Tinyos: an Operating System for Sensor Networks
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Graphical Product-Line Configuration of Nesc-Based Sensor Network Applications Using Feature Models
GRAPHICAL PRODUCT-LINE CONFIGURATION OF NESC-BASED SENSOR NETWORK APPLICATIONS USING FEATURE MODELS by MATTHIAS NIEDERHAUSEN Diplom, University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany, 2007 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Computing and Information Sciences College of Engineering KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2008 Approved by: Major Professor John Hatcliff Copyright Matthias Niederhausen 2008 Abstract Developing a wireless sensor network application includes a variety of tasks, such as coding of the implementation, designing the architecture and assessing availability of hardware components, that provide necessary capabilities. Before compiling an application, the developer has to con- figure the selection of hardware components and set up required parameters. One has to choose from among a variety of configurations regarding communication parameters, such as frequency, channel, subnet identifier, transmission power, etc.. This configuration step also includes setting up parameters for the selection of hardware components, such as a specific hardware platform, which sensor boards and programmer boards to be used or the use of optional services and more. Reasoning about a proper selection of configuration parameters is often very difficult, since there are a lot of dependencies among these parameters which may rule out some other options. The developer has to know about all these constraints in order to pick a valid configuration. Unfor- tunately, the existing makefile approach that comes with nesC is poorly organized and does not capture important compatibility constraints. The configuration of a particular nesC application is distributed in multiple makefiles. There- fore a developer has to look at multiple files to make sure all necessary parameter are set up correctly for compiling a specific application. -
AMNESIA 33: How TCP/IP Stacks Breed Critical Vulnerabilities in Iot
AMNESIA:33 | RESEARCH REPORT How TCP/IP Stacks Breed Critical Vulnerabilities in IoT, OT and IT Devices Published by Forescout Research Labs Written by Daniel dos Santos, Stanislav Dashevskyi, Jos Wetzels and Amine Amri RESEARCH REPORT | AMNESIA:33 Contents 1. Executive summary 4 2. About Project Memoria 5 3. AMNESIA:33 – a security analysis of open source TCP/IP stacks 7 3.1. Why focus on open source TCP/IP stacks? 7 3.2. Which open source stacks, exactly? 7 3.3. 33 new findings 9 4. A comparison with similar studies 14 4.1. Which components are typically flawed? 16 4.2. What are the most common vulnerability types? 17 4.3. Common anti-patterns 22 4.4. What about exploitability? 29 4.5. What is the actual danger? 32 5. Estimating the reach of AMNESIA:33 34 5.1. Where you can see AMNESIA:33 – the modern supply chain 34 5.2. The challenge – identifying and patching affected devices 36 5.3. Facing the challenge – estimating numbers 37 5.3.1. How many vendors 39 5.3.2. What device types 39 5.3.3. How many device units 40 6. An attack scenario 41 6.1. Other possible attack scenarios 44 7. Effective IoT risk mitigation 45 8. Conclusion 46 FORESCOUT RESEARCH LABS RESEARCH REPORT | AMNESIA:33 A note on vulnerability disclosure We would like to thank the CERT Coordination Center, the ICS-CERT, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) and the JPCERT Coordination Center for their help in coordinating the disclosure of the AMNESIA:33 vulnerabilities. -
FPGA BASED RECONFIGURABLE BODY AREA NETWORK USING Nios II and Uclinux
FPGA BASED RECONFIGURABLE BODY AREA NETWORK USING Nios II AND uClinux A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan by Anthony Voykin Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada c Copyright Anthony Voykin, April 2013. All rights reserved. Permission to Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, it is agreed that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. Permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professors who supervised this thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering or the Dean of the College of Graduate Studies and Research at the University of Saskatchewan. Any copying, publication, or use of this thesis, or parts thereof, for financial gain without the written permission of the author is strictly prohibited. Proper recognition shall be given to the author and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in this thesis. Request for permission to copy or to make any other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 57 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A9 i Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisors Professor Ron Bolton and Professor Francis Bui for providing me with guidance and support necessary to complete my thesis work. -
Tinyos Meets Wireless Mesh Networks
TinyOS Meets Wireless Mesh Networks Muhammad Hamad Alizai, Bernhard Kirchen, Jo´ Agila´ Bitsch Link, Hanno Wirtz, Klaus Wehrle Communication and Distributed Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Germany [email protected] Abstract 2 TinyWifi We present TinyWifi, a nesC code base extending TinyOS The goal of TinyWifi is to enable direct execution of to support Linux powered network nodes. It enables devel- TinyOS applications and protocols on Linux driven network opers to build arbitrary TinyOS applications and protocols nodes with no additional effort. To achieve this, the Tiny- and execute them directly on Linux by compiling for the Wifi platform extends the existing TinyOS core to provide new TinyWifi platform. Using TinyWifi as a TinyOS plat- the exact same hardware independent functionality as any form, we expand the applicability and means of evaluation of other platform (see Figure 1). At the same time, it exploits wireless protocols originally designed for sensornets towards the customary advantages of typical Linux driven network inherently similar Linux driven ad hoc and mesh networks. devices such as large memory, more processing power and higher communication bandwidth. In the following we de- 1 Motivation scribe the architecture of each component of our TinyWifi Implementation. Although different in their applications and resource con- straints, sensornets and Wi-Fi based multihop networks share 2.1 Timers inherent similarities: (1) They operate on the same frequency The TinyOS timing functionality is based on the hardware band, (2) experience highly dynamic and bursty links due to timers present in current microcontrollers. A sensor-node radio interferences and other physical influences resulting in platform provides multiple realtime hardware timers to spe- unreliable routing paths, (3) each node can only communi- cific TinyOS components at the HAL layer - such as alarms, cate with nodes within its radio range forming a mesh topol- counters, and virtualization. -
Shared Sensor Networks Fundamentals, Challenges, Opportunities, Virtualization Techniques, Comparative Analysis, Novel Architecture and Taxonomy
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks Review Shared Sensor Networks Fundamentals, Challenges, Opportunities, Virtualization Techniques, Comparative Analysis, Novel Architecture and Taxonomy Nahla S. Abdel Azeem 1, Ibrahim Tarrad 2, Anar Abdel Hady 3,4, M. I. Youssef 2 and Sherine M. Abd El-kader 3,* 1 Information Technology Center, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), El Tahrir st, El Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; [email protected] 2 Electrical Engineering Department, Al-Azhar University, Naser City, Cairo 11651, Egypt; [email protected] (I.T.); [email protected] (M.I.Y.) 3 Computers & Systems Department, Electronics Research Institute (ERI), El Tahrir st, El Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; [email protected] 4 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, 1045, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 March 2019; Accepted: 7 May 2019; Published: 15 May 2019 Abstract: The rabid growth of today’s technological world has led us to connecting every electronic device worldwide together, which guides us towards the Internet of Things (IoT). Gathering the produced information based on a very tiny sensing devices under the umbrella of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The nature of these networks suffers from missing sharing among them in both hardware and software, which causes redundancy and more budget to be used. Thus, the appearance of Shared Sensor Networks (SSNs) provides a real modern revolution in it. Where it targets making a real change in its nature from domain specific networks to concurrent running domain networks. That happens by merging it with the technology of virtualization that enables the sharing feature over different levels of its hardware and software to provide the optimal utilization of the deployed infrastructure with a reduced cost. -
Atomicity and Visibility in Tiny Embedded Systems
Atomicity and Visibility in Tiny Embedded Systems John Regehr Nathan Cooprider David Gay University of Utah, School of Computing Intel Research Berkeley {regehr, coop}@cs.utah.edu [email protected] Abstract bool flag = false; // interrupt handler Visibility is a property of a programming language’s void __vector_5 (void) memory model that determines when values stored by { one concurrent computation become visible to other atomic flag = true; computations. Our work exploits the insight that in } nesC, a C-like language with explicit atomicity, the traditional way of ensuring timely visibility—volatile void wait_for_interrupt(void) variables—can be entirely avoided. This is advan- { tageous because the volatile qualifier is a notorious bool done = false; do { source of programming errors and misunderstandings. atomic if (!flag) done = true; Furthermore, the volatile qualifier hurts performance } while (!done); by inhibiting many more optimizations than are neces- } sary to ensure visibility. In this paper we extend the semantics of nesC’s atomic statements to include a visi- bility guarantee, we show two ways that these semantics Figure 1. nesC code containing a visibility er- can be implemented, and we also show that our better ror implementation has no drawbacks in terms of resource usage. Until now, nesC has left it to programmers to en- 1. Introduction sure visibility by judicious use of C’s volatile qual- ifier. In this paper we investigate the idea of strength- ening nesC’s memory model such that the semantics of The nesC [5] language is a C dialect designed for pro- atomic are augmented with a visibility guarantee. This gramming embedded wireless sensor network nodes. -
A Review on Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Embedded Systems
International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT), Vol 3, No 3, June 2011 A REVIEW ON ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Rahat Afreen 1 and S.C. Mehrotra 2 1Tom Patrick Institute of Computer & I.T, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, Aurangabad. (Maharashtra) INDIA [email protected] 2Department of C.S. & I.T., Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad. (Maharashtra) INDIA [email protected] ABSTRACT Importance of Elliptic Curves in Cryptography was independently proposed by Neal Koblitz and Victor Miller in 1985.Since then, Elliptic curve cryptography or ECC has evolved as a vast field for public key cryptography (PKC) systems. In PKC system, we use separate keys to encode and decode the data. Since one of the keys is distributed publicly in PKC systems, the strength of security depends on large key size. The mathematical problems of prime factorization and discrete logarithm are previously used in PKC systems. ECC has proved to provide same level of security with relatively small key sizes. The research in the field of ECC is mostly focused on its implementation on application specific systems. Such systems have restricted resources like storage, processing speed and domain specific CPU architecture. KEYWORDS Elliptic curve cryptography Public Key Cryptography, embedded systems, Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm ( ECDSA), Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman Key Exchange (ECDH) 1. INTRODUCTION The changing global scenario shows an elegant merging of computing and communication in such a way that computers with wired communication are being rapidly replaced to smaller handheld embedded computers using wireless communication in almost every field. This has increased data privacy and security requirements. -
Low Power Or High Performance? a Tradeoff Whose Time
Low Power or High Performance? ATradeoffWhoseTimeHasCome(andNearlyGone) JeongGil Ko1,KevinKlues2,ChristianRichter3,WanjaHofer4, Branislav Kusy3,MichaelBruenig3,ThomasSchmid5,QiangWang6, Prabal Dutta7,andAndreasTerzis1 1 Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University 2 Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley 3 Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization (CSIRO) 4 Department of Computer Science, Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg 5 Department Computer Science, University of Utah 6 Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology 7 Division of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Abstract. Some have argued that the dichotomy between high-performance op- eration and low resource utilization is false – an artifact that will soon succumb to Moore’s Law and careful engineering. If such claims prove to be true, then the traditional 8/16- vs. 32-bit power-performance tradeoffs become irrelevant, at least for some low-power embedded systems. We explore the veracity of this the- sis using the 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microprocessor and find quite substantial progress but not deliverance. The Cortex-M3, compared to 8/16-bit microcon- trollers, reduces latency and energy consumption for computationally intensive tasks as well as achieves near parity on code density. However, it still incurs a 2 overhead in power draw for “traditional” sense-store-send-sleep applica- tions.∼ × These results suggest that while 32-bit processors are not yet ready for applications with very tight power requirements, they are poised for adoption ev- erywhere else. Moore’s Law may yet prevail. 1Introduction The desire to operate unattended for long periods of time has been a driving force in de- signing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) over the past decade. -
Aicesis Presidency
20 YEARS 1999 2019 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCILS AND SIMILAR INSTITUTIONS President Iacob Baciu AICESIS PRESIDENCY SEPTEMBER 2017-OCTOBER 2019 President Iacob Baciu AICESIS PRESIDENCY – SEPTEMBER 2017-OCTOBER 2019 BOARD AND GENERAL ASSEMBLY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ILO-AICESIS-ESC OF ROMANIA 9 – 11 OCTOBER 2019, BUCHAREST, ROMANIA AICESIS PRESIDENCY BETWEEN SEPTEMBER 2017 AND OCTOBER 2019 President Iacob Baciu I had the privilege and honour of being the President of the International Asso- ciation of Economic and Social Councils and Similar Institutions (AICESIS) for a two-year term, from September 2017 to October 2019, and the main theme of my mandate was the digital revolution. Industry 4.0, as named by Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2011, represents the fourth stage of the Industrial Revolution and has brought major changes in the economy, labour relations, labour market, education, significantly influencing social life. The next industrial revolution finds itself on an unknown horizon and is difficult to predict. Humanity has come a long way in seeking its solutions to the problems it faces; history has recorded all the achievements, hesitations, mistakes, conflicts and progress made. Only if we learn from experience will we be able to avoid repeating the mistakes made. The first industrial revolution began at the end of the eighteenth century and in the first decades of the nineteenth century first in England, which managed to remain the world’s first industrial power until the end of the nineteenth century. In France, the industrial revolution evolved slowly, its beginnings dating back to the 1830s. The low demand for industrial products under a predominantly agrarian population meant that the true industrial era began only in 1890. -
A Comparative Study Between Operating Systems (Os) for the Internet of Things (Iot)
VOLUME 5 NO 4, 2017 A Comparative Study Between Operating Systems (Os) for the Internet of Things (IoT) Aberbach Hicham, Adil Jeghal, Abdelouahed Sabrim, Hamid Tairi LIIAN, Department of Mathematic & Computer Sciences, Sciences School, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Abstract : We describe The Internet of Things (IoT) as a network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data in real time with the outside world. It therefore assumes an operating system (OS) which is considered as an unavoidable point for good communication between all devices “objects”. For this purpose, this paper presents a comparative study between the popular known operating systems for internet of things . In a first step we will define in detail the advantages and disadvantages of each one , then another part of Interpretation is developed, in order to analyze the specific requirements that an OS should satisfy to be used and determine the most appropriate .This work will solve the problem of choice of operating system suitable for the Internet of things in order to incorporate it within our research team. Keywords: Internet of things , network, physical object ,sensors,operating system. 1 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is the vision of interconnecting objects, users and entities “objects”. Much, if not most, of the billions of intelligent devices on the Internet will be embedded systems equipped with an Operating Systems (OS) which is a system programs that manage computer resources whether tangible resources (like memory, storage, network, input/output etc.) or intangible resources (like running other computer programs as processes, providing logical ports for different network connections etc.), So it is the most important program that runs on a computer[1]. -
An Open-Source, Extensible System for Laboratory Timing and Control Peter E
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 80, 115103 ͑2009͒ An open-source, extensible system for laboratory timing and control Peter E. Gaskell,a͒ Jeremy J. Thorn, Sequoia Alba, and Daniel A. Steck Department of Physics and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1274, USA ͑Received 16 July 2009; accepted 25 September 2009; published online 3 November 2009͒ We describe a simple system for timing and control, which provides control of analog, digital, and radio-frequency signals. Our system differs from most common laboratory setups in that it is open source, built from off-the-shelf components, synchronized to a common and accurate clock, and connected over an Ethernet network. A simple bus architecture facilitates creating new and specialized devices with only moderate experience in circuit design. Each device operates independently, requiring only an Ethernet network connection to the controlling computer, a clock signal, and a trigger signal. This makes the system highly robust and scalable. The devices can all be connected to a single external clock, allowing synchronous operation of a large number of devices for situations requiring precise timing of many parallel control and acquisition channels. Provided an accurate enough clock, these devices are capable of triggering events separated by one day with near-microsecond precision. We have achieved precisions of ϳ0.1 ppb ͑parts per 109͒ over 16 s. © 2009 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3250825͔ I. INTRODUCTION ware must be run by a sufficiently primitive computer and the cost of upgrading the hardware to support modern inter- In a wide range of fields, including cold-atom physics, faces is prohibitive. -
RIOT: One OS to Rule Them All in the Iot Emmanuel Baccelli, Oliver Hahm
RIOT: One OS to Rule Them All in the IoT Emmanuel Baccelli, Oliver Hahm To cite this version: Emmanuel Baccelli, Oliver Hahm. RIOT: One OS to Rule Them All in the IoT. [Research Report] RR-8176, 2012. hal-00768685v1 HAL Id: hal-00768685 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00768685v1 Submitted on 3 Jan 2013 (v1), last revised 16 Jan 2013 (v3) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. RIOT: One OS to Rule Them All in the IoT E. Baccelli, O. Hahm RESEARCH REPORT N° 8176 December 2012 Project-Team HiPERCOM ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--8176--FR+ENG RIOT: One OS to Rule Them All in the IoT E. Baccelli, O. Hahm ∗ Project-Team HiPERCOM Research Report n° 8176 — December 2012 — 10 pages Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) embodies a wide spectrum of machines ranging from sensors powered by 8-bits microcontrollers, to devices powered by processors roughly equivalent to those found in entry-level smartphones. Neither traditional operating systems (OS) currently running on internet hosts, nor typical OS for sensor networks are capable to fulfill all at once the diverse requirements of such a wide range of devices.