Orchard Rd. As ’s premier shopping belt, is a vibrant and exciting street lined with shopping malls, hotels, and food and beverage offerings.

Orchard Road is developed under the central region in Master Plan planned by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)

Orchard Road underwent a $40 million rejuvenation with the planned landscape and infrastructural enhancements under Master Plan 2008 Distinctive Districts CENTRAL AREA The Central Area is envisioned .Bugis is a lively Arts, Learning and Heritage district. as a well-connected and Enhancements along Queen Street and Waterloo Street will provide walkable global city centre more spaces for street-based activities and improve the walkability of with abundant job and the area. business opportunities and endless options for leisure. It is Orchard Road is Singapore’s premier shopping street. Upcoming an area of strong local shopping malls and improvements to pedestrian connectivity are set to identity and rich built make it an even more attractive shopping destination heritage, and provides a variety of housing options Singapore is a charming, historic waterfront precinct with a within an attractive thriving nightlife. It promises to deliver more delightful experiences with environment where work and new place management initiatives. play are close by. The Central Business District (CBD) is the prime office district of Singapore, with a mix of supporting retail, residential and hotel uses. The CBD will extend further into Marina Bay, which is planned as a vibrant and sustainable mixed-use precinct.

The Civic District was Singapore’s early administrative and cultural centre, and is home to many historic buildings now reused for arts and cultural facilities. Improved pedestrian connectivity and enhancements to public spaces will strengthen its position as Singapore’s Civic and Cultural District.

Contextual study

Components About the case study About the location of the case study (a) Orchard Road (a) central region

Activity/use The connectivity of spaces in Orchard road which is vertical and linear diffuse to the open space The central region has a mixture of activities such as mix, vehicular and pedestrian Mixed land use Yes Yes

Linear type Yes No

Vertical type Yes No Movement pattern

Traffic Yes Yes

Pedestrian Yes Yes

Linear/mix Yes Yes

Built form typology In the central region, Orchard road act as the centre point of the typology Orchard road has a linear organization which is shown by the arrangement of the building.

Point No Yes

Linear Yes No Open space typology The open spaces in Orchard road is arrange in linear form due to the outdoor refreshment areas along the building. Residential areas in centre region creates enclosed typology. Linear Yes No

Enclosed No Yes ABOUT ORCHARD ROAD

Orchard Road is a 2.2km one-way street central region of Singapore and stretches from Road / Grange Road to .

Historical Context in the 1830s, Orchard Road area was the scene of gambier and pepper plantations. Later, nutmeg plantations and fruit orchards dominated the area by 1846,The spread of houses soon reached up to Tank Road.

One major sight during this period was a certain Mr. Orchard tending his garden, which helped endorse the road's name. By 1846, the Chinese had a large graveyard around what is now the Meritus Mandarin Hotel and In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills looking down through the valley where the road ran. Early in the 1890s, His Majesty Somdetch Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn, the supreme King of Siam, ABOUT ORCHARD ROAD

Orchard Road is a 2.2km one-way street central region of Singapore and stretches from Tanglin Road / Grange Road to Dhoby Ghaut.

Historical Context in the 1830s, Orchard Road area was the scene of gambier and pepper plantations. Later, nutmeg plantations and fruit orchards dominated the area by 1846,The spread of houses soon reached up to Tank Road.

One major sight during this period was a certain Mr. helped endorse the road's name. By 1846, the Chinese had a large graveyard around what is In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills looking down through the valley where the road ran. Early in the 1890s, His Majesty Somdetch Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn, the supreme King of Siam, acquired "Hurricane House" in the vicinity of Orchard Road ABOUT ORCHARD ROAD

Orchard Road is a 2.2km one-way street central region of Singapore and stretches from Tanglin Road / Grange Road to Dhoby Ghaut.

Historical Context in the 1830s, Orchard Road area was the scene of gambier and pepper plantations. Later, nutmeg plantations and fruit orchards dominated the area by 1846,The spread of houses soon reached up to Tank Road.

By 1846, the Chinese had a large graveyard around what is now the Meritus Mandarin Hotel and Ngee Ann City In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills looking down through the valley where the road ran. In the 1860s, Orchard Road had a great number of private houses and bungalows on hills looking down through the valley where the road ran. Early in the 1890s, His Majesty Somdetch Phra Paramindr Maha Chulalongkorn, the supreme King of Siam, acquired "Hurricane House" in the vicinity of Orchard Road In 1900, much of Orchard Road was still a tree flanked dirt road. In 1900, much of Orchard Road was still a tree flanked dirt road. On 30 March 1905, the Singapore Cold Storage opened their store to distribute food supplies. From the 1930s, Orchard Road became the new social magnet for the colonial city. The popular Orchard Market where Cuppage Plaza now sits, between Cuppage Road and Koek Road, provided fresh produce for residents until the mid-1960s.

In 1958, C.K. Tang Department store opened, and was a prominent landmark with its Chinese styled roof. In 1958, C.K. Tang Department store opened, and was a prominent landmark with its Chinese styled roof.

From the 1970s through to the 1980s, commercial and hotel development intensified resulting in the Mandarin Hotel (1973) with the "Top of the M" revolving restaurant that gives rare views of the road from the 39th floor and the pagoda-styled Singapore Marriott Hotel (formerly the Dynasty Hotel 1982) with links to C K Tang.

Busy Orchard Road became a one-way street from 1974 with the introduction of the Orchard Road-Orchard Boulevard pair scheme. FROM BRANDED STREET TO BRANDED EXPERIENCE

Orchard Road recently underwent a $40 million revamp. The Mall Enhancement works have created a more pleasant and congenial pedestrian experience for traversing from one shopping mall to another. By end of 2009,

The New Orchard Road will have more than 40 shopping malls and over 8 million square feet of retail space.

Urban Design Plan- Orchard Road Issues Singapore URA stressed the importance of taking into account the changing global trend in living and working patterns, variations in identify of urban neighbourhood and the strong sense of ‘islandness’ in the concept plan 2001 Objective/ Vision

enhance dynamism in building envelope design

enhance pedestrian engagement with retail spaces

Singapore’s Orchard Road has come to stand alongside Tokyo’s Omotesando, Paris’ Champs Elysees and New York’s Fifth Avenue as a shopping district of world renown. But the architectonics and spatial history of Orchard Road is distinctive and demands a unique discussion in the history of retail space

The roles of architecture and urbanism serve as transformative readings of this history. The architecture and planning of Orchard Road as retail hub must accommodate change; it must form a dynamic foundation for the confluence of individual, social and economic transformation. (STB) and Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) programmes have been ‘initiated to directly address and engage such dynamism. To enhance dynamism in To enhance pedestrian building envelope design engagement with retail spaces

Built form/ Open spaces

Movement pattern

activites To enhance dynamism in building envelope design To enhance Built form dynamism An Attractive and Vibrant Streetscape in building envelope Form and Massing design By encouraging innovative design, varied building forms, public spaces and various active uses along the Orchard Road pedestrian mall. The overall building form and massing of individual buildings is to consider how the building will be viewed as well as impact views from major approaches, key open spaces, and the pedestrian mall. The design of the building form and massing, together with the architectural treatment, is considering the scale, form and architectural expression of the surrounding buildings

To enhance dynamism in building envelope design

Building Height In general, the overall building height is higher around Orchard MRT station, marking the gateway to Orchard Road. The building heights step down towards the Somerset and Tanglin Road areas Through detailed 3D modelling work, we were able to define the structure’s geometry, enabling the use of the single-shell construction technique. The façade provides support to the overall structure, and without the need for internal support structures, the architectural intent was achieved. To offer a colourful, dynamic and multi-dimensional pedestrian experience Arup developed the technical design requirements for a high-resolution LED and low resolution lighting display for the façade. To enhance dynamism in building envelope design Roofscape The roof areas of both the high-rise and low-rise parts of developments are to be considered as the “fifth” elevations an designed to complement the overall form, massing and architectural treatment of each development and articulated to contribute to the skyline profile. The roofs are designed to be usable outdoor spaces.

To enhance dynamism in building envelope design Night Lighting All developments are strongly encouraged to include night lighting that expresses the architectural design and building form to contribute to the vibrancy and variety of the streetscape.

To enhance dynamism in building Movement pattern envelope design To maintain an attractive streetscape, any above-grade car park and service areas, including refuse bin centres, loading /unloading bays and vehicle ingress/ egress, storage lane(s), and vehicular drop-offs/ lay- bys, etc are to be fully integrated within the overall building form, and visually well- screened from above and on all sides. Sufficient holding bays for the vehicular access points to the car parks and service areas are to be provided within the development to ensure the smooth flow of vehicles along adjacent roads. Before and After: Transformation of driveway in front of Mandarin Hotel into Pedestrian Mall. To enhance dynamism in building envelope design Activities

Residential, commercial, retail and entertainment components are integrated in one attractive landscape precinct with pedestrian friendly, sheltered pathway that link the entire environment. The quality of mixed-use public realm with retail, dining and vibrant communal spaces is vital as successful in creating environments that people want to live and work in. ION Orchard Shop Paragon The Heeren Dine Iggy's Lawry's The Prime Rib Les Amis LP + TETSU

Stay Four Seasons S'pore Goodwood Park Hotel Grand Hyatt S'pore

Art Gallery Lescalier Gallery

Medical center Paragon Medical Center To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail spaces To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail spaces Built form Building Setback and Building Edge Orchard Road has a signature image of a wide tropical boulevard flanked by trees and buildings that reinforce and define the street by relating to a common building set-back line. Façade Articulations and Urban Verandahs are allowed to project into the building setback area to create more interesting and varied building frontages.

Façade Articulations are projections from the building façade within the 7.6m or 11.6m buffer along Orchard Road, and Grange Road in the Orchard Planning Area. Façade Articulations are allowed to project 4.0m from the existing building line. However projections beyond 4.0m up to a maximum of 7.5m at specific locations can be considered subject to design evaluation .

Urban Verandah is an unenclosed extension from the front façade of a building. Urban Verandahs are to be located above the 1st storey, which could support Outdoor Refreshment Areas (ORAs). The Urban Verandahs can be located on or above the 2nd storey of the development subject to design proposal. The Urban Verandah should connect to adjacent bus stops and covered walkways to form part of the pedestrian circulation network.

To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail spaces Activity Generating Uses (AGU), such as retail, food & beverage, entertainment, sports and recreation (such as gymnasiums and fitness centres, etc) and other similar uses are provided at the following locations: • The 1st storey of developments fronting key streets pedestrian malls and public spaces; and • Alongside the underground pedestrian walkways at the basement levels of the developments. AGUs provided along Discovery Walk.

To enhance pedestrian Outdoor Refreshment Areas engagement Outdoor Refreshment Areas and Kiosks with retail are encouraged at the first storey spaces directly fronting onto the pedestrian mall, as well as within courtyards and open plazas within developments that are adjacent to the public pedestrian network To enhance pedestrian engagement Movement pattern with retail spaces Pedestrian Network Orchard Planning Area is planned as a pedestrian-friendly area via a comprehensive pedestrian network at the 1st storey, basement, and 2nd storey. This network provides convenient, comfortable, and seamless connections between developments, transport facilities, and key spaces and attractions, and ensures all-weather comfort. To enhance pedestrian • At-Grade Pedestrian Network engagement The at-grade pedestrian network is augmented with retail by covered walkways that provide all-weather spaces protected pedestrian routes. The covered walkways function as public amenities. They are to be kept free of obstruction at all times.

• Underground Pedestrian Links (UPL) The Underground Pedestrian Network (UPN) complements the 1st storey pedestrian network and provides direct connection to Rapid Transit System (RTS) stations.

• Elevated Pedestrian Links (EPL) The Elevated Pedestrian Network complements the at-grade and underground pedestrian network to provide seamless connectivity between developments. Building owners and developers are encouraged to provide elevated links to connect between buildings. Through-block link at 313@Somerset, connecting the Somerset MRT station to Orchard Road. To enhance pedestrian engagement with retail spaces Activities

Activity-Generating Use Selected sites along Orchard Road incorporate public spaces within the private developments to provide space to support activities that contribute to the vibrancy of the street. These public spaces are designed to be conducive for the staging of events, be well-integrated with adjacent open and covered walkways, and are to be publicly accessible at all times.

Open spaces The open spaces have been fully utilized to engage the pedestrian

Outdoor refreshment Tree flanked Covered Outdoor area walkway walkway refreshment area The application of The interconnection of The planning of outdoor refreshment covered walkway under open spaces at the area as private open façade articulation and urban interval of buildings spaces to engage verandah with pedestrian to engage the pedestrian to retail walkway and outdoor experiences of spaces refreshment area grand boulevard

The urban development of orchard road is pushing toward the transformation of Singapore into a global trend of living and working pattern.

The URA stressed the importance of variation in identify of urban neighbourhood and transform Orchard road into a premier shopping street Strength Shortcomings

Achieve visual connectivity by The future planning of Orchard variation in geometries of the building Road has reached a stagnant and urban form. stage where too little spaces available for future development, Maximizing space by setting up enhancements are the only option planning guidelines for all the spaces for future planning at the moment including open space The development into global trend All the vision and objectives set in causing the lack of cultural master plan 2008 have been development in the street achieved successfully.

Conclusion

The long-term persistence of development toward the initial targeted planning have achieved a recognizable success. The urban design have been planned for a holistic development of the street. From nothing to everything, what can it be after everything.