Sustainable Hillsborough Strategic Plan

CREDITS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Anthony Ferrera, Mayor Frank Delcore, Deputy Mayor Lisa Nisivoccia, Township Committee Carl Suraci, Township Committee Bob Wagner, Township Committee

Hillsborough Planning Board Hillsborough Environmental Commission

Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee Pastor Harry Skeele, Co-Chair Phil Ludvigsen, Co-Chair Karen Anderson Steve Bales Frank Blandino Jennifer Bryson Ed Clerico Sam Conard Frank DelCore Paul Drake Saul Wendroff

Hillsborough Township Kevin Davis, Administrator/Township Clerk Robert Ringelheim, Planner Rebecca Marshall, Assistant Planner/Zoning Officer

New Jersey Sustainable State Institute (NJSSI) Randy Solomon, Director Maren Haus, Project Coordinator Jessica Noon, Graduate Assistant William LoSasso, Graduate Assistant

Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association Angela Clerico Jennifer Coffey

Municipal Land Use Center (MLUC) at the College of NJ Special thanks to Jeffrey Perlman, Zoning Officer (Former) 3

Hillsborough Township at a Glance

Hillsborough Township is a low-density, primarily residential community in Somerset County, New Jersey. Hillsborough was historically an agricultural community, but in the past 15 years has grown in population and become a residential suburb serving employment centers in Trenton, Princeton, New Brunswick, the New York Metropolitan Area and Philadelphia.

Hillsborough is located in Central New Jersey, with the Raritan River running the length of its northwestern boundary. It is bisected by two main arterial highways: Route 206, running north- south and County Road 514 / Amwell Road, running east-west.

Basic facts about Hillsborough Township: • Hillsborough was one of the original 104 New Jersey townships created by Royal Charter in 1771. • Hillsborough is the largest municipality in the state, covering a total of 54.7 square miles • The 2005 estimated population was 37,808. • The population is 86% white, 7% Asian, 4% black, 1% Native American, 1% Pacific Islander and 1% of other races. 5% of the community is of Hispanic origin, regardless of race. • The 2000 Median household income was $83,290, which is 180% the national median of $45,326. • 30% of the population are under 18; 6% are 18-24; 35% are 25-44; 23% are 46-64 and 7% are 65 or older. • The township is run by a 5-member Township Committee, of which members are elected for staggered 3-year terms • Mayor of Hillsborough is one of the 5 Township Committee members, chosen by the committee for a one-year term. • Hillsborough is in the seventh congressional district. • Hillsborough Township School District serves Hillsborough students from grades kindergarten – twelfth.

Hillsborough Township has a long history of working to protect its pastoral character and its natural resources. The Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough is another piece of this long- term effort.

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CONTENTS

Executive Summary ...... 5 Background of Sustainable Hillsborough ...... 8 1. Goal Overview: ...... 15 2. Indicators & Targets: ...... 16 3. Action Plan: ...... 16 Goal 1: Community ...... 22 Indicator 1.1: Voter Turnout ...... 24 Indicator 1.2: Crime Rate ...... 25 Indicator 1.3: Quality Education ...... 26 Indicator 1.4: Cost of living ...... 28 Indicator 1.5: Diversity ...... 30 Action Plan ...... 33 Goal 2: Environment ...... 38 Indicator 2.1: Land Use ...... 40 Indicator 2.2: Air Quality ...... 41 Indicator 2.3: Water Quality ...... 43 Indicator 2.4: Recycling Rates ...... 44 Action Plan ...... 46 Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation and Land Use ...... 53 Indicator 3.1: Modal Split ...... 55 Indicator 3.2: Time Spent Commuting ...... 56 Indicator 3.3: Bicycle & Pedestrian Safety ...... 57 Action Plan ...... 58 Goal 4: Local Economy ...... 64 Indicator 4.1: Unemployment Rate ...... 66 Indicator 4.2: Agricultural Economy ...... 67 Action Plan ...... 69 Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint ...... 75 Indicator 5.1: Renewable Energy ...... 77 Indicator 5.2: Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...... 79 Action Plan ...... 82 Appendix A: Completed Actions ...... 89 Goal 1: Community ...... 90 Goal 2: Environment ...... 92 Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint ...... 94 Appendix B: Future Actions ...... 95 Goal 1: Community ...... 96 Goal 2: Environment ...... 99 Goal 4: Local Economy ...... 109 Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint ...... 114 Appendix C: Action Matrix ...... 119

Executive Summary

At the time of this writing, Democrats had recently concluded their 2008 national convention, what some had claimed would be “the greenest show on earth.” Denver’s Democratic mayor John Hickenlooper had challenged his party and city to "make this the greenest convention in the history of the planet." Not to be outdone, the staff of the Republican National Convention in Minneapolis commemorated Earth Day in April by participating in the 14th Annual Minneapolis Earth Day Watershed Cleanup. In a variety of ways—reducing commutes, maximizing internet communications to reduce RNC travel, and striving for a “paperless” system for convention registration and coordination, the Republicans too sought to minimize the impact of their convention on the environment. Americans, however much we disagree about other issues, are in wide agreement here: we must be responsible stewards of planet Earth. But how? What should we do? “Hillsborough will become a sustainable In 2006, the Municipal Land Use Center at the College community by of New Jersey awarded Hillsborough a Building Livable Communities Grant to initiate the “Sustainable maintaining or improving Hillsborough” project. The word “sustainable” is in wide its current economic, use today, and it’s appropriate to take a moment to clarify what we mean by it. environmental, and social conditions without In 1987, the United Nations convened the World compromising the ability Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). The purpose of this commission was to of its future residents to confront concerns about the vulnerability of the meet their own needs.” environment and the depletion of natural resources. Both issues have direct consequences for economic - Sustainable Hillsborough and social development. The UN Commission defined Steering Committee the term “sustainable” as follows: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." The WCED report caused many people around the world to understand and use the concept of sustainability.

Hillsborough having received the grant from the Municipal Land Use Center, the Town Committee responded in two ways. First, it appointed a group of interested local citizens to the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee, charging them to oversee the creation of a Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough. Second, the Town Committee hired the New Jersey Sustainable State Institute (at Rutgers) and the Stony-Brook Millstone Watershed Association to serve as consultants and staff to the effort. The ,vision of the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee is that “Hillsborough will become a sustainable community by maintaining or improving its current economic, environmental, and social conditions without compromising the ability of its future residents to meet their own needs.”

The Sustainable Hillsborough project is the most recent step in Hillsborough’s long-range effort to maintain and enhance its quality of life. It builds upon the steps that Hillsborough has already taken to promote sustainable development and environmental stewardship by adopting a long- term, strategic planning process that sets goals for the future, a system to track progress (indicators and targets), and actions for each goal that are tailored for all of the major

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 6

community stakeholders in Hillsborough, including municipal government, citizens, businesses, schools, and partner/civic organizations.

The Sustainable Hillsborough team has taken several steps to solicit public input.

Project Highlights • Two public workshops with nearly 150 people attending. • Several presentations to Hillsborough organizations including the Environmental Commission and the Hillsborough Economic and Business Development Commission. • Numerous newspaper articles were written and a website (sustainablehillsborough.org) was created as the public face of the effort. • Recipient of Somerset County Excellence in Planning Award 2008. Participants in the first Sustainable Hillsborough Community Forum The plan defines five goals for a sustainable Hillsborough: Goa1: Community; Goal 2: Environment; Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use; Goal 4: Local Economy, and Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint.

Indicators for each of the goals provide real world feedback on our progress. They enable us to track the effectiveness of our actions and in general report on the wellbeing and sustainability of the Township. For instance, indicators of crime rate or graduation rates indicate that the crime rate has decreased while the graduation rate has increased over the past ten years in Hillsborough, showing that quality of life continues to improve.

In addition, the plan includes actions or specific projects, programs, and policies designed to move the indicators and reach the goals. Each goal has a number of identified actions. A sample of the prioritized actions, listed by goal area, is provided below.

Sustainable Hillsborough Priority Actions

Goal 1: Community: • Develop a “Green Map of Hillsborough Township • Establish a Sustainability Team made up of school administrators, teachers, staff, facilities managers, and student leaders at Hillsborough Schools.

Goal 2: Environment: • Provide information for residents, businesses, schools and community groups on sustainable landscaping practices. • Improve monitoring of and participation in the Township’s recycling program. • Develop a home composting pilot program.

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use • Assess current means of public transportation in the Hillsborough area. • Integrate bicycle lanes, pedestrian paths, and running trails in the town center and along key thoroughfares. • Continue to provide bicycle safety programs to all residents.

Goal 4: Local Economy • Develop a program to assist the development of new, potential and existing environmental-themed and otherwise sustainable businesses. • Partner with local farms to encourage agritourism opportunities for residents and visitors.

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint • Pass Green Building Policies and Ordinances. • Research and evaluate options to install photovoltaics and utilize renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal on municipal properties. • Establish a municipal solar power purchasing agreement (PPA) to cost effectively install solar photovoltaic panels on qualifying municipal rooftops and facilities.

Finally, the Plan establishes an annual, long-term planning cycle (“Plan-Do-Evaluate”) that allows for ongoing public input, action, and feedback. An important component of this planning cycle is the annual reporting of the Sustainable Hillsborough Indicators that “show where we are, and where we need to be to preserve our quality of life and become a sustainable community.”

Over time, the goal is for each stakeholder group – municipal departments and committees, schools, civic organization, businesses, and residents – to incorporate relevant plan elements into each of their ongoing operations and activities. The plan in not intended to be a new layer of government but rather a device for communicating and coordinating the many diverse, ongoing activities throughout Hillsborough Township. By providing clear goals for the future we hope to enable all our fellow citizens to do their part. By showing what everyone in the town is doing, inside and out of government, we hope to foster a sense of community and shared purpose as we work together to achieve our vision of a sustainable Hillsborough.

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Background of Sustainable Hillsborough

Participants in the Sustainable Hillsborough Community Forum, June 25th, 2007

Sustainable development means understanding the critical social, economic and environmental conditions necessary to sustain a high quality of life, and ensuring that those conditions are preserved for present and future generations. Since the concept was first adopted by the United Nations, achieving sustainable development has often been acknowledged as one of the greatest imperatives of our time. At the local level, sustainability has been taken up in many communities around the world. In the United States, and in New Jersey, there has been considerably less activity. However, significant efforts have been made by the municipalities of Highland Park, Montclair, and Belmar. Their work has dealt with issues of redevelopment, energy conservation, community development, pedestrian-friendly streets, and an enhanced quality of life.

Hillsborough Township enjoys a high quality of life with safe neighborhoods, high quality housing, a stellar educational system and many environmental and cultural resources. In 2006, Money Magazine rated Hillsborough Township #23 in its “Best Places to Live: Top 100” list. One of the qualities noted in Hillsborough’s appeal was the foresight of its residents and community leaders to prioritize environmental preservation even in the face of rapid development.

To date, Hillsborough has taken steps to preserve the Township’s high quality of life by promoting sustainable development and environmental stewardship. Starting in 1999, the township began to design a strategy to protect undeveloped open space and rural areas of the town while promoting innovative land uses. An APA award-winning “Visioning” process helped define the location of the proposed “Town Center” and in 2002 Hillsborough adopted its Phase 1 Master Plan Amendment which aims to curb suburban sprawl and limit future development in the Mountain and Agricultural areas of Hillsborough. The Township has also taken steps to protect its 54 square miles of land. In 2000, for instance, 68% of the Township was designated as open space either in the form of farmland, forests or wetlands. More recently, the Master Plan Amendment – Phase 2 study focused on utilizing Smart Growth principles in order to establish a “Town Center” and “Transit-Village” district. This district is designed to promote rail travel along the West Trenton line and provide transportation alternatives to Hillsborough residents.

The project – Sustainable Hillsborough – is the most recent step in Hillsborough’s long-range effort to maintain and enhance its quality of life. It builds upon the steps that Hillsborough has already taken to promote sustainable development and environmental stewardship by adopting a long- term, strategic planning process that sets goals for the future, indicators to track progress, and actions for each goal that are tailored for all of the major community stakeholders in Hillsborough, including municipal government, citizens, businesses, schools, and partner/civic organizations.

Two final comments: First, speaking for the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee and the NJ State Sustainable Institute, we want to thank the Town Committee for the opportunity to serve the Township of Hillsborough in this way. Second, the Strategic Plan is our best response to the charge given us by the Town Committee. We are fully aware that this document is neither exhaustive nor infallible. Working together for the last year and a half, we have recognized continually that we are just making a start. Now we invite the best thinking and the willing help of others to move forward with what we have begun. As the saying goes, “think globally, act locally.” Our desire, and our appeal to our fellow citizens, is that you will come help sharpen our analysis, widen the involvement of local residents, and deepen the commitment of our town to responsible care for the world entrusted to us.

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Development of the Sustainable Hillsborough Strategic Plan

th Participants in the Sustainable Hillsborough Community Forum, June 25 , 2007 NJSSI staff worked with Township staff, the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee and other project partners to develop a sustainable community plan that reflects both the sentiments of Hillsborough residents and the long-term vision of Township officials. Awareness of the plan and enthusiasm about its creation has grown throughout the community. A number of local news stories have covered the Sustainable Hillsborough efforts.

Following is a timeline of the major steps taken in the development of the Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009.

September – December, 2006 Sustainability Goals and Objectives Draft NJSSI staff and core group members reviewed past community plans pertinent to Hillsborough Township to develop a draft list of goals for the community. Reviewed documents include: Hillsborough Township Master Plan, Phase I (1999), Hillsborough Township Municipal Assessment (2004), Somerset County Plan (2004), Smart Growth Planning and Management Project for Sourland Mountain (2005) and Hillsborough Master Plan, Phase 2 (2005)

November 30, 2006 Community Forum 1 Approximately 50 residents gathered to view a presentation on community sustainability and develop a vision for a sustainable future in Hillsborough Township. Participants brainstormed answers to what they would like to sustain in Hillsborough, what they would like to change, what are the most important local issues and what are the most important global issues. The results were culminated into a list of sustainability goals and sub-goals for the township.

February, 2007 Sustainable Hillsborough Website A website was developed for the Sustainable Hillsborough project that contains information on the project, a brief history of sustainable planning in Hillsborough, an events calendar and an 11

interactive page where citizens can provide their feedback. For more information, visit www.sustainablehillsborough.org

March 12, 2007 Interfaith Clergy Meeting Fletcher Harper, of Green Faith, led a meeting to engage Hillsborough Township clergy and faith organizations in the project.

February - May, 2007 Sustainable Hillsborough Indicators Draft NJSSI staff developed a comprehensive list of suggested indicators to provide measurable statistics of the draft goals.

June 19, 2007 Community Forum 2 The second community forum gathered citizens to review a list of goals and objectives that were created based on community input and existing township plans. The results were culminated in a revised draft of the sustainability goals, sub-goals and actions for the Township.

July 13, 2007 Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee The steering committee was officially named via a Hillsborough Township resolution and held its first meeting.

September – December, 2007 Sustainability Action Lists and Priorities Draft NJSSI staff worked with the steering committee members to refine the goals, actions, indicators and priorities for each of the five goal areas: Community; Environment; Mobility, Transportation and Land Use; Local Economy and Energy and Carbon Footprint. The Steering Committee split into five taskforces, one for each goal, to make the final decisions on the goals and actions to be included in the plan.

January-May, 2008 Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough- First Draft NJSSI worked with the steering committee to write a first draft of the plan to share with municipal government and key stakeholders for review and input.

May 9, 2008 Meeting with Hillsborough Township Department Heads NJSSI met with Hillsborough Township Department Heads to give an overview and update of the project and to solicit feedback on the draft plan.

May – August 2008 Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 – Final Draft NJSSI and the steering committee revised plan based on department feedback and new information.

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Fall 2008 Township Committee passes resolution adopting plan and planning process NJSSI and the steering committee submit resolution to establish an ongoing planning and reporting process for the Sustainable Hillsborough Plan and to designate the steering committee as the official governing body of the plan and planning process.

Community Forum 3 and Public Comment Period The Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 is presented to the public at a third and final Community Forum. The plan is posted on the Sustainable Hillsborough website for public comment and review. Community Groups and Individuals volunteer for various implementation teams.

Winter 2009 Official Launch of NEW Sustainable Hillsborough Website A new Sustainable Hillsborough website is unveiled. The site provides a virtual home for the Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough and serves as a clearinghouse of information on sustainability initiatives in Hillsborough.

Kick-Off Meetings Held for Implementation Teams Sustainable Hillsborough Implementation Teams meet to establish goals and working plan for the coming year.

Members of the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee, July 2007, Left to Right: Ed Clerico, Paul Drake, Jennifer Bryson, Saul Wendroff, Karen Anderson, Jeff Perlman, Harry Skeele and Sam Conard. Missing: Steve Bales, Sue Clerico, Frank Delcore, Phil Ludvigsen, Wendy Michaelewsky, Tim Taylor, Rebecca Marshall. 13

Plan Overview

The Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough defines goals for sustainability in Hillsborough, establishes a system to track progress (indicators and targets), and creates an action plan to achieve its goals for multiple stakeholder groups in Hillsborough Township. The Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough reflects the sentiments and ideas of residents, township staff, elected officials and community leaders. Public input was solicited through public workshops, web surveys, and public comment periods. From this diverse input, the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee decided on five goals for a sustainable Hillsborough: Goa1: Community; Goal 2: Environment; Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use; Goal 4: Local Economy, and Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint.

Indicators of our progress toward those goals suggest that we are doing well on some and less well on others. For instance, the crime rate has decreased while the graduation rate has increased over the past ten years, showing that Hillsborough quality of life continues to improve. However, the median price of housing stock made a significant jump from 1990 to 2000, while the diversity of age and income amongst residents has also decreased. In 2000, there were many more residents in the 35-44 and 45-54 year brackets and significantly fewer in the 25 to 35 year bracket. Likewise, the median household income saw an increase among households earning $75,000 or more annually, while the numbers of residents making less than $75,000 drastically decreased.

This plan proposes a number of actions that build on the strengths of the Hillsborough community and address the shortcomings. Overall, the actions are constructed to point the direction towards a more environmentally sustainable, socially equitable and economically sound Hillsborough. Since there are so many approaches to sustainable community development, the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee has prioritized its action list according to public

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 14

concerns, municipal leadership advice and the general feasibility of each action. A sample of the prioritized actions, listed by goal area, is provided below.

Goal 1: Community • Develop a “Green Map of Hillsborough Township. • Establish a Sustainability Team made up of school administrators, teachers, staff, facilities managers, and student leaders at Hillsborough Schools.

In addition, the Plan establishes an annual, long-term planning cycle (“Plan-Do-Evaluate”) that allows for ongoing public input, action, and tracking and reporting on overall progress. (See diagram below).

The plan is organized into chapters by each of the five sustainability goals: Goal 1: Community; Goal 2: Environment; Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use; Goal 4: Local Economy; and Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint.

Each chapter contains three sections: 1. Goal Overview 2. Indicators & Targets 3. Action Plan

1. Goal Overview:

This section introduces the goal by answering the following questions:

What do we want to achieve? This statement describes the goal at hand and the community’s vision for the future, based on input from the public, past recommendations from community plans, perspectives from Township staff and officials and the priorities of the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee.

What do we see? This narrative tells the story of Hillsborough Township as it relates to this particular goal. It explains the historical processes as well as the present situation. Particular issues that were voiced in the community forums are addressed as well as the most recent Township efforts in this goal area.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 16

How are we doing? This part outlines the indicators or measurements of success that Sustainable Hillsborough has chosen to track the progress on this particular goal. The indicators are listed here, yet will be described in greater depth in the Indicator section for each goal.

What are we doing? This section lists the sub-goals under which actions have been chosen by the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee to pursue. A more detailed description of the actions for each sub-goal can be found on the pages referenced in this section.

2. Indicators & Targets:

Indicators are statistics that report actual conditions in the Township. Indicators have been selected for each of the goals to provide real world feedback on the progress being made towards a more sustainable community. Indicators can measure processes, such as the number of green buildings constructed in the township, or outcomes, such as energy usage per capita. In this plan, outcome-based indicators are used to provide a meaningful picture of how the plan is working. Indicators track the effectiveness of the actions taken in the sustainable community plan. Note that the indicators that were selected for this plan are based on available data. In the future, new indicators can be introduced to supplement or replace current indicators as new and better data is made available. In addition, the Township can establish target levels for the indicators as a way to signal a commitment to achieve specific outcomes by specific dates.

The community can determine targets and timeframes for each of the indicators, to set specific long-term goals. For instance, the Township can aspire to reduce its waste stream by 10% by 2020. The indicator provides a motivation for the community to work hard to reach its defined target.

On an annual basis, the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee or other designated party can report progress from the previous year, update the indicators in the plan, and consider new actions that should be taken and placed in the updated plan.

3. Action Plan:

This section outlines the action plan that will guide Hillsborough Township towards a more sustainable future. Each goal contains a number of objectives, or sub-goals. Each sub-goal contains specific actions that have been chosen by the Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee as the most relevant and appropriate measures to reach the goal at hand.

First, each goal section contains a color-coordinated chart or action matrix listing the sub-goals and prioritized actions, as well as the parties to which each action applies (such as municipality, residents, businesses, schools, homeowner associations and community groups). This serves as a quick and easy reference to complement the more detailed action plan that follows. Entries in the action plan are organized by sub-goal. For easy reference, each sub-goal is labeled by a decimal number that indicates the goal number as well as the number of the sub-goal under this goal. The following example shows the 3rd sub-goal under Goal 1 or sub-goal 1.3. The third sub- goal under Goal 2 would be 2.3 and so on.

Sub-goal Æ 1.3 Foster community involvement.

Each sub-goal contains a numbered list of actions in bolded font, as shown in the diagram below. Immediately following the action is a brief list of responsible parties, indicated in all- capital font. These parties may include the goal taskforces (such as the COMMUNITY GOAL TASKFORCE in this case) which have already been appointed by the steering committee, or other township departments, township commissions, local business leaders, the school district, community groups and other institutions. The notion of the plan is that these stakeholders will work together to accomplish this particular action.

Following the action is a description giving a brief background on this subject and how it applies to Hillsborough Township. The “Definition of Success” is the measure by which stakeholders will determine whether or not they have accomplished the action or achieved success. The “Resources” provide additional information or examples to be used by the stakeholder groups as references and tools.

Action & Priority Æ 1. Develop an interactive Sustainable Hillsborough Website (www.sustainablehillsborough.org) (Underway) Responsible Æ STEERING COMMITTEE, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT Parties Description Æ Many Hillsborough residents noted a communication disconnect in the of action community. An interactive website can provide the means for residents, community groups and local officials to exchange information and ideas on sustainability initiatives. The current Sustainable Hillsborough website can be accessed at www.sustainablehillsborough.org. When completed, the website will serve as the virtual home for the Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009. In addition, the website will serve as a clearing house of sustainability information for members of the community. The Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee will be responsible for updating the website on a regular basis.

Definition of Success Official launch of new Sustainable Hillsborough Website. Annual number of unique hits to Sustainable Hillsborough website. Website updated with new information on a weekly and or bi-monthly basis.

Resources Cool New Jersey http://www.coolnewjersey.org/ NJDEP Office of Sustainable Communities http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/ One Day Vancouver http://www.onedayvancouver.ca/portal.php Minnesota Sustainable Communities Network http://www.nextstep.state.mn.us/index.cfm

Definition of Success Creation of an online communication forum; number of posts to forum.

Resources Silver Spring Town Center http://sstowncenter.ning.com/ Rhinebeck Community Forum http://rhinebeck.wordpress.com/

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Additionally, each action has been assigned one of the following prioritizations defined below.

(Completed) indicates that this is an existing action of the Township. (Underway) indicates that the Township has already taken steps towards this action. However, a need for progress remains. (Priority) indicates that this action has been prioritized by the steering committee as one of the most important and appropriate measures in this area. (Future) indicates that this action has been designated as a future action to be addressed after the priorities have been achieved.

The priority and underway actions are included in the Action Plans that follow each goal while the list of completed and future actions is included in the Appendix. This was done to make it easier to see what actions are currently being done and plan to be done in the short-term and what actions have been done and could be done in the future to advance sustainability in Hillsborough Township.

Table 1: Sustainable Hillsborough Community Planning Framework

Goal Areas 3. Mobility, 4. Local 5. Energy & 1. Community 2. Environment Transportation & Economy Carbon Land Use Footprint Indicators •Voter Turnout • Land Use •Modal Split • Unemployment • Clean & •Crime Rate •Recycling Rate •Commute Time Rate Renewable • Quality Education •Bicycle & • Agricultural Energy • Cost of Living Pedestrian Safety Economy • Greenhouse • Diversity Gas Emissions • Death Rate by Hearth Disease Sub-goals 1.1 Vibrant town 2.1 Promote 3.1 Promote and 4.1 Foster the 5.1 Promote center. preservation and provide local agricultural sustainable 1.2 Preserve historic stewardship of transportation economy. building. resources and rural open space. alternatives to the 4.2 Create a 5.2 Increase character. 2.2 Preserve and automobile. diverse locally- energy 1.3 Foster monitor ecology 3.2 Develop owned business efficiency. community and wildlife. pedestrian and economy. 5.3 Utilize involvement. 2.3 Conserve water bicycle-friendly 4.3 Develop a renewable 1.4 Provide quality and improve streets. strong eco- energy sources housing. stormwater 3.3 Create transit tourism economy. and 1.5 Improve management. linkages. 4.4 Encourage technologies. sustainability 2.4 Encourage 3.4 Apply Smart green business 5.4 Reduce awareness & recycling and Growth design development. carbon emissions education waste reduction. principles to and fuel usage opportunities. 2.5 Reduce light development. linked to the 1.6 Increase pollution. 3.5 Reduce carbon automobile. entertainment and emissions and fuel 5.5 Foster energy recreation options. usage linked to the conservation. automobile.

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Table 2: Sustainable Hillsborough Indicators

Goal 1: Community

Indicator 1.1: Voter Turnout This indicator shows the difference between turnout for national elections and local only elections and serves as a proxy for local engagement.

Indicator 1.2: Crime Rate This indicator shows the annual numbers of violent, non-violent and total crimes reported per 1,000 residents and provides an image of community safety levels.

Indicator 1.3: Quality Education These indicators show the high school graduation rate of Hillsborough students as well as the percentage of students who continue on to higher education or technical training. These indicators provide a comparison to the quality of the education system in Hillsborough over time and to the State and County as a whole.

Indicator 1.4: Cost of Living This indicator shows the percent of household income that the average Township resident would spend on a new home. It compares median household income to the average house value in Hillsborough and helps to show the cost of living and owning a home in the Township.

Indicator 1.5: Diversity These indicators show age and household income level diversity. These indicators help to illustrate the accessibility of the community to people of different ages and income levels.

Indicator 1.6: Death Rate by Heart Disease This indicator shows the percentage of total deaths that are attributable to heart disease for bought Hillsborough Township and Somerset County from 1998 -2003.

Goal 2: Environment

Indicator 2.1: Land Use This indicator shows the quantity of forestland, wetland and agricultural land in the Township and the quantity of developed urban land. This indicator helps to monitor land use changes over time.

Indicator 2.2: Air Quality This indicator tracks local air quality by monitoring the presence of harmful gases: ozone and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the lower atmosphere.

Indicator 2.3: Water Quality This indicator tracks local water quality by monitoring the presence and health of freshwater macroinvertebrates in Township streams.

Indicator 2.4: Recycling Rate This indicator shows the weight of recycled materials produced by the average resident in the Township. It also compares the annual recycling rate for Somerset County to that of the State.

Goal 3: Transportation, Mobility & Land Use

Indicator 3.1: Modal Split This indicator shows the type of transportation use by residents of the community, tracking any increases in alternatives to the personal automobile.

Indicator 3.2: Time Spent Commuting This indicator shows the average length of time that residents in the community drive to work each way.

Indicator 3.3: Bicycle & Pedestrian Safety This indicator shows the annual number of bicycle and pedestrian accident involving motor vehicles. It provides an image of the safety of bicycling and walking in the community.

Goal 4: Local Economy

Indicator 4.1: Unemployment Rate This indicator shows the unemployment rate or the percentage of those in the labor force that are without jobs. This indicator compares the unemployment rates of Hillsborough Township, Somerset County, and the State of New Jersey.

Indicator 4.2: Agricultural Economy This indicator shows the total annual acres of assessed farmland as well as the total acres of permanently preserved farmland in the Township over time.

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint

Indicator 5.1: Renewable Energy This indicator shows the total kwh of renewable energy that residents and businesses have signed up for through the New Jersey CleanPower Choice program.

Indicator 5.2: Greenhouse Gas Emissions This indicator shows carbon dioxide emissions related to energy use for municipal operations and for the Township as a whole. As data becomes available in the future, this indicator might also show carbon dioxide emissions related to transportation and methane emissions related to solid waste disposal.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 22 Goal 1: Community

Goal 1: Community

What do we want to achieve? Vision for the future

A Sustainable Hillsborough is a healthy and vibrant community that maintains its traditional rural character while providing access to quality housing, social services and education. It is a community that values diversity, supporting residents of all ages, backgrounds and income levels and promotes a sense of civic pride.

What do we see? Input from residents and community leaders

Hillsborough enjoys a high quality of life with safe streets, an excellent housing stock and many environmental and cultural resources. However, increasing development in the past twenty years in the form of large-scale commercial development and upscale single-family housing is converting rural roads into commercial strips and rolling farmland into high-priced, low-density developments.

Many Hillsborough residents fear that development pressures threaten the Township’s unique rural quality. Others note that the high-priced housing market limits options for low-income residents, seniors and young people. In addition, citizens feel that the town lacks a strong sense of community identity, attributing this sentiment to increasing geographic sprawl.

Hillsborough residents suggested that these trends could be remedied by taking a proactive approach towards maintaining the historical rural qualities of the town and ensuring that community assets are equally available to all residents. They suggested developing an online resident-driven communication forum, increasing community events and volunteerism and in general, strengthening opportunities for neighbor-to-neighbor interaction. All of these ideas point to a healthy, diverse, active, informed, equitable, safe and enjoyable Hillsborough.

Goal 1: Community 23

How are we doing? Indicators of success

• Voter Turnout • Crime Rate • Quality Education • Cost of Living • Diversity • Death Rate by Heart Disease

What are we doing? Actions to achieve this goal

1.1 Vibrant town center. 1.2 Preserve historic resources and rural character. 1.3 Foster community involvement. 1.4 Provide quality housing. 1.5 Improve sustainability awareness & education opportunities. 1.6 Increase entertainment and recreation opportunities.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 24 Goal 1: Community

Indicator 1.1: Voter Turnout

Presidential Local-Only Year Election Years Election Years 1998 41.4% 1999 36.7% 2000 82.5% 2001 54.5% 2002 57.1% 2003 35.0% 2004 82.5% 2005 58.2% 2006 53.7%

Source: Somerset County Clerk, Elections Board

Why Do We Care? Indicator 1.1 displays the percent of registered voters within Hillsborough Township that voted in national and local elections from 1998 to 2006. Elections are the prime way in which the political will of a community is expressed. Local elections allow local communities to set the political agenda for their local area. The more people that vote, the greater the democratic legitimacy of the elected local authority and the greater its scope to claim a mandate for its actions. Tracking voter turnout is an important way to measure community strength by measuring how engaged Hillsborough Township residents are in local government. It may also serve as a proxy for how representative a government is of the local community.

How Are We Doing? In recent presidential election years, Hillsborough has observed an 82.5% rate of voter turnout. In local-only election years, however, voter turnout has fluctuated between 35% and 58.2%. This indicates that residents are making their voices heard in greater numbers on national issues than on issues at the state and local levels. However, this voting pattern parallels statewide and national voter behavior and suggests that Hillsborough is neither performing above or below the average for voter turnout in local elections.

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Indicator 1.2: Crime Rate

Source: NJ State Police Uniform Crime Reports http://www.njsp.org/info/stats.html

Why Do We Care? Indicator1.2 displays the trends in the number of violent, non-violent and total crimes reported per 1,000 residents in Hillsborough from 1997 – 2005. Controlling the incidence of crime within Hillsborough plays an important role in the Township’s objective of building a stronger and more sustainable community. When Hillsborough residents do not feel safe they cannot fully enjoy other features that make the Township a vibrant community. By examining long-term crime rates, the Township can monitor their efforts to reduce crime and increase community strength through policing and other efforts. Finally, the incidence of crime within Hillsborough may also be an indication of other problems affecting the Township, such as unemployment and inadequate educational opportunities.

How Are We Doing? Indicator 1.2 demonstrates that Hillsborough has become a safer place to live since 1997. The Township experienced a steady decline in both total and non-violent crimes from 1997-2000. Its rate of violent crime has also remained steadily low throughout the entire period measured. Since 2000, the total and non-violent crime rate has leveled off and remained stable, with the exception of a small spike in crime during 2003. The low crime rate within Hillsborough indicates that the vast majority of the crimes committed in Hillsborough were of a non-violent nature. It is of note that Hillsborough experienced this decline and leveling off in their crime rate despite a steady increase in the Township’s population.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 26 Goal 1: Community

Indicator 1.3: Quality Education

Source: NJ Dept. of Education, School Report Card; http://www.state.nj.us/education/data/vitaledtoc.htm

Source: NJ Dept. of Education, School Report Card (Includes Military Enrollment)

Goal 1: Community 27

Why Do We Care? Indicator 1.3 displays the graduation rate for Hillsborough High School students from 1997-2006 as well as the percentage of students going on to higher education or technical training from 1998- 2007. A healthy and vibrant community is one in which all residents have access to quality education, worthwhile careers and sufficient wages. In an increasingly competitive job market, a high school education often represents the bare minimum needed to secure employment sufficient to meet everyday needs or progress onto higher education. By monitoring the annual graduation rate at Hillsborough High School and the percentage of students that go onto to higher education and technical training, the Township can track the progress of its residents in achieving career goals and monitor the quality of school instruction. Annual examination will identify any arising need for changes in the schools and will insure that every Hillsborough resident has an opportunity to achieve their educational and career goals. Further, a declining graduation rate or a decrease in the percentage of students pursuing additional degrees and training may be indicative of other community problems such as increased poverty or problems at home.

How Are We Doing? Hillsborough Township has graduated 95% or more of its high school students since 1997. This is indicative of a community dedicated to education and represents a commitment on the part of community members to establishing education as a community priority. Despite a fluctuating graduation rate from 2000-2003 the graph shows a general increasing trend during the past ten years, with Hillsborough graduating nearly 99% of students who entered the 9th grade four (4) years prior. As of four (4) years ago New Jersey factors in all students who drop-out of school during the entirety of high school, rather than only during senior year, when calculating graduation rates. Despite this new methodology, Hillsborough has continued to improve its high school graduation rate during the past ten years. When you compare Hillsborough Township graduation rates and percentage of students going on to higher education to Somerset County and to the State you will find that Hillsborough students have consistently graduated at higher rates and have decided on higher education as the best post graduation option.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 28 Goal 1: Community

Indicator 1.4: Cost of living

Source: Census 1990, 2000

Goal 1: Community 29

Source: Calculated using Census data 1990, 2000

Why Do We Care? A sustainable community offers housing options for residents of a variety of ages, family sizes and income levels. Average house value provides the average property value of each single-family home located within the specified region. Household income is defined as the amount of earnings before taxes aggregated from all individuals living in the same dwelling. The median household income serves as a strong representation of the whole because it balances out any significantly high or low household incomes in an area that may significantly distort the mean value or average. Median Household Income as a Percentage of Average House Value shows the percentage of income attributed to owning a home in Hillsborough Township.

How Are We Doing? Indicator 1.4 shows that the average home value and median household income for Hillsborough Township are higher than that of Somerset County and the State. Hillsborough Township residents also spend a larger percentage of their household income on housing when compared to residents throughout Somerset County and the State. The graph shows that between census years 1990 and 2000 that median household income has kept pace with rising home prices in the Township.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 30 Goal 1: Community

Indicator 1.5: Diversity

Source: Census 1990, 2000

Goal 1: Community 31

Why Do We Care? In a sustainable community people can grow up, raise a family, and retire, without having to leave their community. Similarly, vibrant communities enable people from all backgrounds to be able to live and work locally. Diversity of residents in a community is a key component of social and economic sustainability. Residents of diverse ages and socioeconomic backgrounds represent the diverse demographics of the state of New Jersey and the United States. Furthermore, a sustainable economy is dependent on a labor force of individuals of various education levels and skill sets. Age Diversity of Residents illustrates the percentage of Hillsborough residents belonging to each age cohort for both 1990 and 2000. Household Income Diversity shows the percentage of Hillsborough households in each income bracket for 1990 and 2000.

How Are We Doing? Age Diversity of Residents shows a few stark changes in the age demographic of the community. The percentage of Hillsborough residents between 25 and 34 years old dropped from 21% to only 13%, and the percentage of residents ages 45 through 54 increased from 11% to 16% from 1990 to 2000. There were no major changes in the remaining age cohorts. These trends illustrate the complaint voiced in community forums: that young people have a harder time moving to or remaining in Hillsborough Township, particularly those recent college graduates and young professionals. There does not seem to be any discrepancies among senior residents, as the 65 and over range actually increased from 1990 to 2000.

Household Income Diversity also illustrates major shifts in the household income range in Hillsborough Township. The percentage of residents earning $25,000 to $74,999 decreased significantly from 1990 to 2000, while the percentage of residents earning $75,000 and up increased significantly. When reviewing these statistics, it is also important to note that the household income ranges in Hillsborough Township, Somerset County and the state of New Jersey are inordinately high compared to national averages. The 2000 median household income for Hillsborough in 2000 was $83,290, for Somerset County $76,933 and for New Jersey $55,146, compared with the national median of $41,994.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 32 Goal 1: Community

Indicator 1.6: Death Rate by Heart Disease

Sources: New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, New Jersey State Health Assessment Data http://njshad.doh.state.nj.us/welcome.html Population Estimates: Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network http://www.wnjpin.state.nj.us/OneStopCareerCenter/LaborMarketInformation/lmi02/index.html# mun

Why Do We Care? Indicator 1.6 displays the number of deaths per capita attributed to heart disease in Hillsborough Township and Somerset County from 1999-2003. Healthy lifestyle choices, such as regular exercise and a healthy diet, play a major role in preventing heart disease. This indicator helps to show the extent to which Township residents are practicing healthy lifestyles. Regular monitoring will help Hillsborough Township determine how actions taken by the municipality and community are working to increase the health of residents.

How Are We Doing? In general, there are fewer deaths per capita in Hillsborough Township caused by heart disease than in all of Somerset County. However, it is possible that these patterns are due in part to the relative age structure within the Township and County rather than the general health of residents. After an increase in 2001, the rate of deaths attributed to heart disease in Hillsborough Township followed a decreasing trend, while the rate for the County has been decreasing slightly since 2000. In Hillsborough Township, between one and two people out of 1,000 die from heart disease, while the number is closer to 2-3 people for the County. In the future, it would be good to understand how gender and ethnicity affect these statistics and to inform the best methods for management and prevention.

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Goal 1: Community

Action Plan

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 34 Goal 1: Community

1.1 Create a vibrant town center.

1. Establish a town center and encourage high density, mixed-use development within its boundaries. (Underway) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township suffers from sprawling development patterns that consume open space and contribute to an automobile-dependent community. Sprawl also disconnects residents socially as well as geographically. Hillsborough Planning Department has responded to this issue by initiating a plan for a town center containing ground floor retail and high density residential development. The idea is to create a pedestrian-friendly business corridor that provides a traditional “downtown” experience. The recommendation for a Town Center was first discussed in the 1999 Master Plan Amendment and refined in the 2005 Master Plan Amendment. A Town Center District has been established in a subsequent zoning amendment. The town center must be implemented by securing investors to fulfill the requirements with an appropriate, unique design and development project.

Definition of Success Percent of town center zone developed according to plan. Density rate of residential, retail and commercial development in town center (square feet per acre).

1.2 Preserve historic resources and rural character.

1. Increase awareness of and access to historic sites and structures in the Township. (Underway) COMMUNITY GOAL TASK FORCE, HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION, COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS, MILLSTONE VALLEY SCENIC BYWAY CORRIDOR MANANGEMENT COMMITTEE

In addition to historic designation, it is imperative to develop public awareness and appreciation of historic sites. By marketing its historic qualities and sites such as the Hillsborough Reformed Church, the Township can promote community pride as well as attract visitors.

Tactics to increase awareness include: • Install historic signage and directional / advertising signage for visitors under the Township’s wayfinding ordinance. • Create a marketing plan for local historic sites (printed, electronic, etc.). • Produce educational literature on local historic sites (printed, electronic, etc.). • Garner local and regional press coverage of historic sites. • Celebrate local history with public event featuring one or more sites. • Develop a historic homes or historic sites tour.

Definition of success Number of annual visitors to historic sites and structures in Hillsborough.

Goal 1: Community 35

1.3 Foster community involvement.

1. Develop an interactive Sustainable Hillsborough Website (www.sustainablehillsborough.org). (Underway) STEERING COMMITTEE, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Many Hillsborough residents noted a communication disconnect in the community. An interactive website can provide the means for residents, community groups and local officials to exchange information and ideas on sustainability initiatives. The current Sustainable Hillsborough website can be accessed at www.sustainablehillsborough.org. When completed, the website will serve as the virtual home for the Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2008. In addition, the website will serve as a clearing house of sustainability information for members of the community. The Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee will be responsible for updating the website on a regular basis.

2. Develop a “Green Map of Hillsborough Township.” (Priority) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, STEERING COMMITTEE

Green Maps are locally created environmentally themed maps which plot the locations of a community’s natural, cultural and sustainable resources such as recycling centers, heritage sites, community gardens, bike and running trails, and green businesses. A Green Map of Hillsborough Township can provide residents, newcomers and visitors a guide to local green options. Online and print version can be developed and posted to the Sustainable Hillsborough website and distributed at local businesses.

Definition of Success Development of Green Map Number of hits to the Green Map site

Resources Baltimore Green Map http://www.baltogreenmap.org/ Santa Monica Green Map http://www.lagreenmap.org/ Green Apple Map http://www.greenapplemap.org Seattle Green Map Project http://www.seattlegreenmap.net

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 36 Goal 1: Community

1.4 Provide quality housing. See future actions list in Appendix B.

1.5 Improve sustainability awareness & education opportunities.

1. Establish a Sustainability Team made up of school administrators, teachers, staff, facilities managers, and student leaders at Hillsborough Schools. (Underway) SCHOOL DISTRICT, SUSTAINABLE HILLSBOROUGH STEERING COMMITTEE

Information and enthusiasm about sustainability can be disseminated throughout the community by engaging students both inside and outside the classroom. Teachers can incorporate sustainability issues into the existing curricula, school facilities managers can work with students and staff to green school facilities and operations, and school policies and programs can be established to teach students environmental stewardship. The Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee can work with the Superintendent of Schools, the Science supervisor for the Board of Education, extracurricular groups such as Leaders of the HHS / HMS Debate, Lego League and Robotics programs, and others to share ideas and develop plans for incorporating sustainability into school policies, programs, and projects.

Sustainable School Initiatives may include: • Local and Sustainable Food Programs • Composting Programs • Green Purchasing • Waste Reduction & Recycling Programs • Energy & Water Audits and Action Plans (Somerset County Energy Audit Grant Program) • School Gardens and Outdoor Classrooms • Walking Bus Programs • Tracking Sustainability Indicators • Development of a Sustainable School Action Plan • Green Challenge Program

Definition of success Creation of a sustainability team made up of school administrators, teachers, staff, facilities managers, and student leaders at Hillsborough Schools at every public school.

Resources Energy Star for K-12 School Districts http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=k12_schools.bus_schoolsk12 Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center- School Buses http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/fleets/school.html Sustainable Table http://www.sustainabletable.org/schools/ School Compost Manual for Connecticut Schools http://www.ct.gov/dep/lib/dep/compost/compost_pdf/schmanual.pdf Princeton School Gardens Cooperative http://www.prs.k12.nj.us/GardenCoop/ Healthy Kids Grant 2009

Goal 1: Community 37

2. Establish a student volunteer program with local businesses and organizations. (Priority) SCHOOL DISTRICT, SUSTAINABLE HILLSBOROUGH STEERING COMMITTEE

Young people who are involved in community projects have more potential to pursue further education and careers and can more easily avoid pitfalls such as drugs, crime and violence. Sustainable Hillsborough can work with local schools to promote and/or mandate (such as through a service learning program) volunteerism for students. Local businesses, community groups and faith-based organizations can all serve as volunteer settings for the program. The Sustainable Hillsborough Steering Committee could recruit students for community clean-up days, work at community gardens, or tree planting initiatives. The SC could also recruit student volunteers to join the Steering Committee to come with their own ideas on how to best engage peers in community sustainability efforts.

Definition of success Growing number of student volunteer hours made available and utilized in the community

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 38 Goal 2: Environment

Goal 2: Environment

What do we want to achieve? Vision for the future

A Sustainable Hillsborough preserves the local, regional and global environment through sustainable land use measures, wildlife management, water conservation, stormwater management, waste reduction, improvement in air quality and the development of an environmentally aware citizenry. It encourages: • Increased biodiversity • Reduction of invasive species • Preservation of natural resources and features • Human interaction that embraces nature

What do we see? Input from residents and community leaders

Hillsborough Township is renowned for its abundant open space, including the Sourland Mountain slopes, traditional farmland and high groundwater recharge areas. In 2002, Hillsborough contained over 8,000 acres of agricultural land, 9,000 acres of forest and nearly 5,500 acres of wetlands within its borders. In addition, Hillsborough borders the Raritan River, contains 340 acres of water and feeds three regional aquifer basins: the Millstone River, North Branch Raritan and South Branch Raritan.

Hillsborough residents and elected officials have worked hard to prioritize land preservation, creating the Mountain and Agricultural Preservation Zones in 1999 to maintain a large portion of its natural spaces. However, as the state of New Jersey grows its economy and population. Additionally, telltale signs of the environmental impacts from suburban development are obvious to the eye and clearly measurable. In a comprehensive Characterization and Assessment of the Royce Brook Watershed performed by the Stony Brook Millstone Watershed Association, it concluded that critical habitats were rated as marginal and water quality as moderately Goal 2: Environment 39

impaired, this being the primary basin which flows through the most densely developed portions of Hillsborough and neighboring municipalities.1

Hillsborough residents sense the significant impact their lifestyles have on both local and global air quality, water quality and land uses. They voiced concern for adopting more environmentally friendly practices to protect their own health as well as that of future generations. This goal addresses the concerns of citizens and town officials for preserving the environment of Hillsborough as well as natural resources on a worldwide level.

How are we doing? Indicators of success

• Land Use • Air Quality • Water Quality • Recycling Rate

What are we doing? Actions to achieve this goal

2.1 Promote preservation and stewardship of open space. 2.2 Preserve and monitor ecology and wildlife. 2.3 Conserve water and improve stormwater management. 2.4 Encourage recycling and waste reduction. 2.5 Reduce light pollution.

1 Stony Brook Millstone Watershed Association. “Characterization and Assessment of the Royce Brook Watershed.” http://www.thewatershed.org/images/uploads/Royce_Brook_C&A_Text.pdf

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 40 Goal 2: Environment

Indicator 2.1: Land Use

Source: Somerset County Planning Department

Why Do We Care? Land preservation is key to maintaining the rural qualities of Hillsborough as well as its unique natural environment for future generations. Furthermore, agricultural lands, forest areas, and wetlands help to provide areas that drain naturally to replenish underground aquifers, reduce the amount of stormwater runoff, provide habitat for wildlife and of course prime soils for agricultural usage. Green spaces also help reduce the effects of urban heat islands by reducing local temperatures and reduce global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide.

How Are We Doing? Indicator 2.1 shows the percentage of the Township in agricultural, forest, wetlands, and urban areas. The chart shows a decline in agricultural lands in the years between 1986 and 2002, which follows falling farmland trends throughout the State. Forest lands have remained relatively unchanged and wetland areas have increase slightly in light of a steady increase in development of the urban environment during the same time period. By encouraging green building and development in established urban areas, the Township can continue to preserve contiguous tracts of agricultural, forest, and wetland areas.

Goal 2: Environment 41

Indicator 2.2: Air Quality

Source: NJ DEP http://www.state.nj.us/dep/airmon/oz1tbl.htm

Source: NJ DEP http://www.state.nj.us/dep/airmon/oz8tbl.htm

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 42 Goal 2: Environment

Why Do We Care? Ozone, when it is in the upper atmosphere, helps protect us from harmful ultraviolet rays. However, ground level ozone has many damaging effects on our health and environment. It is responsible for 500 million dollars of crop damage each year in the United States and can exacerbate preexisting conditions like asthma, heart disease, and bronchitis in humans. Children are at a particularly high risk because their respiratory system is still developing and often spend more time outside during the summer months when ground level ozone is often at its highest levels.

How Are We Doing? The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s (NJ DEP) air monitoring station at Rutgers University tracks the number of times that ozone concentrations in the air exceeded acceptable health standards for more than one (1) hour and for more than eight (8) hours. It also tracks the number of times that the component gases of NOx, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, exceed an acceptable 12-month average of .053 ppm. Despite fluctuations from year to year, the data shows a general decline in both 1-hour and 8-hour ozone exceedances since 1985 and 1998, respectively. There have been no NOx exceedances in the years for which data is available.

Goal 2: Environment 43

Indicator 2.3: Water Quality

Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Impaction Sampling 1994 1999 2004 Water Body Location Impairment Impairment Impairment Neshanic River Rt 514 Moderate Moderate Moderate Dukes Brook Dukes Parkway Moderate - Moderate South Br. Raritan River Studdiford Dr. Nonimpaired Moderate Royce Brook Branch Rt 206 Moderate Moderate Moderate

Source: NJ DEP – Bureau of Freshwater and Biological Monitoring http://www.nj.gov/dep/wms//bfbm/amnet.html

Why Do We Care? Freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates are a critical part of the food chain. They serve as a food source for fish and other aquatic life and they themselves feed on unwanted algae and bacteria, which helps maintain the overall health of our waterways. These organisms also serve as a great way to monitor different levels of pollution because they are rather immobile, are very diverse, and have long life cycles. These attributes are helpful because longevity allows for the detection of past pollution and diversity allows for different responses to different stressors (i.e. sediments, organic pollutants, etc.)

How Are We Doing? Between 1994 and 2004, every five years, the state has tested multiple sampling sites for macroinvertebrates to use as an indicator for the health of a particular waterway. As can be seen in chart above, there has been no noticeable improvement in the Hillsborough Township waterways. On the contrary, the South Branch Raritan River site has actually seen a decline in its quality. The Township can help to improve and maintain water quality by encouraging residents and business to use integrated pest management practices and native landscaping techniques that eliminate the need for pesticides and fertilizers that can seep into nearby water ways. In addition, the Township can encourage natural stormwater management techniques such as rain gardens, bioswales, and vegetative strips that help to slow the speed and purify runoff.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 44 Goal 2: Environment

Indicator 2.4: Recycling Rates

Source: NJ DEP Department of Solid & Hazardous Waste http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dshw/recycling/stats.htm

Source: Hillsborough Health Department

Goal 2: Environment 45

Why Do We Care? Recycling is a key component to community-wide solid waste reduction. An effective recycling program considers the 3 R’s of solid waste reduction (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). By expanding the municipal recycling program in Hillsborough Township and increasing public education, recycling rates can be increased. An effective recycling program will help eliminate the amount of waste being directed into local landfills and help promote a more environmentally-aware citizenry.

How Are We Doing? Indicator 2.4 shows the annual recycling rates at the State and County levels as well as the lbs of materials recycled per resident in Hillsborough Township. Recycling rates are calculated by the following equation:

Solid waste disposal Tonnage + Recycling Tonnage = Generation Recycling Tonnage/Generation= Total Percent Recycle or Recycling Rate

Solid waste data is not regularly reported on the municipal level making municipal recycling rates difficult to calculate. Recycling rates at the county level provide an approximation of the recycling rates at the municipal level. In Somerset County, recycling rates have been consistently below recycling rates of the State as a whole for the years 2000-2006, suggesting that there is room for improvement in Hillsborough Township as well.

The second graph shows the weight recycled per Township resident. Besides a spike in 2005, the lbs of recycled material produced per resident have remained at or close to 250 lbs. However, this graph only shows part of the story. Are residents recycling more or just producing more waste to be recycled? To understand the complete story, total recycled materials must be compared to solid waste trends. The Township can work with the County and Department of Environmental Protection Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste to establish a monitoring and tracking system for solid waste and recycling collection data at the municipal level. This data can be used to provide the community with feedback on their waste reduction and recycling efforts and inform necessary improvements.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 46 Goal 2: Environment

Goal 2: Environment

Action Plan

Goal 2: Environment 47

2.1 Promote preservation and stewardship of open space.

1. Maintain an active Township open space and farmland preservation program. (Underway) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, SUSTAINBLE HILLSBOROUGH TASKFORCE

Creating networks of open space and wildlife corridors is important to the environmental vitality of the entire community. Preserving local farmland is important to maintaining local food production capacity and supporting local farmers. The Township utilizes State and County funding sources, the Township open space tax and development options, such as non- contiguous clustering, open lands ratio subdivisions, and Transfer Development Rights (TDR) to preserve open space and farmland. Currently, the Delaware & Raritan Greenway is being considered for the first open space management plan to coordinate the use of several connected open space properties in the Montgomery Road/Long Hill Road area. The Township can establish a preservation target for open space and farmland to help evaluate and improve existing programs. Preservation efforts for open space can be focused on preserving contiguous tracks of land and on preserving lands for both active and passive recreation.

Definition of Success Establish open space and farmland preservation target Ratio of active to passive recreation areas in the Township

Resources Somerset County Open Space Trust http://www.co.somerset.nj.us/Open%20Space.html Friends of Hopewell Valley Open Space http://www.fohvos.org/ NJ Forest Stewardship Program http://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/forest/njfs_private_lands_mgt.html http://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/forest/stw_inc_prog.html http://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/forest/njfs_farm_assess.html

2. Provide information for residents, businesses, schools and community groups on sustainable landscaping practices. (Priority) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, SCHOOL DISTRICT, HOMEONWERS ASSOCIATION, HEALTH DEPARTMENT, ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

By embracing sustainable landscaping methods, the community can take an important step towards a more sustainable lifestyle and a healthier environment.

Suggestions include: • Assess opportunities to incorporate sustainable landscaping requirements into existing ordinances (i.e., native landscaping, soil erosion mitigation plan, integrated pest management (IPM), water conservation) • Provide materials (either printed or online) on sustainable landscaping practices. • Establish a list of landscaping companies that utilize sustainable practices in the Hillsborough Township area. • Host workshops and showcase demonstration projects that utilize sustainable landscaping practices.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 48 Goal 2: Environment

Homeowners associations can: • Establish a sustainable landscaping policy and guidelines for residents. • Contract a landscaping company that adheres to sustainable landscaping principles. • Recommend sustainable landscaping companies to homeowners.

Definition of success Fact sheets on sustainable landscaping posted to Sustainable Hillsborough Website. Annual workshop or demonstration project held on sustainable landscaping practices. Number of homeowner associations that mandate sustainable landscaping or contract with a sustainable landscaping company.

Resources Rutgers Cooperative Extension http://njaes.rutgers.edu/extension/ Native Plant Society of New Jersey http://www.npsnj.org/ Landscaping for Water Conservation: A Guide for New Jersey provides a number of native species and sustainable landscaping practices. http://www.montville-township.org/pdf/e080.pdf Developer’s Checklist for Sustainable Landscaping: www.townofwoodstock.com/Portals/0/Docs/drcchecklist_rev1_11_16_04app.doc NJDEP Office of Planning & Sustainable Communities- Fertilizer Application Model Ordinance http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watershedmgt/DOCS/TMDL/Fertilizer%20Application%20Model%20Or dinance.pdf

2.2 Preserve and monitor ecology and wildlife. See future actions list in Appendix B.

2.3 Conserve water and improve stormwater management.

1. Pass water conservation ordinance and provide information on low- technology rainwater harvesting and reuse techniques. (Priority) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS, ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

The Township can encourage residents and businesses to limit the use of potable water, or other natural surface or subsurface water resources by passing a water conservation ordinance and by providing information on low-technology rainwater harvesting technologies. The Township can promote these technologies by revising Township codes and by providing educational materials and assistance. Residents, businesses, homeowners associations, schools and other groups can all apply these techniques. Suggestions include:

• Revising Township Codes to eliminate roof leaders/sump pump discharges on dwellings and/or buildings to the street and/or storm system and require discharges to rain gardens, dry wells or other stormwater catchments.

• Providing information and assistance on the following green infrastructure techniques: o Rainwater cisterns to irrigate landscaping o Green roofs o Green parking lots o Rain gardens for stormwater catchment and landscaping Goal 2: Environment 49

Definition of Success Revision of township codes regulating rainwater discharge. Number of stormwater catchments installed.

Resources NJDEP Office of Planning and Sustainable Communities- Model Water Conservation Ordinance http://www.nj.gov/dep/opsc/docs/Water_Conservation_ordinance.pdf New York City PlaNYC: Green roofs and green parking incentives: http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/downloads/pdf/report_water_quality.pdf Landscaping for Water Conservation: A Guide for New Jersey http://www.montville-township.org/pdf/e080.pdf Rutgers, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station: Rain Garden Resources http://www.water.rutgers.edu/Rain_Gardens/Rain_Gardens.htm EPA. “Rain Gardens: A How to Manual for Homeowners.” http://www.epa.gov/nps/toolbox/other/wiscon_rgmanual.pdf EPA. Low Impact Development (LID) website http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/

2. Improve stormwater basin management, utilizing the Rutgers Stormwater Basin Enhancement program. (Underway) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS, BUSINESSES

Hillsborough Township can appoint a committee to implement the Rutgers Stormwater Basin Enhancement program and establish ways to evaluate its success. Steps involved in the Rutgers program include:

• Compile design and management standards for stormwater basin revitalization for use by businesses and homeowner associations. • Establish a long-term program for stormwater basin management that includes wildlife habitats, carbon sink and water quality benefits while retaining flood control benefits. • Evaluate the opportunities for a self-funded stormwater utility based on recommendations of the State Stormwater Task Force. Businesses and homeowners can adopt stormwater basin management standards complied as part of this action.

Definition of Success Establishment of team and implementation of Rutgers Stormwater Basin Enhancement program. Establish stormwater targets and indicators to track progress on an ongoing basis. Number of businesses and homeowner associations that have adopted stormwater basin management standards.

Resources Rutgers Water Resource Program http://www.water.rutgers.edu/ NJDEP Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual http://www.njstormwater.org/bmp_manual2.htm Guide for Municipal Stormwater Plans in NJ http://www.thewatershed.org/images/uploads/SBMWA_Municipal_Stormwater_Plan_Guide.pdf City of Rockville, MD Sediment Control and Stormwater Management Regulations http://www.rockvillemd.gov/residents/stormwater/SWM-regulations.pdf http://www.rockvillemd.gov/residents/stormwater/guidelines.htm

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 50 Goal 2: Environment

3. Implement passive stormwater management techniques, utilizing the Stony- Brook Millstone Watershed Association (SBWMA) River Friendly Program. (Underway) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS

The SBWMP River-Friendly Certification Program is designed to provide education and information to residents, businesses, and golf courses on nonpoint source (NPS) pollution reduction and best management practices focused on the landscape. The program aims to protect the local environment and reduce the amount of chemicals entering water bodies. The Township can appoint a committee to work with the SBWMP to encourage participation in the program among private property owners in the community. Suggestions include:

• Providing incentives for stormwater improvements that utilize passive means of treatment and recharge. • Hosting educational workshops in partnership with the SBWMP. • Partnering with private sector sponsors and securing additional funding for marketing the River Friendly program in the Township.

Definition of Success Percentage of private lands certified by the SBWMA River Friendly program.

Resources Stony Brook Millstone Watershed Association http://www.thewatershed.org/river_friendly_program.php

2.4 Encourage recycling and waste reduction.

1. Improve monitoring of and participation in Township recycling program. (Priority) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, SOMERSET COUNTY SOLID WASTE, BUSINESSES, SCHOOL DISTRICT, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS

The Township currently offers recycling on a variety of items through the Somerset County Recycling Department. In addition, residents can make online trades or inquiries for goods and services that they may be looking for or want to get rid of through an online network called Somerset County Freecycle http://groups.yahoo.com/group/somersetfreecycle/. However, data for solid waste disposal and recycling rates are not regularly collected on the municipal level, making it hard to evaluate the effectiveness of the Township’s waste reduction and recycling efforts. The Township can work with the County and Department of Environmental Protection Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste to develop a better monitoring and tracking system for solid waste tonnage and recycling rate data and to evaluate opportunities for the following:

• Expand the range of recyclable materials. • Conduct a waste stream analysis to look at what type of materials are currently being thrown away because they cannot be recycled, and what materials could be recycled but are not. • Expand public recycling awareness and knowledge of recycling rules. • Increase recycling in public spaces by providing receptacles and signage. Goal 2: Environment 51

• Increase recycling in municipal buildings. • Mandate recycling for commercial operations (target initial enforcement and outreach efforts at businesses serving or selling food and drinks.)

What businesses, schools and community organizations can do: • Mandate recycling within facilities. • Educate students and employees on proper recycling procedures. • Recycle additional materials, such as toner cartridges, batteries and others via outside sources. • Sponsor a competition to increase recycling rates throughout facilities.

Definition of Success Percentage of waste stream diverted to recycling. Percentage of food / drink establishments providing recycling receptacles.

Resources Somerset County Recycling Department http://www.co.somerset.nj.us/recycle.htmlMercer

2. Develop a home composting pilot program. (Priority) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, SOMERSET COUNTY SOLID WASTE DEPARTMENT

The Township can expand upon Somerset County’s residential composting program (includes composting education and compost bins for county residents) by establishing a pilot residential composting program that recruits households to share their composting success stories and lessons learned with other members of the community. The Township can work with homeowners and businesses to host local tours, how-to-workshops and fact sheets.

Definition of Success Number of households participating in the residential composting program in Hillsborough.

Resources Somerset County Recycling Department- Backyard Composting & Grasscycling http://www.co.somerset.nj.us/recycle.html Somerset County Division of Solid Waste Management, Recycling / Composting Coordinator Melissa Harvey: (908) 231-7109 or [email protected] US EPA, “Compost” http://www.epa.gov/compost/ The Lazy Composter http://www.guvswd.org/compost

2.5 Reduce light pollution.

1. Pass a light pollution reduction ordinance for all new development projects in the Township. (Priority) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, BUILDING DEPARTMENT, BUSINESSES

Hillsborough can reduce light pollution and promote energy conservation in the community by enacting a light pollution reduction ordinance for all new residential and commercial

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 52 Goal 2: Environment

development projects. Illumination standards can be established to prevent negative impacts caused by misdirected or excessive luminance, inappropriate or misaligned light fixtures, glare, light trespass, and skyglow.

Definition of Success Adoption of a light pollution reduction ordinance for both residential and commercial development.

Resources NJDEP Office of Planning & Sustainable Communities- Outdoor Lighting Ordinance Guide http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/Sample_Lighting_Ordinance.PDF New Jersey Light Pollution Study Commission’s Report http://www.uacnj.org/LP/litepol4.htm Hopewell Township, NJ – Light Reduction Ordinance http://www.state.nj.us/dep/opsc/docs/Hopewell_Lighting.PDF

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use 53

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation and Land Use

What do we want to achieve? Vision for the future

A Sustainable Hillsborough is a community spatially oriented to provide clustering of multiple land uses in activity centers, preservation of low-density lands, sustainable transportation options including walking, biking and public transit and greater overall physical access between residential areas, retail services, employment centers and cultural and natural resources.

What do we see? Input from residents and community leaders

Hillsborough is a predominantly residential community where many people commute to work outside of the Township. Hillsborough Township does not contain any major form of public transportation, and thus the personal automobile is the primary mode of transportation. The transportation network in Hillsborough consists of rural roads cutting through open space and residential areas; commercial roads servicing retail and office uses, and smaller residential streets connecting developments.

As Hillsborough has grown and sprawling development has taken place throughout Central New Jersey, traffic in Hillsborough has increased rapidly. Hillsborough also provides two major arterial highways for through traffic in the region: Route 206, running north-south and County Road 514 / Amwell Road. On Route 206 in particular, high traffic volumes during peak hour cause strain for residents as well as commuters.

Hillsborough Township has already begun to address many of its transportation issues. First, the Township is planning a by-pass of Route 206 to decrease traffic congestion as well as to help facilitate a traditional “Town Center” of residential and retail uses. This will serve as an alternative venue opposing the typical big-box commercial uses along the arterial.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 54 Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use

Similarly, the Township has revised the zoning in its former Corporate Development Zone to direct new development into the Town Center and is exploring tactics such as Transfer of Development rights to preserve lands in these and other areas formerly zoned for commercial development.

Additionally, New Jersey Transit has proposed a West Trenton Passenger Rail line that would create a stop in Hillsborough Township. The line would run from Trenton to Newark and would predominantly serve as a “park and ride” transportation option for local commuters. The Township is also planning a Transit Oriented Village surrounding the train station. All of these land use initiatives have the goal of increasing mixed-use, high-density development to promote pedestrianism, concentrate infrastructure, develop transportation links and preserve outlying lands.

Despite these advances, Hillsborough has a long way to go towards a more sustainable transportation, mobility and land use system. For instance, residents have voiced that they would like to see some form of public transportation within the township—even in the form of a single loop bus. On the other hand, there are many rideshare services that could be more widely used in the Township. Pedestrian amenities (including sidewalks, street trees, crosswalks and plazas) and bicycle lanes and paths would greatly increase the safety and appeal of the Township’s thoroughfares. Finally, many proponents maintain that the Township’s quaint rural roads and vistas be maintained as low-traffic, low-density regions. Overall, Hillsborough’s steps towards a more connected community can lead to greater mobility options for residents as well as more efficient use of its valuable land resources.

How are we doing? Indicators of success

• Modal Split • Commute Time • Bicycle & Pedestrian Safety

What are we doing? Actions to achieve this goal

3.1 Promote and provide transportation alternatives to the automobile. 3.2 Develop pedestrian and bicycle-friendly streets. 3.3 Create transit linkages. 3.4 Apply Smart Growth design principles to development. 3.5 Reduce carbon emissions and fuel usage linked to the automobile.

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use 55

Indicator 3.1: Modal Split

Source: Census 1990, 2000

Why Do We Care? Transportation is a key element of sustainable land use patterns and lifestyles. Transportation modes range from some of the most resource-intensive, polluting activities, from single-vehicle commuting over long distances to zero-energy, zero-waste healthful activities such as walking and biking. By shifting more and more Hillsborough residents from vehicles to public transportation, bicycles, walking and even carpooling, the Township can reduces its carbon emissions and make the community a safer, more pleasant place to live and work.

How Are We Doing? Indicator 3.1 Transportation to Work Modal Split illustrates both the current modal split of Hillsborough residents and the trends from 1990-2000. The large majority of residents travel to work by driving alone (83% in 1990 and 85% in 2000), while a small number carpool (9% in 1990 and 7% in 2000) and an even smaller number work from home (3% in 1990 and 4% in 2000). The amount of residents who walk to work (1%) did not change from 1990 to 2000, while the amount who bike to work increased from .1% in 1990 to .4% in 2000.

One trend that stands out is the decrease in the percentage of residents who use public transit, from 3% in 1990 to only .6% in 2000. This shows that public transit is becoming increasingly irrelevant in Hillsborough Township and should become a crucial part of the Township’s sustainable transportation efforts. Additionally, the reduction in carpooling from 9% in 1990 to 7% in 2000 illuminates another area where significant improvements can be made.

Overall, the modal split data indicates that Hillsborough must take drastic measures to improve residents’ capabilities to use transportation alternatives to the single-occupancy vehicle for travel to work.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 56 Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use

Indicator 3.2: Time Spent Commuting

Source: Census 1990, 2000

Why Do We Care? Commuting time is an important indicator of quality of life. Shorter commuting times mean greater time to spend with family members and neighbors, participating in exercise and leisure activity and leading productive work time. Long commuting times representative of long- distance single occupancy vehicle commutes contribute to global warming factors as well as air pollutants. Hillsborough Township is a prime target for long commuting times due to the fact that it is primarily a residential community whose residents work in the more metropolitan areas of Central or North Jersey, New York Metro Area or Philadelphia. Commuting outside of Hillsborough Township reduces the opportunity for internal community building as well as removing skilled workers, disposable income and other assets from the local economy. Commuting time is a strong indicator of whether the local balance of employment and residences is functioning well and whether the town economy is providing for local circulation of skills and commerce.

How Are We Doing? Indicator 3.2 Commute Time to Work shows a wide range of commuting times are common in Hillsborough Township, from less than 10 minutes to 90 minutes or more. The greatest percentages of workers spend 30-34 minutes commuting, and this has not changed from 1990 to 2000. It appears that in 2000, the percentage of residents with shorter commuting times (Less than 10 minutes up to 20-24 minutes) increased while the percentage of residents with long commutes (35-44 minutes, 45-59 minutes and more than 90 minutes) decreased. Only one long commute cohort (60-89 minutes) increased from 1990 to 2000. With continued attention to developing local employment opportunities and local transportation options, Hillsborough Township can continue to decrease resident commuting time to benefit the local economy and the global environment. Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use 57

Indicator 3.3: Bicycle & Pedestrian Safety

Source: Hillsborough Township Police Records Department

Why Do We Care? This indicator displays the number of pedestrian and bicycle accidents involving motor vehicles in Hillsborough Township, as reported annually by the police records department. Bicycling and walking offer a viable alternative to driving an individual automobile when concerns for safety and convenience are met. Bicycling and walking provides a means to increase physical activity and health and to reduce the negative environmental impacts of transportation, such as air and noise pollution and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Providing safe routes and fostering safety awareness among bicyclists, pedestrians, and motorists can help to reduce the annual number of accidents and injuries.

How Are We Doing? Between 2003 and 2007 the total number of bicycle and pedestrian accidents involving motor vehicles did not soar above 10 per year. Except for 2006, the number of pedestrian accidents exceeded the number of bicycle accidents suggesting that walking is more dangerous than bicycling in the Township. However, the larger number of pedestrian accidents may simply show that more people walk than bicycle in the community and that the likelihood of being struck by an automobile is greater as a result. This number could also indicate the number and effectiveness of bicycle safety programs compared to pedestrian programs. Regardless, the Township should continue to offer bicycle and pedestrian safety programs through the police department and schools to promote safe walking, biking, and driving habits. In the future, the Township may wish to monitor the miles of contiguous bike lanes/paths and sidewalks. This indicator would show the accessibility and connectivity of biking and walking between various destinations in Hillsborough.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 58 Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation and Land Use

Action Plan

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use 59

3.1 Promote and provide transportation alternatives to the automobile.

1. Assess current means of public transportation in the Hillsborough area (bus train, commuter services, etc.). (Priority) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD, SOMERSET COUNTY TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

Hillsborough Township has very limited means of public transportation. An assessment of available services and the population that uses them will help the Township to better promote such services and to make decisions about future efforts to develop public transportation.

Definition of Success Assessment of public transportation options in Hillsborough and the surrounding region.

Resources Coach USA (Southeastern Somerset County) http://www.coachusa.com/suburban/ NJ Transit www.njtransit.com Somerset County Transportation Services http://www.co.somerset.nj.us/scootdash.html Somerset County Public Transportation Information http://www.beachcomber.com/Somerset/Public/transit.html

2. Lobby for a regional rail access point in the Township. (Underway) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, MAYOR’S OFFICE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

Hillsborough Township will contain one of five proposed stations on the planned New Jersey Transit West Trenton line. The line will run from Trenton, NJ northeast to Newark, NJ, with connections to New York Penn Station and other parts of the NY Metropolitan area. New Jersey Transit released a Draft Environmental Assessment of the project in November 2007, but funding and starting dates for the project are yet to be determined.

Definition of Success Completion of Hillsborough rail station on NJ Transit West Trenton line.

Resources NJ Transit West Trenton Line DRAFT Environmental Assessment http://www.njtransit.com/tm/tm_servlet.srv?hdnPageAction=Project016PDFTo

3. Research current status of plans to reactivate the West Trenton commuter rail line and develop interim plans to encourage development around a regional bus park and ride facility. (Priority) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, MAYOR’S OFFICE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

The 2005 Master Plan Amendment recommends the creation of a Transit Oriented Village around a proposed rail station on the West Trenton commuter rail line, which NJ Transit has indicated may be reactivated in the future. Progress towards the reactivation should be measured and encouraged. In the interim, it has been suggested that a transit ready

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 60 Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use

development could occur around a regional bus park and ride facility. Ridership can be measured as a means of promoting the rail line reactivation, as appropriate. Currently, there is limited bus service serving Hillsborough provided by Somerset County and the Township.

Definition of Success Status update completed on reactivation of West Trenton commuter rail line. Transit ready development study completed.

Resources NJ Transit West Trenton Line http://www.njtransit.com/an_cp_project016.shtml

4. Ensure that the directions distributed for all public buildings and functions contain directions for public transit, walking and biking routes as well as ADA accessibility. (Priority) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, MAYOR’S OFFICE

As a leader in encouraging public transit, walking and biking, Hillsborough Township should provide directions to all of its public spaces and functions via transportation alternatives. This is a significant step in broadening perspectives to transportation alternatives amongst municipal staff and residents.

Definition of success Alternative transportation directions listed on the Hillsborough website as an addendum to every instance of driving directions.

3.2 Develop pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly streets.

1. Continue to provide bicycle safety programs to all residents. (Underway) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, SOCIAL SERVICES, POLICE DEPARTMENT, HEALTH DEPARTMENT

Bicycle Safety programs have always been part of the Township’s policing efforts. They provide information for residents and students on safe bicycling practices and help to encourage safe bicycling in the community. An annual “Bike Rodeo” is held to teach kids about bike safety. The police department sets up an obstacle course mimicking roadways (i.e., stop signs, pedestrian crossings, etc.) and the police officers teach the children how to navigate the course safely. More recently, the program has been expanded to target the adult non-English speaking Spanish community residing in Hillsborough Township. The program may also consider reinforcing bicycle safety concepts and health benefits on the township web page and cable channel on a regular basis.

Definition Number of residents that have attended a bicycle safety workshop.

Resources Hillsborough Township Police Department http://www.hillsboroughpolice.org/services/trainingcommunitypolicing.html Somerset Medical Center ProKIDS program provides bicycle safety training and helmets for school children. (908) 595-2638 http://www.somersetmedicalcenter.com/ Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use 61

2. Integrate bicycle lanes, pedestrian paths, and running trails in the town center and along key thoroughfares. (Underway) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

The Township has established bicycle lanes in various parts of the Township and maintains and expands the sidewalk network on a regular basis. The Town Center and Transit Ready development (once completed) will promote a more bikable and pedestrian friendly atmosphere. A new circulation Plan Element is being discussed that will provide a connected street pattern between Town Center and the adjoining Transit Ready development. This new land use pattern will encourage shared parking and a more pedestrian, rather that auto oriented strip development. In the meantime, the Township can continue to review, inspect and repair existing bike and pedestrian paths to ensure that these routes are safe and connected. The Township can also investigate opportunities to create new networks in key thoroughfares and to require developers to provide bicycle, pedestrian and running amenities in new development proposed within the Town Center. In addition, bike, pedestrian, and running trail maps can be developed and distributed to residents to show alternatives to automobiles and to encourage safe biking, walking, and running with the Township.

Definition of Success Percentage of contiguous bicycle and pedestrian paths in the Township.

Resources NJ Bicycle and Pedestrian Resource Center http://www.njbikeped.org/ NJ Transit- Biking in New Jersey Overview http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/commuter/bike/

3. Coordinate with “Mayor’s Wellness Campaign” to conduct a pedestrian survey. (Priority) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, MAYOR’S OFFICE, HEALTH DEPARTMENT

Pedestrian surveys allow a municipality to enlist community residents to monitor the pedestrian amenities in their own community. The “Mayor’s Wellness Campaign” provides a great opportunity to encourage walking for health as well as sustainability. The following steps indicate how this type of event can be arranged:

• Sponsor a public event and invite volunteers to participate in a community walking survey. • Divide the community into four (or more/less) routes where walking groups will monitor pedestrian conditions. • Develop a walkability survey for groups to note the pedestrian amenities along these routes. • Disperse volunteers, with proper safety visibility gear, either individually or in small groups to gather information. • Hold a celebratory event at the end of the walking survey with refreshments, entertainments, door prizes, etc. for volunteers. • Analyze the results of the walking survey to identify particular routes and intersections that need pedestrian improvements.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 62 Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use

Definition of Success Completion of a participatory pedestrian survey every 5 years.

Resources Mayors Wellness Campaign http://www.mayorswellnesscampaign.org/ Walkability Survey pedestrian survey, Kane County, IL. http://www.co.kane.il.us/dot/COM/Bicycle/FINAL/xC.pdf

3.3 Create transit linkages.

1. Plan new development in areas with pedestrian, street and transit linkages. (Underway) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township is developing a Town Center with an emphasis on pedestrian connectivity and high density as well as pedestrian amenities such as small plazas, parks, street trees, street furniture and first-floor retail. The Transit Oriented Village District, detailed below, will also comply with this action. The Master Plan consultant, Planning Department and Master Plan Subcommittee of the Planning Board have discussed a new road network that will provide connectivity to the Town Center and the Transit Ready development. Typical road cross sections will indicate the various pedestrian amenities and traffic/parking lanes.

Definition of Success Number of residents who live within a five-minute walk from a grocery store, publicly owned open space, transit stop, retail and commercial uses.

Resources Hillsborough Township Master Plan Amendment – Phase 2.

2. Create transit-oriented development around major transportation nodes. (Underway) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township completed plan for a future Transit Oriented Village District in its 2002 Master Plan Phase II Amendment. This transit-oriented village would be centered around the planned West Trenton passenger rail line station. A high-density, mixed-use village within ½ mile of transit facilities containing pedestrian connections to the station, pedestrian plazas, retail uses and an office employment center are included in the plans.

Definition of Success Development of the Transit Oriented Village.

Resources Hillsborough Township Master Plan Amendment – Phase 2.

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation, and Land Use 63

3. Reduce traffic congestion on Route 206. (Priority) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Route 206 supports a tremendous volume of traffic during weekday peak periods and typically all day on weekends. While the Route 206 By-Pass located between the Somerville Borough limit and Brown Avenue lends itself to a certain degree of congestion relief, it does not solve the entire problem and only shifts the burden southward. The following examples illustrate how congestion on Route 206 may be reduced through modified regulations and directional signage.

• Vehicle traffic northbound on Route 206 can completely by-pass the most congested section of Route 206 by utilizing Raider Blvd., Auten Road, New Center Road and Dukes Parkway West. Posting signs to guide motorists would likely assist with this objective. The reverse route could apply for southbound traffic starting at Dukes Parkway West. • Eliminate the 4-Ton Weight Limit on Valley Road to allow truck traffic to access the industrial section to and from Route 206. The 4-Ton weight limit was originally established due to an inadequate structure over a stream, which has since been replaced and has no weight limitations. Allowing truck traffic on Valley Road would remove trucks from the highway at earlier points before reaching Triangle Road and Dukes Parkway West, thereby reducing volume and easing congestion on the highway. • Install protected Left Turn Signals at various signalized intersections on Route 206 that handle high volumes of intersecting traffic, thereby reliving traffic on the main intersecting roads.

Definition of Success Visible reduction in traffic during peak hours along Route 206

3.4 Apply Smart Growth principles to development. See future actions list in Appendix B.

3.5 Minimize parking requirements throughout the Township. See future actions list in Appendix B.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 64 Goal 4: Local Economy

Goal 4: Local Economy

What do we want to achieve? Vision for the future

A Sustainable Hillsborough has a strong, diversified economy that provides ample employment opportunities by promoting sustainable economic sectors such as small- scale local businesses, agriculture, green products and services and tourism.

What do we see? Input from residents and community leaders

Hillsborough’s economy was historically founded on agriculture, yet in the twentieth century the Township has seen growth in retail, industrial and white-collar businesses. In 2002, Hillsborough Township outlined specific measures to grow its research and development field as a logical link to light industrial uses and designated a “Corporate Center” to cater to office-based businesses. Hillsborough envisions itself as not only a residential community but a mixed-use employment center that ideally provides appropriate jobs for its own inhabitants.

Hillsborough residents echo these concerns for economic growth and employment opportunities and add to them concerns for social and environmental responsibility. Citizens see the town’s agriculture tradition as a ripe opportunity to revive a sustainable form of economic development. They also express the desire to the increase the local business economy and provide Hillsborough residents more varied opportunities to shop within their own community.

Finally, many Hillsborough residents and community leaders note the potential of the region as a tourist destination. From its historic sites to its attractive farms and green spaces, Hillsborough contains many niche attractions within its borders. Citizens want to see these destinations, as well as the impending Town Center retail district, marketed to local and regional residents. This goal provides suggestions for growing Hillsborough’s agricultural economy, local businesses, green businesses and tourism economy. Goal 4: Local Economy 65

How are we doing? Indicators of success

• Unemployment Rate • Agricultural Economy

What are we doing? Actions to achieve this goal

4.1 Foster the local agricultural economy. 4.2 Support small-scale, locally-owned businesses. 4.3 Develop a strong eco-tourism economy. 4.4 Encourage green business development.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 66 Goal 4: Local Economy

Indicator 4.1: Unemployment Rate

Source: US Dept. of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Why Do We Care? The local unemployment rate serves as a good indicator of the economy’s state. Unemployment rates are determined by the percentage of those in the labor force that are without jobs. High unemployment rates would indicate a slowing of the growth of the economy and low unemployment rates indicate the opposite. In addition, higher unemployment rates could also have an effect on the rates of consumption of local residents, as they would have less spending power while searching for a job, and thus local businesses might see a decline in spending habits.

How Are We Doing? Indicator 4.1 shows that Hillsborough has consistently had a significantly lower unemployment rate in comparison to the entire State of New Jersey. Between 1990 and 1999, the Hillsborough unemployment rate was on par with the Somerset County rates, and actually fell below the County averages between 2000 and 2007. Considering the current economic volatility throughout the financial markets, it is no surprise that the unemployment rates for Hillsborough have begun to climb between 2007 and July 2008. This indicator is especially important because it serves as an opportunity for local officials to re-evaluate the efficient utilization of the labor pool in relation to the jobs and industries that are currently in Hillsborough. Evaluating the retail and manufacturing industries that currently operate in Hillsborough, would serve to highlight where there are deficiencies in job availability. Effective business incentives could bring in new services and jobs to begin offsetting the increasing unemployment rate, while simultaneously boosting the local tax base.

Goal 4: Local Economy 67

Indicator 4.2: Agricultural Economy

Source: Somerset County Planning Department

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 68 Goal 4: Local Economy

Why Do We Care? Preservation of agricultural land by the Township helps to support local farmers whose land would otherwise be overpriced and overtaxed as real estate values rise across the County and the State. High real estate values lend to development pressures that would give Hillsborough farmers the incentive to sell their land to developers. Farmland preservation has many of the environmental benefits of open space while also helping to develop a local food economy. As oil prices rise and food imports are jeopardized by both shortages and trade policies, local food sources provided by high quality soils and preserved land will become a crucial asset for the Township. Fostering the amount of locally produced food decreases the dependency on remote supply sources. The protection of local production reduces reliance on chain food businesses that may incorporate uncontrolled and unmonitored growth policies and rely on fossil-fuel transportation methods. In a larger scope, the preservation of Farmland will ensure the Garden State remains as a national and global producer of garden and crop items.

How Are We Doing? The total acres of assessed farmland, 2000-2007 shows a downward trend between the years 2000 and 2003, and a slight upward trend through the years 2003-2007. The Township can continue to take preventative measures to support local farmers and retain local agricultural resources in the community. The acres of permanently preserved farmland, 1986-2007 illustrates the Township’s continued efforts to preserve local farmland, with a total of 2,397 preserved acres in 2007. If these actions continue, the Township may be able to stabilize its farmland acreage in the near future through preservation efforts and other local farm support. The increasing preservation trend is relative to the total acres of farmland that is available to be preserved. The Township is aware of this fact as they have curtailed the reduction in acres of farmland with almost a 1000 acre increase in the past four years. The increasing trend in preserved farmland supports the overall protection and growth of farmland in Hillsborough. At this rate, in only a matter of approximately 20 years the only farmland in Hillsborough that would exist would be Permanently Preserved Farmland. Goal 4: Local Economy 69

Goal 4: Local Economy

Action Plan

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 70 Goal 4: Local Economy

4.1 Foster the local agricultural economy.

1. Support local and regional distribution of agricultural products. (Underway) AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, LOCAL FARMERS, SCHOOL DISTRICT

Hillsborough has a Right to Farm provision and encourages local farmers to establish markets and other retail related businesses. By nurturing and expanding its local agricultural economy, Hillsborough Township helps local farmers to preserve their land, increase their revenue and grow the local economy. At the same time, Hillsborough residents receive greater availability of fresh, nutritious produce.

Next steps: • Develop community farmers’ markets in the Township and broader region. • Provide marketing (printed and online) for local markets (such as a map of farmers’ markets, roadside stands and such as pick-your-own locations). • Form cooperative food buying groups, where participants pay a weekly, monthly or annual fee for a weekly supply of produce from local farms. • Develop Community Supported Agriculture programs, where buyers make a seasonal investment in the farm in exchange for a seasonal supply of farm products. • Network with local restaurants to provide direct marketing of local produce and meat products. • Coordinate linkages between local farms and regional distributors.

What farms can do: • Develop a “locally produced” marketing program. • Develop a cooperative or CSA program, where members can work on the farm or volunteer to pay for part of their food supply. • Obtain organic certification. • Implement sustainable farming methods. • Host seasonal festivals and events such as fall harvest festivals. • Partner with local schools to provide educational farm tours and supply cafeterias with produce.

What residents can do: Purchase foods locally through: • Direct farmers’ markets. • Grocery stores that carry local produce, meat products and seafood. • Restaurants that sell local produce, meat products and seafood. • Participate in a Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) food buying club.

What homeowners associations and community groups can do: • Develop local food purchasing cooperatives in neighborhoods.

Definition of Success Number of Hillsborough farms that participate in community markets. Number of Hillsborough farms that participate in cooperative marketing (website, literature, etc.). Number of CSA shares sold annually by Hillsborough farms. Value of Hillsborough local agriculture economy.

Goal 4: Local Economy 71

Resources Jersey Fresh searchable database of roadside markets, pick your own farms, community farmers markets and agri-tourism events and attractions: http://www.state.nj.us/jerseyfresh/index.html Jersey Grown Agricultural retailers: http://www.jerseygrown.nj.gov/ Jersey Seafood: Fresh Seafood Availability & Forecast Report http://www.jerseyseafood.nj.gov/ Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA) resources: http://www.localharvest.org/csa/ http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/csa/csa.shtml

4.2 Support small-scale, locally owned businesses.

1. Initiate a “Small Business Development” program. (Underway) LOCAL ECONOMY GOAL TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION

By supporting small-scale businesses, Hillsborough Township can help grow a diverse local economy. A Small Business Development program can provide technical assistance to new local businesses. This project can partner with the NJ Small Business Development center (SBDC) at Raritan Valley Community College.

Definition of success Number of new small businesses initiated through the Small Business Development program.

Resources: NJ Small Business Development Centers http://www.njsbdc.com/ SBDC at Raritan Valley Community College, serving Somerset County: 908-526-1200 ext. 8515 or ext. 8516 City of Austin, TX Small Business Center http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/sbdp/aboutsbdp.htm Longwood, VA Small Business Development http://www.longwood.edu/sbdc/

2. Develop a “local currency program” to promote local businesses and tourism. (Priority) LOCAL ECONOMY GOAL TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, TOURISM OPERATIONS

Hillsborough can support its local economy by collectively marketing the value of its local attractions, such as historic structures and sites, parks and reserves, nature tourism operations, agritourism, bed and breakfast venues, specialized tours, restaurants, and shops. Suggestions include: • Promote local tourism operations and business via the Township website or community- based marketing program (see 4.3.2).

Definition of Success Revenue of local tourism operation economy. Amount of funding acquired by local tourism operations.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 72 Goal 4: Local Economy

Resources: Visit New Jersey http://www.state.nj.us/travel/ Skylands of NJ Tourism Council http://www.skylandstourism.org/ NJ Agritourism http://www.visitnjfarms.org/ Somerset County Business and Visitor Center 908-218-4300 www.scbp.org Somerset County Historic & Tourism Sites http://www.scbp.org/visit/tourism.pdf BerkShares http://www.berkshares.org/

4.3 Develop a strong eco-tourism economy.

1. Partner with local farms to encourage agritourism opportunities for residents and visitors. (Underway) PARKS & RECREATION, SUSTAINBALE HILLSBOROUGH STEERING COMMITTEE

Agritourism or ‘farm tourism’ can serve as a vehicle to support local agriculture and create cultural connections to the Hillsborough agrarian community. Local farms such as Norz Hill Farm, Duke Farms, and Doyle’s Farm can continue to provide family-oriented recreational and educational activities and opportunities to learn about the production of food and agricultural products and the community’s rich farming heritage. Activities may include hayrides, corn mazes, pick-your-own operations, farm stands, school tours, agricultural fairs, farm festivals, winery tours and horseback riding.

Definition of success Annual agritourism calendar of events.

Resources Jersey Fresh http://www.state.nj.us/jerseyfresh/ Duke Farms http://www.dukefarms.org/ Norz Hill Farm http://www.norzhillfarm.com/ Doyle’s Farm http://www.doyles-farm.com/

2. Partner with the Millstone Valley Scenic Byway Corridor Management Committee to establish National Scenic Byway. (Priority) ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, PARKS & RECREATION, SUSTAINABLE HILLSBOROUGH STEERING COMMITTEE

The Millstone Valley Scenic Byway Corridor Management Committee is working to establish the Millstone Valley Scenic Byway as a National Scenic Byway. After the submission of a final plan, Goal 4: Local Economy 73

the byway will be established as a State Scenic Byway. The basis for establishing it as a National Scenic Byway includes the following:

• It is a “Crossroads of the Revolution”. (This can tie into the historical preservation part of the plan as well.) Hillsborough will have to partner with the surrounding towns, which ties into 4.3 Section 2: “Establish a regional tourism marketing program.” • There are ecologically sensitive areas along the byway. There are three major landform features: escarpment, which forms the wall of the valley, rolling terrain and flat terrain. The valley is a natural reservoir for water. There are diverse land uses such as second growth woodlands, pasture and residential communities.

The Township can support the efforts of the Millstone Valley Scenic Byway Corridor Management Committee and inform residents about the importance of the scenic byway designation for preserving and enhancing the natural and cultural resources in the Township.

Definition of Success Designation of Millstone Valley Scenic Byway as a National Scenic Byway

Resources National Scenic Byway Program http://www.byways.org/ New Jersey Scenic Byways http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/community/scenic/millstone.shtm

4.4 Encourage green business development.

1. Develop a program to assist the development of new, potential and existing environmental-themed and otherwise sustainable businesses. (Priority) LOCAL ECONOMY TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, LOCAL BUSINESSES

Hillsborough Township can move towards community sustainability by promoting businesses that adhere to an ethic of environmental and social responsibility. Examples include: resource recycling, green product manufacturing and distribution, “cottage” craft industries, small-scale food production or processing, sustainable horticulture and gardening businesses, green architecture, green landscaping services, holistic health services, alternative transportation services, pollution remediation services and others.

What the municipality can do: • Develop a set of tools for local businesses work towards sustainability. These may include tips for reducing energy usage, conserving water, green building and environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP). • Provide workshops to educate businesses on sustainability tactics. • Assist businesses in developing long-term sustainability plans. • Develop a cooperative buying club for purchase of goods through sustainable businesses. • Research and provide information on possible funding opportunities.

What businesses can do: • Develop a sustainability plan for business operations and products. Tactics include:

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 74 Goal 4: Local Economy

• Reduce energy usage through energy efficient retrofits, purchase of renewable power, and energy conservation strategies. • Utilize green building and sustainable landscaping techniques on new and existing sites. • Conserve water with water-efficient retrofits, reduced irrigation and other daily conservation strategies. • Reduce waste by minimizing product packaging, recycling resources used in processing facilities, • Utilize green materials in daily business activities, such as recycled paper, low-toxic cleaning products and other environmentally-preferred products. • Contribute to local organizations that benefit the community and environment.

What residents can do: • Purchase goods and services from sustainable businesses, both local and national.

Definition of Success Number of environmental-themed businesses in the Township. Value of combined revenue from environmental-themed businesses (or percentage of total local economy).

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint 75

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint

What do we want to achieve? Vision for the future

A Sustainable Hillsborough promotes energy conservation and a communitywide reduction in carbon dioxide emissions through strategies such as sustainable building, energy efficiency in buildings, renewable energy sources, alternative fuel and low- emissions vehicles and public education.

What do we see? Input from residents and community leaders

Hillsborough citizens voiced a concern for the growing energy needs of its community and the increasing prices of fossil fuels. Fossil fuel-based energy creates a large environmental burden in the form of extraction and production as well as the pollutants and greenhouse gases in its emissions.

Residents and community leaders alike see the realm of green building as a poignant and imperative step towards a more sustainable community. Sustainable building practices prioritize energy efficiency, renewable materials, stormwater minimization and many other environmental qualities while providing a more healthy working and living environment. In addition, green buildings help to subsidize themselves by reducing long-term utility bills. For all of these reasons, the Sustainable Hillsborough steering committee chose to focus on energy conservation and green building in particular.

Energy efficiency in buildings, fuel efficiency in automobiles and the application of renewable energy resources, such as solar and wind power, are additional tactics towards energy usage reductions. This plan recommends the use of educational tactics, technical assistance and policy incentives to assist individuals as well as businesses to reduce their energy needs. Finally, the municipality itself has chosen to be a leader in this effort by addressing the energy usage of its own buildings and vehicle fleet.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 76 Goal 5: Carbon & Energy Footprint

On the opposite side of the coin of energy usage, the global warming emissions related to energy production are a growing concern for individuals and community leaders across the globe. Hillsborough Township would like to emerge as a forerunner in the movement to reduce its carbon footprint by addressing energy conservation in residential buildings, commercial buildings, municipal buildings and automobile usage. These measures will all contribute to a more pleasant Hillsborough Township as well as a safer and healthier global environment.

How are we doing? Indicators of success

• Clean & Renewable Energy • Greenhouse Gas Emissions

What are we doing? Actions to achieve this goal

5.1 Promote sustainable building and renovations. 5.2 Increase energy efficiency and energy conservation in buildings. 5.3 Utilize renewable energy sources and technologies. 5.4 Reduce carbon emissions and fuel usage linked to the automobile. 5.5 Provide public awareness and education about energy conservation. Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint 77

Indicator 5.1: Renewable Energy

Source:2 NJ Clean Energy Program Consumer On-Site Renewable Energy (CORE) Paid Projects http://www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/Renewable_Programs/CORE/COREPaidProjects093008.xl

CORE Municipality Electricity (kWh) Installations (kWh) Hillsborough Township 284,502,307 kWh 260,900 kWh

% Electricity from .001% Renewable Energy (CORE)

Why Do We Care? This indicator shows the annual cumulative electricity production capacity installed in Hillsborough Township using photovoltaic technology that produces energy from the sun. Each dot on the graph represents a photovoltaic installation. Producing and consuming energy from fossil fuels has a tremendous negative impact on the environment. Global warming, acid rain, smog, oil spills, and strip mining are some of the many impacts that are a result of our need for cheap energy. But we have a choice. The State of New Jersey allows people to choose clean and renewable electricity that comes from sources such as solar and wind through the CleanPower Choice Program (www.njcleanpower.com). There are also many incentives for people to put solar panels, fuel cells, and geothermal installations right on their homes and businesses.

2 Estimate of annual kWh generation of photovoltaic installations based on New Jersey Clean Energy Office calculations [total KW dc of installed PV multiplied by average yearly production or 1,000 kWh per year]

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 78 Goal 5: Carbon & Energy Footprint

How are we doing? This indicator shows that the Hillsborough Township has increased its solar electricity production capacity from zero in 2003 to close to 261,000 kWh in 2008. During this time, Hillsborough residents have installed 33 Consumer On-Site Renewable Energy (CORE) installations or 223,105 kWh of solar production capacity. Hillsborough businesses have installed 4 CORE projects or enough photovoltaic capacity to produce 37,096 kWh of electricity. New Jersey’s current Renewables Portfolio Standard calls for 16,000 GWh or 22.5% of the State’s electricity supply to come from renewable sources by 2021, including nearly 1,500 GWh (2.12%) from solar.3 Hillsborough’s current solar renewable energy portfolio represents only 1% of total electricity consumption in the Township, as can be seen from the chart above. The Township can establish its own renewable energy goals and further the State’s goals by encouraging individuals and businesses to take advantage of available federal tax credits and utility rebates, grants, and financing to install photovoltaic arrays. Individuals and businesses can benefit both from the production of electricity from photovoltaics and from the sale of Solar Renewable Energy Certificates (SRECs).4

3 Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE). New Jersey Renewables Portfolio Standard. Available at www.dsierusa.org 4 A Solar Renewable Energy Certificate represents the environmental attributes of power produced from solar energy and is sold separately from the electricity. Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint 79

Indicator 5.2: Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Source: Hillsborough 2007 Utility Data; NJ DEP (2008) Draft Greenhouse Gas Inventory5

Why do we care? Carbon dioxide emissions from human activity, mostly the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and large-scale deforestation, is the primary cause of the now famous “greenhouse effect” and global climate change. Experts say that no matter what we do, some warming, and related negative effects, will occur. However, the current consensus among experts is that it is not too late to stop “catastrophic warming” from occurring if we reduce our carbon emission by 20% by the year 2020, and 80% by the year 2050. Failure to do so will result in more flooding, blazing hot summers, tropical diseases, global famine, sea level rises, more intense storms, and ironically droughts in much of New Jersey.

How Are We Doing? This indicator shows CO2 emissions per capita for New Jersey and Hillsborough Township. While the average resident in the Township emits 6.6 MtCO2e each year, which is slightly below the 7.1 MtCO2e emitted annually by the average person in New Jersey, future data collection is necessary to see whether per capita CO2 emission are on the rise in Hillsborough Township.

The graphs below show the total greenhouse gas emissions (in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) produced by various sectors in Hillsborough Township. In 2007, the Township’s total energy related CO2 emissions was 252,661 MtCO2e. This calculation includes CO2 emissions attributed to electricity and natural gas consumption for buildings, street lights, and traffic signals. In order to reach, the State’s 80% greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2020, Hillsborough Township would have to reduce emissions by 50,532 MTCO2e to 202,129 MTCO2e.

5 New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. (2008) Draft New Jersey Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Reference Case Projections 1990-2020. Available for download at http://www.nj.gov/globalwarming/pdf/20080219inventory.pdf [Accessed 20 Oct 2008] Note: NJ CO2 per capita includes CO2 emissions related to Residential, Commercial, and Industrial natural gas usage and statewide electricity- consumption based emissions.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 80 Goal 5: Carbon & Energy Footprint

The first chart shows that the Residential sector is the largest contributor of CO2 emissions (60%), followed by the Commercial sector (28%), and Other (9%), which includes the Industrial sector, street lights, and traffic signals. Together, Schools and Municipal Government represent only 5% of the CO2 emissions in the Township. The second chart represents the percentage of CO2 emissions and total MTCO2e by sector related to electricity (kWh) and natural gas (therm) consumption. This data shows that Residential electricity consumption (36%) is the main source of CO2 emissions followed closely by Residential natural gas usage (23%) and Commercial electricity consumption (21%). This suggests that any effort to reduce CO2 emissions will require participation from individuals and businesses in the Township. As data becomes available, the Township’s carbon footprint can also track CO2 emissions related to solid waste production and transportation.

Sources6: PSEG, JCP&L and South Jersey Energy Utility Data 2007

Sources: PSEG, JCP&L and South Jersey Energy Utility Data 2007

6 CO2 emission factors for electricity based on PJM Regional Average Disclosure Label for 2003. Available for download at: http://www.pjm.com/committees/working-groups/gats/download/2003-gats-discloure-label.pdf [Accessed 20 Oct 2008]. Co2 emission factors for natural gas based on Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates. [117.080 lbs CO2 = 1 Mbtu] Available for download at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/coefficients.html [Accessed 20 Oct 2008] Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint 81

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 82 Goal 5: Carbon & Energy Footprint

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint

Action Plan

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint 83

5.1 Promote sustainable building.

1. Pass Green Building Policies and Ordinances. (Underway) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PUBLIC WORKS, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, BUILDING DEPARTMENT

Green Building is a collection of design, construction, and operation practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative environmental impact of development on the environment and occupants through addressing such issues as energy efficiency, water conservation, indoor air quality, waste reduction and occupant productivity and health. Building green requires an integrated design approach that looks at all components of the building project and evaluates the interrelationships among the building, its specific components, its surroundings, and its occupants.

The Township can take the following steps to encourage green building: a. Establish a Green Building Task Force comprised of representatives from existing volunteer boards, the municipal construction code officer, public works and others to review opportunities to green existing policies and ordinances and to develop new green design policies and ordinances. b. Enact a green building policy for new and major renovations of municipal buildings and facilities. Develop a plan for ongoing energy efficiency upgrades and green retrofits to existing buildings. Focus on strategies that offer short to medium term payback periods (1-7 years). Low to medium cost green building strategies include:

• Installing low flow efficient showerheads and faucet aerators. • Caulking and weatherstriping windows, doors, cracks and holes. • Insulating hot water pipes. • Installing programmable thermostats. • Having a blower door test conducted to assist with air sealing. • Using energy efficient LED lighting fixtures. • Siting buildings according to passive solar design orientation criteria. • Using daylighting strategies. • Installing light colored roofing materials. • Installing an energy efficient hot water tank or tankless hot water heater. c. Continue work of the Green Building Taskforce. Endorse voluntary green building and remodeling guidelines/checklist based on pre-existing green building guidelines or checklists (such as LEED, Green Globes, ENERGY STAR, National Home Builders or Princeton-specific guidelines). These voluntary guidelines can be strictly educational resources; incentive based; and/or point-based guidelines or resources. d. Pass an ordinance to require new and major remodeling projects for commercial and residential buildings to submit a green building checklist as part of the building permit process. e. Train municipal planners, building inspectors, zoning, planning, redevelopment and housing agency officials in green building. The learning curve for green building is often cited as one of the initial barriers and sources of added time and costs to implementing new green building projects. Having a staff trained in green building will facilitate the process of integrating green building into the regular building and site review process. In addition, in the absence of mandatory green building requirements, a review team educated in green

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 84 Goal 5: Carbon & Energy Footprint

building can ask questions to encourage developers, builders and homeowners to consider green alternatives to proposed projects:

• Advertise local green building workshops and training opportunities to staff. • Include key staff members on the municipality’s green building team. • Distribute green building guidelines to relevant staff. • Host annual review presentation on the municipality’s green building standards.

Definition of Success Percentage of annual “green” building permits vs. conventional building permits by sector. Annual growth rate of green building projects by sector.

Resources American Institute of Architects (AIA). (2007) Cities with Green Building Programs Have Increased More than 400% since 2003. http://www.aia.org/adv_localleaders Global Green- A Guide for Local Governments http://www.globalgreen.org/media/publications/StepByStep.pdf Rutgers Center for Green Building http://www.greenbuilding.rutgers.edu/ New Jersey Green Building Council Chapter http://chapters.usgbc.org/newjersey/index.htm New Jersey APA Sustainable Design Committee www.njapa.org New Jersey DCA Green Homes Office [email protected]

Green Building/Remodeling Guidelines EnergyStar® http://www.energystar.gov/ U.S. Green Building Council (LEED) http://www.usgbc.org/ REGREEN http://www.regreenprogram.org/ National Association of Home Builders’ Model Green Home Building Guidelines http://www.nahb.org/publication_details.aspx?publicationID=1994§ionID=155 Somerset County High Performance Building Program http://www.scbp.org/member/greenbuildings.html Sample Ordinances http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/sustainable/sustcodes.htm

2. Partner with the “Mr. Fix-It” program of Hillsborough Township, which assists seniors with small home projects, to incorporate sustainable building practices and materials. (Underway) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, SOCIAL SERVICES, MR. FIX-IT

Hillsborough Township can partner with Mr. Fix-It to conduct home energy audits and identify opportunities to save energy and money through weatherization improvements and energy and water efficiency upgrades. In addition, indoor air quality is especially important to vulnerable populations such as the elderly who spend a majority of their time indoors. The Mr. Fix-It program can require the use of low or non- volatile organic paints (vocs), carpeting, and furnishings.

Definition of Success Number of Mr. Fix-It projects that utilize sustainable building practices and materials.

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint 85

Resources Mr. Fix-It program, Social Services Department http://www.hillsborough-nj.org/Cit-e-Access/webpage.cfm?TID=45&TPID=6395 NJ Clean Energy Program – Residential Programs & Incentives http://www.njcleanenergy.com/

5.2 Increase energy efficiency and energy conservation.

1. Conduct energy audits. (Priority) TOWNSHIP STAFF, SCHOOL BOARD, ADMINISTRATOR, PUBLIC WORKS

An energy audit establishes where and how energy is being used in buildings and facilities. It identifies opportunities and provides recommendations for energy and cost savings. Recommendations can range from improved energy data management to appropriate energy-saving technologies, structural improvements, and system retrofits to energy conservation behavior changes among building occupants. The Township can determine which municipal buildings may require a comprehensive energy audit by first identifying the municipality’s biggest energy hogs using the EnergyStar Portfolio Manager. Facilities that score 75 or higher are considered more energy efficient on average than 75% of similar type buildings and are eligible to receive and EnergyStar Certifiation. Energy audits can be conducted on facilities that receive a score below 75 to provide additional information on how to improve their energy efficiency. The Township can also encourage residents and businesses to conduct energy audits.

Definition of Success Percentage of facilities that score 75 or higher on EnergyStar Portfolio Manager Rating System Energy audits conducted on municipal facilities that score below 75 on EnergyStar Program. Energy usage at municipal buildings (linked to Action 3).

Resources NJ SmartStart Buildings provides technical assistance and incentives for energy efficiency projects. http://www.njcleanenergy.com/commercial-industrial/programs/nj-smartstart-buildings/nj- smartstart-buildings http://www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/bscit/energyaudit%20short%20guide.pdf EnergyStar Portfolio Manager http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager ENERGYSTAR Home Energy Saver http://hes.lbl.gov/ EPA Personal Emissions Calculator http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/ind_calculator.html http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/powerprofiler.htm New Jersey Clean Energy http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/tools-and-resources/home-energy-analysis/home- energy-analysis-0

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 86 Goal 5: Carbon & Energy Footprint

2. Establish routine monitoring and upgrade schedules to encourage energy conservation. (Priority) PUBLIC WORKS

Most energy consumption occurs during the building’s operational phase (more than 80%), for heating, cooling and lighting purposes, and less than 20% is consumed during construction. The Township can maintain and enhance the energy efficiency of municipal buildings and facilities by establishing routine monitoring and upgrade schedules for HVAC equipment, water fixtures, lighting, roofs and other building components.

Definition of Success Square footage of municipal facilities under routine monitoring and upgrade schedules.

Resources EnergyStar Portfolio Manager http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=evaluate_performance.bus_portfoliomanager

5.3 Utilize renewable energy sources and technologies.

1. Research and evaluate options to install photovoltaics and utilize renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal on municipal properties. (Priority) MAYOR’S OFFICE, PUBLIC WORKS, BUILDING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township can further set an example in energy conservation by installing renewable energy sources, such as LED and solar-powered street lights and traffic lights, whenever possible. In addition, the Township can explore opportunities for small wind turbine, geothermal heat pumps and demonstration projects. The Township can also investigate the feasibility of implementing a biomass to energy project for the Bell Mead Depot.

Definition of Success Number of renewable energy projects on municipal sites.

Resources New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program- Renewable Energy http://www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/home/home National Renewable Energy Laboratory http://www.nrel.gov/learning/ U.S. Department of Energy, “Renewable Energy” http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/renewable_energy/ Database of Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency http://www.dsireusa.org/

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint 87

2. Establish a municipal solar power purchasing agreement (PPA) to cost effectively install solar photovoltaic panels on qualifying municipal rooftops and facilities. (Priority) MAYOR’S OFFICE, PUBLIC WORKS

The upfront costs of installing and maintaining solar panels are often cost prohibitive for a municipality. Under a Power Purchase Agreement, or PPA, all the equipment, installation, and maintenance costs for the solar panels are paid by a PPA provider with whom the municipality contracts . The provider owns the solar panel equipment and sells the energy it produces to the municipality at a pre-negotiated rate, thereby locking in the energy savings in a long-term contract. At end of the contract period, the municipality may renegotiate another term, or purchase the equipment. Hillsborough Township could establish a PPA for the municipality which makes available all municipal facilities suitable for solar panel installations. Further, by establishing one collective PPA for all qualifying municipal facilities, Hillsborough may be able to negotiate reduced rates by offering expanded solar generation capacity. A team needs to be established to research the details of such a contract and identifying candidate municipal facilities.

Definition of Success Cumulative solar photovoltaic power capacity installed.

Resources PSE&G Solar Loan Program http://www.pseg.com/customer/solar/index.jsp Sun Edison http://www.sunedison.com/ SunPower http://www.sunpowercorp.com/

5.4 Reduce carbon emissions and fuel usage linked to the automobile. See future actions list in Appendix I.

5.5 Provide public awareness and education on energy conservation.

1. Create an online database / website of green buildings professionals in the local area as well as resources available. (Priority) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, LOCAL GREEN BUILDING PROFESSIONALS

In addition to promoting green building, it is important to provide residents with adequate tools to implement green building projects in their own home. The database is a great way to connect green building professionals with township residents and businesses who may be looking to begin a building project or renovation.

Definition of Success: Creation of a green building professionals database. Number of regional green professionals profiled in the database. Number of successful contracts initiated through the database.

Resources City of Austin “Choosing a Green Building Professional” searchable database http://web.memberclicks.com/mc/page.do?orgId=ae

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 88 Goal 5: Carbon & Energy Footprint

2. Sponsor an energy efficiency challenge by giving away energy-efficient light bulbs or other technologies. (Priority) MAYOR’S OFFICE, HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS, FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, SCHOOL DISTRICT

Hillsborough Township can spark community interest and involvement in Sustainable Hillsborough and energy efficiency by sponsoring a give-away of energy-efficient home technologies. This promotion can be coordinated with information about energy conservation at home as well as materials about the Sustainable Hillsborough project.

Definition of Success Number of energy efficiency packages distributed to residents.

Resources One Day Vancouver http://vancouver.ca/oneday/index.htm Greater Lansing Go Green Initiative http://www.lansingmi.gov/gogreen/personal_pledge.jsp New Fairfield Going Green http://www.nfgoinggreen.com/index.php

Appendix A: Completed Actions 89

Appendix A: Completed Actions

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 90 Appendix A: Completed Actions

Goal 1: Community

1.2 Preserve historic resources and rural character.

1. Develop an architectural design standard, signage and other features that denote Hillsborough Township with a unique identity and appearance. (Completed) BUILDING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township can further develop its community identity by instituting a design standard that applies to architectural styles of residential, retail and commercial buildings as well as site layout (such as the location and characteristics of parking lots, pedestrian amenities and landscape buffers). The Hillsborough Planning Department developed an appropriate design standard for new development proposals.

Definition of success Development of architectural and site design standard. Percent of new projects that successfully apply the architectural design standard.

2. Establish a historic preservation commission. (Completed) COMMUNITY GOAL TASKFORCE, COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS

Hillsborough Township has a number of unique historic sites and structures that citizens and community leaders would like to preserve for future generations. By establishing a historic preservation commission, the Township will take an active approach to historic preservation.

Definition of success Creation of historic preservation commission.

3. Create a historic preservation plan to acquire designations for prioritized sites and districts within the community. (Completed) COMMUNITY GOAL TASK FORCE, HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION, COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS

The historic preservation plan will enable Hillsborough to pursue historic designations for its valued sites and districts. The historic preservation commission should network with local, county and state level historic agencies as well as individuals and non-profit groups that maintain historic sites in the creation of the plan. Sample plans and community stakeholders are listed below.

Definition of success Creation of historic preservation plan.

Resources & Community Stakeholders Duke Farms http://www.dukefarms.org/ Somerset Historical Society 908-218-1281 http://www.beachcomber.com/Somerset/Public/histor.html Appendix A: Completed Actions 91

New Jersey Historical Society http://www.jerseyhistory.org/ New Jersey DEP Historic Preservation Office Castle Rock, CO Historic Preservation Plan http://www.crgov.com/files/historic%20preservation%20plan%20-%202007.pdf Mendham, NJ Historic Preservation Element of the Master Plan http://www.mendhamnj.org/masterplan/Master%20Plan/MPChapterVII.HistoricPreservation.pdf

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 92 Appendix A: Completed Actions

Goal 2: Environment

2.1 Promote preservation and stewardship of open space.

1. Create an open space plan to purchase and preserve open space. (Completed) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

Hillsborough Township has already established an open space plan in its Master Plan Phase II. This plan should continue to be implemented and updated at least every five years. The plan should prioritize:

• High quality habitats for threatened and endangered species • Maintaining wildlife migration and movement corridors • Large and contiguous tracts • Linkages of open space corridors to those of neighboring towns and regional plans • Environmentally sensitive areas, such as Sourland Mountain areas, slopes, native habitat, floodplains, forest and high groundwater recharge areas • Areas of exceptional recreation or scenic value

Definition of success Acres of land preserved by Hillsborough Township.

2. Create a farmland preservation plan to preserve local farmland. (Completed) AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION, PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

Hillsborough Township has already established a farmland preservation plan in its Master Plan Phase II. This plan should continue to be implemented and updated at least every five years. The plan should prioritize large, contiguous land base with a focus on the Sourland Zone.

Hillsborough can work directly with the New Jersey State Agriculture Development Committee to engage state assistance with preservation tools, such as:

• Sale of Development Easements • Donation of Development Easements • Sale of Entire Property • Eight-year preservation

Definition of success Acres of farmland preserved.

Resources NJ State Agriculture Development Committee http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/sadc/farmpreserve.htm Farmland Information Center http://www.farmlandinfo.org/new-jersey/ Appendix A: Completed Actions 93

Hopewell Township Farmland Preservation Plan Element http://www.hopewelltwp.org/Farmland_Preservation_Plan_Element.pdf New Jersey State Agriculture Department: Funding for farmland preservation http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/sadc/grantstononprofits.pdf Planning Incentive Program at Green Acres http://www.state.nj.us/dep/greenacres/trust.htm

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 94 Appendix A: Completed Actions

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint

5.3 Utilize renewable energy sources and technologies.

1. Adopt Small Wind Ordinance. (Completed) TOWNSHIP COMMITTEE, PLANNING BOARD

The Township Committee officials approved a Small Wind Ordinance in 2007 that allows the use of windmills to generate renewable power in specific regions of the Township –agricultural, mountain and commercial development, and cultural landscape zones. The ordinance calls for anyone wanting to build the windmill to appear before the Township’s Planning Board with photo simulations, showing how the system would look on landscapes.

Definition of Success: Increase in total percentage of electricity that comes from renewable sources in the Township.

Resources: Small Wind in New Jersey http://www.awea.org/smallwind/newjersey.html

Appendix A: Completed Actions 95

Appendix B: Future Actions

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 96 Appendix B: Future Actions

Goal 1: Community

1.3 Foster community involvement.

1. Develop neighborhood associations that promote community-based volunteerism. (Future) COMMUNITY GOAL TASKFORCE, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT, HOMEOWNER ASSOCIATIONS

Neighborhood groups can begin to work on small-scale projects as well as contribute to larger communitywide projects, such as the Sustainable Hillsborough Community Plan. Neighborhood groups provide a strong network for communication of public forums and a means to develop new leaders for local government boards. They can also provide relevant feedback for elected officials.

2. Organize community events that bring together seniors, youth, and residents of different cultural backgrounds. (Future) COMMUNITY GOAL TASKFORCE, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT, HOMEOWNER ASSOCIATIONS, FATIH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, SCHOOL DISTRICT, COMMUNITY GROUPS

Hillsborough residents noted that there are few community events for groups such as seniors and teenagers and even fewer that bring together residents of diverse ages and cultural backgrounds. Hillsborough Township can increase community ties and goodwill by providing communitywide events as well as age-specific events that provide opportunities for residents to meet and socialize. Limited suggestions follow.

• Communitywide yard sale • Arts festival • Holiday events: Halloween, Fall Harvest, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Labor Day • Farm / Agricultural festival or tour • Home tour • Ethnic celebrations • Historic celebrations

Definition of Success Number of annual community events. Number of annual community event attendees.

3. Involve citizens in local decision-making. (Future) TOWNSHIP COMMITTEE, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT, MAYOR’S OFFICE, HOMEOWNER ASSOCIATIONS, COMMUNITY GROUPS

Citizens that are active as voters, vocal constituents, volunteer board members and elected officials contribute to the power and relevance of local government. By increasing this participation, Hillsborough can improve the efficacy of its government, engage diverse viewpoints and take greater steps towards long-term sustainability. Appendix B: Future Actions 97

Following are suggestions on how citizen participation can be increased: • Create a roster of potential volunteer positions at the Township offices. • Advertise volunteer positions at the library, in local papers and on the Township website. • Conduct a community voter registration drive. • Develop a “candidate school” to teach residents how to get involved in local politics. • Provide “office hours” where local officials set aside time to meet with community members in an informal setting, such as a local restaurant.

Definition of Success Voter turnout at local elections. Number of local officials who conduct public “office hours.” Number of Township volunteers. Number of annual Township volunteer hours.

Resources Sarasota County Civic League sponsors an annual “candidate school” day-long workshop: Mollie Cardamone at 941-953-2624 or [email protected]

4. Increase the number and level of participation in community projects. (Future) SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT, COMMUNITY GROUPS, SCHOOL DISTRICT, HOMEOWNER ASSOCIATIONS

A healthy, socially cohesive community can work together towards a more sustainable community. Community projects, from simple beautification projects to volunteer-based social programs, build bonds between residents and improve quality of life for all. Ideas for community projects follow. It is possible that many of these programs already exist, and in this case the task would be to increase volunteer participation.

• Neighborhood beautification / community gardens. • Habitat restoration / invasive plant removal. • Litter collection along highways or public spaces. • Mentors for children or teens. • Literacy courses. • Assistance for elderly residents. • Parenting assistance courses. • Other programs that would meet the needs of community members.

Definition of success Number of annual volunteer hours in community projects and programs.

1.4 Provide quality housing.

1. Assess affordable housing needs. (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

Many Hillsborough residents expressed concern about rising housing prices in the community. It will be helpful to review housing prices in the context of current resident incomes as well as future population projections and housing demand. This will help the group to discern how much and what type of affordable housing is needed for the present and future residents of Hillsborough Township.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 98 Appendix B: Future Actions

Definition of success Affordable housing assessment.

2. Increase affordable housing stock. (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD, SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT

In order to secure affordable housing, Hillsborough Township must in state mandates and provide incentives for developers while also increasing the affordable housing market.

Suggestions include: • Mandate that developers provide affordable housing units (ideally 12% or the most recent state mandate) in every new housing development. • Conduct citizen outreach to connect low-income residents to affordable housing resources and increase the affordable housing market.

Definition of success Number of affordable housing units.

Resources: NJ Department of Community Affairs Council on Affordable Housing http://www.nj.gov/dca/coah/

3. Provide incentives for green affordable housing (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

Providing energy efficient, durable and healthy environments are key benefits to integrating sustainability standards in affordable housing. Currently, many advances are being made in the design and construction of affordable housing prototypes that integrate these green building concepts. Hillsborough Township should seek out developers of green affordable housing and provide incentives for local developers to green their development projects.

Definition of success Number of green affordable housing units.

Resources New Jersey Affordable Green http://www.nj.gov/dca/hmfa/biz/devel/gho/ Green Affordable Housing Coalition http://frontierassoc.net/greenaffordablehousing/index.shtml

Appendix B: Future Actions 99

Goal 2: Environment

2.1 Promote preservation and stewardship of open space.

1. Devise strategies for public/private ownership of open space. (Future) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

Public/private strategies can get landowners involved in preservation who would like to maintain ownership of their lands but are not willing to commit to long-term preservation.

Tools include: • Conservation Easements • Fee Simple Acquisitions • Reserved Life Estates • Bequests and others

Definition of Success Acres of land preserved via public / private ownership.

Resources Green Acres http://www.state.nj.us/dep/greenacres/trust.htm The Bureau of Planning and Information Management http://www.state.nj.us/dep/greenacres/plan.htm New Jersey Natural Lands Trust “Leave a Legacy of Land” Handbook of Landowner’s Options http://njedl.rutgers.edu/ftp/PDFs/2116.pdf The Preservation Toolbox: Tools and Techniques for Preserving Open Space http://www.townofcary.org/depts/dsdept/P&Z/openspace/thepreservationtoolbox.pdf

2. Promote landowner stewardship of open space. (Future) ENVIRNONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

In combination with open space preservation, it is essential to develop a culture of land stewardship. This can be done by providing education as well as incentive programs for landowners to protect their lands for posterity. For instance, landowners can participate in the NJ Forest Stewardship program to receive assistance and funding.

Definition of success Acres of open space being managed under the NJ Forest Stewardship or other stewardship program.

Resources NJ Forest Stewardship Program http://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/forest/njfs_private_lands_mgt.html http://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/forest/stw_inc_prog.html http://www.nj.gov/dep/parksandforests/forest/njfs_farm_assess.html

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 100 Appendix B: Future Actions

3. Promote sustainable management of farmland. (Future) AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION, PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

Farmers are important stewards of the land whose practices contribute to the health of the community as well as the quality of soil and groundwater. Sustainable farming practices produce nutritious foods while preserving local ecology.

• Develop a guide to Best Management Practices for sustainable farming in Hillsborough Township. • Encourage farmers to adopt Best Management Practices through educational programs and incentives. • Encourage farmers to use “Integrated Pest Management” techniques to reduce usage of toxic pesticides by providing educational programs and incentives. Funding is provided through the Northeastern IPM Center. • Discourage agricultural activities on inappropriate lands, such as steep slopes, wetlands or other environmentally sensitive lands.

Definition of success Development of a Best Management Practices guide for sustainable farming in Hillsborough Township. Acres of land utilizing sustainable farming Best Management Practices. Acres of land utilizing Integrated Pest Management.

Resources Northeastern IPM Center http://nepmc.org

4. Adopt an open space tax. (Future) MAYOR’S OFFICE, PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

An open space tax can assist municipal preservation of both environmentally sensitive lands and farmland. Somerset County already has an open space tax of 3 cents.

Definition of success Open space tax ballot entry. Acres of land purchased utilizing the Open Space Tax.

5. Develop a land trust, conservancy or open space coalition. (Future) ENVIRNONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

A Hillsborough Township land trust or open space coalition can bring together community residents who would like to help preserve open space. This group can assist local government via fundraising and volunteer projects.

Definition of success Number of members involved in the open space coalition. Amount of money raised by open space coalition for land preservation.

Resources: Appendix B: Future Actions 101

The New Jersey Conservation Foundation preserves land in the Sourland mountain region. http://www.njconservation.org/html/gfa-sour.htm Delaware and Raritan Greenway Land Trust: (Delaware & Raritan Canal Greenway, Sourland Mountain Greenway) http://www.drgreenway.org/ The Nature Conservancy: Pine Barrens. http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/newjersey/

6. Promote sustainable management of developed land. (Future) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

As a suburban community, residential and commercial land represents a significant portion o pollution load to the environment and sustainable land management practices would reduce impacts significantly. The results would be improved water quality, increased biodiversity and reduced use of hazardous and toxic materials in the community. Sustainable suburban land management would include:

• Develop best management practices for lawn and landscaping. • Encourage property owners and landscapers to adopt Integrated Pest Management Practices through educational programs. • Encourage property owners to participate in the River Friendly Resident and River Friendly Business programs administered by the Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association. • Reward landowners for adopting organic land management practices and seeking formal registration as certified organic growers.

Definition of success Development of Best Management Practices guide for sustainable land management. Number of properties complying with the River Friendly Resident and Business program Acres of land certified organic. Number of landscapers providing organic based services. Number of exterminators implementing integrated pest management practices.

Resources Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association http://www.thewatershed.org/ Northeast Organic Farmers Association of New Jersey http://www.nofanj.org/ USDA Agricultural Extension Service http://www.usda.gov/ American Society of Landscape Architects http://www.asla.org/ The Sustainable Site Initiative http://www.sustainablesites.org/index.html

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 102 Appendix B: Future Actions

2.2 Preserve and monitor ecology and wildlife.

1. Develop a wildlife data collection and management plan. (Future) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, SCHOOL DISTRICT

Tracking local wildlife will help residents expand their knowledge of the environment and provide a long-term record of ecological health in the Township.

Suggestions for the program: • Model the program after Cornell’s E-bird data management system for citizens to record wildlife sightings through an interactive website. • Link the wildlife data collection system to the township website. • Educate the public about this tool and its potential uses through public meetings and school programs. • Seek volunteers to operate and maintain the wildlife monitoring system.

Definition of success Creation of wildlife tracking system. Number of entries in wildlife database.

2. Preserve and restore native habitat throughout the township. (Future) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, SCHOOL DISTRICT

In addition the preserving land, Hillsborough Township should take an active role in rehabilitating habitat for native and threatened / endangered species.

Steps include: • Create a list of threatened and endangered plant and animal species within the township. • Prioritize habitat of threatened and endangered species in land preservation efforts. • Educate citizens about the unique local habitat and wildlife. • Hold community events to restore disturbed areas and recreate natural habitat.

Definition of Success Number of restored habitat areas.

Resources NJ Endangered and Threatened Species http://web.njit.edu/~ronkowit/ENJ/ Duke Farms Habitat Restoration http://www.dukefarms.org/page.asp?pageId=476

3. Pass a sustainable landscape ordinance applying to all municipal building sites and properties. (Future) ENVIRONMENT GOAL TASKFORCE, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, PUBLIC WORKS

Hillsborough Township can make a large impact on the local environment and watershed by instituting sustainable landscaping at all municipal building sites and properties. Sustainable landscaping includes:

• Use of native species appropriate to the climate and soil type Appendix B: Future Actions 103

• Planting for longevity • Use of low-water and drought tolerant species • Drip or other low-water irrigation system • Irrigate only during early morning or late evening, cool hours • Use of mulch and other techniques to reduce water needs • Plants of ecological value, such as providing food or habitat for wildlife • Use of organic fertilizers or compost, rather than chemicals • “Integrated Pest Management” to limit pest populations • Low-toxic or non-toxic pest control methods • Minimization of lawns, which require frequent mowing and watering • Reduced mowing schedules

Definition of Success Passage of sustainable landscaping ordinance.

Resource Austin, TX Tree and Natural Area Preservation Codes http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/trees/preserve_code.htm

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 104 Appendix B: Future Actions

Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation and Land Use

3.1 Promote and provide transportation alternatives to the automobile.

1. Promote rideshare services. (Future) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS, FAITH- BASED GROUPS, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, SCHOOL DISTRICT

There are a number of rideshare services within the Hillsborough Township area. These services could provide a valuable asset to commuting professionals in the areas. These services can be promoted via printed materials and website, as well as by community groups.

What community organizations, faith-based groups, schools and homeowners associations can do: • Develop neighborhood-based rideshare programs. • Develop rideshare networks for school events, community events and worship services. • Promote local rideshare services.

Definition of Success Production of promotional materials outlining rideshare services available in Hillsborough. Number of Hillsborough participants in rideshare networks and services.

Resources Somerset County eRideshare http://www.erideshare.com/carpool.php?city=Somerset&state=NJ&zip=08873 NJDOT Matchlist http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/commuter/rideshare/matchin.shtm Ridester New Jersey http://www.ridester.com/search_driver/searchState?browsestate=yes&statepr=/search_driver/s earchState?browsestate=yes&statepr=nj

2. Provide employee commuter assistance programs and incentives to use transportation alternatives. (Future) BUSINESSES

Hillsborough Township businesses can provide a great service for their employees as well as the environment by providing rideshare services and/or rideshare information. Employees will have more reliable means of work transportation, employee commuter costs as well as stress will be reduced and Hillsborough will benefit from a decrease of personal automobiles on its streets.

What businesses can do: • Provide information on rideshare services. • Participate in the “Best Workplaces for Commuters” program to promote alternative transportation networks for businesses within the township. • Provide incentives to employees to use alternative transportation modes, such as: o Provide rideshare matching. o Adjust work hours to public transit schedules. o Provide an employee shuttle services, such as a vanpool. o Provide a shuttle from the nearest transit stop. o Pay for a portion of mass transit commuter costs. Appendix B: Future Actions 105

o Provide company cars for workday travel (so employees do not have to bring their own). o Charge fees for parking spaces or provide rebates for employees who do not use parking spaces. • Participate in the NJDOT Smart Moves program to receive a tax break for employee commuting incentives. See resources. • Use the “Business Savings Calculator” by the EPA to determine the fiscal savings due to employee usage of transportation alternatives.

Definition of Success Number of rideshare programs in the community.

Resources Best Workplaces for Commuters http://www.commuterchoice.gov/about/districts.htm NJDOT Smart Moves program for commuting expense incentives http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/commuter/smartmoves/pdf/SMFB%20programnarrative200 7.pdf EPA “Business Savings Calculator” for employee transportation alternatives. http://www.commuterchoice.gov/resource/calc.htm

3. Initiate a partnership to bring one or more Zipcars into the township. (Future) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, MAYOR’S OFFICE

Zipcar is a car-share company that places its short-term rental cars in designated parking spaces throughout a city. Individuals can then reserve the cars online, pick them up and return them to a nearby parking space. Car-sharing provides a low-cost alternative for individuals without personal automobiles. Zipcar currently has vehicles throughout the New York / North New Jersey Metropolitan Area. In one case, Rutgers petitioned Zipcar to place two vehicles on the college campus to encourage car-sharing and discourage student vehicle ownership. Hillsborough Township could engage in the same type of contract as an effort to encourage residents to consider living “car-free” in the Township.

Definition of Success Number of Zipcars in Hillsborough Township.

Resources Rutgers Zipcar Program http://media.www.dailytargum.com/media/storage/paper168/news/2005/09/06/University/Prog ram.Allows.For.zipcar.Rental-999193.shtml

3.2 Develop pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly streets.

1. Employ traffic-calming devices throughout the Township. (Future) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

Hillsborough Township can greatly improve the walkability of its community by providing pedestrian amenities and traffic-calming devices on its thoroughfares. The Township should prioritize high-pedestrian locations, such as schools, retail areas and transit stops. Suggested actions to take are:

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 106 Appendix B: Future Actions

• Widen sidewalks • Raised and painted crosswalks • Install curb extensions, center islands and plantings • Narrow roads and lanes • Diagonal parking

Definition of success Miles of streets that contain pedestrian amenities and traffic-calming devices.

2. Provide pedestrian-friendly amenities in new and existing commercial development. (Future) MOBILITY, TRANSPORTATION & LAND USE TASKFORCE, BUSINESSES

New commercial development in Hillsborough is predominantly built to accommodate the automobile, and often lacks in pedestrian amenities that connect to sidewalks and networks in the larger community. Businesses can take the first step towards pedestrian orientation by providing sufficient amenities, as listed below.

• Provide sidewalks joining commercial units and the street sidewalk, appropriate landscaping along sidewalks, outdoor furniture, crosswalks within parking lots, and other pedestrian comforts. • Provide bicycle racks.

Definition of success Number of businesses that provide sufficient pedestrian amenities.

3.4 Apply Smart Growth principles to development.

1. Develop a design code that encourages a visually pleasing pedestrian experience and promotes community development. (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD, BUILDING DEPARTMENT

A design code can help Hillsborough Township to revive and restore its character as a traditional rural town, while promoting pedestrianism and community ties. A form-based code should include cover the following areas:

• Commercial and residential frontages along streets and sidewalks • Rear and/or buffered parking • Variety in residential and commercial lot widths • Building heights appropriate to street width and density levels • Height limits to protect attractive vistas; and public spaces with a variety of uses.

Definition of Success Development of a design code. Square footage of new projects and retrofits that abide by the code.

Resources Smartcode Downloads Appendix B: Future Actions 107

http://www.smartcodecentral.com/smartfiles.html Form-based Codes Institute http://www.formbasedcodes.org/

2. Redevelop brownfields and underused urban areas. (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

Hillsborough Township can preserve its open space while providing for new development by redeveloping brownfields and previously urban areas.

Definition of Success Acres of redeveloped brownfields and underused urban areas.

Resources Revenue Allocation District (RAD) funds acquisition, demolition and construction in redevelopment areas. http://www.njslom.org/mag-art0405_RAD.html NJDEP Development Area Initiative: Assists communities with multiple brownfields to design and implement remediation and reuse plans for these properties. http://www.nj.gov/dep/srp/brownfields/bda/bda_synopsis.htm

3. Divide the municipality into regions of growth (as well as non-growth) and density levels, and apply ordinances to encourage appropriate development in these areas. (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

Creating growth and non-growth areas in the Township will help to divert sprawling development patters by designating clustered development in certain areas and limiting development in others.

Definition of Success Development of growth and non-growth areas. Density (units per acre) in designated growth areas.

4. Create “Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) zone in the town center to divert growth from rural low-growth or non-growth areas. (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

A TDR program can help to reallocate development within the community so that landowners can still benefit from the value of their development rights while preserving land.

Definition of Success Number of acres involved in the TDR program. Monetary value of development rights transferred via the TDR program.

Resources New Jersey Office of Smart Growth: Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) http://www.nj.gov/dca/osg/resources/tdr/index.shtml New Jersey State Transfer of Development Rights Bank http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/sadc/tdr.htm

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 108 Appendix B: Future Actions

5. Align with neighboring municipalities (Manville, Millstone and others) to coordinate transportation planning, economic development and open space preservation. (Future) PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PLANNING BOARD

In order to plan for future sustainability, Hillsborough Township must coordinate its plans with that of the surrounding region. Hillsborough can also serve as a mentor for other municipalities that may want to embark on sustainable community plans.

Definition of Success Formation of a multi-municipal planning group with adjacent towns.

3.5 Minimize parking requirements throughout the Township.

1. Develop prioritized parking spaces for alternative fuel vehicles or compact cars. (Future) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township can encourage the use of alternative fuel vehicles and compact cars by providing designated parking spaces.

Definition of success Number of parking spaces designated for alternative fuel vehicles. Number of parking space designated for compact cars.

2. Share parking needs with adjacent businesses and residences. (Future) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough can create more space-efficient parking and reduce its overall parking needs by combining the parking needs of adjacent commercial, retail and residential areas. For example, parking can be provided in a separate parking structure within walking distance of a building rather than creating surface parking.

Definition of success Percentage of new parking spaces that are shared between multiple venues.

3. Reduce commercial and high density residential parking requirements around transit nodes. (Future) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township can reduce its parking requirements and thus discourage driving around transit nodes by updating zoning.

Definition of success Number of parking spots reduced by updated zoning development areas.

Appendix B: Future Actions 109

Goal 4: Local Economy

4.1 Foster the local agricultural economy.

1. Support efforts of local farmers to sell carbon credits. (Future) AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, LOCAL FARMERS, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

Carbon sequestration is defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the process through which carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is absorbed by trees, plants and crops through photosynthesis, and stored as carbon in biomass (tree trunks, branches, foliage and roots) and soils. The term “sinks” is also used to refer to forests, croplands and grazing lands, and their ability to sequester carbon. Businesses that cannot reduce their own emissions can purchase credits from those who make extra carbon through verified Offset Projects. Across the U.S., farm organizations and not-for-profit groups have initiated collective efforts to aggregate sequestration called "carbon credits.” Types of carbon sequestration used by farmers include:

• Afforestation: Planting trees in an area that has not recently been forested. Afforestation projects are commonly known as GHG offset projects. • Conservation Tillage: Farm owners that adopt conservation tillage methods such as reduced till or no-till increase carbon storage on cropland compared to conventional tillage methods. Conservation tillage projects are commonly known as GHG offset projects. • Biogas Recovery: Projects that capture biogas for use an energy or to be flared such as GHG emissions reductions from anaerobic manure digesters (methane digesters). Biogas recovery projects are commonly known as GHG emissions reduction projects. • Grass Planting: Grass planning projects converting current land-use, crop-land or range- land to grasses that are capable of sequestering significantly greater amounts of carbon. Grass planning projects are commonly known as GHG offset projects.

The Township can work with local farmers and agricultural groups to assists farmers in aggregating carbon credits. Both the Carbon Climate Exchange and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative provide a market mechanism for buying and selling carbon credits.

Definition of Success Number of carbon credits aggregated by local farmers.

Resources Chicago Climate Exchange http://www.chicagoclimatex.com/ Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative http://www.rggi.org/ Farm Industry News (2008) “Cash from Carbon: Producers can take advantage of the emerging market for carbon credits.” Available at: http://farmindustrynews.com/biofuels/energy/cash-from-carbon-0508/ Agricultural Marketing Resource Center http://www.agmrc.org/agmrc/

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 110 Appendix B: Future Actions

2. Encourage new and existing agribusinesses to take advantage of programs sponsored by the NJ Department of Agriculture. (Future) AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, LOCAL FARMERS

Hillsborough Township can encourage the growth of its local agricultural economy by promoting technical assistance and funding offered through the NJ Department of Agriculture.

• Agribusiness includes crop farms, fruit and nut orchards, tree farms, horticultural greenhouses and food processing plants. • Information on financing and agricultural lands. • Technical services for business development. • Reduced taxes on eligible farmland. • Technical assistance in farm building construction. • Coordination and recycling of agricultural products.

Definition of Success Number of new local farms in Hillsborough. Number of Hillsborough farms involved in NJ Department of Agriculture programs.

Resources NJ Department of Agriculture http://www.nj.gov/agriculture/index.shtml Resources for New and Aspiring Farmers http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/sadc/newfarmers.htm Somerset County Cooperative Research & Extension http://somerset.rcre.rutgers.edu/

3. Seek funding sources and grants to support expansion of the agricultural economy. (Future) AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION

Hillsborough can seek out additional funding sources to promote the local farming economy.

Definition of Success Value of grants acquired to support expansion of agricultural economy.

Resources Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Grants http://www.sare.org/grants/ USDA Rural Business and Cooperative Programs http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rbs/index.html Natural Resources Conservation Service: Conservation Innovation Grants (CIG) in New Jersey http://www.nj.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/cig/index.html

Appendix B: Future Actions 111

4.2 Support small-scale, locally owned businesses.

1. Develop a Hillsborough Chamber of Commerce department to promote and assist local businesses such as tourism, historical sites, agribusinesses, etc. (Future) LOCAL ECONOMY GOAL TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION

Presently, Somerset County has a Chamber of Commerce, but Hillsborough Township does not. A Hillsborough Chamber of Commerce would help the Township to develop its own local economy.

Definition of success Creation of Hillsborough Chamber of Commerce.

Resources Somerset County Chamber of Commerce 908-752-1552 Somerset County Business Partnership www.somersetbusinesspartnership.com/

2. Create marketing or incentive programs to promote local businesses. (Future) LOCAL ECONOMY GOAL TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, LOCAL BUSINESSES

Local businesses can help to grow the strength of small businesses by working together to market themselves.

Suggestions to achieve this end follow: • Establish a local business network for joint marketing projects. • Create a local business directory, either in printed form or on-line. • Develop a local business coupon program. This can help encourage widescale participation in the local business network. • Develop a “local currency” program. The local business network can issue a form of currency that is only valid at participating Hillsborough-based businesses. This currency can also be traded between citizens in barter situations, such as babysitting or handyman work.

Definition of Success Growth of local economy. Number of local businesses involved in joint marketing projects, local business directory, business coupon program or local currency.

Resources: Trumbull, CT Local Directory: Searchable “Yellow Pages” of local businesses. http://www.trumbulllocal.com/pages/directory Boulder, CO http://www.boulderinternetguide.com/ Ithaca Hours http://www.ithacahours.com/ Bay Bucks http://www.baybucks.org/

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 112 Appendix B: Future Actions

3. Establish a minority and women-owned business program. (Future) LOCAL ECONOMY GOAL TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, LOCAL BUSINESSES

Hillsborough can diversify its businesses and support businesses owned by women and minorities by creating a useful directory.

Definition of success Percent growth in minority and women-owned business revenue.

Resources Minority Business Directory, New York & New Jersey www.minoritybusinessdirectoryonline.com/ NJ Minority Business Directory http://www.njminoritybusiness.com/ Minority Business Directory, U.S. www.minoritybusinessdirectory.net/ Louisville Minority Business Directory http://louisville.edu/org/sun/minority/ The MWBE: The Source for Locating Minority and Women Owned Businesses www.themwbedirectory.com/

4.3 Develop a strong tourism economy.

2. Establish a regional tourism marketing program. (Future) LOCAL ECONOMY GOAL TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, TOURISM OPERATIONS

Hillsborough Township can increase the visibility of its local tourist attractions by combining with adjacent municipalities to promote the region as a destination. • Develop a cooperative tourism marketing program in printed or online form. • Partner with Somerset County Business and Visitor Center 908-218-4300 www.scbp.org

Definition of Success Development of regional tourism marketing program.

Resources Visit New Jersey http://www.state.nj.us/travel/ Skylands of NJ Tourism Council http://www.skylandstourism.org/ NJ Agritourism http://www.visitnjfarms.org/ Somerset County Business and Visitor Center 908-218-4300 www.scbp.org Somerset County Historic & Tourism Sites http://www.scbp.org/visit/tourism.pdf

Appendix B: Future Actions 113

4.4 Encourage green business development.

1. Encourage partnership with renewable energy companies to build publicly funded demonstration projects on public property. (Future)

Resources New Jersey Clean Energy www.njcleanenergy.com New Jersey Solar Solutions http://www.njsolarsolutions.com/ Renewable Energy Businesses in New Jersey http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byGeo/US/byS/NJ/NJ.shtml Solar Directory of New Jersey http://new-jersey.uscity.net/Solar_Energy/

2. Launch a “green business” certification system to allow businesses to effectively market themselves. (Future) LOCAL ECONOMY TASKFORCE, ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION, LOCAL BUSINESSES

Hillsborough Township can solidify the reputation of its green businesses and increase the incentive for businesses to become sustainable by creating a certification and marketing system.

• Create a sustainable business association for collaboration and networking. • Develop a “certification system” by which participating businesses can earn designation as a sustainable business and market themselves as such. • Market sustainable businesses through a paper or online directory.

Definition of Success Number of Hillsborough businesses certified in the sustainable business program.

Resources New Jersey Sustainable Business Alliance: Environmentally responsible companies that promote sustainable products and services. 607-589-7457 Fax: 800-495-8048 Chicago Sustainable Business Alliance http://www.sustainablechicago.biz/ Chicago Green Business Directory http://www.sustainablechicago.biz/members/ Co-Op America National Green Pages http://www.coopamerica.org/pubs/greenpages/ Rochester Green Business Network http://ceinfo.org/rgbn/dirsearch.php?by=organization Sacramento Sustainable Business Program http://sacberc.org/Web/programs/ssbp/

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 114 Appendix B: Future Actions

Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint

5.1 Promote sustainable building.

1. Provide incentives for contractors, builders and developers to build green. (Future) PLANNING BOARD, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, BUILDING DEPARTMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

Hillsborough Township can help promote sustainable building throughout the community by offering incentives for developers to build green. First, the Township must set a standard to define energy efficiency and other green building techniques. Then, such projects can be rewarded with incentives such as:

• Offer a full rebate on applications fees for new buildings that become certified according to LEED or other standards. • Reduced inspection and permitting fees. • Expedited plan and field check: Reduce processing time 20-50%. • Code / zoning variances: Density bonuses, other smart growth strategies. • Tax credits / exemptions: Tax relief on all or part of allowable costs of green building techniques. • Below-market capital: Provide revolving, low-interest loan funds and extended payment options (often used in building rehabilitation and infill). • Monetary awards and rebates: Provide competitive grant programs for innovative projects. • Recognition: Promotion on websites, events, educational materials. • Free or reduced-rate products and services: Green building consulting, design support, construction site management teams, etc. • Fast track approval for LEED registered projects.

Definition of Success Development of green building standards and incentives. Number of development projects that earn green building incentives.

Resources An Analysis of Green Building Best Management Practices http://www.greenbuilding.rutgers.edu/docs/Residential_Green_Bldg_MAY_06.pdf

2. Provide incentives for residents to build green. (Future) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, BUILDING DEPARTMENT

Hillsborough Township can help promote sustainable building throughout the community by offering incentives for residents to build green. First, the Township must set a standard to define energy efficiency and other green building techniques. Then, such projects can be rewarded with incentives such as:

• Special mortgage products: Below-market financing for green homes. • Tax incentives: Property tax relief for improvements and new construction. Appendix B: Future Actions 115

• Free or reduced-rate products and services: Green building consulting, design support, construction site management teams, etc.

Definition of Success Development of green building standards and incentives. Number of residences that earn green building incentives.

3. Develop a reuse center for building materials. (Future) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PUBLIC WORKS

Hillsborough Township can help recycle building materials and promote reuse with a building materials reuse center. Residents can drop off unwanted building materials which can be given to local non-profits or resold to residents at a nominal price.

Definition of Success Creation of a building materials reuse center. Value of reused materials sold or donated by the center annually.

Resources Building reuse directory http://www.buildingreuse.org/directory/

4. Hire qualified Green Building or other certified sustainable building professionals for building and renovation projects. (Future) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, PUBLIC WORKS, LOCAL BUSINESSES, RESIDENTS

Hillsborough Township can set an example by hiring sustainable building professionals for all new building or renovation projects. Hillsborough businesses and residents can help contribute to a more sustainable community by hiring green building professionals.

Definition of success Number of building and renovation projects contracted to sustainable building professionals by the Township. Number of building and renovation projects completed by sustainable building professionals for local businesses. Number of building and renovation projects completed by sustainable building professionals for residents. Number of LEED accredited professionals on Township Staff.

5.2 Increase energy efficiency and energy conservation.

1. Investigate additional energy conservation funding programs. (Future) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT GOAL TASKFORCE

Hillsborough Township can acquire additional funding to promote energy conservation in the community.

Definition of Success Value of funding acquired for energy conservation programs.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 116 Appendix B: Future Actions

Resources Clinton Climate Initiative: 40 cities are working to reduce energy consumption. http://www.clintonfoundation.org/index.htm NJ Clean Energy http://www.njcleanenergy.com/ U.S. Department of Energy Grants http://www.energy.gov/sciencetech/grants.htm

5.3 Utilize renewable energy sources and technologies.

1. Participate in the New Jersey Clean Power Choice program. (Future) MAYOR’S OFFICE, PUBLIC WORKS, LOCAL BUSINESSES, SCHOOL DISTRICT, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, RESIDENTS

From individuals to businesses and community groups, Hillsborough citizens can choose to utilize renewable energy through the Clean Power Choice program.

Definition of Success Number of Hillsborough households and facilities utilizing Clean Power Choice.

Resources NJ Clean Energy http://www.njcleanenergy.com/residential/programs/cleanpower-choice/start-today/sign- today/sign-today

2. Encourage farmers to participate in state funding and assistance programs to develop renewable energy and energy efficiency on farms. (Future) ENERGY &CARBON FOOTPRINT GOAL TASKFORCE, AGRICULTURAL COMMISSION

Hillsborough farms can get involved in energy conservation by participating in this state program to develop renewable energy.

Definition of Success: Number of farms participating in the renewable energy program.

Resource: New Jersey Agricultural Department http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/divisions/md/news/renewenerg.html

5.4 Reduce carbon emissions and fuel usage linked to the automobile.

1. Consider alternative fuel vehicles when making new vehicle purchases. (Future) MAYOR’S OFFICE, BUSINESSES, RESIDENTS, SCHOOL DISTRICT, COMMUNITY GROUPS

From individuals to businesses and the Township, Hillsborough can make a large impact by choosing fuel-efficient and low-emissions vehicles.

Appendix B: Future Actions 117

Definition of Success Average fuel usage of vehicles owned by the Township. Average fuel usage in the Township. Number of alternative fuel vehicles owned by local businesses. Number of alternative fuel vehicles owned by residents. Number of alternative fuel vehicles owned by the Township.

Resources U.S. DOE Fuel Economy Vehicle Ratings http://www.fueleconomy.gov/ U.S. EPA Fuel Economy Guide http://www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/

2. Develop a green fleet program. (Future) MAYOR’S OFFICE, PUBLIC WORKS

A green fleet program enables businesses or municipalities with large vehicle fleets to conserve fuel and use renewable and non-toxic resources. Green fleet policy includes measures such as:

• Reduce the size of the vehicle fleet as possible. • Purchase the most efficient vehicles, considering low-emissions and alternative vehicles. • Utilize green automotive fluids, such as recycled motor oil, low-toxic anti-freeze and low- toxic parts solvent. • Maintain vehicles with a high tire pressure and regular tune-ups to enable higher fuel efficiency. • Encourage employee carpooling to meetings, work sites and other locations. • Calculate the amount of emissions and fuel consumption reduced by the green fleet program.

Definition of Success Adoption of a green fleet policy by the Township. Number of businesses that adopt green fleet policies.

Resources City of Toronto: Greening our Fleet http://www.toronto.ca/fleet/greening_our_fleet.htm

5.5 Provide public awareness and education on energy conservation.

1. Host a community tour of green buildings to heighten awareness and display a variety of applications. (Future) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, MAYOR’S OFFICE

Hillsborough Township can engage the public and provide educational information about sustainable building by sponsoring a community tour of green buildings.

Definition of Success: Number of participants in annual green building tour.

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 118 Appendix B: Future Actions

2. Create an educational workshop teaching residents about green building and energy efficiency practices. (Future) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, LOCAL GREEN BUILDING PROFESSIONALS

Hillsborough Township can further help educate the public by holding educational workshops. These can align with local green building professionals or organizations.

Definition of Success: Number of participants in green building / energy efficiency educational workshops.

Resources City of Austin Green By Design Workshop. http://www.austinenergy.com/Energy%20Efficiency/Programs/Green%20Building/Resources/Gre enByDesign/index.htm

3. Offer incentives for students and faculty to work on projects to move their school towards carbon neutrality. (Future) ENERGY & CARBON FOOTPRINT TASKFORCE, SCHOOL DISTRICT, LOCAL GREEN BUILDING PROFESSIONALS

Hillsborough Township can reach out to local youth by involving them in the green building movement. Classes can work directly on improving the energy efficiency of their existing school buildings or new building projects. Educational projects related to green building include:

• Calculating the carbon footprint of the school. • Reducing the footprint and tracking reductions via an energy audit. • Raising money to purchase carbon offsets.

Definition of Success: Number of students and faculty participating in projects to move their school towards carbon neutrality.

Appendix B: Future Actions 119

Appendix C: Action Matrix

Strategic Plan for a Sustainable Hillsborough 2009 120

Goal 1: Community Status Schools Residents Businesses Municipality Partner/Civic Organizations

Action (C=Completed; U= Underway; P= Priority Action; F= Future Action) ● ● ● ● ● 1.1 Create a vibrant town center. Establish a town center and encourage high density, mixed-use development within its boundaries U ● ● ● ● 1.2 Preserve historic resources and rural character. Develop an architectural design standard, signage and other features that denote Hillsborough Township with a unique identity and appearance C ● ● ● ● Establish a historic preservation commission C ● ● ● Create a historic preservation plan to acquire designations for prioritized sites and districts within the community C ● ● Increase awareness of and access to historic sites and structures in the Township U ● ● ● 1.3 Foster community involvement. Develop an interactive Sustainable Hillsborough Website U ● ● Develop a "Green Map of Hillsborough Township" P ● ● ● ● Develop neighborhood associations that promote community-based volunteerism F ● ● ● Organize community events that bring together seniors, youth, and residents of different cultural backgrounds F ● ● ● ● ● Involve citizens in local decision-making F ● ● Increase the number and level of participation in community projects F ● ● ● ● ● 1.4 Provide quality housing. Assess affordable housing needs F ● ● Increase affordable housing stock F ● ● Provide incentives for green affordable housing F ● ● ● 1.5 Improve sustainability awareness & education opportunities. Establish a Sustainability Team made up of school administrators, teachers, staff, facilities managers, and student leaders at Hillsborough Schools U ● ● ● ● Establish a student volunteer program with local businesses and organizations P ● ● ● ● Goal 2: Environment Status Schools Residents Businesses Municipality Partner/Civic Organizations

Action (C=Completed; U= Underway; P= Priority Action; F= Future Action) ● ● ● ● ● 2.1 Promote preservation and stewardship of open space. Create an open space plan to purchase and preserve open space C ● ● ● Create a farmland preservation plan to preserve local farmland C ● ● Maintain an active Township open space and farmland preservation program U ● ● ● ● ● Provide information for residents, businesses, schools and community groups on sustainable landscaping practices P ● ● ● ● Devise strategies for public/private ownership of open space F ● ● ● ● Promote landowner stewardship of open space F ● ● ● ● Promote sustainable management of farmland F ● ● ● Adopt an open space tax F ● Promote sustainable management of developed land F ● ● ● ● ● Develop a land trust, conservancy or open space coalition F ● ● ● ● 2.2 Preserve and monitor ecology and wildlife.

Develop a wildlife data collection and management plan F ● ● ● Preserve and restore native habitat throughout the township F ● ● ● ● ● Pass a sustainable landscape ordinance applying to all municipal building sites and properti F ● 2.3 Conserve water and improve stormwater management. Improve stormwater basin management, utilizing the Rutgers Stormwater Basin Enhancement program U ● ● ● ● ● Implement passive stormwater management techniques, utilizing the Stony-Brook Millstone Watershed Association (SBWMA) River Friendly Program U ● ● ● ● ● Pass water conservation ordinance and provide information on low-technology rainwater harvesting and reuse techniques P ● ● ● ● ● 2.4 Encourage recycling and waste reduction. Improve monitoring of and participation in the Township's recycling program P ● ● ● ● ● Develop a home composting pilot program P ● ● ● ● ● 2.5 Reduce light pollution.

Pass a light pollution reduction ordinance for all new development projects in the Township P ● ● ● ● ● Goal 3: Mobility, Transportation & Land Use Status Schools Residents Businesses Municipality Partner/Civic Organizations

Action (C=Completed; U= Underway; P= Priority Action; F= Future Action) ● ● ● ● ● 3.1 Promote and provide transportation alternatives to the automobile. Lobby for a regional rail access point in the Township U ● ● ● ● Assess current means of public transportation in the Hillsborough area (bus train, commuter services, etc.) P ● ● ● develop interim plans to encourage development around a regional bus park and ride facility P ● ● ● Ensure that the directions distributed for all public buildings and functions contain directions for public transit, walking and biking routes as well as ADA accessibility P ● ● ● ● Promote rideshare services F ● ● ● ● Provide employee commuter assistance programs and incentives to use transportation alternatives F ● Initiate a partnership to bring one or more Zipcars into the township F ● ● ● 3.2 Develop pedestrian and bicycle-friendly streets. Continue to provide bicycle safety programs to all residents U ● ● ● ● Integrate bicycle lanes, pedestrian paths, and running trails in the town center and along key thoroughfares U ● ● Coordinate with "Mayor's Wellness Campaign" to conduct a pedestrian survey P ● ● ● ● Employ traffic-calming devices throughout the Township F ● ● ● Provide pedestrian-friendly amenities in new and existing commercial development F ● ● 3.3 Create transit linkages. Plan new development in areas with pedestrian, street and transit linkages U ● ● ● Create transit-oriented development around major transportation nodes U ● ● ● ● Reduce traffic congestion on Route 206 P ● ● ● 3.4 Apply Smart Growth principles to development. Develop a design code that encourages a visually pleasing pedestrian experience and promotes community development F ● ● ● Redevelop brownfields and underused urban areas F ● ● ● Divide the municipality into regions of growth (as well as non-growth) and density levels, and apply ordinances to encourage appropriate development in these areas F ● ● Create "Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) zone in the town center to divert growth from rural low-growth or non-growth areas F ● Align with neighboring municipalities (Manville, Millstone and others) to coordinate transportation planning, economic development and open space preservation F ● ● 3.5 Minimize parking requirements throughout the Township. Develop prioritized parking spaces for alternative fuel vehicles or compact cars F ● ● ● Share parking needs with adjacent businesses and residences F ● ● ● ● Reduce commercial and high density residential parking requirements around transit nodes F ● Goal 4: Local Economy Status Schools Residents Businesses Municipality Partner/Civic Organizations

Action (C=Completed; U= Underway; P= Priority Action; F= Future Action) ● ● ● ● ● 4.1 Foster the local agricultural economy Support local and regional distribution of agricultural products U ● ● ● ● ● Support efforts of local farmers to sell carbon credits F ● ● ● ● Encourage new and existing agribusinesses to take advantage of programs sponsored by the NJ Department of Agriculture F ● ● ● ● Seek funding sources and grants to support expansion of the agricultural economy F ● ● ● ● 4.2 Support small-scale, locally-owned businesses Initiate a "Small Business Development" program U ● ● ● ● Develop a "local currency program" to promote local businesses and tourism P ● ● ● Develop a Hillsborough Chamber of Commerce department to promote and assist local businesses such as tourism, historical sites, agribusinesses, etc. F ● ● Create marketing or incentive programs to promote local businesses F ● ● Establish a minority and women-owned business program F ● ● ● ● 4.3 Develop a strong tourism economy

Partner with local farms to encourage agritourism opportunities for residents and visitors U ● ● ● Partner with the Millstone Valley Scenic Byway Corridor Management Committee to P establish National Scenic Byway ● ● Establish a regional tourism marketing program F ● ● ● ● 4.4 Encourage green business development Develop a program to assist the development of new, potential and existing environmental-themed and otherwise sustainable businesses P ● ● ● ● Encourage partnership with renewable energy companies to build publicly funded demonstration projects on public property F ● ● ● ● Launch a "green business" certification system to allow businesses to effectively market themselves F ● ● Goal 5: Energy & Carbon Footprint Status Schools Residents Businesses Municipality Partner/Civic Organizations Action (C=Completed; U= Underway; P= Priority Action; F= Future Action) ● ● ● ● ● 5.1 Promote sustainable building. Pass Green Building Policies and Ordinances U ● ● ● ● ● Partner with the "Mr. Fix-It" program of Hillsborough Township, which assists seniors with small home projects, to incorporate sustainable building practices and materials U ● ● ● Provide incentives for contractors, builders and developers to build green F ● ● ● Provide incentives for residents to build green F ● ● Develop a reuse center for building materials F ● ● Hire qualified Green Building or other certified sustainable building professionals for building and renovation projects F ● ● ● ● 5.2 Increase energy efficiency and energy conservation. Conduct energy audits P ● ● ● ● ●

Establish routine monitoring and upgrade schedules to encourage energy conservation P ● ● ● Investigggygpgate additional energy conservation funding programs F ● ● ● 5.3 Utilize renewable energy sources and technologies. Adopt Small Wind Ordinance C ● ● ● ● ● Research and evaluate options to install photovoltaics and utilize renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal on municipal properties P ● ● ● Establish a municipal solar power purchasing agreement (PPA) to cost effectively install solar photovoltaic panels on qualifying municipal rooftops and facilities P ● ● Participate in the New Jersey Clean Power Choice program F ● ● ● ● ● Encourage farmers to participate in state funding and assistance programs to develop renewable energy and energy efficiency on farms F ● ● ● 5.4 Reduce carbon emissions and fuel usage linked to the automobile. Consider alternative fuel vehicles when making new vehicle purchases F ● ● ● ● Develop a green fleet program F ● 5.5 Provide public awareness and education on energy conservation. Create an online database / website of green buildings professionals in the local area as well as resources available P ● ● ● Sponsor an energy efficiency challenge by giving away energy-efficient light bulbs or other technologies P ● ● ● ● ● Host a community tour of green buildings to heighten awareness and display a variety of applications F ● ● ● Create an educational workshop teaching residents about green building and energy efficiency practices F ● ● ● Offer incentives for students and faculty to work on projects to move their school towards carbon neutrality F ● ●