CLAT 2008-2012: Solutions to the GK

Section

CLAT 2008

41. C

The term "creamy layer" was first used during the 1992 Supreme Court judgment (Indira Sawhaney v. Union of India [2]) on the Mandal Commission recommendations asking for 27% reservations for other backward classes (OBCs) in central government jobs.

The creamy layer is a term used to refer to the relatively wealthier and better educated members of the Other Backward Classes (OBCs), hence they are not eligible for government sponsored educational and professional benefit programs as they can compete with others on equal footing. The original ceiling of Rs one lakh per annum was recommended by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in and adopted by the cabinet. This was later revised to Rs 2.5 lakh per annum and now stands at Rs 4.5 lakh.

42. C

Hedge funds are investment vehicles that explicitly pursue absolute returns on their underlying investments. They are also referred to as Absolute Return Funds as they maintain an explicit hedge on their portfolio of investments. Hence they are applied to minimize the risk of financial market transactions.

43. A

Balance of payments (BoP) accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world. Thus, strong rupee as against the dollar to India means a balance of payment surplus .

44. B

The latest state to be declared independent in 2008 was Kosovo. The 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence was adopted on 17 February 2008 by the Assembly of Kosovo. The Assembly unanimously declared Kosovo to be independent from Serbia. 1

© Clat Possible. All rights reserved. Unauthorized copying, sale, distribution or circulation of any of the contents of this work is a punishable offence under the laws of India. www.clatpossible.com A Team Satyam Offering

45. B

The Finance Minister who presented the highest number of budgets in the Parliament so far is Mr. Moraji Desai . He has presented the Budget Ten times , the most by any Finance Minister.

46. A

Mr. Vijay Kelkar is the Chairman of the 13 th Finance Commission constituted in 2007.

47. C

Indo-U.S. nuclear deal was opposed in Parliament mainly because after the deal nuclear relations between India and the U.S.A would be governed by the Hyde Act which was not supported by the Left Front .

48. A

At an auction in London in 2004 , the industrialist-politician Mr. Vijay Mallya purchased the sword of Tipu Sultan and some other historical artifacts, and brought them back to India for public display after nearly two centuries.

49. C

The 450-megawatt Baglihar dam, which is contentious between India and Pakistan, is being built on the Chenab River , which flows from Kashmir to Pakistan.

50. C

Saudi Arabia has its richest man as the Head of the state.

51. B

Mr. Kishore Biyani is known as the Father of Modern Indian Retail Trade . He is an Indian businessman and is the chief executive officer (CEO) of Future Group, and Managing Director of Pantaloon Retail.

52. C

Tata Consultancy Services is the largest software company in Asia . The second largest software company in Asia is Wipro followed by Infosys and Satyam Computers.

53. C

Taikonaut means an astronaut in China . The term Taikonaut is used by some English- language news media organizations for professional space travelers from China. The word has featured in the Longman and Oxford English dictionaries, the latter of which describes it as "a hybrid of the Chinese term taikong (space) and the Greek naut (sailor)"; the term became more common in 2003 when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space aboard the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.

54. C

Steven A. Ballmer is chief executive officer of Microsoft Corporation , the world's leading manufacturer of software for personal and business computing. Ballmer joined Microsoft in 1980 and was the first business manager hired by Bill Gates. Since then, Ballmer's leadership and passion have become hallmarks of his tenure at the company.

55. C

Bhutan stands for Gross National Happiness (GNH) in contradistinction to Gross National Product (GNP). The assessment of gross national happiness was designed in an attempt to define an indicator that measures the quality of life or social progress in more holistic and psychological terms than only the economic indicator of gross domestic product.

56. C

The highest paid head of the government in the world at present is in Singapore. The Singapore leader is earning $1.7million a year (£1.089m) as the world's best paid leader, over four times the salary of U.S. president Mr. Barack Obama.

57. C

The current impasse in Doha Round of Negotiations is centred around agricultural subsidies provided by developed countries .

58. C

An equinox occurs twice a year (around 20 March and 22 September), when the tilt of the Earth's axis is inclined neither away from nor towards the Sun , the center of the Sun being in the same plane as the Earth's equator. Hence, the phenomena of Equinox take place due to the revolution of the Earth on its axis. 3

59. B

The Director-General of the World Trade Organization is Mr. Pascal Lamy . Pascal Lamy is the fifth Director-General of the WTO. His appointment took effect on 1 September 2005 for a four-year term. In April 2009 WTO members reappointed Mr. Lamy for a second four-year term, starting on 1 September 2009.

60. C

Capital account convertibility is a feature of a nation's financial regime that centers on the ability to conduct transactions of local financial assets into foreign financial assets freely and at country determined exchange rates. Thus, capital account convertibility signifies free international movement of capital.

61. D

The purpose of the Kyoto Protocol was to provide a framework for countries to move towards reducing their greenhouse emissions and thereby minimizing global warming.

62. B

A carbon credit is a generic term for any tradable certificate or permit representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide or the mass of another greenhouse gas with a carbon dioxide

equivalent (tCO 2e) equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide. Hence, carbon credits signify Entitlements to emit certain quantity of green house gases .

63. B

Dumping is a situation of international price discrimination , where the price of a product when sold in the importing country is less than the price of that product in the market of the exporting country.

64. B

Habeas corpus is a writ (legal action) which requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court. This ensures that a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention — that is, detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence. Hence, it is considered as bulwark of freedom .

65. C 4

Vande Mataram is a poem from the famous novel Anandmath which was written by Bankim Chandra Chaterjee .

66. A

For each degree of longitude the local time of any place from the Greenwich Mean Time varies by Four Minutes .

1 degree=4 minutes

15 degree=60 minutes=1hour

67. C

Article 1 of the Indian Constitution defines India as a Union of States . Article 1 state that the Name and territory of the Union India that is Bharat shall be a Union of States .

68. C

The NDC is the highest body that approves Five Year Plans in India. The National Development Council (NDC) or the Rashtriya Vikas Parishad is the apex body for decision making and deliberations on development matters in India, presided over by the Prime Minister of India.

69. B

Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao was the first economist to scientifically discover National Income.

70. B

Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world. It covers an area of 3,237,500 km and is also referred to as the Arabian Subcontinent.

71. B

PC Mahalanobis is the person responsible for economic model of Indian Planning . He is best remembered for the Mahalanobis distance , a statistical measure. The Mahalanobis model was employed in the Second Five Year Plan.

72. C

Social Forestry basically aims at large scale afforestation . The term ‘Social forestry’ first used in 1976 by The National Commission on Agriculture.

73. A

The Great Barrier Reef refers to coral reef formation . The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs [and 900 islands stretching for over 2,600 kilometers. The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.

74. A

A nautical mile is up to 1825 meters . The nautical mile is a unit of length that is about one minute of arc of latitude measured along any meridian, or about one minute of arc of longitude at the equator. By international agreement, it is 1,852 meters (approximately 6,076 feet).

75. B

Geomorphology is associated with l andforms . It is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape them.

76. B

Norway is known as the country of Midnight Sun. Due to Norway's high latitude; there are large seasonal variations in daylight. From late May to late July, the sun never completely descends beneath the horizon in areas north of the Arctic Circle (hence Norway's description as the "Land of the Midnight Sun").

77. C

Padmasambhava was the monk who had spread Buddhism in Tibet and Far East. He was a sage guru from Oddiy āna who is said to have transmitted Vajrayana Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet and neighboring countries in the 8th century.

78. C

The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation. It was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1994. 79. B 6

Carbon Dating is used to determine the age of fossils . It is used to determine the age of biological artifacts up to 50,000 years old. This technique is not restricted to bones; it can also be used on cloth, wood and plant fibers. Carbon-14 dating has been used successfully on the Dead Sea Scrolls, Minoan ruins and tombs of the pharohs among other things.

80. C

Elattuvalapil Sreedharan was the managing director of Delhi Metro during 1995-2012.

81. B

It is usual for gold to be mixed with other metals to produce an alloy, which is simply a mixture of two or more metals. The traditional way to describe the proportion of gold in alloys is in "carats". A carat is 1/24, that is 1 part in 24 by weight hence, 18 carat is therefore18/24 or 3/4 gold .

82. C

After the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference on the island Bali in Indonesia in December, 2007, the participating nations adopted the Bali Roadmap (also known as the Bali Action Plan) as a two-year process to finalizing a binding agreement in 2009 in Denmark. Hence, it provides for an amendment to the UNFCC.

83. C

Enriched uranium is a kind of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased through the process of isotope separation . Enriched uranium is a critical component for both civil nuclear power generation and military nuclear weapons.

84. B

Homi Jehangir Bhabha was an Indian nuclear physicist who had a major role in the development of the Indian atomic energy program and is considered to be the father of India's nuclear program.

85. B

Salva Judam in India refers to arming civilians to fight militants . The movement is the first time when tribal have turned against the Naxalites, who ostensibly fight against their willful

exploitation by the state. The movement quickly spread with the state government, police and media offering support to it.

86. B

P.Sainath is the Indian who won Ramon Magsaysay award in 2007. Mr. Sainath got the award in the Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts category for his passionate reporting of the conditions of India’s rural poor.

87. A

Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding is an international award presented by the Government of India founded in 1965. Award is presented "for their outstanding contribution to the promotion of international understanding, goodwill and friendship among peoples of the world". Lula de Silva has won the award in 2007.

88. B

Free Trade Area means countries between who trade barriers have been substantially reduced . They have agreed to eliminate tariffs, quotas and preferences on most (if not all) goods and services traded between them .

89. C

90. C

A Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws which are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. The category 'SEZ' covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, and Urban Enterprise Zones.

91. C

Discovery was the space shuttle which successfully carried Sunita Williams to space. She was launched to the International Space Station in Discovery, on December 9, 2006.

92. C

Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd opened a new chapter in Australia’s tortured relations with its indigenous peoples by a comprehensive and moving apology for past wrongs and a call for bipartisan action to improve the lives of Australia’s Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.

93. A

Gandhi ji’s economic ideas are expounded in Hind Swaraj . Gandhian economics is a school of economic thought based on the socio-economic principles expounded by Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi. It is largely characterized by its affinity to the principles and objectives of socialism, but with a rejection of class war and promotion of socio-economic harmony.

94. A

95. A

The idea of ever greening of patent is to keep patent protection alive as long as possible i.e. to "evergreen".

96. A

Gandhi ji and Ambedkar gave their demand of separate electorate by the signing of the Poona Pact . The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between the lower caste Untouchables of India led by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and the upper caste Hindus of India that took place on 24 September 1932 at Yerawada Jail in Pune.

97. C

98. A

Sunita Williams , renowned astronaut of Indian origin, spent a record of 195 days in space.

99. C

The second biggest greenhouse gas emitter after US is China . When Kyoto was agreed, the US signed and committed to reducing its emissions by 6%. But since then it has pulled out of the agreement and its carbon dioxide emissions have increased to more than 15% above 1990 levels.

100. B

The author of the management principle - In a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise to his level of Incompetence is given by Prof.J Peter . The Peter Principle is the principle that " In a Hierarchy Every Employee Tends to Rise to His Level of Incompetence .” It was formulated by Dr. Laurence J. Peter and Raymond Hull in their 1968 book.

101. B

The WTO came into being on 1 January 1995, and is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT ), which was created in 1947, and continued to operate for almost five decades as a de facto international organization.

102. C

The Western Wall sometimes referred to as the Wailing Wall or simply the Kotel and as al- Buraq Wall by Muslims, is an important Jewish religious site located in the Old City of Jerusalem.

103. C Abul Kalam Azad is the education minister who got Bharat Ratna in India. He refused the Bharat Ratna arguing that those who selected the awardees should not be its recipients. He was the education minister of India at the time. Azad was later awarded the Bharat Ratna posthumously.

104. B

The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high Concentration of ozone. This layer absorbs 93-99% of the sun's high frequency Ultraviolet light , which is potentially dangerous to the life on earth.

105. B

South America's Amazon River is the world's largest because it carries more water to the sea than any other river.

106. C

Tsunami is caused by underwater volcanic activity . Tsunami is the Japanese name given to large waves that sometimes devastate the shores and ports of Japan.

107. A

108. A

Magadha Empire was the first great empire. The ancient kingdom of Magadha is mentioned in the Ramayana, Mahabharata Puranas. It is also heavily mentioned in Buddhist and Jain texts. The earliest reference to the Magadha people occurs in the Atharva-Veda. Two of India's major religions started from Magadha; two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire, originated from Magadha. 109. B

WC Banerjee was the first President of INC. The first Session of INC was held from 28-31 December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates.

110. A

111. C

Mohammad Iqbal conceptualized the idea of Pakistan. In 1930, Iqbal was elected to preside over at the annual session of Muslim League. In his presidential address at Allahabad, Iqbal for the first time introduced the idea of Pakistan.

112. C

The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was a political campaign launched mainly by Muslims in South Asia to influence the British government and to protect the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I.

113. B

114. B

MN Roy played an important role in World Communist Movement . He was a Bengali Indian revolutionary, internationally known political theorist and activist, founder of the Communist parties in Mexico and India.

115. D

G.Shankara Kurup was the first recipient of Jnanipath Award . Amritha Preetam is the first lady recipient of Jnanpith award.

116. A

Dorris Lessing is the winner of 2007 Nobel Prize for Literature . The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually, since 1901.Sully Prudhomme is the first winner (1901) of Nobel Prize for Literature.

117. D

Plea bargaining is an agreement in a criminal case whereby the prosecutor offers the defendant the opportunity to plead guilty, usually to a lesser charge or to the original criminal charge with a recommendation of a lighter than the maximum sentence. Plea bargaining was introduced in India by Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2005, which amended the Code of Criminal Procedure and introduced a new chapter XXI (A) in which is enforceable from January 11, 2006 . This is applicable for cases in which the maximum punishment is imprisonment for seven years; however, offenses affecting the socio-economic condition of the country and offenses committed against a woman or a child below the age of fourteen are excluded.

118. B

Arbitrator is a person appointed by the parties themselves to resolve a dispute . Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is a legal technique for the solution of disputes outside the courts, wherein the parties to a dispute refer it to one or more persons (the "arbitrators”), by whose decision (the “award") they agree to be bound. It is a settlement technique in which a third party reviews the case and imposes a decision that is legally binding for both sides. In India THE ARBITRATION AND CONCILIATION ACT came in to force in 1996.

119. A

Article 19 ensures that- (1) All citizens shall have the right – (a) To freedom of speech and expression (b) To assemble peaceably and without arms (c) To form association or unions (d) To move freely throughout the territory of India (e) To reside and settle in any part of the territory of (g) To practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

120. A

Genetically modified (GM) foods are food items that have had their DNA changed through genetic engineering . Unlike conventional genetic modification that is carried out through

conventional breeding and that have been consumed for thousands of years, GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. The most common modified foods are derived from plants: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil.

121. A

It is a Fundamental right of every accused person who is unable to engage a lawyer and secure legal services on account of reasons such as poverty, indigence or incommunicado situation to have a free legal service provided to him by the State and the State is under a constitutional mandate to provide a lawyer to such accused person, if the needs of justice so requires. The Supreme Court in Hussainara Khatoon and others Vs Home Secretary clarified that it is right under Article 21 .

122. B

The Constituent Assembly of India was set up as a result of negotiations between the Indian leaders and members of the British Cabinet Mission. The constituent assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial legislative assembly.

123. B

124. A

International Treaties in India are ratified by Parliament .

125. A

Article 85 (1) concerning the summons of Parliament. It reads: " The President shall from time to time summon each House of Parliament to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed for its first sitting in the next session.

126. B

Governor of a State can be removed by the President as he holds the post till the pleasure of the President .

127. B

Sovereignty under the Constitution belongs to the People .

128. B

129. C

The Right to property was a former Fundamental Right under Article 32 before it was revoked by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 . A new article, Article 300-A, was added to the constitution which provided that no person shall be deprived of his property, except by the authority of law. If a legislature makes a law depriving a person of his property, there would be no obligation on the part of the State to pay any compensation. The aggrieved person will have no right to move the court under Article 32. The right to property is no longer a fundamental right, though it is still a constitutional right .

130. A

Justice B.N. Shrikrishna is the chairman of the sixth pay commission . He is a retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India. H he headed the well known Commission of Inquiry, the "Shrikrishna Commission" ,which investigated the causes for the Bombay Riots of 1992-93.

131. D

The right to education emanated from the right to life guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution. Justice B.P. Jeevan Reddy observed that "...every child/citizen of this country has a right to free education until he completes the age of 14 years and after a child/citizen completes 14 years, his right to education is circumscribed by the limits of the economic capacity of the state and its development". Thus, this was the legal position relating to the right to education within the Constitution before the passing of the 93rd Constitution Amendment Bill. The 93rd Constitution Amendment, with the insertion of a new article (Article 21 A) say that "the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six and 14 years in such manner as the state may, by law, determine", enable any citizen to seek the enforcement of the right by way of resort to writ jurisdiction under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution.

132. B

UN is divided into administrative bodies, primarily: The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); The Security Council (decides certain resolutions for peace and security); The Economic and Social Council (assists in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development); The Secretariat (provides studies, information and facilities needed by the UN); The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ) . 14

133. C

Liberhan Commission headed by the retired judge of Supreme Court M S Liberhan was constituted on December 16, 1992 by an order of the Indian union home ministry following the demolition of the Babri Masjid in Ayodhya on 6 December and the riots in Ayodhya city.

134. A

Competition Act, replaced the Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act , 1969. Competition Act was enacted in 2002 and amended in September 2007.

135. B

The first-ever impeachment motion against a SC judge, Justice V. Ramaswami , was signed by 108 MPs in 1991. A year later, an inquiry found Ramaswami “ guilty of willful and gross misuses of office while serving as the Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court”. Ramaswami survived the impeachment process as Parliament got divided along regional lines, southern MPs strongly supported him. Only 196 members of Parliament, less than the required two-thirds, voted for his ouster.

136. B The Malimath Committee deals with criminal justice administration . The Committee on Reforms of the Criminal Justice System was headed by Justice VS Malimath. It submitted its report to the Ministry of Home Affairs in April 2003.

137. B

Ms. Leila Seth is the first woman Chief Justice of High Court of India.

138. A

Lok Adalat (people’s courts), established by the government, settles dispute through conciliation and compromise. The First Lok Adalat was held in Chennai in 1986. Parliament enacted the Legal Services Authorities Act 1987 , and one of the aims for the enactment of this Act was to organize Lok Adalat.

139. B Until May 28, 2008, Nepal was a constitutional monarchy. On that date, the constitution was altered by the Constituent Assembly to make the country a republic.

140. B

CLAT 2009

41. C

Capital Market means Securities Market. They provide for the buying and selling of long term debt or equity backed securities . The capital markets channel the wealth of savers to those who can put it to long term productive use, such as companies or governments making long term investments.

42. C

43. B

The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream is the second book written by the then-Senator Barack Obama . In the fall of 2006 it became number one on both the New York Times and Amazon.com . In the book, Obama expounds on many of the subjects that became part of his 2008 campaign for the presidency.

44. C

WPI is an acronym used for Wholesale Price Index . The Wholesale Price Index (WPI ) is the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. Some countries (like India and The Philippines) use WPI changes as a central measure of inflation. However, United States now reports a producer price index instead.

45. A

A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases. "Progressive" describes a distribution effect on income or expenditure, referring to the way the rate progresses from low to high, where the average tax rate is less than the marginal tax rate. It can be applied to individual taxes or to a tax system as a whole; a year, multi-year, or lifetime.

46. A

Shimit Amin is the Director of Chak De India . He is an Indian film director and editor. Chak De! India is a 2007 Indian sports drama film about field hockey in India. 16

47. C

CAT scan is an acronym for Computerized Axial Tomography . CAT scan is a medical imaging procedure that utilizes computer-processed X-rays to produce tomographic images or 'slices' of specific areas of the body.

48. D

49. A

ISO 9000 is a quality standard mark . The ISO 9000 family of standards is related to quality management systems and designed to help organizations ensure that they meet the needs of customers and other stakeholders while meeting statutory and regulatory requirements related to the product. The standards are published by ISO, the International Organization for Standardization , and available through National standards bodies .

50. D

AGMARK is agriculture marketing for agro products . It is a certification mark employed on agricultural products in India, assuring that they conform to a set of standards approved by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection , an agency of the Government of India.

51. C

Headquarters of Indian Space Research Organization is at Bangalore . ISRO is the primary space agency of the Indian government. ISRO is amongst the six largest government space agencies in the world, along with NASA, RKA, ESA, CNSA and JAXA. Its primary objective is to advance space technology and use its applications for national benefit. Recently, ISRO completed its 100 th mission with the launch of PSLV C-21 .

52. A

Saras is the name of an aircraft . It is the first Indian multi-purpose civilian aircraft in the Light Transport Aircraft category designed by the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) .

53. A

First Woman Prime Minister in the world was from Sri Lanka . Shrimavo Bandaranaike , the first woman Prime Minister in the world, was a Sri Lankan politician and the modern world's first female head of government. She served as Prime Minister of Ceylon and Sri Lanka three

times, 1960–65, 1970–77 and 1994–2000, and was a long-time leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

54. C

Dilip Kumar was felicitated with Nishan-e-Pakistan.

55. B

56. B

Garba is not a classical dance . It is an Indian form of dance that originated in the Gujarat region. The name is derived from the Sanskrit term Garbha ("womb") and Deep ("a small earthenware lamp"). Many traditional garbas are performed around a central lit lamp or picture/statues of different avatars of Goddess Shakti.

57. B

Sulabh International is an Indian based social service organization which works to promote human rights, environmental sanitation , non-conventional sources of energy, waste management and social reforms through education. The organization consists of 50,000 volunteers. Sulabh International is the largest non-profit organization in India.

58. B

Mr. Yash Chopra was honored with the’ Officer of the Legion of Honou r’ award by French Government. The Legion of Honour is the highest decoration in France . Mr. Chopra passed away on Oct. 21, 2012 due to dengue.

59. A

Liver is the largest gland in human body. It weighs up to three pounds , is suspended behind the ribs on the upper right side of the abdomen and spans almost the entire width of the body . Being responsible for hundreds of different functions, it is also the most complex and active organ in the body.

60. A

61. C

Ashok Kumar was affectionately known as Dadamoni i n Bengali. The Government of India has honored him with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1988 and the Padma Bhushan in 1998 for his contributions to Indian cinema.

62. C

63. A

China has opened the world's longest cross-sea bridge - which stretches five miles further than the distance between Dover and Calais. The Jiaozuo Bay bridge is 26.4 miles long and links China's eastern port city of Qingdao to the offshore island Huangdao. The road bridge, which is 110ft wide and is the longest of its kind, cost nearly £1billion to build.

64. D

Mr. Vikram .S. Pandit is the Indian who had become Citigroup’s Investment Bank Head. He unexpectedly resigned on Oct. 16, 2012 and now Michael Corbat has taken over as the new CEO of Citigroup.

65. D

The Green Revolution in India has been identified with Mr. M.S. Swaminathan . He is known as the Father of Green Revolution in India. He is known for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder and chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation. Norman.S.Borlaug is known as the Father of Green Revolution in the world.

66. B

Dr. P.C. Rao is the Indian Judge in the U.N. Law of Sea Tribunal . He has been awarded the prestigious Padma Bhushan award for the year 2012.

67. A

68. D

SAARC University of Eight SAARC Nations has been established in New Delhi. Dr. Manmohan Singh , Prime Minister of India mooted the idea of establishing a South Asian University (SAU) at the 13th SAARC Summit in Dhaka in 2005. SAU started its operations from July 2010.

69. B

China has produced the world's first cloned rabbit using a biological process that takes cells from a fetus. The female rabbit, which weighed 60 grams at birth, is now growing normally at an animal centre in Shangha.

70. D

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that are needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins required for blood coagulation and in metabolic pathways in bone and other tissue. Hence, Vitamin K is used for blood clotting.

71. A

Gilt-edged markets are bonds issued by certain national governments . The term is of British origin, and originally referred to the debt securities issued by the Bank of England, which had a gilt (or gilded) edge. Hence, they are known as gilt-edged securities, or gilts for short. Today the term is used in the United Kingdom as well as some Commonwealth nations, such as South Africa and India . Hence it refers to a market in Government securities.

72. C

Mr. Wajhat Habbibullah was the First Chief Information Commissioner of India . Mr. Satyendra Mishra , the current Chief Information Commissioner is the third CIC of India.

73. C

Sania Mirza is the youngest recipient of Padma Shri award . She is an Indian Tennis Player from Hyderabad. She received the award at the age of nineteen .

74. D

Shekhar Kapur is a critically acclaimed Indian film director and producer. His historical biopic of Queen Elizabeth (Elizabeth and its sequel The Golden Age) garnered 7 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Actress for Cate Blanchett.

75. A

Territorial waters , or a territorial sea , as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. 20

76. B

The Samjhauta Express commonly called the Friendship Express is a twice-weekly train – Tuesdays and Fridays – that runs between Delhi and Attari in India and Lahore in Pakistan.

77. B

78. D

The former President and India’s rocket-missile technologist, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is the Chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram. The IIST was established by the Department of Space in 2007.

79. B

80. C

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce is a Jamaican track and field sprinter. She was the fastest woman of the world at the Beijing Olympics with a carrier best of 10.70 seconds.

81. B

Savannah grasslands are hot, dry expanses of land. Most are covered in long grasses and have only a few, scattered trees. Savannah grasslands have very long, hot, dry seasons followed by short rainy seasons every year. They are abundantly found in Africa .

82. A

Rajiv Aarogyasri is the flagship scheme of all health initiatives of the Andhra Pradesh State Government with a mission to provide quality healthcare to the poor. The aim of the Government is to achieve "Health for All" in Aarogyandhra Pradesh.

83. C

India's First Nuclear Reactor was Apsara . It was also the first nuclear reactor in Asia. Apsara went critical at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay on August 4, 1956. It heralded the arrival of India's nuclear energy program. Dr. Homi Bhabha himself conceptualized the design of the reactor and the reactor was built entirely by Indian engineers in a record time of about 15 months.

84. A

JetLite , formerly Air Sahara , was an airline based in Mumbai, India. Owned by Jet Airways , the airline operated scheduled services connecting metropolitan centers in India. The airline also provided helicopters which were available for charter services and aerial photography. JetLite ended service on 25 March 2012 after merger with Jet Konnect , a division of Jet Airways.

85. A

The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt , connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea . Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows transportation by water between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa.

86. D

87. C

88. B

Rajendra Kumar Pachauri has served as the chairperson of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since 2002, which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 during his tenure. He has also been the director general of TERI. Pachauri has been outspoken about climate change. He is now serving as the head of Yale's Climate and Energy Institute (YCEI ).

89. A

90. C

World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) is observed around the world every year on May 31 . It is meant to encourage a 24-hour period of abstinence from all forms of tobacco consumption across the globe. The day is further intended to draw global attention to the widespread prevalence of tobacco use and to negative health effects, which currently lead to 5.4 million deaths worldwide annually. The member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) created World No Tobacco Day in 1987.

CLAT 2010

41. C Gautam Buddha or Siddhartha Gautama was born in 563 BCE in Lumbini, Nepal as a son of Shuddhodhana, the king of Kapilavastu and his Queen, Mayadevi. He was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. 22

42. B A galvanometer is an instrument used for detecting electric current . It is a type of ammeter. It is an analog electromechanical transducer that produces a rotary deflection of some type of pointer in response to the electric current flowing through its coil in a magnetic field. 43. A The Mudrarakshasa ("The Signet of the Minister") is a historical play in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta that narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya to power in Northern India. Mudrarakshasa is dated variously from the late 4th century to the 8 th century. 44. C The 6th Asian Games were held from December 9, 1970 to December 20, 1970 in Bangkok, Thailand . Originally Seoul, South Korea was selected to host the 6th Games but it declined due to both financial reasons and security threats from neighboring North Korea. Previous host Thailand stepped in to save the Asiad and staged the Games using the funds of South Korea. The 2014 Asian Games is scheduled to take place in Incheon, South Korea from September 19- October 4, 2014. 45. B In the year 1929 the Indian National Congress demanded for Poorna Swaraj in their Lahore session . The Indian Flag had been hoisted by Congress President Jawaharlal Nehru on December 31, 1929, on the banks of the Ravi River in Lahore, modern-day Pakistan. The Congress asked the people of India to observe January 26 as Independence Day . The flag of India was hoisted publicly across India by Congress volunteers, nationalists and the public. 46. A INS Airavat (L24) is the third Shardul class amphibious warfare vessel of the Indian Navy. She was commissioned at the Eastern Naval Command in Visakhapatnam on 19 May 2009, by the Chief of Naval Staff, Admiral Sureesh Mehta. She is named after the mount of god Indra, the elephant Airavata, as mentioned in the Rig-Veda. 47. D 48. D Nehru Institute of Mountaineering (NIM ) was established at Uttarkash i on 14th Nov 1965 to honor the great desire of Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru , the first Prime Minister of India, who was an ardent mountain lover. The aim of the Institute is to introduce and initiate young men, women and school children to the mountains and nature through its various Mountaineering and Adventure courses. Emphasis is laid on instilling the concept of Adventure and following conventional environmental guidelines to ensure environmental awareness and conservation. 49. C

Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev was the chief guest for the 60th Republic Day celebrations of India. India celebrated her 60th Republic Day on 26th January 2009. Sultan of Oman Qaboos bin Said Al Said is the chief guest for the 2013 Republic Day celebrations 50. D 51. B Gundappa Viswanath was honoured with the prestigious Col. C.K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award for 2007-08 for his exemplary contribution to the game of cricket. Recently, Sunil Gavaskar , the Former Captain and legendary opener of Indian Cricket Team on 21 November 2012 was conferred with BCCI’s prestigious Col. CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award at the BCCI Annual Award function. 52. A 53. B Godaan is a Hindi novel by Munshi Premchand . It was first published in 1936 and is considered one of the greatest Hindi-Urdu novels of modern Indian literature. Themed around the socio economic deprivation as well as the exploitation of the village poor, the novel was the last complete novel of Premchand . It was translated into English in 1957. 54. C Raj Babbar , an actor and politician is the current Member of Parliament from Firozabad . He is now in Congress but was earlier a member of the Samajwadi Party. 55. B The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France on the morning of 14 July 1789 . The medieval fortress and prison in Paris known as the Bastille represented the royal authority in the center of Paris. While the prison only contained seven inmates at the time of its storming, its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution. In France, Le quatorze juillet (14 July) is a public holiday, formally known as the Fête de la Fédération (Federation Holiday ). It is usually called Bastille Day in English. 56. B Alberto Fujimori served as the President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism , uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability. Amid his 2008 prosecution for crimes against humanity relating to his presidency, two-thirds of Peruvians polled voiced approval for his leadership in that period. 57. C A National River is a river that is of great importance for a country and acts as her national symbol. The Ganges River is the officially declared national river of the Republic of India . 58. A 24

China has the largest number of telephone users (both fixed and mobile) in the world. India is the second largest telephone user in the world. 59. D Mohamed Nasheed is a Maldivian politician and one of the founders of the Maldivian Democratic Party , who served as the fourth President of the Maldives from 2008 to 2012. The current President of Maldives is Mohammed Waheed Hassan Manik , who came into power after the disputed resignation of Mohamed Nasheed on 7 February 2012. 60. D Arabinda Rajkhowa alias Mijanur Rahman Choudhury is the Chairman of the banned outfit ULFA . He is one of the founder members of the outfit. He was also the Vice-President of the Indo-Burma Revolutionary Front. He was a leader of the Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuva Chatra Parishad (AJYCP), a radical students' group in Assam, before he founded ULFA. 61. C 62. C Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for the Nobel Prize in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947 and, finally, a few days before he was murdered in January 1948 . The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee; when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi". However, the committee has never commented on the speculations as to why Gandhi was not awarded the prize. 63. B 64. B The University of Mumbai is a premier and oldest public state university located in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was known as the University of Bombay until 1996 when the city of Bombay was renamed Mumbai. University of Mumbai was established in 1857 consequent upon " Wood's Education Dispatch " and is one amongst the first three universities in India. 65. C Harare (was known as Salisbury before 1982 ) is the largest city and capital of Zimbabwe . It has an estimated population of 1,606,000 (2009), with 2,800,000 in its metropolitan area (2006). Administratively, Harare is an independent city equivalent to a province. It is Zimbabwe's largest city and its administrative, commercial, and communications centre. The city is a trade centre for tobacco, maize, cotton, and citrus fruits. 66. B 67. D Greenland , after Australia, is the largest island . With a population of 56,749 (2012 estimate), it is the least densely populated dependency or country in the world. 25

68. C Indo-Pak summit also known as the Agra summit was a two-day summit held between 14–16 July 2001 between Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf and Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee . It was organized with the aim of resolving long-standing issues between India and Pakistan 69. B In 2008, in the final of Sultan Azlan Shah Championship Indian men’s Hockey team was defeated by Argentina . The 2012 Sultan Azlan Shah Championship was won by New Zeland by defeating Argentina in finals. 70. A Tripura is not a Union Territory but a State. The remaining three i.e. Lakshadweep, Daman and Diu and Pondicherry are Union Territories. 71. B Kesari is a newspaper founded in 1881 by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak , a prominent leader of the Indian Independence movement. Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, the Kesari, in Marathi and Maratha in English from Kesari Wada. 72. C 73. C G8 originated in 1975 in a summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6 . The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven or G7 the following year with the addition of Canada . In 1997, Russia was added to group which then became known as the G8 . G8 summit was recently held at Camp David, Maryland. 74. B Akbar is believed to have died on or about 27 October 1605, after which his body was buried at a mausoleum in Sikandra, Agra . 75. B 76. D Medicinal properties of neem have been known to Indians since time immemorial. Neem bark is cool, bitter, astringent, acrid and refrigerant. It is useful in tiredness, cough, fever, loss of appetite, worm infestation . It heals wounds and vitiated conditions of kapha, vomiting, skin diseases, excessive thirst, and diabetes. Neem leaves are reported to be beneficial for eye disorders and insect poisons. It treats Vatik disorder. It is anti-leprotic. Its fruits are bitter, purgative, anti-hemorrhoids and anthelmintic’. 77. C

Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law . It stands in contrast to the idea that the ruler is above the law, for example by divine right. 78. D Bjorn Rune Borg is a former world no. 1 tennis player from Sweden . Between 1974 and 1981 he won 11 Grand Slam singles titles . He won five consecutive Wimbledon singles titles and six French Open singles titles (an Open Era record second only to Rafael Nadal). He is considered by many to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time. 79. A Vande Mataram is the National Song of India. Vande Mataram is a poem from Bankim Chandra Chaterjee’s 1882 novel Anandmath. It was written in Bengali and Sanskrit. 80. C Sick man of Europe, the term was applied to the Ottoman Empire around 1853 by Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, referring to the impoverishment of the Turkish region, and its failures in several wars. Financial disarray affected the empire for most of the next 70 years, leading to its partition and occupation following World War I. The Turks again fought the Allies and established the Republic of Turkey in 1923. 81. A Bumiputera or Bhumiputra is a Malaysian term to describe Malay race and the indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia, and particularly in Malaysia. The term comes from the Sanskrit word Bhumiputra , which can be translated literally as "son of the land" ( bhumi = earth or land, putra =son). It is also translated as "Son of the soil". 82. B The real name of Munshi Premchand was Dhanpat Rai . He was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindi-Urdu literature . He is one of the most celebrated writers of the Indian subcontinent, and is regarded as one of the foremost Hindi-Urdu writers of the early twentieth century. 83. D The Old Man and the Sea is a novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime. The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954. 84. A Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570A.D and lived there for roughly the first 52 years of his life. He was a religious, political, and military leader from Mecca who unified Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam. He is believed by Muslims and Bahá'ís to be a 27

messenger and prophet of God and, by most Muslims, the last prophet sent by God for mankind. 85. A World War I (WWI ) was a global war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918 . 86. A The current List A cricket competition in Indian domestic cricket is the Deodhar Trophy . It is named after Prof. D. B. Deodhar (known as the Grand Old Man of Indian cricket) and is a 50- over knockout competition played on an annual basis among the 5 zonal teams - North Zone, South Zone, East Zone, West Zone and Central Zone. The competition was introduced in 1973- 74 season with South Zone winning the trophy. West Zone won the Deodhar Trophy in 2012 by crushing the North zone by 113 runs. 87. C Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary (PNP) is a protected area in the districts of Idukki and Pathanamthitta in Kerala , south India. It is notable as an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve . 88. D Nepanagar is an industrial township in Burhanpur district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . Nepanagar is famous for its newspaper paper mill , Nepa Mills Limited (earlier known as The National News Print Ltd). The word "NEPA" is coined from NEwsprint PAper , hence the name. 89. B Mahmud Ghaznavi was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. In the name of Islam, he conquered the eastern Iranian lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent from 997 to his death in 1030. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazna into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, Pakistan and northwestern India. 90. C Cape Trafalgar is a headland in the Province of Cádiz in the south-west of Spain. It lies on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the Strait of Gibraltar at 36°10'58"N, 6°2'2"W. The Battle of Trafalgar , an 1805 naval battle in which the Royal Navy destroyed Napoleon's combined Spanish and French fleet, took place off the cape.

CLAT 2011

41. B Writer Arundhati Roy and Hurriyat hawk Syed Ali Shah Geelani were booked on charges of sedition by Delhi Police for their "anti-India" speech at a seminar saying that Kashmir is not an integral part of India . Recently, cartoonist Aseem Trivedi has also been booked for sedition charges by the Mumbai Police for his offensive cartoons. 42. A Damon Galgut’s latest novel , In a Strange Room , was shortlisted for the 2010 Man Booker Prize for fiction. Recently, Hilary Mantel won the 2012 Man Booker prize for her novel Bring up the Bodies . 43. A Aruna Shanbaug was a nurse from Haldipur, Karnataka in India. In 1973, while working as a junior nurse at King Edward Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, she was sexually assaulted by a ward boy, Sohanlal Bhartha Walmiki and has been in a vegetative state since the assault. On 24 January 2011, after she had been in this status for 37 years, the Supreme Court of India responded to the plea for euthanasia filed by Aruna's friend journalist Pinki Virani , by setting up a medical panel to examine her. The court turned down the mercy killing petition on 7 March 2011. However in its landmark judgment, it allowed passive euthanasia in India. 44. C The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an international agreement which aims at sharing the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources in a fair and equitable way, including appropriate access to genetic resources and appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding, thereby contributing to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components. It was adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity at its tenth meeting on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan . 45. A Julian Paul Assange is an Australian editor, activist, publisher and journalist. He is best known as the editor-in-chief and founder of Wiki Leaks , which publishes submissions of secret information, news leaks and classified media from anonymous news sources and whistleblowers. He was arrested in UK and has now been granted asylum by Ecuador . 46. B 47. B Tunisian Revolution also known as Jasmine Revolution was an intensive campaign of civil resistance, including a series of street demonstrations taking place in Tunisia. The events began on 18 December 2010 and led to the ousting of longtime President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 29

January 2011 eventually, leading to a thorough democratization of the country and to free and democratic elections which saw the victory of a coalition of the Islamist Ennahda Movement with the centre-left Congress for the Republic and the left-leaning Ettakatol as junior partners. 48. A 49. A The Indian Premier League (IPL ) is a professional league for Twenty20 cricket championship in India. It was initiated by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra and is currently supervised by BCCI Vice President Rajeev Shukla , who serves as the league's Chairman and Commissioner . The first commissioner of IPL was Mr. Lalit Modi followed by Mr. Chirayu Amin. It is currently contested by nine teams, consisting of players from around the cricketing world. It was started after an altercation between the BCCI and the Indian Cricket League. 50. A Udaan is a 2010 Hindi film directed by Vikramaditya Motwane .It is based on the real life of Anurag Kashyap. The film was officially selected to compete in the Uncertain Regard (A Certain Glance ) category at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. The film was not immediately successful at the box office when released, but was eventually regarded as a cult classic. 51. B In the year 2011, the birth centenary of Rani J. Kumudini Devi was celebrated who had established Sivananda Rehabilitation Home (SRH) , a charitable healing institution for leprosy patients in 1958 and Ramdev Rao Memorial Hospital in 1992.The rehabilitation home has given a fresh lease of honorable life to a large number of leprosy patients, who otherwise would have been living an abandoned life by begging on the pavements. 52. C 53. A The Kherlanji massacre refers to the 2006 lynching-style murders of a Dalit family by members of the politically dominant, but backward Kunbi caste. The killings took place in a small village in India named Kherlanji, located in the Bhandara district of the state of Maharashtra. On 29 September 2006, four members of the Bhotmange family belonging to the Dalit underclass were slaughtered in Kherlanji, a small village in Bhandara district of Maharashtra. In September 2008, six people were awarded the death sentence for the crime. However, on 14 July 2010, the Nagpur bench of the High Court commuted the death penalty awarded to the six convicted to a 25-year rigorous imprisonment jail sentence. 54. A 55. D

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had approved the setting up of a National Innovation Council in August 2010 to draw up a road map for the Decade of Innovation (2010-2020). The Council was headed by Mr. Sam Pitroda , Adviser to the Prime Minister on Public Information Infrastructure and Innovations. 56. D Nira Radia is related to the Radia tapes controversy. It relates to the telephonic conversations between Nira Radia, a political lobbyist and an acquaintance of the (then) Indian telecom minister A. Raja with senior journalists, politicians, and corporate houses taped by the Indian Income Tax Department in 2008–09. The tapes led to accusations of misconduct by many of these people. Nira Radia used to run a public relations firm named Vaishnavi Communications , whose clients include the Tata Teleservices and Mukesh Ambani’s Reliance Industries. 57. D Irom Sharmila Chanu also known as the " Iron Lady of Manipur " or " Mengoubi " ("the fair one") is a civil rights activist, political activist, and poet from the Indian state of Manipur. Since 2 November 2000 , she has been on hunger strike to demand that the Indian government repeal the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) , which she blames for violence in Manipur and other parts of northeast India. 58. C Thein Sein is a Burmese politician and former military commander who has been President of Myanmar since March 2011 . He was the Prime Minister from 2007 until 2011 and considered by some as a moderate and reformist in the post-junta government. 59. D The Baglihar Hydropower Project on the Chenab River in the I ndian state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has evoked opposition from Pakistan which claims that the project puts the World Bank-brokered Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) of 1960, the only successful treaty between the two arch-rivals, at risk. 60. D MJ Akbar had published his latest book " Tinderbox: The past and future of Pakistan" in January 2012 discussing the themes of identity crisis and class struggles in Pakistan. 61. B Ekta Yatra is being led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) youth wing national president and Lok Sabha MP Anurag Thakur. The rally started from Kolkata, West Bengal on January 12. As per plan the BJP rally travelled through Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, and Haryana. It was also planned to end the rally on January 26 after unfurling the Tiranga at Lal Chowk, Srinagar . However, it did not happen as the BJP leaders Sushma Swaraj and Lal Krishna Advani were arrested and not allowed to enter Kashmir. 31

62. D A Join t Parliamentary Committee consisting of 20 Members from Lok Sabha and 10 Members from Rajya Sabha was constituted to examine matters relating to allocation and pricing of telecom licenses and spectrum. On 4 March, 2011 Hon’ble Speaker, Lok Sabha appointed Shri P.C. Chaco , MP as the Chairman of the Joint Committee. 63. A 64. D Moner Manush is a 2010 Bengali feature film based on the life and philosophy of Fakir Lalan Shah , a noted spiritual leader, poet and folk singer of Bengal in the 19th century. Recently , Punjabi film Anhey Ghorhey Da Daan (Alms of the Blind Horse) bagged the Golden Peacock award for the best film at the 43rd International Film Festival of India (IFFI ) held in Goa. This is the first Punjabi film to win the prestigious IFFI award. The movi e is directed by Delhi based Gurvinder Singh , a student of late film -maker Mani Kaul. It is based on a 1976 Punjabi novel of the same name by Jnanpith award winner Punjabi writer Gurdial Singh. 65. B 66. A Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed is a Maldivian diplomat, and was the Secretary -General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) . She was the first woman to hold this post since the organization's inception in 1985. She was appointed Secretary -General at the Thirty-third Session of the SAARC Council of Ministers in February 2011, and assumed office in Kathmandu on 1 March 2011. She succeeded India's Sheel Kant Sharma, whose term ended in February. Mr. Ahmed Saleem is the present Secretary General of SAARC. 67. B 68. B Ireland’s Ke vin O’Brien has scored the fastest century in the history of World Cup cricket by reaching the landmark off just 50 balls against England. O’Brien has beaten Australian Matthew Hayden’s record of a century off 66 balls against South Africa at St Kitts in t he 2007 tournament. The 26-year-old O’Brien had hit 13 boundaries and six sixes in his blistering century which was also the sixth fastest ODI ton of all time. 69. D The 2G spectrum scam involved politicians and government officials in India illegally unde rcharging mobile telephony companies for frequency allocation licenses , which they would then use to create 2G subscriptions for cell phones. The shortfall between the money collected and the money which the law mandated to be collected is estimated to be 176,645 crore (US$32.15 billion), as valued by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India based on 3G and BWA spectrum auction prices in 2010. However, the exact loss is disputed.

70. D 71. A Sadhvi Pragya Singh Thakur is an Indian woman accused of orchestrating the Malegaon blasts of 2008 and is currently awaiting trial. Swami Aseemanand in his on-camera confessions named Pragya Singh Thakur as one of the key conspirators in the 2008 Malegaon, Ajmer dargah and Samjhauta express terror blasts. They are associated with Vishwa Hindu Parishad . 72. A PJ Thomas is the First Central Vigilance Commissioner whose appointment was quashed by the Supreme Court . An IAS officer of 1973 batch of Kerala cadre, the Thomas was listed as the eighth accused in the palmolein case that pertains to alleged corruption in import of 1,500 tonnes of palm oil from Malaysia through a Singapore-based firm when Congress stalwart late K Karunakaran was chief minister in 1992. 73. D The 17th Commonwealth Law Conference took place in Hyderabad . The theme of this conference “ Emerging Economies – Rule of Law: Challenges and Opportunities ” is especially relevant today when a new global architecture is taking place and there is restlessness in the air in many developing countries. The ability of emerging economies to be a partner in shaping the new international order in the 21st century will be determined to a large extent by the choices they make with respect to their systems of governance as well as the legal and institutional structures they devise for enforcing the rule of law. 74. C Gustavo Alfredo Santaolalla is an Argentine musician , film composer and producer. He has won two Academy Awards for Best Original Score in two consecutive years, for Brokeback Mountain in 2006 and Babel in 2007.Recently; he directed music for Aamir Khan's latest movie Dhobi Ghat , which was released on January 21, 2011. 75. C .The Lucknow bench of the Allahabad High Court pronounced judgment in the Ayodhya title suit, saying Hindus and Muslims are joint title holders . The three-judge bench - comprising Justice S U Khan, Justice Sudhir Agarwal and Justice D V Sharma - ruled in a majority judgment 2:1, that there be a three-way division of the disputed land - one-third for the Sunni Waqf Board, one-third for the Nirmohi Akhara and one-third to the party for 'Ram Lalla' . Thus, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sang was not awarded a portion of the contested land. 76. D 77. A 78. B

The niyamgiri hill is sacred to the Dongria Kondh . They have always lived there. The hill is not only their god; it is also their home and livelihood. British mining company Vedanta has plans for open-cast mining on Niyamgiri hill . The effects will be devastating for the hill's eco- system and the future existence of the Dongria Kondh. They do not want to live without their mountain. 79. B Siddhartha Shankar Ray was a Benngali politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He was a prominent barrister, Punjab Governor and Education minister of India. He was also the ambassador of India to the United States of America and served as the Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1972 to 1977. He passed away in Kolkata on 6 th November, 2010. 80. B Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India is a 2011 biography of Indian political and spiritual leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi written by Pulitzer Prize-winning author Joseph Lelyveld and published by Alfred A Knopf. The book is split between the time Gandhi spent in South Africa and his return to India as the Mahatma. 81. C Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi was an Indian vocalist in the Hindustani classical tradition. A member of the Kirana Gharana (school), he is renowned for the khayal form of singing , as well as for his popular renditions of devotional music. He was the most recent recipient of the Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian honour, awarded in 2008. 82. B 14th March 2011 is a special day for Indian cinema as it marks the 80th anniversary of Alam Ara - the first Indian film to have sound . On this very day in the year 1931, Alam Ara debuted at the Majestic cinema in Mumbai causing such frenzy and stampede among the audience that the police control had to be called for. Alam Ara also featured the first song of Indian cinema -'De De Khuda Ke Naam Par'- sung by actor Wazir Mohammed Khan himself. The film, directed by Ardeshir Irani , is a love story between a prince and a gypsy girl and was based on a Parsi play. 83. B The album Namaste India features a meditative mix of music by Kenny G and Rahul Sharma. Kenny G is an American adult contemporary and smooth jazz saxophonist. He is the biggest- selling instrumental musician of the modern era, with global sales totaling more than 75 million albums. 84. D 85. C

86. B Karun Chandhok has been appointed as the Reserve Driver for Team Lotus for the 2011 season . Only the second Indian to enter the Formula One grid, Chandhok raced for HRT Cosworth last season and was placed 22nd in the drivers’ championship. 87. C The sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol took place in Cancun and was hosted by the Government of Mexico . Recently, the 18th session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the 8th session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol opened on 26 November and continued until 8 December, 2012 at the Qatar National Convention Centre in Doha, Qatar . 88. A Muammar Gaddafi or Colonel Gaddafi was a Libyan politician and political theorist. He served as the ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. He did not belong to Syria and hence the pairing is incorrect. 89. C 90. C Srikrishna Committee on Telangana or Committee for consultations on the situation in Andhra Pradesh (CCSAP) is a committee headed by former chief justice B. N. Srikrishna to look into the demand for separate statehood for Telangana or keep the State united in the present form, Andhra Pradesh . The committee was constituted by the Government of India in 3 February 2010 and submitted its report on 30 December 2010 to the Ministry of Home Affairs. They invited people from all sections of the society and toured the entire state to take everybody's opinion on the statehood. The report was released to the public on the internet on 6 January 2011.

CLAT 2012

41. b “Man is by nature a social animal; an individual who is unsocial naturally and not accidentally is either beneath our notice or more than human. Society is something that precedes the individual. Anyone who either cannot lead the common life or is so self-sufficient as not to need to, and therefore does not partake of society, is either a beast or a god. ” ― Aristotle

42. c Launched back in 2001, World Computer Literacy Day which falls each year on December 2nd aims to curb the digital divide that exists in the world today. The Day aims to increase awareness of this ‘divide’ and increase access to information technology for disadvantaged communities. 43. a French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789, the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789. Hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789,” denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848. philosophe, any of the literary men, scientists, and thinkers of 18th-century France who were united, in spite of divergent personal views, in their conviction of the supremac y and efficacy of human reason. Inspired by the philosophic thought of René Descartes, the skepticism of the Libertins, or freethinkers, and the popularization of science by Bernard de Fontenelle, the philosophes expressed support for social, economic, and political reforms, occasioned by sectarian dissensions within the church, the weakening of the absolute monarchy, and the ruinous wars that had occurred toward the end of Louis XIV’s reign. In the early part of the 18th century, the movement was dominated by Voltaire and Montesquieu, but that restrained phase became more volatile in the second half of the century. Denis Diderot, Jean-Jacques Rousseau , Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, and the Marquis de Condorcet were among the philosophes who devoted their energies to compiling the Encyclopédie, one of the great intellectual achievements of the century.. 44. d 45. b 46. c Dhyan Chand Award is the highest award conferred in India for lifetime achievement in sports and games. Aparna Ghosh (Basketball) was the first player to win this award. Dhyan Chand Awards 2012: 1. Shri Jagraj Singh Mann - Athletics 2. Shri Gundeep Kumar - Hockey 3. Shri Vinod Kumar - Wrestling 4. Shri Sukhbir Singh Tokas - Para-Sports

47. b Pushkar Fair 2013 36

Pushkar - The biggest camel fair on the earth happening this year from Nov 09 to 17, 2013 Originally begun as a festival to honour Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, it also became the biggest camel fair on earth. The 200,000 pilgrims, farmers and camel drivers who attend it each year are joined by 50,000 camels and cattle, all descending on the small town of Pushkar at the edge of the Marusthali Desert. • It is the world's largest Camel Fair. • Pushkar is the only place with a Brahma Temple in the world. • Huge gathering of foreign and Indian tourists, sage and hermits of India. • A colourful affair, an unparalleled heat and festivity all around. • The Holy Pushkar Lake with 52 Ghats surrounding it, is one of the focal point of Pushkar - an artificial lake created in 12th century. • Various cultural and sporting events organized by Rajasthan Govt. during the fair, where you can participate yourself.

48. a The United Kingdom will host the 39th G8 summit near Enniskillen in County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland on 17-18 June 2013. The world will be focusing on the eight l eading industrial nations of the world, the European Union, NATO and the 6 Emerging Nations as they converge on Enniskillen, County Fermanagh in Northern Ireland—the host of the 39th G8 Summit. The annual meeting of the G8 Summit provides an opportunity for leaders to have face-to-face discussions on key issues of global importance. Each year the G8 Summit deals with pressing issues and offers articles from world- renowned experts in the renewable energy, climate change, security and the world recession

49. c The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 was awarded to Mo Yan (pen-name of Guan Moye Born: 1955, Gaomi, China) "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary".

50. b UNESCO is committed to supporting effective literacy polic ies and programmes. To that effect, the Organization honours excellence and innovation in the field of literacy throughout the world. Every year, on the occasion of International Literacy Day (8 September), UNESCO awards the International Literacy Prizes t o institutions, organizations and individuals whose efforts contribute to the promotion of dynamic literate societies. Literacy programmes from Bhutan, Indonesia, Colombia and Rwanda are the winners of UNESCO’s literacy prizes for 2012 . The Director-General of UNESCO Irina Boko va announced the laureates, upon the recommendation of an international jury. They received their awards at a ceremony held at UNESCO Headquarters on 6 September, as part of the celebrations for International Literacy Day on 8 September.

51. d The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted on 10 December 1948. The date has since served to mark Human Rights Day worldwide. The High Commissioner for Human Rights, as the main UN rights official, and her Office play a major role in coordinating efforts for the yearly observance of Human Rights Day ☺ The Offic e of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has been awarded the Guinness World Record for having collected, translated and disseminated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights into more than 380 languages and dialects: from Abkhaz to Zulu. The Universal Declaration is thus the most translated document - indeed, the most "universal" one in the world.

52. b 53. a 54. b 55. c

56. d As Chairman and CEO of Hyde Park Entertainment, Ashok Amritraj is one of the most successful producers in Hollywood today, and recently produced the box office hit. ☺ He came to the U.S. from India to play professional tennis with Jerry Buss' L.A. Strings, with teammates Chris Evert and Ilie Nastase, winning a World Team Tennis Championship in 1978 and the Most Valuable Player Award. Amritraj has played in every major tennis tournament during his nine-year career including Wimbeldon and the U.S. Open. Part of the Amritraj tennis dynasty, he was also a finalist at the 1974 Wimbledon Junior Tournament. He is on the Foreign Film Board of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, a member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and is on the International Council for the Emmy Awards

57. c 2008 - Beijing, China 2012 - London, United Kingdom 2016 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2020 - Candidate host cities: Istanbul, Tokyo, or Madrid (Host city to be selected September 2013)

58. b THE All India Football Federation 66the editon of National football tournament Santosh Trophy -2012 held in Odisha which started from 11th May 2012. Championship was inaugurated on 11th May 2012 simultaneously at four venues Cuttack, Bhubaneswar, Sambalpur and Bargarh. Santosh Trophy 2012 Finals result Services won by 3-2 by Tamil Nadu

59. d 38

A sustained, rapid increase in prices, as measured by some broad index (such as Consumer Price Index) over months or years, and mirrored in the correspondingly decreasing purchasing power of the currency. It has its worst effect on the fixed-wage earners, and is a disincentive to save. There is no one single, universally accepted cause of inflation, and the modern economic theory describes three types of inflation: ☺ (1) Cost-push inflation is due to wage increases that cause businesses to raise prices to cover higher labor costs, which leads to demand for still higher wages (the wage-price spiral), (2) Demand-pull inflation results from increasing consumer demand financed by easier availability of credit; (3) Monetary inflation caused by the expansion in money supply (due to printing of mor e money by a government to cover its deficits). See also deflation and hyperinflation.

60. c 61. a 62. c 63. c 64. a The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining in ternational peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organ ization can take action on a wide range of issues, and provide a forum for its 193 Member States to express their views, through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees. 65. b 66. d 67. b 68. c Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. It starts in the bone marrow, the soft tissue inside most bones. Bone marrow is where blood cells are made.

69. b Osama bin Laden, the founder and head of the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, shortly after 1 am local time by Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six). The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear , was carried out in a Central Intelligence Agency-led operation. In addition to

DEVGRU, participating units included the U.S. Army Special Operations Command's 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne) and CIA operatives. The raid on bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, was launched from Afghanistan. After the raid, U.S. forces took bin Laden's body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried it at sea within 24 hours of his death.

70. c

71. a A light year is the distance light travels in one year: roughly 9.46 × 1012 kilometres (9.46 petametres, or about 5.88 × 1012 (nearly six trillion) miles). More specifically, a light year is defined as the distance that a photon would trav el, in free space and infinitely far away from any gravitational or magnetic fields, in one Julian year (365.25 days of 86400 seconds each).

72. c BRICS Summits 2013: March 15-17, Durban, South Africa 2012: June 18, Los Cabos, Mexico 2012: March 29, New Delhi, India 2012 Delhi Declaration and Delhi Action Plan 2011: November 3, Cannes, France 2011: April 14, Sanya, China 2010: April 15, Brasilia, Brazil 2009: June 16, Yekaterinburg, Russia 73. c 74. c

75. d MANGERA The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Some important and examination points of view of MANGRA are:

1. The aims of scheme is enhancing the livelihood security of people in rural areas by guaranteeing 100 days of wage-employment in a financial year to a rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. 2. NOTE: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) from 100 to 150 days. This Act also as called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005. 3. It is extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. 3. If person not able to get employment within fifteen days of receipt of his application seeking employment he shall be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance in accordance with this section. 4. MANERGA Official website address www.nrega.nic.in 40

4. It comes under Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) 5. Jairam Ramesh is the present Union Minister for Rural Development of India 6. In April 2008 NREGA expanded to entire rural area of the country covering 34 States and Union Territories, 614 Districts, 6,096 Blocks and 2.65 lakhs Gram Panchayat Wages: Against the Rs 100 per day wages originally approved, actual wages given are as high as Rs 181 in Nicobar. Haryana gives Rs 179 daily, while daily wages in Chand igarh under the scheme is Rs 174. It is Rs 170 in Andaman and Rs 150 in Kerala. The wages are in the range of Rs 118 to Rs 138 per day.

76. a

77. c Dadasaheb Phalke Award Winners The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is an annual award given by the Indian governmen t for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. It was instituted in 1969 the birth centenary year of Dadasaheb Phalke, considered the father of Indian cinema. Year -Winner 1969 -Devika Rani 2008 -V. K. Murthy 2009- D. Ramanaidu 2010- K. Balachander 2011- Soumitra Chatterjee

78. a 79. b 80. a

81. c The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability. It provides policy advice and financing to members in economic difficulties and also works with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty. What IMF is doing? The IMF promotes international monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability, facilitates the balanced growth of international trade, and provides resources to help members in balance of payments difficulties or to assist with poverty reduction. IMF Membership The IMF currently has a near-global membership of 188 countries. To become a member, a country must apply and then be accepted by a majority of the existing members. In April 2012, Republic of South Sudan joined the IMF, becoming the institution's 188th member.

82. a The International Criminal Court (ICC), governed by the Rome Statute, is the first permanent, treaty based, international criminal court established to help end impunity for the pe rpetrators of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community. The ICC is an independent international organisation, and is not part of the United Nations system. Its seat is at The Hague in the Netherlands . Although the Court’s expenses are funded primarily by States Parties, it also receives voluntary contributions from governments, international organisations, individuals, corporations and other entities.

83. b 84. a 85. a

86. b Priyanka Chopra appointed as UNICEF National Ambassador Priyanka Chopra started her collaboration with UNICEF in 2008. Since then, she has recorded a series of public service announcements championing girls’ education. ☺

87. d

88. b The Supreme Court declared illegal the policy of arming local tribal people to combat Maoists(Salwa Judum) in Chhattisgarh as special police officers (SPOs) to fight Maoists and ordered the state government to immediately stop using SPOs and recall all firearms issued to them. Declaring the campaign as “an extreme form of transgre ssion of constitutional boundaries”, a bench headed by justice B Sudershan Reddy ordered the Centre to immediately stop using its funds to recruit SPOs.

89. b 90. c