The Holocaust in Jewish American Fiction Holokaust V Americké Židovské Literatuře

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The Holocaust in Jewish American Fiction Holokaust V Americké Židovské Literatuře Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích Pedagogická fakulta Katedra anglistiky Diplomová práce The Holocaust in Jewish American Fiction Holokaust v americké židovské literatuře Vypracovala: Bc. Anna Senková Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Christopher Erwin Koy, M.A., Ph.D. České Budějovice 2018 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že svoji diplomovou práci jsem vypracoval/a samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své bakalářské práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zveřejněny posudky školitele a oponentů práce i záznam o průběhu a výsledku obhajoby kvalifikační práce. Rovněž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé kvalifikační práce s databází kvalifikačních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiátů. V Českých Budějovicích dne …............. Anna Senková Acknowledgment I would like to thank the supervisor of this thesis, PhDr. Christopher Erwin Koy, M.A., Ph.D., for his immense patience, for his remarks and advice essential for this thesis. I would not be able to finish this work without the emotional support of my husband, who has my thanks as well. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to use the analysis of nine literary works to identify distinctive features of Holocaust fiction. The theoretical part of the thesis considers the various approaches of society towards the Holocaust, as well as the way Judaism perceives fiction, Holocaust fiction in particular. The analytical part operates with the individual stories of the following American authors: Rebecca Goldstein, Bernard Malamud, Gordon Lish, Philip Roth, Cynthia Ozick, Rebecca Makkai and Budd Schulberg. The analysis focuses on the position of the characters as well as the significant aspects of each story separately. The final part points out the differences and similarities, as well as the most prominent aspects of the Holocaust fiction. Anotace Cílem této diplomové práce je identifikovat charakteristické prvky literatury zabývající se Holokaustem. Teoretická část mapuje způsob, jakým společnost, a zvláště židovská společnost, chápe Holokaust. Zároveň řeší, jak se Judaismus dívá na fikci, zejména pak na fikci spojenou s Holokaustem. Druhá část se pak zabývá analýzou jednotlivých příběhů, osmi povídek a jednoho románu, od sedmi autorů, a to od Rebeccy Goldstein, Bernarda Malamuda, Gordona Lishe, Philipa Rotha, Cynthie Ozick, Rebeccy Makkai a Budda Schulberga. Příběhy jsou zkoumány odděleně, přičemž je hlavní důraz kladen na významné motivy vzhledem k Holokaustu a rozbor jednotlivých postav. Závěrečný oddíl poukazuje na společné prvky povídek, stejně jako na jejich rozdíly, a určuje nejvýraznější prvky literatury Holokaustu. Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................ 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 2 Holocaust and Trauma .................................................................................................. 2 Defining the Holocaust ................................................................................................... 2 “What's in a name?“ ...................................................................................................... 3 The Dehumanization and Trauma .................................................................................. 4 The Holocaust, Judaism and Fiction ............................................................................... 6 Judaism and Literature of Fiction ................................................................................... 6 Definition of Holocaust Literature .................................................................................. 7 Adequacy of the Literature of the Holocaust ................................................................. 8 2. Literary reflection of the Holocaust ......................................................................... 9 Rebecca Goldstein: “The Legacy of Raizel Kaidish: A Story” .......................................... 10 Rebecca Goldstein ........................................................................................................ 10 “The Legacy of Raizel Kaidish” - Summary ................................................................... 11 Characters .................................................................................................................... 11 Family Relations ........................................................................................................... 14 Humanity and Morals ................................................................................................... 15 Essential Truth .............................................................................................................. 16 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 17 Bernard Malamud: “The German Refugee” and “The Jewbird” .................................... 17 Bernard Malamud ........................................................................................................ 17 “The German Refugee” - Summary .............................................................................. 18 The Narrator and the Refugee ..................................................................................... 19 Language Destruction .................................................................................................. 21 Unending Heat ............................................................................................................. 22 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 23 “The Jewbird” - Summary ............................................................................................ 23 Characters .................................................................................................................... 24 The Crow ...................................................................................................................... 27 Jewish Self-Hatred .................................................................................................... 28 The Holocaust Parallel .............................................................................................. 30 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 30 Gordon Lish: “The Dog” .............................................................................................. 31 Gordon Lish .................................................................................................................. 31 “The Dog” – Summary .................................................................................................. 31 Characters .................................................................................................................... 32 Haunting Secrets .......................................................................................................... 34 Collective Responsibility............................................................................................... 34 Genocide in New York? ................................................................................................ 35 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 36 Philip Roth: “’I Always Wanted You to Admire My Fasting’; or, Looking at Kafka” and Operation Shylock ................................................................................................................ 37 Philip Roth .................................................................................................................... 37 “’I Always Wanted You to Admire My Fasting’; or, Looking at Kafka” – Summary ...... 37 Characters .................................................................................................................... 38 Back from the Dead ...................................................................................................... 40 Survivor’s Burden ......................................................................................................... 41 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 41 “Operation Shylock” - Summary .................................................................................. 42 Characters .................................................................................................................... 42 The Institutionalization of the Holocaust ..................................................................... 45 Live and Let Die ........................................................................................................ 46 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................
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