Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 2 Liu_21cm_cosmology 17 Benneke_Exoplanets 63 BolducDuval_EPO 77 Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 89 Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 101 Radio Transients
Vicky Kaspi McGill U. For J. Ruan (McGill), G. Sivakoff (U. Alberta), P. Boyle (McGill), J. Brown (U. Calgary), M. Dobbs (McGill), M. Drout (U. Toronto), E. Fonseca (McGill), D. Haggard (McGIll), K. Masui (MIT), A. Naidu (McGill), C. Ng (U. Toronto), U. Pen (U. Toronto), P. Scholz (U. Toronto), J. Sievers (McGill), K. Smith (Perimeter), I. Stairs (UBC), K. Vanderlinde (U. Toronto)
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 2 Introduction
• Revolution driven by primarily by computing • Radio transients: • Fast Radio Bursts • Relatively new (since 2007) • Slow transients -- (GRBs, Novae/SNe, Tidal Disruption Events, X-ray Binaries) • Slow transients -- Multi-messenger (DNS, NS/BH) • aLIGO/Virgo GW revolution • Open questions described in WP and summarized here represent science recommendations for attention by WP authorship (but no TDE champion)
• Not considering pulsars, AGN, blazars here
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 3 Other relevant WPs
• E018 Lead: J. Di Francesco “The Next Generation Very Large Array” • E023 Lead: R. Hlozek “Science with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope” • E029 Lead: K. Vanderlinde “The Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector” • E035 Lead: J. Ruan “A Vision for Canadian Leadership in Multi-Messenger Astrophysics in the Next Decade” • E042 Lead: K. Spekkens “Canada and the SKA from 2020-2030” • E075 Lead. M. Rahman “Probing Diverse Phenomena through Data Driven Astronomy”
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 4 Fast Radio Bursts: Introduction
• Few-ms bursts of radio waves • ~1000/sky/day • Dispersion Measure (DM) indicates cosmological distances • Unknown origin • Few dozen published thus far • Several localizations thus far, host galaxies confirm cosmological • Some sources repeat CHIME/FRB Collaboration, ApJL, 2019. Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 5 CHIME/FRB Results Summarized
• First light July 2018 8 New repeaters, ApJL 2019 • Commissioning phase ending soon • Have detected 100s of events • 5 papers: • Overview, ApJ 2018 • 1st 13 events, Nature 2019 • 2nd repeater, Nature 2019 • 1st repeater detected, ApJL 2019 • 8 new repeaters, ApJL 2019 First 13 events; 2nd repeater • Many papers in prep. Nature, 2019 Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 6 FRB Open Questions 1: What is their Nature?
• Are FRBs Young or Old? Typically models suggest one or other (e.g. magnetar vs DNS); need localizations! • Are FRBs a Single Class? Are FRBs homogeneous pop. or are there multiple types? Hint: some repeat…need lots of detections, localizations • Could all FRBs be Repeaters? Could all be repeaters? Some analyses suggest yes…CHIME/FRB helpful • What are FRB Environments? What are their environments like? Counterparts? Need localizations, multi- wavelength follow-up • What is the Nature and Emission Mechanism of FRBs? What are FRBs and how do they produce such high L’s?
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 7 FRB Open Questions 2: Cosmic Probes?
• Can FRBs solve the “Missing” Baryon Problem? FRB DMs sensitive to warm/hot IGM and galaxy e- haloes; need 104 FRBs or more; more enabled with localizations/redshifts. • Can FRBs Constrain Cosmology/Fundamental Physics? Variety of applications beyond MBP: CMB optical depth, tests of EP, kSZ, photon mass limit, …; need large numbers, high z’s • Can FRBs Constrain Cosmic Magnetism? Precision RMs for large, localized sample could detect B-field order on large scales, expected for primordial fields; need large numbers • Can we Detect FRB Gravitational Lensing? Detection of lensing could constrain dark matter in 20-100Msun black 4 5 holes; Ho measurements maybe too. Need 10 -10 events. Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 8 Slow Transients: Open Questions
• What are the properties of relativistic jets and how do they evolve? Jet morphology poorly known; sensitive radio and multi-wavelength imaging & timing obs will make great progress; ngVLA, SKA, CHORD • Are relativistic jets launched due to the spin of the accretor or the accretion disk? High-res imaging, monitoring of many accreing NS, TDEs needed in concert with multi-wavelength obs; SKA, ngVLA, CHORD • What are the explosion mechanisms and progenitor systems of explosive transients? Monitoring of radio emission from explosive transient probes env. of progenitor: need ngVLA, SKA-1 Mid, CHORD • What is the nature of the transient radio sky? Systematic wide-area radio survey unprecedented; e.g. VLASS, AVSTS could reveal thousands of new sources; will require deeper follow-up with SKA-1 Mid, ngVLA
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 9 Slow Transients & MMA: Open Questions
• DNSs always produce GRB jets? Some jets may be “choked” by ejecta; need to observe many DNS mergers with high sensitivity, resolution • Structure of GRB jets? Top hat vs structured: need to monitor many in radio post-merger with high sensitivity • Kilonova ejecta make synchrotron afterglows? Fainter, peaks later than jet afterglow but can constrain eject properties, nucleosynthetic yield; need high sensitivity monitoring
• Measure Ho ? GWs give d, galaxy-ID gives z. But d-i degeneracy; can be broken via radio obs & modelling of synchrotron afterglow to get jet angle
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 10 CHORD Upcoming/Envisioned Instruments I • CHIME/FRB Outriggers • Build 2+ distant stations, buffer baseband & dump at CHIME/FRB trigger (Phase 1 of CHORD) • Initial design funded by Moore Foundation • CHORD (WP by Vanderlinde et al. E029) • Factor of several > rate rel. to CHIME: ~104/yr achievable • Unique broadband detection for emission mechanism, propagation • Localization of all events to tens of mas
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 11 Upcoming/Envisioned Instruments II
• ngVLA (WP by di Francesco et al. WP E018) • SKA (WP by Spekkens et al. WP E042) ngVLA • For FRBs: • useful for repeater studies, SKA-1 Mid monitoring/study of localized FRBs • SKA1-Mid likely best option for FRB discovery, offering ~CHIME rate and localization (Macquart et al. 2015) • For Slow Transients: very useful for high-sensitivity monitoring of light curves, esp. in concert with other bands e.g. X-rays. Also high-res imaging very useful.
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 12 Instrument Comparison Matrix
CHIME/FRB CHORD ngVLA SKA Outriggers FRB Nature A A B B- FRB as Probes A A C B- Slow Transients C B A A Slow Transients - MMA C B A A
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 13 Risks Logistical/Political Risks Science Risks
• • FRBs: not realizing their potential as CHIME/FRB Outriggers: CHIME cosmic probes by not having a large requires continued operations sample with z’s. • Mitigated by CHIME/Outriggers and funding post-2022; no obvious CHORD; SKA1-Mid could help too source but time delay a factor! • FRBs: could we learn something that • FRB localization: need time on would change observational strategy optical telescopes to identify • Regardless, want high stats, localizations host galaxies, measure z’s. • Multi-messenger astrophysics: observable DNS and NS/BH mergers • Wide-field optical surveys (LSST, rare PanSTARRS) will mitigate this
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 14 Synergies
• FRB localization synergy with optical observers, wide-field • E.g. LSST • FRB cosmological probes synergy with cosmology and galaxy evolution communities • Slow transients naturally multi-wavelength; synergy with other observational communities; science synergy with compact objects community • MMA synergy with multi-wavelength and GW communities; compact objects community • General synergies with Big Data, HPC community
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 15 Multi-wavelength timing probes jet properties and launching
Black Hole X-ray Binary Cyg X-1 (VLA) Black Hole X-ray Binary Cyg X-1 (VLA+NuSTAR) Tetarenko (Sivakoff, Tetarenko) + Tetarenko (Sivakoff, Tetarenko) + 2019 2019
Kaspi_RadioTransients_LRP2020 16 21CM COSMOLOGY IN CANADA
Adrian Liu, McGill University
Liu_21cm_cosmology LRP Town Hall, 1st November 201917 What’s our mission?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 18 Hydrogen is everywhere, and the 21cm line allows us to trace hydrogen
Emit radio wave with
21cm wavelength
Absorb radio wave with
21cm wavelength
Liu_21cm_cosmology 19 We have yet to observe most of the observable Universe
“r=ct”
Liu_21cm_cosmology 20 We have yet to observe most of the observable Universe
“r=ct”
Liu_21cm_cosmology 21 Spatial patterns vs…
Angle on sky
Liu_21cm_cosmology 22 Spatial patterns vs…
Average over sky
Pritchard & Loeb (2010)
… the mean (“global”) signal?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 23 What’s the status of the field?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 24 • At low redshifts (z < 6; post-reionization):
• Positive detections of spatial fluctuations in cross-correlations at z ~ 0 and z ~0.8
• At high redshifts (z > 6; during or before reionization):
• Increasingly stringent upper limits on spatial fluctuations.
• A possible detection of the global signal at z ~ 17 (still needs to be checked!)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 25 Masui et al. (2013)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 26 • At low redshifts (z < 6; post-reionization):
• Positive detections of spatial fluctuations in cross-correlations at z ~ 0 and z ~0.8
• At high redshifts (z > 6; during or before reionization):
• Increasingly stringent upper limits on spatial fluctuations.
• A possible detection of the global signal at z ~ 17 (still needs to be checked!)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 27 Compilation from Liu & Shaw (2019)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 28 • At low redshifts (z < 6; post-reionization):
• Positive detections of spatial fluctuations in cross-correlations at z ~ 0 and z ~0.8
• At high redshifts (z > 6; during or before reionization):
• Increasingly stringent upper limits on spatial fluctuations.
• A possible detection of the global signal at z ~ 17 (still needs to be checked!)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 29 Age of Universe [Myr] 0.2 150 200 250 300
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 Bowman et al. (2018)
21cm Brightness Temperature [K] 21cm Brightness Temperature 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 Redshift Liu_21cm_cosmology 30 Age of Universe [Myr] 0.2 150 200 250 300 Deep! 0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6 Bowman et al. (2018)
21cm Brightness Temperature [K] 21cm Brightness Temperature 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 Redshift Liu_21cm_cosmology 31 What are the white papers relevant to your topic and what is their scope?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 32 • W009: Low-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W012: High-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W028: The Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)
• W038: Astrophysics and Cosmology with Line Intensity Mapping
• W046: Canada and the SKA from 2020-2030
Liu_21cm_cosmology 33 • W009: Low-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W012: High-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W028: The Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)
• W038: Astrophysics and Cosmology with Line Intensity Mapping
• W046: Canada and the SKA fromBroad 2020-2030 overviews
Liu_21cm_cosmology 34 • W009: Low-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W012: High-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W028: The Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)
• W038: Astrophysics and CosmologyInstrument with proposal Line Intensity Mapping
• W046: Canada and the SKA from 2020-2030
Liu_21cm_cosmology 35 • W009: Low-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W012: High-redshift 21cm Cosmology in Canada
• W028: The Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)
• W038: Astrophysics and Cosmology with Line Intensity Mapping
• W046: Canada and the SKA from 2020-2030
Canadian involvement in big international effort Liu_21cm_cosmology 36 What are the key recommendations?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 37 One-sentence summary of recommendations: Small-to-medium scale investments in high-z instruments (both 21cm and complementary lines); medium-scale investment in low-z successor to CHIME; larger investment to enable Canadian participation in SKA
Liu_21cm_cosmology 38 Key Canadian involvement with high-z 21cm experiments
GMRT: World’s first 21cm EoR Leadership in
Liu_21cm_cosmologyupper limits MWA, HERA, SKA 39 Key Canadian involvement with high-z 21cm experiments
PRIZM led from Canada; Canadian participation in EDGES, SARAS
Liu_21cm_cosmology 40 Key Canadian involvement with high-z 21cm experiments
• Recommend: continued investments, which can be on small to medium scales: • Spatial mapping experiments are really “software telescopes” now. • Global signal experiments quite accessible at the scale of a single research group • Small scale hardware tests may provide the first steps towards the Dark Ages
Liu_21cm_cosmology 41 Key Canadian involvement with low-z 21cm experiments
Canada leads 21cm cosmology at z < 6 in both hemispheres (CHIME & HIRAX)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 42 Key Canadian involvement with low-z 21cm experiments
• Recommend: continue to push towards first detections from current instruments, but to simultaneously take the lessons learned from current-generation instruments and to invest in new medium (~$20M) class instruments, maintaining Canadian global leadership
Liu_21cm_cosmology 43 Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 44 Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)
• Drawing from lessons of the current generation: • Ultrawide band feeds (300 to 1500 MHz), with special care paid to smooth spectral response • Highly reproducible composite dishes
Liu_21cm_cosmology 45 Canadian Hydrogen Observatory and Radio-transient Detector (CHORD)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 46 Continued formal Canadian participation in the SKA
• Recommend: • O($200M) investment over the decade, for construction, operations, and SKA regional centre. • Membership model for Intergovernmental Organization for full scientific + leadership rights (See Kristine Spekkens’ LRP town hall talk in ON)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 47 Complementary lines are important for science and validation
HI signal mostly from unionized regions (i.e., mostly not from galaxies)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 48 Complementary lines are important for science and validation
[CII] signal comes from inside galaxies
Liu_21cm_cosmology 49 W038 Breysse et al. white paper
Liu_21cm_cosmology 50 Complementary lines are important for science and validation
• Recommend: Funding/support for experimental efforts like TIME or CCAT-p
Liu_21cm_cosmology 51 What are the timelines?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 52 Liu_21cm_cosmology 53 Small-scale tech development throughout
Liu_21cm_cosmology 54 Small-scale tech development throughout
CHIME, HERA, MWA, HIRAX, …. ?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 55 Small-scale tech development throughout
CHIME, HERA, MWA, HIRAX, …. ? CCAT-p, TIME, COMAP first light
Liu_21cm_cosmology 56 Small-scale tech development throughout
CHIME, HERA, MWA, HIRAX, …. ? CCAT-p, TIME, COMAP first light
CHORD core CHORD core construction observations
Liu_21cm_cosmology 57 What are the risks?
Liu_21cm_cosmology 58 • A 21-cm auto power spectrum detection has not yet been made, because of challenging foregrounds “talking” to instrument systematics • Cross-correlation already providing good science (e.g., Anderson et al. 2018 red vs blue galaxies) • Upper limits are good science too! (e.g., ruling out or confirming EDGES) • General facilities will do lots of other great science with an exquisitely calibrated instrument for cosmology (e.g., SKA or CHIME FRB)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 59 • A 21-cm auto power spectrum detection has not yet been made, because of challenging foregrounds “talking” to instrument systematics • Cross-correlations already providing good science (e.g., Anderson et al. 2018 red vs blue galaxies) • Upper limits are good science too! (e.g., ruling out or confirming EDGES) • General facilities will do lots of other great science with an exquisitely calibrated instrument for cosmology (e.g., SKA or CHIME FRB)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 60 • A 21-cm auto power spectrum detection has not yet been made, because of challenging foregrounds “talking” to instrument systematics • Cross-correlations already providing good Thisscience is (e.g., a particularly Anderson et al. 2018exciting red vs blue galaxies) time; we have data now, which • Upper limits are good science too! (e.g., ruling out meansor confirming we EDGES) can now put • everythingGeneral facilities intowill do practice lots of other andgreat science with an exquisitely calibrated instrument for cosmologymake (e.g., it SKAall workor CHIME FRB)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 61 The rewards are great
• Redshift frontier: open up Dark Ages, Cosmic Dawn, and Reionization to direct observations; long redshift lever arms for post-reionization cosmology
• Sensitivity frontier: larger volumes means smaller errors
• Scale frontier: smallest and largest scales
Tegmark & Zaldarriaga (2008)
Liu_21cm_cosmology 62 Exoplanet Science in 2020s: Canada’s Pathway Towards Searching for Life on Potentially Earth-like Exoplanets
Björn Benneke Department of Physics, Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx) University of Montréal
Nick Cowan, McGill University Étienne Artigau, Université de Montréal Jessica Speedie, McMaster University Jason Rowe, Bishop's University Benjamin L. Gerard, University of Victoria Pierre Bastien, Université de Montréal Neil James Cook, Université de Montréal Lison Malo, Université de Montréal Christian Marois, NRC-Herzberg Loïc Albert, Université de Montréal Jonathan Gagné, Université de Montréal Stanimir Metchev, Western University Ngo Henry, NRC-Herzberg Simon-Gabriel Beauvais, Université de Montréal John Moores, York University Paul Godin, York University Ryan Cloutier, Harvard University Eve Lee, McGill University Akash Chauhan, York University Charles Cadieux, Université de Montréal Antoine Darveau-Bernier, Université de Montréal Geert Jan Talens, Université de Montréal Aaron Boley, University of British Columbia Junchan Lee, York University Miranda Herman, University of Toronto René Doyon, Université de Montréal Stefan Pelletier, Université de Montréal Christopher Mann, Université de Montréal Andrew Cumming, McGill University Louis-Phillippe Coulombe, Université de Montréal Caroline Piaulet, Université de Montréal Jaymie Matthews, University of British Columbia Paulo Miles-Páez, European Southern Observatory Lauren Weiss, University of Hawaii Melissa Marquette, McGill University Jonathan Chan, Université de Montréal David Lafrenière, Université de Montréal Taylor Bell, McGill University Josh Hedgepeth, Western University Kimberly Strong, University of Toronto Michael Radica, Université de Montréal Mohamad Ali-Dib, Université de Montréal Brett Gladman, University of British Columbia Nathalie Ouellette, Université de Montréal Alex Ellery, Charleton University Kristen Menou, University of Toronto Lisa Dang, McGill University Christopher Lee, University of Toronto Marie-Eve Naud, Université de Montréal Daniel Thorngren, Université de Montréal Diana Valencia, University of Toronto Keavin Moore, McGill University Thomas Navarro, McGill University Dimitri Mawet, California Institute of Technology Olivia Lim, Université de Montréal Giang Nguyen, University of Toronto Benneke_Exoplanets Yanqin Wu, University of Toronto Dylan Keating, McGill University 63 Prashansa Gupta, Université de Montréal Tim Hallatt, McGill University The 2020s: A unique moment in the history of humanity
For the first time, we have the technologies at hand to discover and characterize a wide range of exoplanetary systems, possibly harboring true Earth analogues.
The opportunity is no less than answering humanity’s millennia old questions:
“Are we alone?” “How did we get here?”.
The best part: Canada can play a leading role in this historic endeavor, if we (the LRP2020) make deliberate strategic investments over the next decade.
Benneke_Exoplanets 64 Exoplanet science in Canada: fastest growing community in astronomy
• 11 exoplanet professors hired since 2011 at top institutions across Canada (most since 2014)
• Young, well-connected community
• Median age of professors is ~40
• New institutes and organization across Canada since 2013 • Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx) at Montréal • Centre for Planetary Sciences at the University of Toronto • NRC New Earth laboratory • Technologies for Exo-Planetary Science (TEPS) NSERC CREATE program • McGill Space Institute heavily invested in exoplanet science
Benneke_Exoplanets 65 Exoplanet science in Canada: continued leadership from the start
First extrasolar planets discovered using precision radial velocities (Campbell et al., 1988; Mayor & Queloz, 1995)
First detection of an extrasolar planetary atmosphere (Charbonneau et al., 2002)
First directly imaged exoplanetary system (Marois et al., 2008)
First inference of water clouds in the atmosphere of a habitable zone world outside our Solar System (Benneke et al., 2019) Benneke_Exoplanets 66 Leadership in key technologies
• High-contrast imaging
High Dispersion Spectroscopy (HDS) in near-infrared NIRPS Back-end
MOST
Benneke_Exoplanets High-precision space-based photometry 67 Canada can and should (!) play a leading role in the historic endeavor of revealing life outside the solar system
Warning!
While we know exactly what we need, currently the very little instrumentation funding allocated in Canada.
Partially because at the time of LRP2010, exoplanets was still a tiny community
LRP2020 is critical !
Benneke_Exoplanets 68 Two complementary pathways towards identifying biomarkers outside the Solar System
Benneke_Exoplanets 69 Science questions and objectives for the next decade
1. Understand the processes by which stars and their planets form, and how these processes shape the resulting system. Understand how planetary systems evolve over time by observing and characterizing protoplanetary disks, to debris disks, to Gyrs-old mature systems, looking for signs of potential planet-disk interactions and planet-disk interactions, as well as young and mature planetary systems.
2. Establish profiles of rocky planets, ice giants, and gas giants. Characterize diverse targets to elucidate how each broad type of planet is impacted by orbital period, semi-major axis, insolation, spin rate, composition, atmospheric properties, etc.
3. Establish which parameters determine habitability and categorize biomarkers, including CH4, CO, H2O, and NH3. Establish the impact of formation on habitability and characterize habitable zones of K and M dwarfs.
4. Determine potential biomarkers and test their observable impact on planetary atmospheres. Distinguish between potential biosignatures and false positives due to non-biological processes.
Benneke_Exoplanets 70 High-Dispersion Coronagraphy on the 30-meter telescopes:
Probing all habitable-zone around nearby M-star system
scale)
-
star contrast (Log contrast star
-
to
- Planet
Benneke_Exoplanets 71 Distance [parsecs] Benneke_Exoplanets 72 Benneke_Exoplanets 73 True Earth analogs around Sun-like stars with HabEx & LUVOIR
• Canadian astronomers should begin conversations with our international partners to identify a key role for Canada Benneke_Exoplanets 74 Conclusions and Recommendations for the LRP2020
Fueled by the recent progress and the enormous prospects of exoplanet science in the coming years, a large fraction of new faculty hires in Canada’s astronomy community has been in exoplanet science.
The 2020s present a unique opportunity in the history of humanity. Canada is extremely well positioned to play a leading role in this historic endeavour if we make deliberate strategic investments in the next decade.
We recommend: 1) Canada should make deliberate investments in the research and development to construct high- dispersion coronagraph (HDC) instruments for the 30-meter class telescopes. – In all likelihood, these will be the first instruments capable of probing for biosignatures such as oxygen on habitables zone planets around our Solar System, specifically around nearby M-stars. – Canada is one of the leaders in the both key technologies
Benneke_Exoplanets 75 Conclusions and Recommendations for the LRP2020
2) Canadian astronomers should begin conversations with our international partners to identify a key role for Canada in large NASA and ESA-led exoplanet missions. • In the short-term, the CSA can make a modest hardware contribution to ESA’s ARIEL mission, which will fly by the end of the 2020’s. • We should also support technological development in order to position ourselves to make a 5% contribution to LUVOIR or HabEx, which would fly in the late 2030’s. As with the James Webb Space Telescope, Canada should take the leadership on a scientific instrument or key component of a multi-purpose telescope like LUVOIR
3) In the medium term, it is of great importance to Canadian exoplanet community to continue the operation of CFHT/SPIRou or to find an equivalent telescope for its continued operation. • The proposed Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE) and the nominal first-light instruments on the TMT are not ideally suited for exoplanet research and do not present an equivalent resource for the Canadian exoplanet community
4) We recommend to build a balanced portfolio of small and large missions led by Canada including near term missions such as POEP, the development of the EPPE mission, and to build capacity for flagship missions. Benneke_Exoplanets 76 EDUCATION & PUBLIC OUTREACH
Julie Bolduc-Duval LRP Townhall – Montreal, Nov. 1 2019
BolducDuval_EPO 77 SITUATION
PAST TODAY FUTURE EPO is not EPO is Sustainable important important EPO
BolducDuval_EPO 78 CHALLENGE
FUNDING!
Sustained high-impact EPO costs money. It can’t be done entirely on a volunteer basis, any more than research can.
BolducDuval_EPO 79 CHALLENGE
FUNDING!
The 1.5% problem : all LRPs have recommended that 1.5% of any project be allocated towards EPO. It never happened because the funding agencies don’t allow it.
BolducDuval_EPO 80 CHALLENGE
FUNDING!
The astronomy community should advocate for a funding system which supports EPO components of research projects.
Also: fundraising, philanthropy, donations, CASCA’s membership fees…
BolducDuval_EPO 81 WHERE WE WANT TO GO
NATIONAL COORDINATOR • coordinate national initiatives (ex: Westar Lectureship, NameExoWorlds…); • promote Canadian facilities and news; • curate/create resources for EPO initiatives which will help all astronomers; • provide guidance to local or project-based EPO initiatives; • coordinate EPO training for astronomers;
• manage a central website highlighting Canadian astronomy (observatories, news…) – astronomycanada.ca/astronomiecanada.ca
BolducDuval_EPO 82 WHERE WE WANT TO GO
LOCAL EPO LEADERSHIP • institutes and departments to include EPO in their mandate and hire personnel to make it work; • great positions for HQP;
EPO PLAN IN LARGE PROJECTS • new observatories/projects should include a plan for EPO; • CHIME is an example of a project which could really use an EPO plan;
BolducDuval_EPO 83 CULTURAL CHANGE
Education and Public Outreach should be an integral part of Canadian astronomy and be included in all projects.
See white papers: • CASCA’S EPO Committee White Paper: Proposed National EPO Projects for CASCA, by Langill et al. • Astronomy Advocacy and Engagement, by Ouellette et al.
BolducDuval_EPO 84 ASTRO EPO FOR A BETTER WORLD
Astronomy offers a unique view of our planet, its inhabitants and its resources.
This is an amazing opportunity and responsibility.
BolducDuval_EPO 85 ASTRONOMY FOR A BETTER WORLD
In EPO initiatives, astronomers can and should include concepts related to human’s impact on the planet (climate change, limited resources…) and of global citizenship.
In their research activities, astronomers should strive to being positive leaders to reduce their negative impacts on the planet and have a positive impact on all humans.
BolducDuval_EPO 86 ASTRONOMY FOR A BETTER WORLD
See white papers: • Astronomy and UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goals, by Bolduc-Duval et al. • Astronomy in a Low-Carbon Future, by Matzner et al. • Indigenizing the Next Decade of Astronomy in Canada, by Neilson et al. • Equity, Diversity and Inclusion in the Canadian Astronomical Society in the Next Decade, by Spekkens et al.
BolducDuval_EPO 87 There’s amazing research being done by Canadian astronomers, it deserves to be shared better with the public.
Science literacy seems to be declining (fake news, skepticism towards science…) - EPO is more important than ever and needs to be funded. Astronomers should use their positions and knowledge to be agents of positive change in the world.
BolducDuval_EPO 88 ASTRONOMY RESEARCH AT COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES E046
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 89 RESEARCH AT PRIMARILY UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITIES
“Institution Diversity Is a Strength”
Bishop’s University
Campion
University of Lethbridge
Mount Allison University
Saint Mary’s University
Trent University
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 90 SMALL UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCE
Primarily Undergraduate
Liberal Art Education
Under represented regions of Canada
Modest opportunities to supervise graduate students or post-doctoral fellows
Benefits and challenges of being at a Smaller Institution
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 91 TEACHING BALANCE
Significant Course Load
5 courses/year
Limited TA support
Some institutions provide course relief based on external funding
Focus on Undergraduate Experience
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 92 RESEARCH SUPPORT
Small Research Offices
Easy to get attention
Less Internal Competition
Lack of proposal development support for major grants
Pressure on Canada “Naylor Report” Funding sources
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 93 GROWING RESEARCH CAPACITY
NSERC Research Capacity Development in Small Universities (RCDSU)
Relatively small amounts of funding can have a significant impact on capacity growth
Research Scientists
Professional programs have significantly grown in importance to universities, as have fees from foreign students
Training and Course Costs
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 94 RESEARCH PERSONNEL
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 95 TRAINING HIGHLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
Undergraduate opportunities are numerous
Limited opportunities for graduate students, postdocs
Researcher needs to support HQP Training at 100% levels from external grants
Recruitment of Graduate Students / PDFs
Researcher “Burn-out” Evaluation scores for NSERC Discovery Grant applications
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 96 CFI OPPORTUNITY
Small Universities have limited envelopes
1.75 - 3M
Commonly undersubscribed
In-kind Contributions
Limited Capacity
Pooling Resources / Collaborations
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 97 “PAY TO PLAY”
Departure from a system based on Scientific Merit to a system based fiscal/in- kind resources
Twinkle
Canadian LSST Consortium
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 98 ISOLATION
Small (singular) Research Groups
Maple League of Universities
Bishop’s, Mount Allison, Acadia, and St. Francis Xavier
Streaming Colloquium Talks
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 99 SUMMARY
Astrophysical research at primarily undergraduate universities is an asset to the Canadian Community
Growing Collaborations and Research Capacity
Newly formed Maple League is a good example
CASCA should continue to lobby NSERC to support programs like RCDSU
Colloquium talks that are live-streamed or archived can also be beneficial, and larger institutions should be encouraged to make this available.
ACCRU institutions have a strong reputation at the undergraduate level
start of training the next generation of astronomy
Rowe_Comprehensive_univ_LRP-Townhall-UdeM 100 Equity, Diversity and Inclusion and LRP2020
Kristine Spekkens RoyalSpekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov Military College 101 Astronomy is for everyone. Innate intellectual ability does not depend on gender, race, or ethnicity. Under-representation therefore implies that we aren’t exploiting our potential to discover the universe.
Diversity matters. Diverse workplaces are more creative, productive and satisfying; personal connections reduce bias; role models are influential.
Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) should be a priority for Canadian astronomy. Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 102 Mahkeo, <
W007 Indigenizing the next decade of astronomy in Canada (Neilson+) W008 Astronomy on Maunakea: On Respecting Indigenous Rights (Neilson+) W045 Astronomy Advocacy and Engagement (Ouellette+) W061 EDI in CASCA in the Next Decade (Spekkens+) W064 Opportunities and Outcomes for Postdocs in Canada (Ngo+)
Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 103 W007.1 That CASCA partner with Indigenous organizations to support Indigenous education and diversity in astronomy and STEM. W007.2 That CASCA collaborate with the National Research Council Herzberg, the Canadian Space Agency and other facilities to create programs in which a share of the telescope time is used for programs that promote education and inclusion for Indigenous and underrepresented people and schools in Canada and around the world. W007.4 That CASCA create scholarships and funding specifically for Indigenous peoples to participate in physics and astronomy. W007.5 That CASCA advocate for diversity hiring initiatives at the postdoctoral and faculty level, and hold university policies to account. W007.6 That CASCA should set targets to increase Indigenous participation at all levels of membership that are consistent with the general demographics and take actions to encourage greater involvement, including the creation of new membership categories. W007.7 Detailed historical, political, social and cultural context about Indigenous peoples in lands where Canada uses facilities such as Hawaii, Arizona, Chile, Australia, South Africa and other regions needs to be available to any CASCA members in leadership positions. W007.8 That CASCA funds the development of a diversity training program for faculty, post-docs and students that directly educates on issues regarding Indigeneity in Canada and in the world. W007.9 That CASCA offers funding for students, post-docs and faculty to participate in diversity, equity, inclusion organizations such as .caISEs, SACNAS, that promote the inclusionEDI of Indigenous Recommendations peoples in STEM. W007.10 That CASCA becomes an example for other countries for its programs regarding Indigenizing astronomy and share its educational material around the world. W061.1 The CASCA Board should commit to creating and maintaining a comprehensive national database of its members. W061.2 The CASCA Board should prioritize updating the CASCA Mission and Ethics statements and creating a Values Statement and a Code of Ethics. W061.3 The CASCA Board should prioritize EDI training within the CASCA membership. W061.4 The CASCA Board should endorse the exploration of a national mentoring strategy for early-career astronomers. W061.5 The CASCA Board should commit to the principles of the Dimensions Charter, and encourage its members and their institutions to do the same. W045.1 We recommend that CASCA hire a paid Press Officer that can assist CASCA members in disseminating their scientific results to the public and the media and help connect astronomers to science journalists across Canada and internationally. W064.3 CASCA should form a committee to advocate for and provide support to astronomy PDFs in Canada. Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 104 W064.4 CASCA should encourage universities to create offices dedicated to their PDFs. W007.1 That CASCA partner with Indigenous organizations to support Indigenous education and diversity in astronomy and STEM. W007.2 That CASCA collaborate with the National Research Council Herzberg, the Canadian Space Agency and other facilities to create programs in which a share of the telescope time is used for programs that promote education and inclusion for Indigenous and underrepresented people and schools in Canada and around the world. W007.4 That CASCA create scholarships and funding specifically for Indigenous peoples to participate in physics and astronomy. W007.5 That CASCA advocate for diversity hiring initiatives at the postdoctoral and faculty level, and hold university policies to account. W007.6 That CASCA should set targets to increase Indigenous participation at all levels of membership that are consistent with the general demographics and take actions to encourage greater involvement, including the creation of new membership categories. W007.7 Detailed historical, political, social and cultural context about Indigenous peoples in lands where Canada uses facilities such as Hawaii, Arizona, Chile, Australia, South Africa and other regions needs to be available to any CASCA members in leadership positions. W007.8 That CASCA funds the development of a diversity training program for faculty, post-docs and students that directly educates on issues regarding Indigeneity in Canada and in the world. W007.9 That CASCA offers funding for students, post-docs and faculty to participate in diversity, equity, inclusion organizations such as .caISEs, SACNAS, that promote the inclusionEDI of Indigenous Recommendations peoples in STEM. W007.10 That CASCA becomes an example for other countries for its programs regarding Indigenizing astronomy and share its educational material around the world. W061.1 The CASCA Board should commit to creating and maintaining a comprehensive national database of its members. W061.2 The CASCA Board should prioritize updating the CASCA Mission and Ethics statements and creating a Values Statement and a Code of Ethics. W061.3 The CASCA Board should prioritize EDI training within the CASCA membership. W061.4 The CASCA Board should endorse the exploration of a national mentoring strategy for early-career astronomers. W061.5 The CASCA Board should commit to the principles of the Dimensions Charter, and encourage its members and their institutions to do the same. W045.1 We recommend that CASCA hire a paid Press Officer that can assist CASCA members in disseminating their scientific results to the public and the media and help connect astronomers to science journalists across Canada and internationally. W064.3 CASCA should form a committee to advocate for and provide support to astronomy PDFs in Canada. Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 105 W064.4 CASCA should encourage universities to create offices dedicated to their PDFs. W007.1 That CASCA partner with Indigenous organizations to support Indigenous education and diversity in astronomy and STEM. W007.2 That CASCA collaborate with the National Research Council Herzberg, the Canadian Space Agency and other facilities to create programs in which a share of the telescope time is used for programs that promote education and inclusion for Indigenous and underrepresented people and schools in Canada and aroundAdvocacy the world. W007.4 That CASCA create scholarships and funding specifically for Indigenous peoples to participate in physics and astronomy. W007.5 That CASCA advocate for diversity hiring initiatives at the postdoctoral and faculty level, and hold university policies to account. W007.6 That CASCA should set targets to increase Indigenous participation at all levels of membership that are consistent with the general demographics and take actions to encourage greater involvement, including the creation of new membership categories. W007.7 Detailed historical, political, social and culturalOpportunities context about Indigenous peoples in lands where Canada uses facilities such as Hawaii, Arizona, Chile, Australia, South Africa and other regions needs to be available to any CASCA members in leadership positions. W007.8 That CASCA funds the development of a diversity training program for faculty, post-docs and students that directly educates on issues regarding Indigeneity in Canada and in the world. W007.9 That CASCA offers funding for students, post-docs and faculty to participate in diversity, equity, inclusion organizations such as .caISEs, SACNAS, that promote the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in STEM. W007.10 That CASCA becomes an example for otherPartnerships countries for its programs regarding Indigenizing astronomy and share its educational material around the world. W061.1 The CASCA Board should commit to creating and maintaining a comprehensive national database of its members. W061.2 The CASCA Board should prioritize updating the CASCA Mission and Ethics statements and creating a Values Statement and a Code of Ethics. W061.3 The CASCA Board should prioritize EDI trainingResources within the CASCA membership. W061.4 The CASCA Board should endorse the exploration of a national mentoring strategy for early-career astronomers. W061.5 The CASCA Board should commit to the principles of the Dimensions Charter, and encourage its members and their institutions to do the same. W045.1 We recommend that CASCA hire a paid Press Officer that can assist CASCA members in disseminating their scientific results to the public and the media and help connect astronomers to Policyscience journalists across Canada and internationally. W064.3 CASCA should form a committee to advocate for and provide support to astronomy PDFs in Canada. Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 106 W064.4 CASCA should encourage universities to create offices dedicated to their PDFs. Advocacy “The CASCA Board should commit to the principles of the Dimensions Charter, and encourage its members and their institutions to do the same.” [W061.5] “That CASCA becomes an example for other countries for its programs regarding Indigenizing astronomy and share its educational material around the world.” [W007.10] “CASCA should encourage universities to create offices dedicated to their PDFs.” [W064.4]
“That CASCA advocate for diversity hiring initiatives at the postdoctoral and faculty level, and hold university policies to account.” [W007.5]
Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 107 Image Image credit: Pharmacy Technician Society of Alberta Opportunities Participation: • Scholarships for Indigenous participation in physics and astronomy [W007.4] • Funding to participate in EDI organisations/conferences [W007.9] • Telescope time for underrepresented groups [W007.2] • Mentorship of early-career researchers [W061.4] Education: • EDI training, and information on Indigenous context in lands where Canada uses facilities, for CASCA committee members [W061.3, W007.8] • Dedicated EDI plenary sessions at CASCA AGMs [W007.7, W061.3] Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 108 Image Image credit: R. Sexton Partnerships Within astronomy: • Mentorship of early-career researchers [W061.4] • CASCA – NRC – CSA program partnerships [W007.2]
Beyond astronomy: • Partnerships that bring in external EDI expertise, e.g. Indigenous organisations, workshop facilitators, press officers
Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov[W061.3, W054.1, W007.1] 109 Image Image credit: Depression and Bipolar AllianceSupport • Scholarships for Indigenous students [W007.4] Resources • Funding to participate in EDI organisations, Financial support conferences [W007.9] or grants • Telescope time for underrepresented groups [W007.2]
• EDI expertise, e.g. Indigenous organisations, workshop facilitators, press officers [W061.3, W054.1, Remunerating W007.1] expertise • Technical expertise (computational, legal) [W007.1, W007.4]
Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 110 Image credit: A. Tselichtchev Policy
• Commit to creating and maintaining a comprehensive national member database [W061.1]
• Update the Mission and Ethics statements, create a Values Statement and a Code of Ethics [W061.2]
• Set targets to increase Indigenous membership, and encourage greater involvement by creating new membership categories [W007.6] • Constitute committees on Indigenizing Astronomy, PDF Support [W007.1, W064.4] FRSecure
Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 111 Image Image credit: W007.1 That CASCA partner with Indigenous organizations to support Indigenous education and diversity in astronomy and STEM. W007.2 That CASCA collaborate with the National Research Council Herzberg, the Canadian Space Agency and other facilities to create programs in which a share of the telescope time is used for programs that promote education and inclusion for Indigenous and underrepresented people and schools in Canada and around the world. W007.4 That CASCA create scholarships and funding specifically for Indigenous peoples to participate in physics and astronomy. W007.5 That CASCA advocate for diversity hiring initiatives at the postdoctoral and faculty level, and hold university policies to account. W007.6 That CASCA should set targets to increase Indigenous participation at all levels of membership that are consistent with the general demographics and take actions to encourage greater involvement, including the creation of new membership categories. W007.7 Detailed historical, political, social and cultural context about Indigenous peoples in lands where Canada uses facilities such as Hawaii, Arizona, Chile, Australia, South Africa and other regions needs to be available to any CASCA members in leadership positions. W007.8 That CASCA funds the development of a diversity training program for faculty, post-docs and students that directly educates on issues regarding Indigeneity in Canada and in the world. W007.9 That CASCA offers funding for students, post-docs and faculty to participate in diversity, equity, inclusion organizations such as .caISEs, SACNAS, that promote the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in STEM. W007.10 That CASCA becomes an example for other countries for its programs regarding Indigenizing astronomy and share its educational material around the world. W061.1 The CASCA Board should commit to creating and maintaining a comprehensive national database of its members. W061.2 The CASCA Board should prioritize updating the CASCA Mission and Ethics statements and creating a Values Statement and a Code of Ethics. W061.3 The CASCA Board should prioritize EDI training within the CASCA membership. W061.4 The CASCA Board should endorse the exploration of a national mentoring strategy for early-career astronomers. W061.5 The CASCA Board should commit to the principles of the Dimensions Charter, and encourage its members and their institutions to do the same. W045.1 We recommend that CASCA hire a paid Press Officer that can assist CASCA members in disseminating their scientific results to the public and the media and help connect astronomers to science journalists across Canada and internationally. W064.3 CASCA should form a committee to advocate for and provide support to astronomy PDFs in Canada. Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 112 W064.4 CASCA should encourage universities to create offices dedicated to their PDFs. W007.1 That CASCA partner with Indigenous organizations to support Indigenous education and diversity in astronomy and STEM. W007.2 That CASCA collaborate with the National Research Council Herzberg, the Canadian Space Agency and other facilities to create programs in which a share of the telescope time is used for programs that promote education and inclusion for Indigenous and underrepresented• EDI should people and schools be in a Canada priority and around for the world. Canadian astronomy. W007.4 That CASCA create scholarships and funding specifically for Indigenous peoples to participate in physics and astronomy. W007.5• ThatThere CASCA advocate are forlots diversity of hiring ideas; initiatives commonat the postdoctoral andthemes faculty level, includeand hold university policies to account. W007.6 That CASCA should set targets to increase Indigenous participation at all levels of membership that are consistent with the general demographicsadvocacy, and take opportunities,actions to encourage greater involvement, partnerships, including the creation resources, of new membership and categories. W007.7 Detailed historical, political, social and cultural context about Indigenous peoples in lands where Canada uses facilities such as Hawaii, Arizona,policy. Chile, Australia, South Africa and other regions needs to be available to any CASCA members in leadership positions. W007.8 That CASCA funds the development of a diversity training program for faculty, post-docs and students that directly educates on issues regarding Indigeneity in Canada and in the world. W007.9• ThatThese CASCA offers ideas funding forwill students, take post- docstime and faculty and to participate money in diversity, to implement.equity, inclusion organizations A such as .caISEs, SACNAS, that promote the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in STEM. W007.10 Thatfeasible CASCA becomes strategy an example for for other tacklingcountries for its programsthese regarding challenges Indigenizing astronomy would and share be its a educational material around the world. W061.1 Theuseful CASCA Board outcome should commit to of creating LRP2020. and maintaining a comprehensive national database of its members. W061.2 The CASCA Board should prioritize updating the CASCA Mission and Ethics statements and creating a Values Statement and a Code of Ethics. W061.3 The CASCA Board should prioritize EDI training within the CASCA membership. W061.4 The CASCA Board should endorse the exploration of a national mentoring strategy for early-career astronomers. W061.5 The CASCA Board should commit to the principles of the Dimensions Charter, and encourage its members and their institutions to do the same. W045.1 We recommend that CASCA hire a paid Press Officer that can assist CASCA members in disseminating their scientific results to the public and the media and help connect astronomers to science journalists across Canada and internationally. W064.3 CASCA should form a committee to advocate for and provide support to astronomy PDFs in Canada. Spekkens_EDI_Montreal1Nov 113 W064.4 CASCA should encourage universities to create offices dedicated to their PDFs.