SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL

Phylogenomic Analysis of Concatenated Ultraconserved Elements Reveals the Recent Evolutionary Radiation of the Fairy (Teleostei: Labridae: )

Yi-Kai Tea | Xin Xu | Joseph D. DiBattista | Nathan Lo | Peter F. Cowman | Simon Y. W. Ho Expanded Materials and Methods

Taxon Sampling

The genus Cirrhilabrus contains 61 valid species (Supplementary Table S2; see footnote for comments on the taxonomic status of C. solorensis). We sampled 39 species (64% taxon coverage) for target capture of UCEs. For 28 of these species, along with 10 additional species not included in our UCE sampling, we obtained nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial COI from GenBank or the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). In combination, the UCE and mitochondrial data provided 80% taxon coverage across the genus Cirrhilabrus. We include one undescribed species in our analyses as an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) but not as a valid species: C. sp. “red head”. The contentious regarding C. solorensis is briefly detailed in ESM Table S2. We also include representatives of the widespread C. exquisitus from the Coral Sea, Great Barrier Reef, East Timor, and Maldives, in addition to the nominal species from Kenya. These OTUs have been widely considered as putative species but their taxonomy has not been formally assessed (Kuiter 2010). We included the following pseudocheiline wrasses as outgroup taxa, following the relationships proposed by Westneat (1993): Paracheilinus (P. attenuatus and P. hemitaeniatus); Pseudocheilinus (Ps. hexataenia, Ps. tetrataenia, Ps. octotaenia, Ps. ocellatus, and Ps. evanidus); Pseudocheilinops ataenia; and Pteragogus (Pt. cryptus and Pt. amboinensis). We also include the enigmatic and monotypic Conniella (Co. apterygia) for complete representation of the pseudocheilines. The genus is unusual among labrids (and most other percoid fishes) in lacking pelvic fins and their skeletal supporting structures (Allen, 1983), and its phylogenetic relationships have not been previously investigated. Except for Pseudocheilinops and Conniella, taxon coverage for other outgroup genera were underrepresented, and as such their intergeneric relationships were not examined in this study. Morphological characters and diagnoses of species complexes follow those from the primary literature, in particular the following studies: Klausewitz (1976); Tea et al. (2016); Victor (2016); Walsh et al. (2017); Tea and Gill (2017); Tea et al. (2018a; 2018b; 2019; 2020). Distributional data were taken from primary species descriptions, range extension reports, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2020), and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF 2020).

Sample Preparation and DNA Sequencing

Tissue samples were obtained from fin, muscle, or gill filaments, preserved in 80–100% ethanol, and stored at −20 °C prior to extraction. We retained a voucher specimen for each sample, except where this was prevented by logistical difficulties and sampling techniques. Complete lists of tissues, sampling locations, and museum voucher information are presented in Supplementary Tables S2–S5. We extracted DNA using a DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Qiagen, Hildren, Germany), following the manufacturer’s protocol. DNA quality was assessed using a Nanodrop spectrophotometer, with 260/280 ratios ranging from 1.8 to 2.1, and 260/230 ratios ranging from 1.4 to 3.2. We measured the initial concentration of each DNA sample with a Qubit 2.0 fluorometer prior to library preparation.

1 Library preparation, enrichment, and sequencing were performed by Arbor Biosciences (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA) following methods described by Quattrini et al. (2018). A total of 600 ng DNA (10 ng/µL) was sheared using sonication protocols following the Kapa HyperPrep (Kapa Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany) to a target size ranging from 400 to 800 bp. DNA fragments were ligated with universal Y-yoke oligonucleotide adapters and custom iTru dual-indexed primers following Glenn et al. (2019). The Arbor Biosciences MyBaits v.IV protocol was used for target enrichment, with the modification of doubling the concentration of Block #3. Probe sets used were described by Alfaro et al. (2018). Target enrichment was performed on pools of up to 12 samples. Following target- capture enrichment, target-enriched libraries were sequenced on one lane of Illumina HiSeq 2500 (100 bp PE reads).

Phylogenomic Data Sets

De-multiplexed Illumina reads were processed using PHYLUCE (Faircloth 2016). We removed adapter contamination and low-quality bases using Illumiprocessor (Faircloth et al. 2012), a parallel wrapper for Trimmomatic (Bolger et al. 2014). Trimmed data were assembled with the wrapper script for ABySS (Simpson et al. 2009) implemented in PHYLUCE. Assembled contigs were enriched for UCE loci with custom probes using the LASTZ assembler (Harris 2007). We extracted UCE loci from assembled contigs into FASTA files and aligned them using MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013). We removed poorly aligned or highly divergent sites in the alignments using Gblocks (Castresana 2000) with default parameters, which imposes a stringent criterion for the selection of blocks that is more appropriate for longer alignments. For each UCE locus, we used PhyloMAd (Duchêne et al. 2018) to test for base compositional stationarity using the chi-squared statistic, and evaluated substitution saturation using an entropy metric, consistency index, and compression statistic (Duchêne et al. submitted). We then generated a UCE occupancy matrix to check for coverage across taxa (Supplementary Table S3) and removed two ingroup taxa, C. aurantidorsalis and C. randalli, which had fewer than 200 captured UCE loci. To investigate the potential impacts of missing data, we assembled two UCE supermatrices based on loci that were represented in at least 75% of all sampled taxa, as well as a more conservative threshold of 95%. The 75%-occupancy matrix consists of 991 UCE loci (330,550 bp) and the 95%-occupancy matrix consists of 47 UCE loci (14,920 bp) from 45 ingroup taxa and 11 outgroup taxa (including OTUs). The total number of reads obtained from Illumina sequencing ranged from 176 to 3,993,185 reads per sample (Supplementary Table S4). Following the removal of C. aurantidorsalis (<1000 [176] reads) and after quality filtering and adapter trimming, we retained a total of 43.2 million reads, with a mean number of 757,774 (±665,323 standard deviation) reads per sample from 56 focal taxa (including OTUs and outgroups). Trimmed reads were assembled into a mean of 61,760 (±132,088 standard deviation) contigs per sample (min. = 2091, max. = 792,809). A total of 1243 UCE loci were recovered from the assembled contigs. Following the removal of C. randalli due to low UCE recovery (151 loci), the mean number of UCE loci per sample was 989 (±161 standard deviation). We detected no risk of compositional heterogeneity or model saturation in our tests of model adequacy in PhyloMAd (detailed results are available in the Dryad data repository).

Phylogenomic Analysis of Concatenated Sequences

Although our UCE data set includes 64% taxon coverage for all species of Cirrhilabrus, it did not include species representation for all species complexes. In order to improve taxon coverage, we assembled data sets based on concatenated sequences of the 75%-occupancy UCE matrix and mitochondrial COI. The latter includes

2 sequence data for additional key species for which UCE data were unavailable (Supplementary Table S2). Details of the COI sequence data are provided in the Supplementary Material. The concatenated sequence alignment had a length of 331,202 bp and included 80% of all valid Cirrhilabrus species. To evaluate the effects of missing data, we analysed four concatenated data sets: 75%-occupancy UCE + COI matrix; 75%-occupancy UCE matrix; 95%- occupancy UCE matrix; and the most variable 20% of the UCE loci (variable-loci UCE matrix). The most variable UCE loci were identified by computing the number of variable sites using the R package ape (Paradis and Schliep 2019). We analysed all data sets using maximum likelihood in IQ-TREE v1.6.12 (Nguyen et al. 2015). Branch support was assessed using ultrafast bootstrapping (UFBS) approximation with 1000 replicates (Hoang et al. 2017) and the Shimodaira-Hasegawa- like approximate likelihood-ratio test (SH-aLRT; Guindon et al. 2010) with 1000 replicates. The data-partitioning scheme and substitution models were selected using the Bayesian information criterion implemented in ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017). Additional maximum-likelihood analyses of COI sequences for selected species of Cirrhilabrus are described in the Supplementary Material (Supplementary Table S5). We also performed Bayesian inference on the all the aforementioned data sets using ExaBayes (Aberer et al. 2014). The analysis was performed using the GTR+G substitution model, a uniform prior on the tree topology, and an exponential prior on branch lengths. The posterior distribution was estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. Samples were drawn every 5000 steps for a total of 2´108 steps. Convergence between two independent runs was assessed using the program Tracer v1.7.1 (Rambaut et al. 2018).

Phylogenomic Analysis with the Summary Coalescent

To account for gene-tree incongruence among loci, we analyzed the UCE data set using the summary-coalescent method in ASTRAL-III (Zhang et al. 2018). This approach assumes that the UCE loci are unlinked, with each having its own gene tree that is embedded in the underlying species tree. Individual gene trees for all UCEs were inferred using maximum likelihood in IQ-TREE, with branch support assessed using UFBS. To explore the effectiveness of applying a summary-coalescent approach to our UCE data set, we inferred the species tree under a range of conditions. First, we performed an ASTRAL analysis of all 991 UCE gene trees inferred from the 75%-occupancy matrix. We then repeated the analysis after contracting poorly supported branches in the gene trees, which can improve inference of the species tree (Zhang et al. 2017). Branches with less than 10%, 20%, and 30% bootstrap support were contracted using Newick Utilities (Junier and Zdobnov 2010). We then performed an ASTRAL analysis on a combined data set that comprised gene trees for all 991 UCEs and for mitochondrial COI. The COI gene tree was inferred using IQ-TREE as described above. Finally, we performed an ASTRAL analysis using the variable-loci UCE matrix with the largest numbers of variable sites (described above).

Topological Concordance and Gene Genealogy Interrogation

We performed a series of sensitivity analyses to further investigate the phylogenetic signals in UCE loci. We calculated the number of parsimony- informative sites for each UCE locus using IQ-TREE (Nguyen et al. 2015), and plotted their values in a histogram using R Studio. Pairwise differences between all trees inferred using summary-coalescent and concatenation-based methods were calculated using a normalized Robinson-Foulds distance metric using the R package Phangorn (Schliep 2011). Bootstrap support values were averaged across each UCE gene tree, and these values were plotted in a histogram using R Studio.

3 We used the program PhyParts (Smith et al. 2015) to investigate the degree of topological discordance between gene trees and the species tree inferred using a concatenation approach. We compared discordance across nodes of the concatenation-based species tree with gene trees from the 75%-occupancy UCE matrix. The number of gene trees in concordance or conflict with the concatenation-based species tree are presented for each node. Finally, to investigate whether the topological conflicts between coalescent and concatenation-based analyses were primarily driven by estimation error in gene trees or incomplete lineage sorting, we performed a gene genealogy interrogation (GGI) following methods described by Arcila et al. (2017). We focused on the five species complexes that were most problematic in all of our summary-coalescent analyses: the rubriventralis, filamentosus, cyanopleura, punctatus, and temminckii complexes. We examined all 15 possible unrooted topologies for these lineages (denoted as hypotheses H0–H14; see Dryad repository for tree files). Topological constraints enforcing these 15 hypotheses resulted in 915 UCE gene trees (76 were dropped due to missing data). We conducted a total of 13,725 constrained ML searches (15 topologies for each of the 915 UCE gene trees). In each optimization, we constrained each of the five species complexes to be monophyletic but imposed no other constraints on relationships. Topology tests for each UCE gene tree were conducted by comparing the site likelihood scores of all 15 trees via the approximately unbiased (AU) test (Shimodaira, 2002) as implemented in CONSEL v0.1 (Shimodaira and Hasegawa, 2001). Site likelihood scores for each UCE gene tree were obtained using RAxML v8.2.12 (Stamatakis, 2014). Trees were ranked according to P-values and visualized using R plots.

Phylogenomic Dating Analyses

To infer the evolutionary timescale of the fairy wrasses, we used MCMCTree in the PAML package (Yang 2007) to perform a Bayesian dating analysis of the concatenated 75%-occupancy UCE + COI matrix. We assigned two independent GTR+G substitution models and independent-rates relaxed-clock models to the UCE loci and the COI sequences. For the mean substitution rate and the degree of rate drift, we specified Dirichlet-gamma priors of (1, 4.5, 1) and (1, 10, 1), respectively. Because our aim was to infer divergence times for closely related species, we chose not to employ deep fossil-based calibrations. We justify this for two reasons. First, available labrid fossils for calibration include species for several distantly related lineages outside of the pseudocheilines, for which no UCE data is currently available (summarized in Cowman & Bellwood, 2011; Bellwood et al. 2019). Second, this study concerns divergences only within the pseudocheilines, thus deep fossil calibrations could lead to overestimation of divergences, particularly if timing of divergences are shallow (see Ho et al. 2008). Instead, we employed secondary calibrations from a well resolved, time-calibrated labrid phylogeny (Cowman et al. 2009). This involved two node calibrations: crown age of the pseudocheilines (Pteragogus versus all other taxa, 25.7–49.8 Ma); and the divergence between Pseudocheilinus and Paracheilinus + Cirrhilabrus (10–34 Ma). These were implemented as uniform priors with soft bounds (Yang and Rannala 2006). Divergence times were estimated in MCMCTree using approximate likelihood calculation (dos Reis and Yang 2011). The analysis was done using the maximum-likelihood atree nd the majority-rule consensus tree from our Bayesian analysis. We performed two independent MCMCTree analyses for a total of 2´107 steps, sampling every 1000 steps, with 10% burn-in. Convergence between runs was assessed using Tracer.

4 Biogeographic Analyses

Ancestral biogeographic ranges were estimated for the time-calibrated phylogeny using the R package BioGeoBEARS (Matzke 2013). Biogeographic provinces were delineated following those described by Kulbicki et al. (2013), with modifications based on the contemporary distributions of Cirrhilabrus. In total, we considered nine marine regions: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean; eastern Indian Ocean; central-Indo Pacific; southern Japan (including the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Archipelagos); Melanesia (including eastern Australia); central Pacific Ocean; southeast Pacific Ocean; and Hawaii. All species were coded as present or absent across the nine marine provinces. A geographic-adjacency matrix was specified to account for species with distributions in multiple areas. We used the corrected Akaike information criterion to compare three biogeographic models: dispersal, extinction and cladogenesis model (DEC; Ree and Smith 2008); dispersal-vicariance model (DIVA-like; Ronquist 1997); and BayArea-like model (Landis et al. 2013). A J parameter can be added to these models to account for range dispersal of a descendent taxon outside its ancestral range without prior range extension (Matzke 2014). However, we chose not to include this parameter, given the recent concerns about its use (Ree and Sanmartín 2018).

Phylogenetic Analysis of Mitochondrial COI Sequences

To investigate the presence of mitochondrial haplotype sharing among selected species of Cirrhilabrus, we conducted maximum-likelihood analyses of COI sequences for selected Cirrhilabrus species in the C. cyanopleura and C. exquisitus complexes. In total, we include 12 OTUs of the C. cyanopleura complex (including Cirrhilabrus aff. ryukyuensis, which we excluded from the main study owing to lack of UCEs), and 14 OTUs of the C. exquisitus complex. Cirrhilabrus lubbocki was used as an outgroup for both data sets (following the phylogenetic relationships described in the main study). Sequences were obtained from GenBank (accession numbers in Supplementary Table S5), trimmed in Geneious Prime 2019.1.1 (BioMatters, Auckland), and aligned using the MUSCLE V3.8.31 algorithm (Edgar, 2004). The final sequence alignment consisted of 637 bp for the C. cyanopleura complex alignment, and 652 bp for the C. exquisitus complex alignment. We analysed the data set using maximum likelihood in RAxML v8.2.12 (Stamatakis, 2014). The best-fitting substitution model was GTR+G, selected using PartitionFinder2 (Lanfear et al. 2016). The analysis was performed using 10 random starts, to check for local optima. Bootstrapping was performed using 1000 pseudoreplicates of the data.

5 85.3/96 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 75.9/99 Cirrhilabrus lineatus 27.2/69 Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 99/100 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) 87.4/99 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 81.5/86 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis 97.5/100 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 89.7/98 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Species complexes Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 98.1/100 98.1/97 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 73.2/95 Cirrhilabrus claire (a) Cirrhilabrus rubeus (b) 87/96 0/79 (c) rubriventralis Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) Cirrhilabrus katoi 99.9/100 Cirrhilabrus naokoae 74.3/97 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus pylei Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 88.6/99 filamentosus 62.7/84 Cirrhilabrus scottorum 92/89 73.4/71 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 86.8/83 100/100 87/79 condei X Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 42.8/76 Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cirrhilabrus shutmani 68/84 87/97 Cirrhilabrus squirei 72.1/70 Cirrhilabrus jordani Cirrhilabrus greeni 93.6/100 cyanopleura 98.8/99 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Cirrhilabrus lunatus Conniella apterygia 100/100 73.5/92 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus brunneus Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis punctatus 88.6/93 98.9/100 73.8/29 86/78 Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 98.4/100 temminckii Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 73.3/83 Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 93.8/100 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 80.8/89 85.7/87 99.5/100 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 0/76 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 99.3/100 jordani Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 97.9/100 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis 85.5/98 95.3/95 Cirrhilabrus lineatus Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) lineatus Cirrhilabrus punctatus 0/68 99.8/100 87.2/100 87.2/96 Cirrhilabrus claire Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) Cirrhilabrus balteatus 76.5/88 exquisitus 78.3/88 99.8/100 Cirrhilabrus katoi Cirrhilabrus scottorum Cirrhilabrus temminckii 91.7/99 84.5/99 73.2/95 Cirrhilabrus lineatus Cirrhilabrus pylei Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus scottorum 76.2/79 100/100 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 86.1/95 Cirrhilabrus jordani 80.9/98 Cirrhilabrus greeni lunatus 99.9/100 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 78.2/84 Cirrhilabrus shutmani 97.2/96 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 99.1/99 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis 77.1/39 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis Cirrhilabrus claire 96.7/98 73.8/77 bathyphilus Cirrhilabrus katoi Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 93.1/90 92.5/98 Cirrhilabrus naokoae 14.4/71 Cirrhilabrus pylei 88.2/92 Conniella apterygia Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus lubbocki 81.6/88 100/100 100/100 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Cirrhilabrus roseafascia Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 96/76 78.7/48 86.8/95 incertae sedis 97.9/97 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 73.4/66 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Cirrhilabrus rubeus 83.0/55 Conniella apterygia 81.3/74 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 70.5/55 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 88.4/98 87.8/94 100/100 Cirrhilabrus jordani Cirrhilabrus greeni 75.9/48 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 75.6/57 70.7/79 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 0/45 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 35.9/70 Cirrhilabrus shutmani Cirrhilabrus joanallenae Cirrhilabrus balteatus

98.7/100 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 0/84 Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 43.3/92 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus 0/34 100/100 100/100 100/100 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 0/89 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis 82/99 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 100/100 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) Cirrhilabrus rubeus 97.2/100 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis 90.2/79 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 75.3/39 Cirrhilabrus naokoae Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” 100/100 67/93 0/26 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) Cirrhilabrus balteatus 0/18 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis 0.001 substitutions per site 0.002 substitutions per site 85.4/62 0.003 substitutions per site 48.4/18 100/100 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus temminckii Cirrhilabrus temminckii 100/100 100/100 56.4/46 40.7/47 Cirrhilabrus scottorum Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Cirrhilabrus punctatus 86.4/98 Cirrhilabrus laboutei Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus laboutei 78.3/75 23.6/71 0/44 Cirrhilabrus brunneus Cirrhilabrus punctatus 100/100 92.8/70 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 74.6/88 100/100 Cirrhilabrus squirei 0/82 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 74.3/59 Cirrhilabrus squirei 100/100 Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” 100/100 Cirrhilabrus isosceles 100/100 98.2/98 89.9/98 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 100/100 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 74.2/92 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 68.8/63 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 92.8/100 100/100 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis 100/100 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 100/100 Cirrhilabrus nahackyi Cirrhilabrus laboutei Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 100/100 Cirrhilabrus lubbocki 100/100 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih 100/100 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Cirrhilabrus lubbocki 100/100 Paracheilinus attenuatus 100/100 Paracheilinus attenuatus 100/100 Paracheilinus attenuatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus 100/100 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 0/45 Pseudocheilinus evanidus 85.9/94 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 19.2/68 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 76.1/90 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus 61.1/91 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 85.2/77 Pseudocheilinus evanidus 100/100 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 100/100 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus Pseudocheilinus ocellatus 100/100 52/68 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 54.8/85 Pseudocheilinus evanidus Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia

1 Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) 0.86 Cirrhilabrus lineatus 1 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis 1 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 1 1 1 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Cirrhilabrus rubeus Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 1 0.43 0.87 Cirrhilabrus claire Cirrhilabrus naokoae Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) (d) 1 (e) (f) Cirrhilabrus katoi 1 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 1 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus 0.76 Cirrhilabrus scottorum Cirrhilabrus pylei 1 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 0.87 0.99 0.95 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 0.54 Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 0.98 1 1 Cirrhilabrus squirei Cirrhilabrus shutmani Cirrhilabrus greeni 0.87 1 Cirrhilabrus jordani 1 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 1 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus 1 1 Conniella apterygia 1 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus brunneus Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 0.98 1 1 0.82 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 0.88 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 1 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 0.40 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 1 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis 1 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) Cirrhilabrus punctatus 1 Cirrhilabrus lineatus 1 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) Cirrhilabrus balteatus 1 Cirrhilabrus katoi 1 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) 1 Cirrhilabrus temminckii Cirrhilabrus pylei 0.28 Cirrhilabrus scottorum 1 Cirrhilabrus lineatus Cirrhilabrus claire 0.99 1 1 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 0.80 0.94 Cirrhilabrus jordani 1 0.97 Cirrhilabrus greeni Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 0.74 Cirrhilabrus shutmani 1 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 1 Cirrhilabrus claire Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis 1 0.73 0.64 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis 1 Cirrhilabrus katoi Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 1 Cirrhilabrus naokoae Cirrhilabrus pylei Conniella apterygia 1 0.99 Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 1 1 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 1 0.61 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 1 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 0.68 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 0.82 0.70 Cirrhilabrus rubeus 1 Conniella apterygia 0.87 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 0.31 1 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Cirrhilabrus jordani 1 Cirrhilabrus greeni 1 1 0.21 0.68 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus Cirrhilabrus roseafascia Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 0.12 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Cirrhilabrus shutmani Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 0.16 0.87 0.17 Cirrhilabrus balteatus 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 1 1 1 Cirrhilabrus punctatus Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 0.52 Cirrhilabrus rubeus 0.22 0.47 0.93 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis 0.47 0.39 0.96 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 0.40 1 1 Cirrhilabrus naokoae 0.88 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) Cirrhilabrus balteatus 0.001 substitutions per site 0.001 substitutions per site 0.45 0.003 substitutions per site 1 Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” 1 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus temminckii 1 1 0.74 Cirrhilabrus temminckii Cirrhilabrus scottorum Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus 1 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus laboutei 0.36 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis 1 0.67 Cirrhilabrus laboutei 1 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 0.77 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 1 0.98 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 1 Cirrhilabrus squirei Cirrhilabrus punctatus 0.78 Cirrhilabrus squirei 1 1 Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” 1 1 1 Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cirrhilabrus lunatus 1 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 0.78 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 1 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 0.79 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis 1 1 1 Cirrhilabrus nahackyi Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Cirrhilabrus laboutei Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 1 Cirrhilabrus lubbocki 1 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih 1 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Cirrhilabrus lubbocki 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus 1 Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 0.84 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 0.97 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 1 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 0.23 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 0.54 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 1 Pseudocheilinus evanidus 0.77 Pseudocheilinus evanidus 1 1 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus Pseudocheilinus ocellatus 1 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia 0.89 Pseudocheilinus evanidus Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia

Figure S1. (a) Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set of 991 UCEs (75%-occupancy matrix). (b) Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set of 47 UCEs (95%-occupancy matrix). (c) Maximum likelihood-tree inferred from the segregated data set. Values at nodes correspond to SH-aLRT and UFBS support. (d) Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set of 991 UCEs (75%-occupancy matrix). (e) Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set of 47 UCEs (95%-occupancy matrix). (f) Bayesian tree inferred from the segregated data set. Values at nodes correspond to posterior probabilities.

6 (a) (b) (c) 0.75 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis 0.94 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 0.95 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus Species complexes 0.55 Cirrhilabrus balteatus 0.92 Cirrhilabrus greeni 1 Cirrhilabrus greeni 0.9 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 0.72 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 0.77 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis rubriventralis 0.87 Cirrhilabrus naokoae 0.85 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 0.84 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 0.44 0.99 0.47 0.97 0.66 0.57 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis filamentosus Cirrhilabrus greeni 0.86 Cirrhilabrus naokoae 0.83 Cirrhilabrus naokoae 0.94 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Cirrhilabrus balteatus Cirrhilabrus balteatus 0.76 0.74 0.99 condei X 0.4 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 0.93 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus 0.51 0.61 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura cyanopleura Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 0.65 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 0.6 Cirrhilabrus rubeus Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 1 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis punctatus 0.48 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 0.52 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis 1 0.99 Cirrhilabrus sp. “redhead” 0.75 Cirrhilabrus punctatus 0.88 Cirrhilabrus punctatus Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus temminckii 0.54 1 0.28 0.71 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus temminckii 0.49 Cirrhilabrus rubeus 1 Cirrhilabrus temminckii 1 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis Cirrhilabrus temminckii jordani 0.99 1 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis Cirrhilabrus sp. “redhead” 0.6 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 1 0.58 lineatus Cirrhilabrus sp. “redhead” 0.83 Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 0.82 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus Cirrhilabrus rubeus 0.52 Cirrhilabrus punctatus 1 0.55 0.62 0.81 exquisitus 0.64 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) scottorum 0.93 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) lunatus 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) 1 Cirrhilabrus scottorum 1 Cirrhilabrus scottorum 1 Cirrhilabrus scottorum 0.66 bathyphilus Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus 0.69 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus 0.76 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus laboutei Cirrhilabrus laboutei 1 Cirrhilabrus laboutei lubbocki 1 0.44 Cirrhilabrus shutmani 1 0.68 Cirrhilabrus shutmani 0.51 Cirrhilabrus shutmani 0.35 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 0.57 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 0.58 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 0.63 1 incertae sedis Cirrhilabrus jordani 0.62 1 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis 0.53 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis 1 1 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis 1 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 1 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 0.57 Conniella apterygia 0.65 Conniella apterygia 0.59 Conniella apterygia Cirrhilabrus jordani Cirrhilabrus jordani 1 Cirrhilabrus lineatus 0.55 Cirrhilabrus claire 1 Cirrhilabrus claire 1 1 1 0.61 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 1 0.75 Cirrhilabrus katoi Cirrhilabrus lineatus 0.4 coalescent units 0.55 Cirrhilabrus pylei 0.4 coalescent units Cirrhilabrus pylei 0.5 coalescent units 0.76 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 0.96 0.9 1 Cirrhilabrus katoi 0.98 Cirrhilabrus lineatus Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Cirrhilabrus claire Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 0.65 Cirrhilabrus katoi 0.71 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 0.81 Cirrhilabrus pylei 0.98 Cirrhilabrus squirei 0.99 Cirrhilabrus squirei 1 0.99 Cirrhilabrus squirei 1 1 0.99 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 1 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 1 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 1 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 1 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 1 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 1 Cirrhilabrus isosceles 1 Cirrhilabrus isosceles 1 Cirrhilabrus isosceles 1 1 1 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 1 1 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 1 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Cirrhilabrus nahackyi Cirrhilabrus nahackyi Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 1 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih 1 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih 1 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Cirrhilabrus lubbocki 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus 0.76 Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia 1 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 1 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 0.8 Pseudocheilinus evanidus 0.44 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 0.39 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 1 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus 0.39 Pseudocheilinus evanidus 0.38 Pseudocheilinus evanidus Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 1 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus 1 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus 0.99 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia

(d) (e) (f) 0.45 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 0.75 0.88 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 0.4 0.54 0.99 Cirrhilabrus greeni Cirrhilabrus greeni 0.44 Cirrhilabrus balteatus 0.82 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 0.91 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 0.88 0.47 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 0.86 0.91 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis Cirrhilabrus naokoae Cirrhilabrus naokoae 0.68 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 0.89 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae 0.43 0.73 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis 0.57 0.99 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis Cirrhilabrus greeni 0.86 0.59 Cirrhilabrus rubeus 0.79 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Cirrhilabrus naokoae Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 0.94 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 0.38 0.4 0.61 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 0.61 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura 0.45 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 0.81 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis Cirrhilabrus balteatus Cirrhilabrus balteatus 0.89 Cirrhilabrus punctatus 1 1 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis 0.89 0.41 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus 0.48 1 Cirrhilabrus sp. “redhead” Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis 0.79 0.49 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Cirrhilabrus rubeus Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus Cirrhilabrus temminckii 1 0.55 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis Cirrhilabrus rubeus 0.45 0.47 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis 1 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis Cirrhilabrus temminckii 0.52 Cirrhilabrus sp. “redhead” 1 0.53 Cirrhilabrus sp. “redhead” 0.89 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis 0.38 0.54 Cirrhilabrus punctatus 0.22 Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus 0.66 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cirrhilabrus temminckii 0.45 Cirrhilabrus punctatus 0.37 0.72 Cirrhilabrus shutmani 0.63 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 1 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis 0.47 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 0.45 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 0.65 0.93 0.73 Cirrhilabrus apterygia 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) Cirrhilabrus shutmani 0.77 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 0.58 1 1 0.57 Conniella apterygia Cirrhilabrus sanguineus Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) 0.78 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia Cirrhilabrus jordani 1 Cirrhilabrus scottorum 0.49 0.67 Cirrhilabrus jordani 0.45 Cirrhilabrus lineatus Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus claire Cirrhilabrus laboutei 1 0.43 0.61 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 1 Cirrhilabrus lineatus 1 0.43 1 0.48 Cirrhilabrus claire Cirrhilabrus shutmani 1 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 0.37 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia 0.51 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 0.89 Cirrhilabrus pylei 0.62 Cirrhilabrus jordani 0.55 1 1 0.71 Cirrhilabrus katoi cirrhilabrus_katoi Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Cirrhilabrus pylei 0.64 Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 0.88 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) Cirrhilabrus squirei 0.6 Conniella apterygia 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) 0.32 1 0.99 Cirrhilabrus lunatus Cirrhilabrus lineatus 0.86 0.93 1 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) 0.95 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 0.63 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 0.9 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 0.55 Cirrhilabrus pylei 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 0.96 Cirrhilabrus katoi 0.5 coalescent units 1 0.4 coalescent units 1 Cirrhilabrus scottorum Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) 0.4 coalescent units 0.7 Cirrhilabrus claire 1 0.5 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 0.75 0.98 Cirrhilabrus laboutei Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) 1 Cirrhilabrus squirei 1 Cirrhilabrus squirei 1 0.58 0.99 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 1 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) 1 1 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 0.96 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) 1 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 1 1 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 0.87 Cirrhilabrus scottorum Cirrhilabrus isosceles 0.43 1 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Cirrhilabrus isosceles 1 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus 1 1 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Cirrhilabrus nahackyi Cirrhilabrus laboutei 1 1 Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 1 Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih 1 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Cirrhilabrus lubbocki 1 Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus 1 Paracheilinus attenuatus Paracheilinus attenuatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus 0.75 Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia 0.55 Pseudocheilinus evanidus 0.79 1 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 0.37 Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Pseudocheilinus evanidus 0.39 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 1 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus 0.43 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 10.49 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 1 Pseudocheilinus evanidus Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 0.99 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus Pseudocheilinus ocellatus Pseudocheilinus hexataenia Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia

Figure S2. Trees inferred using a summary-coalescent approach in ASTRAL, based on various data sets: (a) 75%-occupancy UCE matrix (991 UCE loci); (b–d) 75%- occupancy UCE, with branches in the gene trees contracted if they had bootstrap support values lower than 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively; (e) most variable 20% of UCE loci based on number of variable sites; and (f) 75%-occupancy matrix + mitochondrial COI.

7 (a) 0/959 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis (b) 2/947 Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” 2/969 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis 3.6 (2.1–5.6) Ma 0/989 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Species complexes 0/978 0/986 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis rubriventralis Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura filamentosus 1/961 condei Cirrhilabrus punctatus cyanopleura 5.7 (3.5–8.5) Ma 1/962 Cirrhilabrus temminckii punctatus Cirrhilabrus balteatus temminckii jordani 0/976 Cirrhilabrus rubeus 5/928 lineatus 6.2 (3.7–9.1) Ma 0/595 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae exquisitus scottorum 0/722 3/923 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus laboutei 6.5 (3.9–9.7) Ma lunatus 3/931 Cirrhilabrus naokoae bathyphilus 3/930 Cirrhilabrus greeni lubbocki 7.4 (4.6–11.0) Ma 0/983 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus 9.1 (5.9–13.0) Ma 0/652 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis 3/904 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis 12.2 (8.2–16.3) Ma 3/890 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus 14.7 (9.9–19.2) Ma 0/324 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis 0/966 Conniella apterygia 42.1 (31.2–50.5) Ma 44.2 (33.4–51.4) Ma 2/938 0/942 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia Cirrhilabrus jordani Cirrhilabrus shutmani 0/978 0/661 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus 0/330 14/565 Cirrhilabrus lineatus (c) 1/983 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis 7/824 Cirrhilabrus claire 3.8 (2.3–5.4) Ma 9/428 Cirrhilabrus pylei Cirrhilabrus katoi 0/258 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Great Barrier Reef) 0/987 10/636 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Coral Sea) 6.1 (3.8–8.6) Ma 1/964 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (East Timor) 0/859 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Maldives) 1/706 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Kenya) 6.6 (4.0–9.3) Ma 2/807 Cirrhilabrus scottorum 4/806 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Cirrhilabrus laboutei 6.9 (4.2–9.8) Ma 0/833 Cirrhilabrus lunatus 0/948 Cirrhilabrus isosceles 8.0 (5.0–13.1) Ma 3/937 1/936 Cirrhilabrus squirei 2/730 Cirrhilabrus brunneus 10.0 (6.3–13.8) Ma 0/661 Cirrhilabrus nahackyi 14.0 (9.0–18.6) Ma Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus 16.8 (11.4–22.5) Ma 4/678 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih 41.6 (30.1–50.1) Ma Cirrhilabrus lubbocki 43.8 (32.2–51.5) Ma 10/772 Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Paracheilinus attenuatus 50 40 30 20 10 0 Time (million years ago) Figure S3. Concatenated maximum likelihood species tree (a), with summary of conflicting and concordant gene trees. For each branch, numbers before the slash indicate the number of gene trees concordant with the species tree at that node, and the number after the slash indicates the number of gene trees in conflict with that clade in the species tree. Gene trees were inferred using the UCE 75%-occupancy matrix. Time-calibrated phylogenies inferred using (a) Bayesian inference and (b) maximum likelihood. Nodes are labeled with mean posterior age estimates and 95% credibility intervals. The difference in topology for the C. condei complex had small effects on inferred node ages across the tree. 8 0.008 substitutions/site

Figure S4. Biogeographic distribution of the widespread and polymorphic Cirrhilabrus exquisitus. The type locality is Mozambique, Africa (dark blue). Colours on the map indicate provincial variation characterized by unique colouration in terminal phased males. Regions in black indicate known locality records for the occurrence of this species, but where photographs are absent. The circular tree inset is inferred from mitochondrial COI for a subset of species (see additional methods above). Node support values were collapsed for simplification (see Dryad repository for newick file). Photographs by K. Kohen and J. E. Randall. Table S1. Bayesian phylogenetic estimates of divergence events of the pseudocheiline wrasses, inferred using a combined 75%-occupancy UCE matrix + mitochondrial COI data set. Note that outgroup genera are underrepresented.

Age (Ma) Divergence event Mean 95% credibility interval Divergence of Pseudocheilinops from Pseudocheilinus + (Paracheilinus + Cirrhilabrus) 42.1 31.2–50.5 Divergence of Pseudocheilinus from (Paracheilinus + Cirrhilabrus) 14.7 9.9–19.2 Paracheilinus–Cirrhilabrus split 12.2 8.2–16.3 Divergence of Cirrhilabrus Lineage B from Lineages C–G 7.4 4.6–11.0 Divergence of Cirrhilabrus laboutei from Lineages D–G 6.5 3.9–9.7 Divergence of Cirrhilabrus Lineage D from Lineages E–G 6.2 3.7–9.1 Divergence of Cirrhilabrus Lineage E from Lineages F–G 5.7 3.5–8.5 Cirrhilabrus Lineage F–G split 3.6 2.1–5.6 Pseudocheiline crown 44.2 33.4–51.4 Pteragogus crown 9.2 4.2–14.8 Pseudocheilinus crown 10.6 6.8–14.3 Paracheilinus crown 4.6 1.6–10.9 Cirrhilabrus crown 9.1 5.9–13.0 Cirrhilabrus Lineage A crown 3.5 1.8–7.4 Cirrhilabrus Lineage B crown 4.0 2.1–6.5 Cirrhilabrus Lineage D crown 4.7 3.0–7.8 Cirrhilabrus Lineage E crown 4.5 2.6–6.8 Cirrhilabrus Lineage F crown 3.4 2.0–5.2 Cirrhilabrus Lineage G crown 3.3 1.9–5.1 C. exquisitus complex crown 3.3 1.9–5.0 C. filamentosus complex crown 2.2 1.3–3.2 C. rubriventralis complex crown 2.4 1.5–3.5

10 Table S2. Valid species of Cirrhilabrus. Dashes denote missing data. Taxon coverage for UCEs and mitochondrial COI are 64% and 62%, respectively. Total taxon coverage for the combined data set is 80%.

Species complex Species Author & date Distribution UCEs Mitochondrial COI lubbocki complex C. adornatus Randall & Kunzmann 1998 Eastern Indian Ocean: Sumatra – –

C. cenderawasih Allen & Erdmann 2006 Western Pacific Ocean: Cenderawasih Bay; Raja Ampat; Western Yes – New Guinea C. flavidorsalis Randall & Carpenter 1980 Western Pacific Ocean: Philippines; Eastern Indonesia – Yes

C. lubbocki Randall & Carpenter 1980 Western Pacific Ocean: Philippines; Eastern Indonesia Yes Yes

C. marjorie Allen, Randell & Carlson 2003 Southwest Pacific Ocean: Fiji – –

C. walindi Allen & Randall 1996 Southwest Pacific Ocean: Solomon Islands; Northern Papua New – – Guinea bathyphilus C. bathyphilus Randall & Nagareda 2002 Southwest Pacific Ocean: Coral Sea; Great Barrier Reef; New Yes Yes complex Caledonia; southern Vanuatu (Tanna Island) C. efatensis Walsh, Tea & Tanaka 2017 Southwest Pacific Ocean: northern Vanuatu (Efate Island; Espiritu – – Santo) C. nahackyi Walsh & Tanaka, 2012 Southern Pacific Ocean: Fiji; Tonga Yes –

lunatus complex C. brunneus Allen 2006 Western Pacific Ocean: Philippines; Eastern Indonesia; Palau Yes Yes

C. isosceles Tea, Senou & Greene, 2016 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; Philippines; South China Yes Yes Sea: Taiwan C. johnsoni Randall 1988 Western Pacific Ocean: Micronesia (Marshall Islands; Caroline – – Islands) C. lunatus Randall & Masuda 1991 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; northernmost Philippines Yes – (Cagayan) C. squirei Walsh 2014 Southwest Pacific Ocean: Coral Sea; Great Barrier Reef Yes Yes

Cirrhilabrus C. laboutei Randall & Lubbock 1982 Southwest Pacific Ocean: Coral Sea; Great Barrier Reef; New Yes Yes laboutei Caledonia; Loyalty Islands; Vanuatu scottorum complex C. scottorum Randall & Pyle 1988 Southern Pacific Ocean: Coral Sea east to Pitcairn Island Yes Yes

C. melanomarginatus Randall & Shen 1978 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; Philippines; South China Yes – Sea: Taiwan

11 exquisitus complex C. exquisitus Smith 1957 Widespread Indo-Pacific Oceans: South Africa to Tuamotus Yes –

lineatus complex C. briangreenei Tea, Pyle & Rocha 2020 Western Pacific Ocean: Philippines – Yes

C. claire Randall & Pyle 2001 Central Pacific Ocean: Cook Islands; Society Islands (Tahiti; Yes Yes Moorea) C. katoi Senou & Hirata 2000 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; northernmost Philippines Yes Yes (Cagayan) C. lineatus Randall & Lubbock 1982 Southwestern Pacific Ocean: Coral Sea; Great Barrier Reef; New Yes Yes Caledonia C. pylei Allen & Randall 1996 Western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia; Southwestern Pacific Ocean: Yes Yes Solomon Islands; Papua New Guinea; Vanuatu C. rhomboidalis Randall 1988 Western Pacific Ocean: Micronesia (Marshall Islands; Caroline Yes – Islands); Palau C. rubrimarginatus Randall 1992 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; Philippines; Indonesia; Yes Yes Palau; South China Sea: Taiwan; Southwestern Pacific Ocean: Papua New Guinea; Fiji; Vanuatu; Tonga jordani complex C. blatteus Springer & Randall 1974 Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea – Yes

C. earlei Randall & Pyle 2001 Western Pacific Ocean: Palau; Micronesia (Marshall Islands; – Yes Caroline Islands) C. jordani Snyder 1904 Central Pacific Ocean: Hawaii Yes Yes

C. lanceolatus Randall & Masuda 1991 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; northernmost Philippines – Yes (Cagayan); South China Sea: Taiwan C. roseafascia Randall & Lubbock 1982 Western Pacific: Philippines; Indonesia; Palau; Southern Pacific Yes Yes Ocean: Solomon Islands; Coral Sea; Great Barrier Reef; New Caledonia; Tonga; Fiji; Samoa; American Samoa C. rubrisquamis Randall & Emery 1983 Central Indian Ocean: Maldives; Chagos Archipelago; Sri Lanka Yes Yes

C. sanguineus Cornic 1987 Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius Yes Yes

C. shutmani Tea & Gill 2017 Western Pacific Ocean: Babuyan Islands, northern Philippines Yes Yes

C. wakanda Tea, Pinheiro, Shepherd & Western Indian Ocean: Tanzania – Yes Rocha 2019 temminckii C. balteatus Randall 1988 Western Pacific Ocean: Micronesia (Marshall Islands; Caroline Yes – complex Islands) C. katherinae Randall 1992 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan, Guam; Marianas – Yes Archipelago; Palau

12 C. temminckii Bleeker 1853 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; Philippines; Indonesia; Yes Yes South China Sea: Taiwan; Korea; Eastern Indian Ocean (Western Australia): Houtman Abrolhos; Shark Bay; Muiron Islands punctatus complex C. beauperryi Allen, Drew & Barber 2008 Southern Pacific Ocean: Papua New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago; – Yes Solomon Islands C. punctatus Randall & Kuiter 1989 Southern Pacific Ocean: Coral Sea; Great Barrier Reef; Fiji; Tonga Yes Yes

cyanopleura C. aurantidorsalisa Allen & Kuiter 1999 Western Pacific Ocean: Sulawesi – – complex C. cyanopleura (Bleeker 1851) Western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia; Palau; Philippines; Eastern Indian Yes Yes Ocean: Andaman Sea C. luteovittatus Randall 1988 Western Pacific Ocean: Micronesia (Marshall Islands; Caroline Yes – Islands) C. randallia Allen 1995 Eastern Indian Ocean (northwestern Australia): Rowley Shoals; Scott – – Reef; Ashmore Reef; Cartier Reef; Hibernia Reef; Timor Sea; Flinders Shoal C. ryukyuensis Ishigawa 1904 Western Pacific Ocean: Southern Japan; Philippines Yes –

C. solorensisb Bleeker 1853 Western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia Yes –

condei complex C. condei Allen & Randall 1996 Southern Pacific Ocean: New Guinea; Northern Great Barrier Reef; – Yes Solomon Islands; Coral Sea C. marinda Allen, Erdmann & Dailami Southern Pacific Ocean: West Papua; Halmahera; Vanuatu – – 2015 C. walshi Randall & Pyle 2001 Southern Pacific Ocean: Samoa – –

filamentosus C. cyanogularis Tea, Frable & Gill 2018 Western Pacific Ocean: Sulawesi; Philippines; Kalimantan; Bali; Yes Yes complex Derawan C. filamentosus (Klausewitz 1976) Western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia Yes –

C. greeni Allen & Hammer 2017 East Timor Sea: Tanimbar Islands; Northern Territory, Australia Yes Yes

C. rubripinnis Randall & Carpenter 1980 Western Indian Ocean: Philippines Yes Yes

C. tonozukai Allen & Kuiter 1999 Western Indian Ocean: Indonesia; Timor Leste; Palau – –

rubriventralis C. africanus Victor 2016 Western Indian Ocean: Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Mozambique – Yes complex C. humanni Allen & Erdmann 2012 Eastern Indian Ocean: Indonesia; Alor; Timor Leste – –

C. hygroxerus Allen & Hammer 2016 Timor Sea Yes Yes

13 C. joanallenae Allen 2000 Eastern Indian Ocean: Indonesia (Sumatra; Banda Aceh); Thailand Yes Yes (Phuket) C. morrisoni Allen 1999 Timor Sea: Hibernia Reef – –

C. naokoae Randall & Tanaka 2006 Eastern Indian Ocean: Indonesia (Jakarta; Medan; Banda Aceh) Yes Yes

C. rubeus Victor 2016 Central Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka; Maldives; Chagos Archipelago Yes Yes

C. rubriventralis Springer & Randall 1974 Red Sea Yes Yes a Sample removed from data set due to low number of UCE loci b There is some taxonomic contention over the identification and treatment of C. solorensis, in part due to the brief and nebulous description of the species by Bleeker (1853). Although the use of this binomial is pervasive in field guides and the literature (see Kuiter 2010), they mostly refer to a fish that disagrees with the original description provided by Bleeker (1853). The abbreviations aff. (Latin: affinis) and cf. (Latin: conferre) are qualifiers that indicate different degrees of uncertainty in identification (see Lucas, 1986). Until a proper, detailed taxonomic evaluation of C. solorensis is presented (in prep. by the first author), we use C. aff. solorensis (= C. solorensis in Kuiter 2010) and C. cf. solorensis (most similar to the original description provided by Bleeker) in this study.

14 Table S3. Species/OTU sampling location and number of sequence reads, assembled contigs, and UCE loci per sample.

Species/OTU Location UCE ID Specimen ID Reads Contigs UCE loci Cirrhilabrus aurantidorsalisa Sulawesi, Indonesia F586 F586 176 34 11 Cirrhilabrus balteatus Majuro, Marshall Islands F5 Z868 748969 14475 1046 Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Holmes Reef, Coral Sea F6 L2075 821468 18815 1047 Cirrhilabrus brunneus Raja Ampat, Indonesia F606 KB10a 515395 2764 1058 Cirrhilabrus cenderawasih Dili, Timor-Leste F393 AMS I. 46121-071 766595 181552 676 Cirrhilabrus claire Moorea, French Polynesia F632 KCG3 337818 3154 1062 Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Sulu Archipelago, Philippines F592 KC17 617052 105706 1025 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Luzon, Philippines F613 KB16A 665675 115699 1016 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Ky) Kenya F593 KC18 677810 110439 1021 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (Md) Maldives F8 L2208 1660125 274462 692 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (CS) Coral Sea F611 KB14B 681490 113652 1028 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (GBR) Yonge Reef, Great Barrier Reef F145 LG876–8 950773 32536 930 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (ET) East Timor F610 KB14A 542298 93201 1042 Cirrhilabrus filamentosus Bali, Indonesia F9 L1213 747765 15764 1045 Cirrhilabrus greeni Timor Sea F615 KB17A 524705 92165 1051 Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus Timor Sea F631 KC23 300548 3150 1055 Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cagayan, Philippines F595 KC19B 363852 41569 942 Cirrhilabrus joanallenae Sumatra, Indonesia F10 M1092 676031 16808 1057 Cirrhilabrus jordani Hawaiian Islands F11 L794 1031074 28216 1050 Cirrhilabrus katoi Cagayan, Philippines F625 KB6 550253 52724 680 Cirrhilabrus laboutei Yonge Reef, Great Barrier Reef F146 LG882-3 1290803 47667 1032 Cirrhilabrus lineatus Holmes Reef, Coral Sea F16 M1227 841453 29298 1029 Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Bali, Indonesia F17 M1343 831714 29382 1043 Cirrhilabrus lunatus Cagayan, Philippines F624 KB5 460785 59961 672 Cirrhilabrus luteovittatus Pohnpei, Micronesia F170 L1782 845668 27194 1032 Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Palawan, Philippines F588 KC8 384518 44765 806 Cirrhilabrus nahackyi Tonga F583 KC4 440882 59672 760 Cirrhilabrus naokoae Medan, Indonesia F596 KC20 391435 50525 839 Cirrihilabrus punctatus Holmes Reef, Coral Sea F609 KB13 420343 2468 1022 Cirrhilabrus pylei Vanuatu F19 M1484 692238 23228 1049 Cirrhilabrus randallia Scott Reef, Timor Sea F264 M1069 3993185 792809 151 Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis Majuro, Marshall Islands F578 KC15 522306 2322 1029 Cirrhilabrus rubeus Maldives F574 KC13 346088 2450 1028 Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Luzon, Philippines F571 KC10 469336 2313 1043 Cirrhilabrus roseafascia Luzon, Philippines F580 KC16B 427344 2291 1026 Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis Luzon, Philippines F629 KC21C 420695 2745 1031 Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Maldives F582 KC3 493468 2683 1039 Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis Oman F20 RS4214 866158 31412 996 Cirrhilabrus ryukyuensis Cagayan, Philippines F589 KC9 507708 2731 1036 Cirrhilabrus sanguineus Mauritius F633 ZRC 60668 470512 2925 1044

15 Cirrhilabrus scottorum Moorea F21 L1236 716644 23224 1038 Cirrhilabrus shutmani Babuyan Islands, Philippines F627 KB8 474801 2899 1047 Cirrhilabrus aff solorensis Sulawesi, Indonesia F572 KC11 665215 2847 1044 Cirrhilabrus squirei Holmes Reef, Coral Sea F612 KB15 437360 2475 1053 Cirrhilabrus temminckii Bali, Indonesia F608 KB11B 361491 2439 1045 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis Timor Sea F581 KC2 222986 2057 1054 Cirrhilabrus “red head” Bali, Indonesia F620 KB20 216566 2148 1056 Conniella apterygia Rowley Shoals, Timor Sea F601 NMV Z15114 294338 2097 1056 Paracheilinus attenuatus Kenya F591 KP1 732119 2885 1033 Paracheilinus hemitaeniatus Madagascar F590 KP2 825606 2817 1043 Pseudocheilinus evanidus Moorea F26 M141 664523 22629 1034 Pseudocheilinus hexataenia Moorea F27 M111 791985 34492 962 Pseudocheilinus ocellatus Majuro, Marshall Islands F28 M2007 771794 27266 915 Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Scott Reef, Western Australia F29 M1066 772251 37172 1037 Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Moorea F30 M128 723766 29601 1018 Pseudocheilinops ataenia Papua New Guinea F265 M529 3735132 566385 160 Pteragogus amboinensis Tonga F338 AMS I. 46739 1723507 196362 612 Pteragogus cryptus Orpheus Island, Australia F32 M14 766747 24868 1048 a Sample removed from data set due to low number of UCEs

16 Table S4. GenBank and BOLD accession numbers, and locality records for selected species of pseudocheiline species used in the 75%-occupancy UCE matrix + mitochondrial COI data set. GB = GenBank. BD = Barcode of Life Database. Tissue samples were obtained from tissue banks in the ichthyological collections of various museums, including: Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS); Bernice Pauahi Biship Museum, Hawaii (BPBM); California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS); Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory (MAGNT); National Museum of the Philippines (PNM); Steinhardt Museum of Natural History (SMNHTAU); Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM); and the Zoological Reference Collection of the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum at the National University of Singapore (ZRC). Institutional codes follow Sabaj (2016). Tissue samples were also obtained from research collections provided by D. Bellwood, PFC, JDD, YKT, B. C. Victor, and F. Walsh.

Species Location Accession number Cirrhilabrus africanus Kenya, Africa KY033481 (GB) Cirrhilabrus bathyphilus Holmes Reef, Coral Sea KX037921 (GB) Cirrhilabrus beauperryi Holmes Reef, Coral Sea KX037918 (GB) Cirrhilabrus blatteus Eilat, Red Sea MF123821 (GB) Cirrhilabrus briangreenei Verde Islands, Philippines MN536162 (GB) Cirrhilabrus brunneus Raja Ampat, Indonesia KR052199 (GB) Cirrhilabrus claire Moorea, French Polynesia MH780160 (GB) Cirrhilabrus condei Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea KR052202 (GB) Cirrhilabrus cyanogularis Sulu Archipelago, Philippines MK116585 (GB) Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Manila, Philippines FJ583215 (GB) Cirrhilabrus earlei Marshall Islands, Micronesia MH780157 (GB) Cirrhilabrus flavidorsalis Jakarta, Indonesia FJ583223 (GB) Cirrhilabrus greeni Timor Sea, Australia LIDMA2850-17 (BD) Cirrhilabrus hygroxerus Timor Sea, Australia KY033467 (GB) Cirrhilabrus isosceles Cagayan, Philippines KU986286 (GB) Cirrhilabrus joanallenae Sumatra, Indonesia KY033468 (GB) Cirrhilabrus jordani Hawaiian Islands KX281112 (GB) Cirrhilabrus katherinae Northern Mariana Islands UKFB1736-08 (BD) Cirrhilabrus katoi Southern Japan MK116586 (GB) Cirrhilabrus laboutei Holmes Reef, Coral Sea KX037919 (GB) Cirrhilabrus lanceolatus Okinawa, Japan KU986299 (GB) Cirrhilabrus lineatus Holmes Reef, Coral Sea KX037920 (GB) Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Jakarta, Indonesia FJ583233 (GB) Cirrhilabrus naokoae Medan, Indonesia KY033471 (GB) Cirrhilabrus punctatus Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef KP193983 (GB) Cirrhilabrus pylei Vanuatu MN536168 (GB) Cirrhilabrus roseafascia Batangas, Philippines MT215191 (GB) Cirrhilabrus rubeus Maldives MH780161 (GB) Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Manila, Philippines FJ583239 (GB) Cirrhilabrus rubripinnis Batangas, Philippines MK116587 (GB) Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Maldives MH780161 (GB) Cirrhilabrus rubriventralis Eilat, Red Sea KY033465 (GB) Cirrhilabrus sanguineus Mauritius MH780162 (GB) Cirrhilabrus scottorum Moorea, French Polynesia JF434936 (GB)

17 Cirrhilabrus shutmani Babuyan Islands, Philippines MG191364 (GB) Cirrhilabrus squirei Holmes Reef, Coral Sea KX037922 (GB) Cirrhilabrus temminckii Southern Japan LIDMA2005-14 (BD) Cirrhilabrus wakanda Tanzania, Africa MN010588 (GB) Conniella apterygia Rowley Shoals, Australia FMVIC727-08 (BD) Pseudocheilinus evanidus Eilat, Red Sea MF124010 (GB) Pseudocheilinus hexataenia Leeward Islands, French Polynesia MK657781 (GB) Pseudocheilinus ocellatus Moorea, French Polynesia MK658173 (GB) Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Marquesas, French Polynesia MK567067 (GB) Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Austral Islands, French Polynesia MK658589 (GB) Pteragogus cryptus Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef KP194022 (GB)

18 Table S5. GenBank accession numbers and locality records for members of Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura complex used in maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial COI.

Species Location Accession number Cirrhilabrus lubbocki Jakarta, Indonesia FJ583233 Cirrhilabrus aff. ryukyuensis Raja Ampat, Indonesia MT433505 Cirrhilabrus aff. ryukyuensis Raja Ampat, Indonesia MT433506 Cirrhilabrus aff. ryukyuensis Raja Ampat, Indonesia MT433507 Cirrhilabrus aff. ryukyuensis Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia MT433508 Cirrhilabrus aff. ryukyuensis Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia MT433509 Cirrhilabrus aff. ryukyuensis Cenderawasih Bay, Indonesia MT433510 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis Timor Sea MT433511 Cirrhilabrus cf. solorensis Timor Sea MT433512 Cirrhilabrus sp. “red head” Bali, Indonesia MT433513 Cirrhilabrus aff. solorensis Sulawesi, Indonesia MT433514 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Luzon, Philippines MT433515 Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura Luzon, Philippines MT433516 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Kenya, Africa KF489544 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Kenya, Africa KF489545 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Kenya, Africa KF489546 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Kenya, Africa KF489547 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Maldives MT479181 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Maldives MT479182 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Maldives MT479183 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Maldives MT479184 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Maldives MT479185 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Maldives MT479186 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Maldives MT479187 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Bali, Indonesia MT479188 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Coral Sea, Australia MT479189 Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Timor Leste MT479190

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