, Industrial symbiosis regulations, or laws. Eco-e∞ciency

• Conduct analyses to determine the maximum amount of work that can be Dematerialization and decarbonization accomplished for a given amount of energy in a system, such as industrial Uniting these elements are attention to the production systems and waste treatment systems. fow of materials and energy at multiple • Develop alternative energy investment scenarios to compare economic and scales – unit processes, products, supply environmental costs and benefits. chains and product life cycles, facilities

• Evaluate the e≠ectiveness of industrial ecology programs using statistical analysis and groups of facilities, frms, cities, re- and applications. gions, and the globe. Through approaches such as life cycle assessment, design and • Examine local, regional or global use and flow of materials or energy in industrial management, and rigorous materials ac- production processes. counting, industrial ecology also pursues • Examine societal issues and their relationship with both technical systems and the its comprehensive systems perspective environment. (Lifset and Graedel 2002). • Identify or compare the component parts or relationships between the parts of In the early days of industrial ecology, industrial, social, and natural systems. investigation of the soundness and utility • Identify or develop strategies or methods to minimize the environmental impact of of the biological analogy and e≠orts at industrial production processes. eco-design were prominent. In the past decade, input-output analysis (especially multi-regional IOA), studies of resource The most recently updated information, including additional details about the criticality, integration of social science and occupation of Industrial Ecologists, is currently available online at http://www. operations research, agent-based/com- onetonline.org/link/details/19-2041.03. plexity modeling, and National Center for O*NET Development. 19-2041.03. O*NET OnLine. Retrieved long-term socio-ecological research have March 11, 2015, from http://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/19-2041.03. become central to the feld.

4 ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

Sustainability Assessment (Guinée et al., 2011; Heijungs et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2013). They have also furthered the de- velopment of environmentally extended input-output models assessing econo- my-wide environmental impacts (Hup- pes et al., 2006; Tukker et al., 2013). In another case, industrial ecologists have helped to evolve the popular method of into more rigorous measures of carbon, water, nitrogen and other types of footprint (Hoekstra and Wiedmann, 2014).

Recent publications in top scientifc journals such as Nature, Science and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci- ences signal the coming of age of the feld. Examples include work on the scarcity of metals (Reck and Graedel, 2012) and the impacts of global trade on biodiversity The infuence of industrial ecology is European waste management policy has loss (Lenzen et al., 2012; Hertwich, 2012). signifcant and growing, and the analytical been highly infuenced by IE concepts and Scholars of IE have been measuring Chi- tools that are central to the feld, such as practices, notably Extended Producer Re- na’s (Geng et al., 2013), life cycle assessment (LCA) and material sponsibility. In Portugal, IE has been used assessing its sustainability targets (Geng, fow analysis (MFA), are increasingly used to develop the national waste management 2011) and analyzing its urban policies in other disciplines. Both LCA and MFA plan; and IE is now explicitly incorporated (Bai, 2014). Research by industrial ecolo- are used in the Intergovernmental Panel within the Constitution of the Canton and gist is revealing the widespread impacts of on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assess- Republic of Geneva. The now standard humans on the natural environment, such ment Report to examine the embodied approaches to material fow accounting as the human appropriation of net pri- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from used in the EUROSTAT Environmental mary production (Krausmann et al., 2013) buildings, transportation, and other Accounts and by the Organization for and the long legacy of species extinction in sectors. Additionally, industrial ecology Economic Cooperation and Development Europe (Dullinger et al., 2013). IE is con- specialists comprise the core of the United (OECD) were largely developed by indus- tributing on a wide range of topics, from Nations Environment Programme’s trial ecologists. planetary boundaries (Erb et al., 2012) (UNEP) International Resource Panel. Advances in methodologies for assessing and the weight of nations (Wiedmann et They have authored fve of the Panel’s environmental impacts are also among al., 2013), to forest carbon sinks (Erb et seven reports since 2011. the accomplishments of the feld. Indus- al., 2013), low carbon urban infrastructure From a policy perspective, Japan, China, trial Ecologists have written the guides (Kennedy et al., 2014), and the behavior of and the European Union all have laws or and handbooks behind the ISO standards nano-particles in thermal waste treatment polices related to such topics as material for Life Cycle Assessment (Guinée et al., (Walser et al., 2012). These examples are fow analysis reporting, the circular econ- 2002); and they are leading the develop- just the tip of the iceberg of a large and omy, and a sound material society. The ment of improved methods of Life Cycle growing body of work by ISIE members.

5 the society prize flows was the subject of several important The Society Prize is awarded for outstand- articles in the Journal of Industrial Ecology ing contributions to the field of industrial and helped it to gain the intellectual credi- ecology. It is the ISIE’s highest recognition bility it now possesses. of professional achievement. The past But he has contributed much more than recipients are: material and energy systems frameworks. His work on thermodynamic implications for industrial ecology (and economics) is 2003 robert u. ayres only now beginning to be seen in its fullest Robert Ayres was recognized for construct- import. Ayres was one of the earliest ing the basic ideas that have comprised in- scientists to bring Second Law notions into dustrial ecology since the late 1960s. Under industrial ecology and to our sister field several di≠erent descriptions and model of ecological economics as well. His early names, he pointed to the importance of works stressing the importance of examining material and later energy flows as the proper measure to use in studying in a systematic framework both in order energy use are cited widely in current to truly understand them and to devel- research papers showing up in the Journal op rational polices for managing these of Industrial Ecology and other high quality resources. The work was groundbreaking in journals. that it introduced thermodynamics, in this case the First law, to studies of waste and pollution. Ayres developed the notion of 2005 robert frosch material flow based analysis of industrial Distinguished Harvard University systems and produced some of the very researcher, Robert A. Frosch, was credited first comprehensive data on life cycles of with coining the term “industrial ecology”, common industrial processes and sub- and is one of the founders of the field. stances. This work predated the emergence Industrial ecologists typically date the of LCA as a key method in the field. In the beginning of the field to the 1989 article in late 1970s, Ayres again anticipated another Scientific American by Frosch and Gallo- mainstream development, that of material poulos, which advanced the biological flow accounting (MFA) in a book suggest- analogy and argued for a systems approach ing its use as a policy tool. to environmental analysis, management, His metaphor of industrial metabolism pre- and policy. Robert Frosch is a theoretical dates the industrial ecosystem metaphor physicist by education. He conducted that is now a central image underpinning research in ocean acoustics at Columbia the field. Before the notions of materi- and later served as Director for Nuclear al and substance flow analysis became Test Detection, and Deputy Director of popular as research areas in recent years, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Ayres had assembled the largest database in the Department of Defense, Assistant and body of analytical work examining Secretary of the Navy for Research and the flows of key substances like copper Development, Assistant Executive Director and chlorine. His magnus opus on chlorine of the United Nations Environment

6 Programme, Associate Director for Applied John Ehrenfeld made many contribu- Oceanography of the Woods Hole Oceano- tions to Industrial Ecology through his 2013 yuichi moriguchi graphic Institution, Administrator of NASA, research and writing, including a classic pa- Yuichi Moriguchi is the former Director of President of the American Association of per on industrial symbiosis at Kalundborg, the Research Center for Material Cycles Engineering Societies, and Vice President Denmark, as well as work on complex sys- and Waste Management at the National of General Motors Corporation, before tems and sustainability. In October 1999, Institute for Environmental Studies in joining the Kennedy School of Government the World Resources Institute honored him Japan, and is currently Professor of Urban at Harvard University. He is a member of with a lifetime achievement award for his Engineering at the University of Tokyo. His the National Academy of Engineering, the academic accomplishments in the field of major areas of research have been material American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a business and environment. He received the flow analysis (MFA), including its integra- Foreign Member of the UK Royal Academy Founders Award for Distinguished Service tion with life cycle assessment, input-out- of Engineering, and a fellow or member of from the Academy of Management’s Orga- put analysis, with applications for material a number of professional societies. nization and Natural Environment Division recycling and measures of sustainable in August 2000. John Ehrenfeld was a consumption and production. In 1997 and Visiting Professor at the Technical Univer- 2000, Yuichi Moriguchi published joint 2007 thomas graedel sity of Lisbon as a Fulbright Distinguished U.S.-Europe-Japan international research Thomas Graedel has been among the Scholar and at the Technical University reports on MFA, which contributed to the most significant researchers in industrial of Delft. He is an editor of the Journal of standard approaches now used by the Or- ecology, performing important research in Industrial Ecology. He holds a B.S. and Sc.D. ganization for Economic Cooperation and streamlined life cycle assessment, design in Chemical Engineering from MIT, and is Development, among others. Dr Moriguchi for the environment, and materials flow author or co-author of over 200 papers, is a member of a technical advisory group analysis. He has published prolifically books, reports, and other publications. for Japan’s Environment Ministry on sound with more than 300 overall publications material cycles in society, GHG emissions and more than 70 in the general area of inventory, GHG reduction policy, life cycle materials flow analysis alone. Aside from 2011 gjalt huppes assessment and environmental indicators, research, he has made other important Dr. Gjalt Huppes is the former head of the and an editorial committee member for contributions, notably the textbook In- Department of Industrial Ecology, CML, the Japan Society of Material Cycles and dustrial Ecology that he co-authored with at Leiden University. He was awarded the Waste Management. He earned a Ph.D. in Brad Allenby. Thomas Graedel is widely Society Prize for his achievements in the Sanitary and Environmental Engineering recognized for his leadership in building a field of Industrial Ecology, in particular his from Kyoto University in Japan. community of industrial ecologists. He con- pioneering work in life cycle assessment, tributed to the founding of the Journal of substance flow analysis and environmen- Industrial Ecology and served with distinc- tally extended Input-Output analysis. tion as the first of President of the ISIE. Through this and his leadership in orga- nizing international conferences, chairing key UNEP committees and heading the 2009 john ehrenfeld Industrial Ecology department at CML for Dr. Ehrenfeld served as Executive Director over two decades, he has had a tremen- of the International Society for Industrial dous impact in the field. Ecology from 2001 until 2008, after retiring as the Director of the MIT Program on Technology, Business, and Environment.

7 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

ments in Eco-E∞ciency and Eco-Innova- tion; using LCSA for informing and guid- ing the overall sustainable development of society; applications at di≠erent levels from products, to companies, sectors and societies; and use of life cycle based approaches in modeling future scenarios or back-casting.

Eco-Industrial Development/Industrial Symbiosis (EIDC) Industrial symbiosis provides competitive advantage for companies through the physical exchange of materials, water, en- ergy and by-products. This collaborative approach adds value, reduces costs and improves the environment.

The EIDC is a not for proft corporation The International Society for Industrial subject sections that over half of the ISIE with o∞ces in Minneapolis, Minnesota Ecology is an interdisciplinary forum of members participate in. and is a loose a∞liation of public and pri- natural and social scientists, engineers, vate sector interests focused upon eco-in- Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment policymakers and practitioners inspired dustrial development or applied industrial (LCSA) by the industrial ecological metaphor and symbiosis. Having formed in 2003, this Practitioners in the LCSA section are by concerns for sustainability. Founded in group of North American practitioners applying current methods of life cycle 2001, its mission is: voted in June 2006 to formally a∞liate assessment (LCA) to determine impacts • To advance the development of sys- with ISIE. It is now an international col- of various products and processes; and de- tems based analysis methods, tools and lective of experts in industrial symbiosis. veloping new methods that apply life cycle solutions in pursuit of sustainable tech- perspectives towards sustainability assess- nologies, product and service systems, Socio-Economic Metabolism (SEM) ment. This section is intended for those ISIE’s SEM Section is the largest global consumption and economies; and working in the feld of LCA and LCSA network of researchers employing material • To promote the use of industrial ecology and also for those interested in bringing fow analysis as a tool for environmental in research, education, industrial practic- other life cycle based tools together and sustainability assessment. The purpose es, policy, and community development linking them to appropriate questions and of this Section is to develop material fow in order to transform society and achieve applications. analysis internationally in academia and a more sustainable economy. The LCSA section o≠ers a platform for to promote its application in policy and Members of the ISIE are able to join discussing methodology proposals and businesses. This includes establishing and subject specifc sections as part of their case studies addressing the broaden- maintaining cooperation with interna- membership. Sections provide a focused ing and deepening of LCA into LCSA. tional organizations, companies, and community within the ISIE through Topics addressed by the section include: government organizations. which ideas are exchanged and collabora- improvement and alignment of life cycle tions are formed. There are currently six methodologies; linkage with develop-

8 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

Sustainable Urban Systems (SUS) architects, geographers, engineers, econo- understanding of the issues for environ- The Sustainable Urban Systems Section mists, scientists, and others. mental organization of product chains is is concerned with applying methods of therefore at the heart of the activities of industrial ecology towards the sustainable Organizing Sustainable Consumption this section. development of cities, their supporting and Production (OSCP) The OSCP Section provides a platform for hinterlands, and the networked infra- This OSCP Section explores the challenge systematic and interdisciplinary treatment structure that connects them. This is an of achieving sustainability for product of the management issues of product applied, cross-cutting section in which chains. The globalized economy has led chains. Its discussions draw upon contri- various IE methods, such as LCA, MFA, to much outsourcing of production, and butions from supply chain management, EIO, complex systems theory and thermo- product life cycles consequently sprawl life cycle management, environmental dynamics, are applied at the urban scale. across the globe. This poses particular management and strategy, product design Issues addressed include (but are not challenges for their sustainability manage- and service systems, environmental limited to): developing urban infrastruc- ment and governance; no single actor has sociology and governance, among others. ture for low carbon cities; urban waste overview, much less control, over an entire The development of methodologies that management and material recycling; production and consumption system, yet combine environmental studies with study urban transportation; green buildings; changes need to be considered in the con- of organization and management is of sustainable water and nutrient manage- text of the entire system in order to reduce special interest for the Section. ment; urban energy systems; resilient cit- environmental impacts. Although LCA can provide comprehensive environmental ies; adapting cities to climate change, and Environmental Extended Input descriptions for products, the capacity to provision of infrastructure for the urban Output (EEIO) poor. Practical solutions to these issues are act upon such information is not auto- The purpose of this Section is to develop informed through study of , matic – it requires actors that commu- environmentally extended input output urban metabolism and the dynamics of nicate, collaborate, coordinate, etc., their analysis internationally in academia and city growth. Membership of the section is environmental demands, tasks, actions, to promote its application in policy and broad ranging, including: urban planners, etc., in these systems. The improved businesses. This includes establishing and maintaining cooperation with interna- tional organizations, companies, and government organizations, including the International Input Output Association.

More specifc activities of the Section include: developing best practices in EEIO methodology; providing a platform for exchange of EEIO data in a common format, or mutual support between members in data development; providing a platform for exchange of operational procedures and scripts; engaging with National Statistical O∞ces and interna- tional bodies to improve o∞cial data and methodologies used in EEIO; and pro- moting applications of EEIO in political and corporate decision making.

9 THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY: OVERVIEW AND ACHIEVEMENTS

the world. Because of the important role of China in the global environment and em- phasis in China on environmental strategies closely aligned with industrial ecology, the JIE translates abstracts for all articles into Chinese, extending the reach of the Journal and increasing the dissemination of indus- trial ecology research to new audiences.

The JIE has played a leadership role in shaping the discourse and research agenda on many issues. An early special issue on e-commerce, the internet and the environ- ment catalyzed research on the environmen- tal dimensions of the shift to a digital econ- omy. A special issue on nanotechnology and the environment highlighted the impacts of nanomanufacturing, previously thought to be benign because of the prospect of creating The Journal of Industrial Ecology (JIE) is The JIE has been rated as the top journal nanomaterials “one atom at a time.” Articles a peer-reviewed, international bimonthly devoted to industry and the environment on corn ethanol and on electric vehicles owned by Yale University and published by North American management research- generated intense national and global debate by Wiley-Blackwell. The JIE is the o∞cial ers (Cohen, 2005). journal of the International Society for The JIE was chosen in 2005 for inclusion Industrial Ecology. in the Science Citation Index Expanded, In its 18th year in 2014, the Journal has maintained by Thomson Reuters/ISI. This …an important reference been described by the prestigious journal citation index tracks the pattern of citations for those interested Nature as: (referencing) among the top peer-reviewed in how business and journals worldwide. Only 10% of the jour- “timely…[bringing a] global perspective nals that apply for inclusion are accepted. Its [and]...fresh and balanced voices to a some- government can maintain journal impact factor, a measure of the fre- times parochial discussion… It is both very the benefits of the first quency with which the articles of a journal is readable and very well edited; with the arti- cited in other work, was 2.7 for 2013. industrial revolution while cles ftting together more like a puzzle than a mélange of individual contributions. Not to Since its founding, the JIE has evolved and dramatically reducing the be read only once or in one sitting, this jour- grown. What began as a print quarterly burden those benefits place nal is an important reference for those inter- available only by subscription has evolved on the underlying living ested in how business and government can into a hybrid open access bimonthly journal maintain the benefts of the frst industrial available in print and electronic form. In systems that need to be revolution while dramatically reducing the this evolution, the Journal progressed from sustained during the next burden those benefts place on the underly- distribution in print form in a few hundred industrial revolution. ing living systems that need to be sustained libraries to electronic distribution through during the next industrial revolution.” more than 7,000 institutional sites around

10 THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY: OVERVIEW AND ACHIEVEMENTS

on both the environmental benefts of those special issues of the journal of industrial ecology technologies and the methodologies used to The Journal of Industrial Ecology has published over 1,190 papers in 17 volumes since assess them. An especially central contribu- its founding. The breadth and diversity of topics within Industrial Ecology is reflected tion of the JIE has been its role helping to by the special issues of the Journal. defne and grow the feld.

• The Industrial Ecology of Paper and Wood: 1(3) (Reid Lifset)

• E-Commerce, the Internet, and the Environment: 6(2) (David Rejeski)

• Biobased Products: 7(3–4) (Robert Anex)

• Consumption and Industrial Ecology: 9(1–2) (Edgar Hertwich)

• Eco-e≠iciency: 9(4) (Gjalt Huppes, Masanobu Ishikawa)

• Nanotechnology and Industrial Ecology: 12(3) (Roland Clift, Shannon Lloyd)

• Materials Use Across World Regions: 12(5–6) (Helga Weisz, Heinz Schandl)

• Complexity and Industrial Ecology: 13(2) (Gerard Dijkema, Lauren Basson)

• Applications of : 13(5) (Claudia Binder, Ester van der Voet,  Kirsten Sinclair Rosselot)

• Sustainable Consumption and Production: 14(1) (Arnold Tukker, Maurie Cohen,  Klaus Hubacek, Oksana Mont)

• Environmental Applications of Information and Communication Technology: 14(5) (Eric Masanet, H. Scott Matthews)

• Industrial Symbiosis: 16(1) (D. Rachel Lombardi, Donald Lyons, Han Shi,  Abhishek Agarwal)

• Meta-Analysis of Life Cycle Assessments: 16(Supp. 1) (Miguel Brandão, Garvin Heath,  Joyce Cooper)

• Greening Growing Giants: 16(4) (Seiji Hashimoto, Marina Fischer-Kowalski,  Sangwon Suh, Xuemei Bai)

• Sustainable Urban Systems: 16(6) (Christopher Kennedy, Lawrence Baker,  Shobhakar Dhakal, Anu Ramaswami)

• Extended Producer Responsibility (Special Feature): 17(2) (Reid Lifset, Atalay Atasu,  Naoko Tojo)

• Frontiers in Footprinting (Special Feature): 18(1) (Reid Lifset)

• Sustainability in Manufacturing: The Role of Life Cycle Engineering: 18(4) (Christoph Herrmann, Michael Hauschild, Tim Gutowski, Reid Lifset)

• Industrial Ecology as a Source of Competitive Advantage (Special Feature): 18(5) (Andrew Hoffman, Peter Wells, Charles Corbett, Nitin Joglekar)

11 PROGRAMS IN INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY

automobile, furniture, green buildings and process industry have employed gradu- ates of the program in positions such as environmental strategy analyst, project leaders at environmental divisions and in technology development. Environmental consultancy frms have hired graduates for life cycle assessment, systems analyses of energy resources and waste. Some students now work in governmental agencies: e.g. Swedish Energy Agency, Swedish Envi- ronmental Technology Council. Other stu- dents have continued within academia both at Chalmers (Physical Resource Theory, Environmental Systems Analysis, Energy Technology, Logistics and Transportation, Shipping and Marine Technology) and other internationally known institutions. Over four hundred courses in IE are Chalmers University (Master’s Program program structure taught at universities around the in Industrial Ecology for Sustainable The frst semester consists of compulsory world. Here we highlight several Development) courses including Sustainable Develop- universities that have gone further, The program aims are to equip students ment, Science of Environmental Change, by establishing programs or certifcates with: i) the competencies, knowledge and Environmental Systems Analysis and in IE. (Further programs are listed by tools needed to analyze environmental Technical Change and the Environment. Finlayson et al, 2014). impacts and resource constraints; ii) the In the second and third semesters students ability to plan, lead, and evaluate projects choose at least four out of ten semi-com- in application areas such as product de- Beijing University of Science and pulsory courses. These courses are broadly velopment, land and resource use, energy Technology (School of Metallurgical divided into two di≠erent tracks depending systems, and large-scale urban planning. and Ecological Engineering Master’s on interest: Degree of Industrial Ecology) Industrial Ecology provides a solution-ori- • Company level courses (e.g. Environ- The IE program is hosted in the School ented engineering approach to environ- mental Management and Life Cycle of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineer- mental and sustainability problems. Hence, Analysis). ing, which consists of the Department of while it is important for graduates of the Ecological Science and Engineering, the program to have gained a broad under- • Society level courses (e.g. Environmen- Department of Physical Chemistry, the standing of environmental problems in tal Policy Instruments and Sustainable Department of Ferrous Metallurgy and the nature, they should become experts in Energy Futures). Department of Non-ferrous Metallurgy, analytical tools that facilitate the suggestion The program ends with a master’s thesis together with the Institute of Historical of relevant measures or policies. either in industry or in a research depart- Metallurgy and Materials and an Experi- Engineers from the program have obtained ment. Several students from the program ment Center. jobs in industry, environmental consul- have also conducted master’s theses in the tancy frms, governmental agencies and form of Minor Field Studies (MFS) in research. Industrial sectors such as energy, developing countries. 12 For further details see: http://www.chalm- • Analyze problems in the field of Indus- program structure ers.se/en/education/programmes/masters-in- trial Ecology such as waste, resource The Program includes six specialization fo/Pages/Industrial-Ecology.aspx and technology management from a modules taught at partner universities:

multidisciplinary perspective. • University of Graz (Austria):The human Erasmus Mundus (Master’s Program in • Identify, analyze and assess environ- dimension of Industrial Ecology – Deci- Industrial Ecology) mental e≠ects of processes, products, sion-making models and sustainability The objective of the “Erasmus Mundus projects and strategies. assessment Master’s Program in Industrial Ecology” is • Apply general academic skills for the • Leiden University, Delft University to enable students to understand and pro- Industrial Ecology context, such as the of Technology (The Netherlands): pose solutions that support the transition use of research methods and tools from Industrial Ecology methods and tools, towards a sustainable society. With teach- statistics, data collection, modeling tech- in particular modeling certain material ing through an international consortium, niques, IT, as well as the critical applica- systems a unique view on the feld of “Industrial tion and evaluation of theories, concepts • Chalmers University of Technology Ecology” at local, European and global and principles. (Sweden): Sustainable technical systems levels is possible. Students learn a meth- • Clearly prepare the results in written odologically correct approach to complex • Asian Institute of Technology (Thai- form and for presentations for academic interdisciplinary issues and are introduced land): Asian perspective on Industrial and non-academic target groups. to specifc subject areas by experts of the Ecology, technology issues in Industrial partner universities. Thereby, a strong • Apply their knowledge and scientific Ecology emphasis is placed both on research and skills on complex issues in inter- and • Rochester Institute of Technology practical problem solving applications for trans-disciplinary teams, furthermore (U.S.A.): Alternative energy and deci- sustainable development. to demonstrate necessary social skills sion analysis (e.g. writing, discussion, confict After completing this study program • Waseda University (Japan): Industrial management, teamwork, project should be able to: Ecology methods based on input output management) and therefore to be able analysis, with special emphasis on waste • Understand and to adequately describe to contribute to a transition towards a and resource management the dynamics, complexity and interrela- sustainable society. tions between natural, technical, social Graduates of the program have gone on to and economic processes and systems in careers in the following areas: Leiden University and Delft University terms of sustainable development. of Technology (Joint Program in • Administration and management • Apply and improve state-of-the-art Industrial Ecology) methods and techniques in the feld of • Environmental and management The Master of Science in Industrial “Industrial Ecology”. This particularly consultancy Ecology (IE) started in September 2004 includes methods of system analysis, • Industrial companies (e.g. product and was accredited in February 2011. The “Life Cycle Assessment,” Material Flow design, waste management) number of students graduating grew Analysis, Input-Output Analysis, Stake- from 15 in 2011–2012 to 21 in 2012–2013. • International organizations holder Analysis, “Transition Manage- The incoming class in 2012–2013 had ment”, System Dynamics, “Agent Based • Quality assurance 43 students, increasing to 53 students in Modeling” and the implementation, • Service industry (e.g. tourism) 2013–2014. monitoring and management of innova- • Scientific Research tion processes. • Teaching

13 Industrial Ecology graduates fnd employ- • Urban Environments and ment opportunities throughout business, Infrastructures industry and government, as well as in Industrial Ecology • Sustainable Innovation and Social non-governmental organizations, uni- graduates find employment Change versities and research institutes. They opportunities throughout • System Earth operate as mediators, system designers, innovators and scientifc researchers. business, industry and • Design of Sustainable Technological They are primarily engaged in activities government, as well as Systems designed to encourage people at all levels in non-governmental • Specialization Modules of society to consider adopting sustainable practices and to initiate change in existing organizations, universities Courses Second Year • Interdisciplinary Project Groups patterns of production and consumption. and research institutes Graduates of the program typically secure • Thesis Preparation Module suitable employment within one year after • Thesis Research Project graduating. and written examinations. The program • Specialization Modules: Advanced provides possibilities for exchange with Examples of positions held by graduates Course on LCA include: foreign universities and companies. The second year of the program consists of For further information see: http://www. • Policy researcher at Netherlands compulsory group projects and an indi- industrialecology.nl Assessment Agency vidual research trajectory culminating in • Procurement manager Shell an M.Sc. thesis. During the group projects Northeastern University (China) • Consultant Natural Resources Defense multidisciplinary teams of students have Highlights of Program Council the task of analyzing and developing solu- • In December 2013, “Industrial Ecology- tions for specifc industry related sustain- • Corporate Management Trainee Tunneling through the Environmental ability problems. In these project groups Nuon Energy Mountain” was frst o≠ered on the students learn to analyze a problem from Internet as a State Open Class. • Consultant Climate, Energy and di≠erent points of view and discover the Sustainable Building Milieudienst added value of working in multidisci- • The program graduates an average of 10 Zuidoost Utrecht plinary teams. students with Masters degrees each year, with a smaller number working towards • Researcher at Rathenau Institute Courses First Year the Ph.D. • Partner at Ecomatters • General Introduction to Industrial Ecology • Northeastern collaborates with IE de- • Consultant IMSA Amsterdam • Renewable Energy Systems partments in other universities including program structure Yale University, the University of Man- • Fundamentals of Systems, Data, The study program consists of a two- chester, the University of Tokyo, Ritsu- Models and Computational Thinking year curriculum. The frst year focuses on meikan University, Nagoya University, the core concept of Industrial Ecology. • Analytical Methodologies and Tools National Institute for Environmental Courses and modules are practice-focused • Social Systems – Policy and Studies (NIES), the University of Mel- and are taught and examined in classes by Management bourne, Tsinghua University, University means of project teamwork, presentations of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

14 • Graduates from the program find em- the industry-environment context that • A project and a Master’s thesis.

ployment opportunities in universities, are relevant are: energy, waste, industrial Available courses include: research institutes on environment or iron parks and networks, as well as sustain- • Industrial Ecology & steel production, and in government. able production and consumption. The students are equipped for jobs in research, • Life cycle assessment and eco-e∞ciency Norwegian University of Science and policy analysis (government, civic actors), Technology (Master’s Degree Program • Environmental management and and technical analysis in large companies in Industrial Ecology) corporate social responsibility and consultancies. Norwegian University of Science and • Input-output analysis, trade and Technology (NTNU)’s Masters program program structure environment provides students with the ability to apply The two year course of study consists of • Energy and environmental consequences the analytical tools of Industrial Ecology the following elements: • Environmental politics to a wider range of environmental issues • Core courses in Industrial Ecology, and across di≠erent scales, from individual taken by all students in the program. • Material flow analysis production processes through value chains • Elective courses allowing the students • Eco-design to national economies. Analysis serves to to acquire additional skills or factual quantify environmental impacts, under- • Environmental and resource economics knowledge in a feld directly relevant to stand how environmental stresses are pro- For further details see: http://www.ntnu. their Master’s thesis. duced, and to evaluate proposed solutions edu/studies/msindecol/ or alternative courses of action. Issues in

15 Shandong University In 2008, Professor Wennersten helped Shandong University (SDU) establish the industrial ecology major, the frst in China. The Joint Research Centre for Industrial Ecology, JRCIE, is a joint venture between SDU and KTH Stock- holm. Located in new facilities at the Shandong University campus, JRCIE is developing activities in the areas of education, research & development as well as commercial applications of sustainable technologies.

University of Michigan (Graduate Certificate Program in Industrial Ecology) The primary objective of the Program in Industrial Ecology (PIE) is to provide University of Michigan graduate students fundamental skills in, and knowledge of, industrial ecology methods and applica- tions. PIE’s certifcate complements any feld of study by providing specialization in technological and industrial innovation, consumer behavior and consumption patterns, policy and regulatory issues, and economic factors and market forces to achieve more sustainable systems. Partici- pating students will be better prepared to design and manage natural and indus- trial systems to meet human needs in an environmentally, economically and socially sustainable manner.

program structure The certifcate in IE at the University of Michigan requires completion of fve courses: • Industrial Ecology (core course) • System Analysis and Sustainability (one selection from: Environmental Impact Assessment; Biogeochemical Cycles; 16 Systems Thinking for Sustainable De- toward the many opportunities for tech- Energy Systems Analysis velopment and Enterprise; Sustainable nological, policy, and market interventions Industrial Ecology Design of Technology Systems; Environ- in urban and industrial settings that will Managing Resources mental Systems Analysis; Consumption, be critical to achieving global sustainabil- Trade, and Environ. Input-Output Analy- ity through focus on systems approaches. Energy Technology Innovation sis; Life Cycle Assessment: Human Health The topics of this Specialization overlap Advanced Industrial Ecology Seminar and Environ Impacts) and are intended to be integrative but Life Cycle Analysis Practicum • Energy Systems (one selection from: are broken down into three areas that Supply Chain Management Sustainable Energy Systems; Transporta- together make up the core material: tion Energy & Climate; Energy Infrastruc- • Urban systems advance understanding Urban Systems ture Systems) of urbanization as a coupled human-nat- Urbanization, Global Change, and Sustainability • Environmental Policy and Strategies ural process of change and transforma- (one selection from: Environmental Law; tion from local to global scales. Ecological Urban Design Natural Resources Conflict Management; • Industrial systems draw on the School’s Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Strategy for Sustainable Development; Sus- leadership in industrial ecology and Change in Urban Areas tainable Development: Resolving Economics industrial environmental management and Environ Conflicts; The Politics of En- Seminar in Research Analysis, Writing including and green vironmental Regulation; Energy Markets and Communication engineering, technology development, and Energy Politics) Introduction to Urban Design and resource management. (one selec- Introduction to Planning and • Risk and Economic Analysis • Business systems provide a financial and tion from: Principles of Risk Assessment; Development market-based view crucial to under- : Quantitative standing current and future states of Business Systems Methods and Tools; Advanced Natural Re- urban and industrial development (see Corporate Environmental Management source Economics; Environmental Energy also the Specialization in Business and the and Strategy and Resource Economics; Energy Economics Environment). and Policy; Ecological Risk Assessment) The New Corporate Social Responsibil- program structure ity: Public Problems, Private Solutions, http://indus- For further information see: Students intending to specialize in Sus- and Strategic Responses trialecology.umich.edu/ tainable Urban and Industrial Systems Private Investment and the Environ- are recommended to take three or more ment: Legal Foundations and Tools Yale University, Center for Industrial courses in their topical area of greatest Green Markets: Voluntary and Infor- Ecology (Master of Environmental interest, at least two courses in their area mation-based Approaches to Environ- Management, Specialization in of secondary interest, and one course from mental Management Sustainable Urban and Industrial the remaining area. These courses are in Systems) addition to the Foundations courses, an Business and the Environment Con- The specialization in Sustainable Urban Integrative Frameworks course, and at sulting Clinic and Industrial Systems seeks to improve least one Capstone course. Financing Green Technologies understanding of how urban and indus- Industrial Systems For further details see http://environment. trial systems operate, their underlying Green Engineering and Sustainable yale.edu/academics/degrees/mem/urban-in- drivers, and their impacts on society and Design dustrial/ the biosphere. It will also point students

17 CAREER PATH AND STATEMENTS FROM INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY STUDENTS

saskia van gendt Captain Planet for Method, San Francisco, U.S.A./M.Sc. Industrial Ecology, Leiden University/TU Delft, the Netherlands Saskia studied industrial ecology at Leiden and Delft Universities and environmental science at Northwestern University. She worked for six years at the U.S. Environmen- tal Protection Agency, where she led material sustainability projects in packaging, building products, and food waste. Saskia is currently with Captain Planet for Method, a green cleaning company based in San Francisco.

max sonnen Co-Founder of Ecomatters, the Eight students were interviewed on how management. After majoring in Biology, she Netherlands/M.Sc. Industrial Ecology, their training in Industrial Ecology has became interested in the interactions of humans Erasmus University, the Netherlands helped their careers. industrial and agricultural systems with the natural environment. Moving to Denmark, Max obtained his bachelors degree in Systems she wanted to help find ways to allow industry Engineering, Policy Analysis & Management ben zhu and agriculture to continue developing, without at the Delft University of Technology. After Ph.D. TU Delft, the Netherlands/Erasmus increasing the ecological burden. his M.Sc. in Industrial Ecology he founded Mundus M.Sc. Industrial Ecology (MIND) Ecomatters, a company which develops After several years of intercultural experiences tools and implements projects in the field of in China, Scotland, Austria, U.S. and the angelica mendoza beltran (product) life cycle management. Max’ focus Netherlands, being intrigued by the top- Ph.D. Leiden University, the Netherlands/ mainly lies on the implications for strategy, ics of industrial ecology, sustainability and M.Sc. Industrial Ecology, Leiden economics and IT aspects. renewable energy, Ben is currently a Ph.D. University, the Netherlands candidate at Delft University of Technology, Angelica completed her studies in Environ- julian patron coppel focusing on building an industrial symbiosis mental Engineering at Los Andes University CTS EMBARQ Mexico World Resource data repository. (2006) in her home city of Bogota, Colombia. Institute / European Master’s on After her M.Sc. degree in Industrial Ecology Sustainability, Politecnica de Catalunya at Leiden University she worked at the Neth- UPC, Barcelona, Spain with an exchange amanda louise hill erlands Environmental Assessment Agency at Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Ph.D. Aalborg University, Denmark/ (PBL) as a junior Policy Researcher (2012). Stockholm, Sweden M.Sc. Environmental Management and There, she was involved with the development Sustainability Science, Aalborg University, and applications of the IMAGE Integrated Julian is an industrial and systems engineer Denmark Assessment Model. with professional experience in manufacturing Amanda grew up in Adelaide, Australia, and from the private sector, and fisheries man- even from a young age was interested in waste agement and regulation from the government

18 CAREER PATH AND STATEMENTS FROM INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY STUDENTS

sector. In recent years he has worked on urban What were your favorite IE classes mobility and urban development projects for during your study? EMBARQ / World Resources Institute. His angelica: Di∞cult question. Sometimes Those courses helped me interests lie within the branches of life cycle what you like most is not what you are reframe my approach to assessment, energy systems, and mostly urban best at ;) … I enjoyed a lot the lessons on environmental challenges metabolism and development. social sciences for IE. They really broaden my previous engineering background and to consider effects and made me realize that real understanding of relationships within johan berg petterssen environmental issues needs a multidisci- Senior advisor and Partner at larger environmental and plinary approach. Also the analytical tools Miljøsystemsanalyse (MiSA) economic systems. and modeling classes were very interesting Johan graduated in 2003, from NTNU with for me and gave me a more robust frame- a Master in Biotechnology. He then com- work for assessment of environmental industry leaders who have established a pleted a Ph.D. in Industrial Ecology in 2007 problems and systems. at the Department of Energy and Process network to try to encourage IE activities The fundamental courses about Engineering. saskia: here in Aalborg. system fow analysis and life cycle analysis On my frst job as a junior laid an important foundation for the angelica: policy researcher, I realized that I could zhu liu principles of IE. Those courses helped me actually apply many of the concepts and Giorgio Ru≠olo Fellow in the reframe my approach to environmental tools I learned when I was an IE student. Sustainability Science Program and the challenges to consider e≠ects and rela- I realized that my conceptual background Energy Technology Innovation Policy tionships within larger environmental and was very broad, from chemical processes project in Harvard University. economic systems. I also took a class on and technologies to renewable energies Zhu’s research is mainly about energy sus- the built environment which ultimately and system earth dynamics. I was able to tainability in China. Specifically, Zhu’s work inspired me to work on green building. understand what climate policies were quantifies carbon emission and explores options How did your training in IE help your referring to and what they were intended for a low carbon pathway for China’s sustain- later career development? / How do to do in society and therefore I was able to able development. He received his Ph.D. in you apply your training in IE to your research on whether they were su∞cient Ecology from the Chinese Academy of Sciences daily work? to actually mitigate climate change at a (CAS) in 2013. He also holds a Bachelor’s amanda: Currently I am writing a Ph.D. global scale. Also, I realized that technical degree in Geology from Northwest University about waste management at Aalborg Uni- skills that I learned as an IE student like (2007) and a Master’s degree in Ecology from versity in Denmark, and exploring the use computer programing, data management China Agricultural University (2009). of IE as a waste management strategy for and environmental modeling were an asset industrial waste. So I use my IE training for my daily work. every day. I also feel that the understand- max: I run, together with a partner who ing of the biological metaphor and the is a toxicologist, a consultancy frm in cyclic, systems thinking is benefcial to Sustainability and Chemical Safety. We do all areas of waste management. So even a lot of sustainability strategy implemen- when I am working with household waste, tation and environmental assessment all I try to see the systems through an IE based on quantitative assessment such as lens. I also have contacts with some local LCA. So from that sense I use the actual

19 knowledge and skills I learned at IE on a At some point I would like to pursue daily basis. a Ph.D., not on the academic branch though; personally I fnd very interesting I also hope to implement johan: The systems perspective that we learned in IE is the basis for my current sustainability projects where there is an IE disciplines in developing position and the backbone of all my work. intersection between academia, govern- countries, aiming at ment initiatives and the private sector, To understand how all parts of a system merging bottom-up are connected to each other, and have tools which at the end of the day is the one and a language to describe these relations who capitalizes projects and makes things initiatives with top-down and the mechanisms involved is useful in happen with a high e∞ciency degree. As strategies. any job. of my interests within IE and its broad subjects, I am very attracted towards ur- ban metabolism and data visualization. people in the world are in our positions I enjoy practical LCA and sys- To understand how all parts johan: as system thinkers going beyond disci- tems analysis work and hope to be doing plinary boundaries. There is a whole new of a system are connected more of it in the future, and perhaps less emerging market for us out there, not be- to each other, and have of the management tasks. Since cofound- cause it is something fashionable as some tools and a language to ing our own consultancy MiSA I have marketers take advantage of, but because learned that the real value of tools and there is an urgent need for innovation describe these relations and research lies with the user and how they towards human welfare improvement. the mechanisms involved is are used. My current main objective is We have the insight and tools on how to useful in any job. to expand the understanding and use of achieve it. the IE perspective outside the traditional liu: Keeping doing right things, making community. a di≠erence and contributing to a better liu: It is a wonderful journey doing future. What are your mid/long term career research, and I have many (well) minded objectives? friends; I would love to be a researcher. ben: I believe the combination of the strengths of human brains and machines Do you have some good advice for will power cutting-edge productivity. current students in IE? So I will try to practice in the feld of ben: Think proactively and act practically. IE 2.0, linking information technology Maybe not advice but perspec- with IE in an industrial level. With my saskia: tive: When I was studying industrial background, I also hope to implement ecology, it seemed fairly abstract. But IE IE disciplines in developing countries, is actually a very practical study. Once aiming at merging bottom-up initiatives you start applying it to a particular with top-down strategies. industry or system, it’s a very useful skill julian: I would like to work as a consul- that lots of companies value. tant for a frm specializing in integrated Believe in what you do and make sustainability with a system vision; julian: it fun; no need to make it boring. Few such as Except Integrated Sustainability.

20 the laudise young Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC chains (such as carbon footprinting), and researcher prize Berkeley. He has Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in the sustainability of infrastructure systems. Civil Engineering from Carnegie Mellon Dr. Matthews has served as chair of the The Laudise Prize is awarded for outstand- University, and a Diploma in Civil Engi- Committee on Sustainable Systems and ing achievements in industrial ecology by neering from the Technical University of Technology with the Institute of Electrical a researcher under the age of 36. Endowed Budapest (Hungary). His research interests and Electronic Engineers and on the Exec- by AT&T in memory of Robert Laudise, past are in developing methods and tools for life utive Committee for the American Center recipients are: cycle assessment of civil infrastructure sys- for Life Cycle Assessment. He participated in tems and other industries. His research has the National Research Council study on the 2003 edgar hertwich focused on the environmental implications Hidden Costs of Energy and is a member of Since winning the inaugural Laudise Prize, of transportation systems, buildings, con- the NRC Board on Environmental Studies Edgar Hertwich has become Professor of struction, water and wastewater systems, and Toxicology. and various service industries, and life cycle Energy and Environmental Systems Analysis He was awarded the Best Policy Paper in assessment modeling using hybrid meth- at the Norwegian University of Science and 2008, by Environmental Science & Technol- ods, environmentally augmented economic Technology. His research has included work ogy (ES&T) for his article (with C.L. Weber) input-output analysis, and environmental on life cycle assessment of energy technolo- “Food-Miles and the Relative Climate Im- performance measurement. Arpad Horvath gies; modeling and accounting of emissions pacts of Food Choices in the United States.” and resource use related to consump- is the director of the Consortium on Green tion and international trade; the carbon Design and Manufacturing (CGDM), and footprint of nations; risk analysis; and life Associate Editor of the ASCE’s Journal of 2009 sangwon suh cycle impact assessment in the marine Infrastructure Systems. Dr. Sangwon Suh obtained his Ph.D. (cum environment. Edgar Hertwich was the lead laude) for his dissertation, “Materials and author of the UN International Resource Energy Flows in Industry and Ecosystem 2007 scott matthews Panel 2009 report on The Environmental Networks” at Leiden University in the Scott Matthews is Professor in the Depart- Impacts of Production and Consumption, Netherlands in 2004. Following a position ment of Civil and Environmental Engineer- and leads two other groups of the Panel. He at the University of Minnesota in 2005, he ing and the Department of Engineering was also lead analyst for the Global Energy joined the University of California, Santa and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon Assessment of the International Institute Barbara (Bren School) in 2010. Sangwon University. He is also Research Director of of Systems Analysis. He is a member of the Suh was appointed as a member of UNEP’s the University’s Green Design Institute. His editorial board of the Journal of Industrial International Resources Panel in 2009, and research and teaching focuses on valuing Ecology and has co-authored more than 50 has been the coordinating lead author of the socioeconomic implications of environ- peer-reviewed journal articles, many which the Assessment Report 5 by the Intergov- mental systems, sustainable engineering, have appeared in leading journals. Hertwich ernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). and industrial ecology. His work facilitates earned a Ph.D. in energy and resources from He is an Associate Editor of the Journal of environmental decision making under the University of California, Berkeley. Industrial Ecology and was elected Chair of uncertainty via large datasets, computation, the 2012 Gordon Research Conference on In- and visualization methods. He has contrib- dustrial Ecology. He serves on merit review uted to the development of tools for envi- 2005 arpad horvath committees of the U.S. National Science ronmental and energy life cycle assessment Arpad Horvath is a Professor in the Engi- Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, of products and processes (such as the neering and Project Management Program U.S. Department of Agriculture and the EIO-LCA model), estimating and tracking and in the Energy, Civil Infrastructure and Swiss National Science Foundation. Dr. Suh Climate Program in the Department of environmental e≠ects across global supply

21 worked in the Massachusetts State Exec- utive O≠ice of Environmental A≠airs and Design that Matters, a non-profit product design company, and was a Peace Corps science instructor in southern Nepal for several years. He received a doctorate in Chemical and Environmental Engineering from Yale.

Alissa Kendall joined the University of California Davis as an Assistant Professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering in the summer of 2007 after completing a multidisciplinary Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. Kendall received the 2013 Laudise Prize (jointly with Eckelmann) for her work on life cycle assessments of biofuel produc- tion pathways, agricultural systems, vehi- cles, and transportation infrastructure. The prize additionally commends Kendall for her ongoing research on carbon accounting practices and the role of LCA in policy.

has authored, co-authored or edited three books and over 60 peer-reviewed journal 2013 matthew eckelman and articles, and his publications include some alyssa kendall of the most widely cited in the field. Matthew Eckelman is an Assistant Profes- sor at Northeastern University in Civil and Environmental Engineering. His research 2011 anders strømman covers life cycle assessment and systems Professor Anders Hammer Strømman modeling of the environmental impacts of conducts research on environmental assess- chemicals and emerging materials, such ment of Energy and Transport systems as nanomaterials, biofuels and biobased on which he has published more than 40 chemicals. Dr. Eckelman consults regularly peer-reviewed journal articles. He is cur- on sustainability-related projects with a rently a contributing author to the Working range of businesses, institutions, and gov- Group III of the 5th assessment report ernment agencies, with a particular focus of the IPCC. On a daily basis he teaches on industrial chemicals and formulated graduate courses in Life Cycle Assessment products. He also sits on the Advisory Board and Environmental input-output analysis of the Resources Optimization Initiative in for the students of the Industrial Ecology Bangalore, India. Dr. Eckelman previously and Energy & Environment study programs at NTNU.

22 FUNDING INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY RESEARCH

Industrial Ecologists have conducted nu- Lenzen from University of Sydney, with Further examples are two projects led by merous high impact research projects over Tommy Wiedmann (UNSW) managing Geng Yong, Professor on circular economy the years, with funding from both public the operational phase. Other collabora- and industrial ecology, at the Institute and private sectors. No comprehensive tors on the IE Lab (S. Kenway, P. Lant, of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of survey of IE research funding has been R. Crawford, P. Daniels, H. Schandl, Sciences. Geng received 1.4 million RMB undertaken; so a few examples of larger, D. Webb, and J. Boland) come from six (2014–2017) from the Natural Science notable projects are highlighted below: other Australian universities and research Foundation of China (National Research institutions. Grant for Distinguished Young Scien- australia tists) for the project: Resource E∞ciency A consortium of four universities and austria industry partners is conducting a project Karl-Heinz Erb, at the Institute of Social and Environmental Management Poli- on Integrated Carbon Metrics, in which Ecology in Vienna, is leading an integrated cy Research. In an earlier project: The a multi-scale life cycle approach is being socioecological study of land use intensity. Evolution, Evaluation and Optimiza- used for assessing, mapping and tracking The project (LUISE) applies industrial tion Pathway for Industrial Ecosystems carbon outcomes for the Built Environ- ecology concepts such as the analysis of (2011–2014) he received 1.5 million RMB from the Natural Science Foundation of ment. The project leader is Tommy Wied- biophysical resource fows to land use sci- China (National Key Research Grant). mann at the University of New South ence. It aims to deepen our understanding Wales, with collaborators at University of of changes in land use intensity in terms Jiansu Mao, Professor of Industrial Ecol- Melbourne, University of South Australia, of social, economic and ecological precon- ogy at Beijing Normal University, has and CSIRO. Industry partners include: ditions and implications. The project is participated in several large collaborative AECOM, Aurecon, Bluescope Steel, and funded by the European Research Council projects in China. One from 2005 to 2010 Sydney Water. Funding of $1.6 million for with a grant of approximately €1 million. was concerned with characterizing the this four year project (2014–2018) comes ecology and evolutionary mechanisms china from the Cooperative Research Centre for of urban life ($4 million project led by The Chinese Government is investing Low Carbon Living. Guo-he HUANG, funded by the Ministry heavily in IE research. One example of of Environmental Protection and Minis- Another exciting project is the develop- this is the establishment of the “State try of Education). A second project from ment of the Industrial Ecology Virtual Environmental Protection Key Laboratory 2012 to 2014, with Linyu Xu, was part Laboratory (IE Lab). This new electron- of Eco-industry” which is supported by of the National Key Technology R&D ic research platform helps researchers the Ministry of Environment Protection Program on eco-urban planning and address the complex environmental and to promote the development of Indus- ecological construction, which received economic interactions in contemporary trial Ecology in China. The laboratory $1.5 million from the Ministry of Science Australia. Based on environmentally was jointly established by Northeastern and Technology. extended multi-region input-output University, Tsinghua University and the (MRIO) analysis the virtual laboratory Chinese Research Academy of Environ- korea enhances analytical capabilities in envi- mental Sciences, and now employs more The Ministry of Trade, Industry and ronmental life cycle assessment (LCA), than 30 full-time researchers, including Energy in Korea has invested in several environmental footprinting and other three members of the Chinese Academy of research projects relating to eco-industrial quantitative approaches to environmen- Engineering Prof. Yi Qian, Prof. Yong Jin development. Hung-Suck Park, Professor tal and sustainability impact assessment. and Prof. Zhongwu Lu. Since its establish- in the Department of Civil and Environ- Funding of AU $1.1 million for the IE Lab ment in 2002, the Laboratory has led more mental Engineering at the University of comes from the Australian Government’s than $30 million projects including hun- Ulsan is the General Director for the East NeCTAR scheme (2013–2014). Phase 1 dreds of eco-industrial parks and circular South Region National Eco-Industrial of the lab development is led by Manfred economy planning projects.

23 Park Initiative. From 2005 to 2014, the Each of these projects has had a budget u.s.a. Initiative received a Fostering Energy and of several million euros with the CML-IE From 1998 to 2005, the frst National Resource Circulation Foundation Grant contribution varying from 100 to 800 k€. Science Foundation Integrative Graduate of 27 Billion KW. A further grant of 2.2 Altogether, the money from EU grants Education Research and Training grant billion KW was awarded for a project: going to CML-IE over the last 15 years on Industrial Ecology entitled “Environ- Building Green Construction Business has been about 5 to 10 million euro. It also mental Manufacturing Management,” was Ecosystem using By-product Sulfur (Re- received two substantial grants from the initiated at Clarkson University (Potsdam, gional Innovation System Research Grant, Dutch Science Foundation on biofuels, as NY) and later expanded to include the 2011–2013) part of a larger consortium, where CML- University of Illinois at Chicago. The PI IE brings in the sustainability analysis. was Thomas L. Theis, with funding of mexico $1.95 million. Graciela Carrillo of the Universidad norway Autónoma Metropolitana, and Gemma The Norwegian University of Science Among the projects currently funded Cervantes from Instituto Politécnico Na- and Technology (NTNU) has a large by NSF involving collaborations among cional conducted an IE project in the Tam- and long-standing research program in research teams from multiple disciplines, pico Industrial Area of Mexico from 2010 Industrial Ecology, initially set up with Faye Duchin, Professor of Economics to 2013. The project goals were to under- funding from Norsche Hydro and other at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is stand the reasons for successful industrial Norwegian industry. From 1998 to 2005, a Principal Investigator on two. One symbiosis in the area; and seek to improve it received a large collaborative grant of is “A Regional Earth System Model of upon it. Funding of approximately US$1.5 about NOK 22 million for Industrial Ecol- the Northeast Corridor: Analyzing 21st million was provide by the Science and ogy from the Research Council of Norway Century Climate and Environment,” Technology Council of Mexico. (Lead: Helge Brattebø). One example of where the analysis focuses on scenarios its current research projects is a four year including increased energy self-su∞cien- netherlands cy for that 13-state region of the U.S. For The Institute of Environmental Sciences, research project lead by Anders Hammer the other, “Impacts of Global Change Universiteit Leiden (CML-IE), has par- Strømman aiming to assess the environ- Scenarios on Ecosystem Services from ticipated in numerous large EU projects, mental performance of carbon capture and the World’s Rivers,” her team is evaluat- such as: utilization technologies. Working in col- laboration with the Copernicus Institute at ing the global loss of dietary fsh in terms • LC(S)A networking projects (at least 3) Utrecht University and Tel-Tek in Pors- of the cost of their replacement by other • LCA case study projects (maybe as many grunn, the project is funded by Gassnova sources of animal protein. as 10) and other industrial partners. A further $1.86 million NSF funded • EXIOBASE and CREEA: IOA method- switzerland project “Biocomplexity in the bioecono- ology development and data collection ETH Zurich has a joint project with my” is studying the natural and indus- projects Chalmers University (Sweden) and two trial ecology of biobased products. The consultancies (Aveny GmbH and GEO project lead is Robert Anex, University of • Indicator development projects, such as partner AG) on the life cycle management Wisconsin Madison; with: Susie Green- DESIRE and EmInInn of wood resources in Switzerland. Lead by halgh, World Resources Institute; Lee • Climate and resource policy oriented Stephanie Hellweg, the project received Lynd, Dartmouth College; Cynthia Hin- projects, such as Resource E∞cient Eu- over $1 million from the Swiss National richs, Pennsylvania State University; and rope, CarbonCap, CECILIA and C2CA Science Foundation and is supporting three Thomas L. Richard, Pennsylvania State • Impacts of biofuels projects: Dutch Ph.D. students and several PostDocs. University. Industry partners are DuPont Science Foundation BBASIC and Biobased Materials and the U.S. National Biosolar cells. Renewable Energy Laboratory.

24 RISING TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES

in society to deliver services. They have developed approaches to metal demand and supply analysis which are now being used by large businesses for strategic decision making, especially in the alumi- num industry. With respect to global climate change, numerous members of the IE communi- ty led or contributed to chapters of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report released in 2014. These include chapters on Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use Change (Haberl), Energy (Her- twich, Gibon), Settlements (Müller), the Bioenergy appendix of the Land Use chapter (Strømman, Cherubini, Bright), Industrial Ecology is at the forefront of Economic Growth was led by former the Technical Summary (Hertwich) and e≠orts to address global environmental ISIE President Marina Fischer-Kowalski. Methodology annex (Müller, Hertwich, challenges. While much of the identi- The report describes how technological Haberl). There were many more IPCC fcation and explanation of issues such and systematic innovation, combined authors among the IE community, such as climate change, biodiversity loss and with rapid urbanization, o≠er an historic as Julian Allwood, Geng Yong, Jan Minx, disruption of nutrient cycles is con- opportunity to turn decoupling from the- John Barret, Sangwon Suh. ducted in the natural sciences, IE plays ory into reality on the ground. It became the role of linking these environmental the most viewed UNEP report with more stresses to human driving factors. It than 250,000 downloads. While much of the provides understanding of complex Research on the use, recycling, and identification and interactions and points the way to more stocks of metals in society is import- sustainable ways forward. ant for long-term management of such explanation of issues The work of several industrial ecologists often scarce resources. Tom Graedel, such as climate change, on UNEP’s International Resource Panel the founding President of ISIE, led the biodiversity loss and demonstrates how IE is rising to address UNEP International Resource Panel disruption of nutrient global environmental and economic chal- work in this area. Important under- lenges. Eight members of the Panel are standing of the potential for reusing, cycles is conducted in the ISIE members – authoring key reports remanufacturing and recycling metals natural sciences, IE plays on topics such as resource decoupling, has been provided by Julian Allwood and the role of linking these metals, biofuels, global land use change, colleagues at Cambridge University while and environmental impacts of production Daniel Müller and colleagues at NTNU environmental stresses to and consumption. The frst of the Panel’s have contributed substantially to the human driving factors. reports on Decoupling Natural Resource understanding of metal stocks present Use and Environmental Impacts from

25 The translation of IE principles into of Industrial Ecology, Suren Erkman, cre- activities in three countries – Germany, business is one of the most important ated the company SOFIES (Solutions for China and Mexico – provide further outputs of the feld. An excellent example Industrial Ecosystems) with three former evidence of rapid upswing in IE. The is the UK’s National Industrial Symbio- students. Since opening in 2008, it now frst Professor of Industrial Ecology at sis program which managed to divert 47 has more than twenty collaborators, a German university, Susanne Hartard, million tonnes of industrial waste from with o∞ces in Geneva, Zurich, Paris and was inaugurated in 2009 at the Envi- landfll, while generating £1 billion in Bangalore. SOFIES is one of the frst of ronmental Campus Birkenfeld. Subse- new sales and reducing GHG emissions a growing number of IE consulting and quently, a Masters Program in Interna- by 42 million tons (NISP, 2014). The services company working globally. An- tional Material Flow Management has program cut business costs by £1 billion other example is a company founded by been established, as well as six courses through reducing disposal, storage, Australian industrial ecologist Biji Kurup in IE, including IE and LCA, principles transport and purchasing costs; it reused which recently opened o∞ces in India. of sustainable business, environmental 1.8 million tonnes of hazardous waste; Work in Industrial Ecology is on the business economics, and eco-industrial and created or safeguarded over 10,000 increase in many parts of the world. A networks. Students also have the op- jobs, while saving 60 million tons of rich variety of activities are being under- tion of traveling internationally taking a virgin material and 73 million tons of in- taken, as is evident from the overview of dual degree with the Japan Asian Pacifc dustrial water (International Synergies). research funding above. Highlights of University. In Switzerland, one of the early pioneers

26 In the past few years three programs IE book in Spanish: “Ecologìa Industrial in IE have started in China – at Shan- en México” was published in 2013. The dong University, Northeast University The work of several Mexican government has also started to and Beijing University of Science and industrial ecologists on develop policies based on principle of IE, Technology. The Chinese Ministry of UNEP’s International the frst on industrial symbiosis (2013). Education has also approved a new Applied research projects are being con- Bachelor degree in “Resource Recycling Resource Panel ducted in several industrial areas includ- Science and Engineering” which has demonstrates how IE is ing Tampico and Leon. opened at Tsinghua University, Nankai rising to address global University and China East University of environmental and Science and Technology among others. The IE program at Shandong University economic challenges. is a four–year bachelors program; it is now headed by Ronald Wennersten, the former head of the Department of In- at Shandong Jiaotong University. IE dustrial Ecology at KTH (Royal Institute researchers at Shandong University are of Technology) in Sweden. also developing a new applied energy laboratory to study sustainable energy IE research activities are also growing solutions for apartments, houses and in China. In 2000, Tsinghua Universi- o∞ce buildings. The aim is to promote ty established the Center of Industrial an energy transition towards a cleaner Ecology, the frst institute of industrial energy mix, including various distributed ecology in China, and took the leading energy sources and energy carriers, as role in eco-industrial park projects, well as towards more resilient and sus- circular economy planning projects tainable energy systems. and formulation of the China Circular Economy Promotion Law. In December There is similarly a growing wave of 2011, Northeastern University of China activity in Industrial Ecology in Mexico. established the “Institute of Industrial In August 2010, the Mexican Industri- Ecology”, which is under the leadership al Ecology Network was created with of the “State Environmental Protection members from industry and academia Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry”. Mean- in six states. Co-ordinated by Gemma while at Shandong University, there is Cerventes, the network convened several a strong focus on applying IE to urban course in 2011–2012; and a frst Mexican development. Current research projects “Diplomate” in IE in 2013. Since 2007, IE include: development of a low carbon courses have been introduced in fve uni- eco-city in the Jiangbei Area in Nanjing; versities: Instituto Politécnico Naciona, a resource-environment oriented study Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, on urban renovation for the inner city of Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province; and a study Universidad de Guanajuato, and Uni- on the development of a green campus versidad Tecnológica de León. The frst

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29 30 APPENDIX

ten-year members of the international society for industrial ecology (as of 2013)

Frederick W. Allen, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency John Ehrenfeld Braden Allenby, Arizona State University Mats Eklund, Linkoping University Julian Allwood, University of Cambridge William Ellis, Northeast Utilities Clinton J. Andrews, Rutgers University Suren Erkman, Institute for Communication & Analysis of  Science & Technology Robert Anex, University of Wisconsin Madison James Fava, Five Winds International Midori Aoyagi-Usui, National Institute Environmental Studies Paulo Ferrao, Instituto Superior Tecnico Weslynne Ashton, Illinois Institute of Technology Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Alpen Adria University Jesse Ausubel, The Rockefeller University Colin Francis, The Petroleum Institute Xuemei Bai, Australian National University Fausto Freire, University of Coimbra John Barrett, University of York Uwe Fritsche, International Institute for Sustainability Analysis Diana Bauer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Strategy Joule Bergerson, University of Calgary Robert Frosch, Harvard University Claudia Binder, University of Zurich Tsuyoshi Fujita, National Institute Environmental Studies Rolf Andre Bohne, NTNU Norwegian University of  Sergio Galeano, Georgia Pacific Science & Technology Theo Geerken, VITO Helge Brattebø, NTNU Norwegian University of  Science & Technology Roland Geyer, University of California–Santa Barbara J. Alan Brewster, Yale University Stefan Goessling-Reisemann, University of Bremen Stefan Bringezu, Wuppertal Institute Edward Gordon, Yale University Michael Brown, Brown & Wilmanns Environmental LLC Nancy Gordon Armando Caldeira-pires, University of Brasilia Naohiro Goto, Toyohashi University of Technology Tracy Casavant, Eco-Industrial Solutions Ltd. Thomas Graedel, Yale University Marian Chertow, Yale University Timothy Gutowski, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Anthony Shun Fung Chiu, De La Salle University Keisuke Hanaki, University of Tokyo Roland Clift, University of Surrey Ermelinda Harper, Yale University Dwight Collins, Colbridge And Company Seiji Hashimoto, Ritsumeikan University Timothy Considine, University of Wyoming Michael Hauschild, Technical University of Denmark John Crittenden, Georgia Institute of Technology Chris Hendrickson, Carnegie Mellon University Benoit Cushman Roisin, Dartmouth College John E. Hermansen, NTNU Norwegian University of  Science and Technology Luiz Fernando Cybis, Instituto De Pesquisas Hidraulicas Allen Hershkowitz, Natural Resources Defense Council Mak Dehejia, Alliance for Sustainable Industry & Energy, LLC Edgar Hertwich, NTNU Norwegian University of  Gerard Dijkema, Technische Universiteit Delft Science and Technology Faye Duchin, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst Anne Hewes, Ecomaine Patrick Eagan, University Of Wisconsin–Madison Masahiko Hirao, University of Tokyo James Eflin,Ball State University

31 John Holmberg, Chalmers University of Technology Martin Patel Utrecht University Gjalt Huppes, University of Leiden Jim Petrie The University of Sydney Jacqueline Isaacs, Northeastern University Robert Pfahl International Electronics Manufacturing  Initiative D. Jacobs Rochester, Institute of Technology Helmut Rechberger Ravi Jain, University of The Pacific Vienna University of Technology Jeremiah Johnson, University of Michigan Barbara Reck Yale University Somporn Kamolsiripichaiporn, Chulalongkorn University Matthias Ruth Northeastern University Barbara Karn, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Olli Salmi Eero Paloheimo Ecocity Ltd Christopher Kennedy, University of Toronto Heinz Schandl CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Gregory Keoleian, University of Michigan Liselotte Schebek Institut IWAR Rene Kleijn, Leiden University Mario Schmidt Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences Dinah Koehler, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Steven Skerlos University of Michigan Yasushi Kondo, Waseda University Robert Socolow Princeton University Fridolin Krausmann, Institute for Social Ecology Sabrina Spatari Drexel University John Paul Kusz, Illinois Institute of Technology Sigurd Storen NTNU Norwegian University of  Science & Technology Peter Laybourn, National Industrial Symbiosis Programme Guenter Strassert Pascal Lesage, Polytechnique Montreal Sangwon Suh University of California Santa Barbara Stephen Levine, Tufts University Niclas Svensson Linkoping University Reid Lifset, Yale University Thomas Swarr Sustainability by Design LLC Peter Lowitt, Devens Enterprise Commission Hiroki Tanikawa Nagoya University Patrick Mahoney Energy Answers LLC Tomohiro Tasaki National Institute for Environmental Studies Eric Masanet Lawrence Berkeley Labs Thomas Theis University of Illinois–Chicago Tohru Matsumoto Kitakyushu University Valerie Thomas Georgia Institute of Technology Deanna Matthews Carnegie–Mellon University Eino Timola Aalto University Sarah McLaren Massey University Gemma Cervantes Torre-Marin Instituto Politecnico Nacional IPN Ottar Michelsen NTNU Norwegian University of  Science & Technology Marleen Troy Wilkes University Andreas Moeller Leuphana University of Lueneburg Arnold Tukker TNO Built Environment & Geosciences Henri Moll University of Groningen Rene Van Berkel United Nations Industrial Development Organization Samuel Moore Hohenstein Institute America, Inc. Ester Van Der Voet Leiden University Yuichi Moriguchi National Institute for Environmental Studies Bruce Vigon Society of Environmental Toxicology &  Daniel Mueller NTNU Norwegian University of Science & Chemistry (SETAC) Technology Arnim Von Gleich Universitat Bremen Shinsuke Murakami University of Tokyo Bo Weidema EMPA Shinichiro Nakamura Waseda University Helga Weisz Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research Igor Nikolic Technische Universiteit Delft Hiroshi Yagita LCA Center AIST Michael Overcash North Carolina State University

32 33 International Society for Industrial Ecology Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies 195 Prospect Street New Haven, Connecticut 06511

http://www.is4ie.org