AOSS 102: Extreme Weather Hurricanes Lecture 13 7 October 2015
Satellite Photo (with enhanced colors) taken on Oct/5/2015 8am EDT Logis cs for the Exam: Oct/9 10-11am • Exam is on paper, be physically present and bring a pen • Open-book (hardcopy or e-book) • Open-notes (lecture notes & personal notes in printed or electronic form (laptop), internet Canvas page and Ac ve Learning Pla orm) • No open internet, you are not allowed to google the ques ons (this will be considered chea ng and leads to 0 points) • Sign an honor code that you did not use the internet (except the Canvas page / Ac ve Learning Pla orm) • Exam will cover textbook chapters 1-4 (no hurricanes), about 26 mul ple choice ques ons, about 7 short answer/graph ques ons
Logis cs: • All students with last names that start with A-K: Angell Hall Auditorium C • All students with last names that start with L-Z: Angell Hall Auditorium D Torren al Rainfall in South Carolina: Caused by stalled frontal zone and Joaquin
Total rainfall amounts from late September un l Oct/5/2015: 1 in a 1000 years flood Torren al Rainfall in South Carolina: Caused by stalled coastal frontal zone and Hurricane Joaquin
L
L: Hurricane Joaquin
Streamlines on Oct/4/2015: Hurricane Joaquin supplies the frontal Low with addi onal moisture Hurricane Joaquin: Status on Oct/6/2015
Source: NOAA's GOES-East satellite showing Hurricane Joaquin on 10/6/2015 at 10:45am EDT Hurricane Joaquin: Projected Track Joaquin will undergo a transi on to an extratropical cyclone on Wednesday a ernoon while approaching Europe.
Status on Oct/5/2015 www.weather.com Naming Conven on for Atlan c Hurricanes
Names are in alphabe cal order and are assigned once the system reaches tropical storm strength. The names of severe hurricanes will be re red and are never used again, like Katrina.
Source: h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Atlan c_hurricane_season 2015 Atlan c Hurricane Season un l 9/30 So far 10 named tropical storms, 3 hurricanes, among them only 2 major hurricanes (category 3+), season s ll runs un l Nov/30/2015
Dots represent the center posi ons every 6 hours, red colors: more intense
Map without Hurricane Joaquin h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Atlan c_hurricane_season Current Hurricane Ac vity in the Central/ Eastern Pacific
Status on Oct/6/2015 Projected Track and Strength of Hurricane Oho
Status on Oct/6/2015 2015 Pacific Hurricane Season un l 9/30 Ac ve Season: So far 21 named tropical storms, 13 hurricanes, among them 8 major hurricanes (Cat. 3+), season s ll runs un l Nov/30/2015
Dots represent the center posi ons every 6 hours, red colors: more intense
Map without Hurricane Oho h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Pacific_hurricane_season Short Answer Image Quiz Anatomy: 3D Satellite View of Hurricane Katrina passing over the Gulf of Mexico on August 28, 2005
• Cutaway view shows concentric bands of heavy rain (in red) • Heaviest rain rates are near the eyewall • Tall cloud towers are 16 km high (red spikes)
Fig. 13.5, p. 365 Anatomy of a Tropical Cyclone
Some mes: Double eyewall, undergoes eyewall replacement cycles
h p://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/video/anatomy-of-a-hurricane Cross-sec on of a Hurricane
Wind speed is at a maximum in the eyewall. The horizontal Fig. 13.8, p. 367 varia on of the pressure (pressure gradient) is the greatest here. Surface Wind Speeds & Direc ons
• Counterclockwise rota on of Hurricane Dora (Aug. ’99) in the Northern Hemisphere • Color indicates wind speed • Arrows indicate wind direc on • Highest wind speeds occur in the eyewall
Fig. 13.9, p. 369 Image Quiz Surface Wind Speeds
The winds are typically strongest to the right of the path of the hurricane. Fig. 13.17, p. 377 Mul ple Choice Tropical Cyclone Forma on and Development
Source: www.eg.gc.ca Tropical Cyclone Categories
Source: coolgeography.co.uk Mul ple Choice