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HERB HERBERT FAVOURITE HERBS Horseradish and TM Wasabi Japanese Horseradish Armoracea rusticana syn. Cochlearia amoracia Any enquiries can be directed to: HERB HERBERT P/L PO Box 24 Monbulk useful and easily propagated plant that is grown Horseradish plants should be Victoria 3793 AUSTRALIA A E-mail: [email protected] for it's white pungent root. Its most traditional removed and replanted every use is as a sauce served with beef. It can be mixed Year for top-quality roots. Care should be taken to with vinegar for a salad dressing. remove even the smallest root piece as it may reshoot and cause a problem. Plants produce a large root system when grown in a well-manured soil, making them unsuitable for Roots can be shredded and dried for storage. containers, but the nature of the plant allows it to be placed in any odd corner rather than growing it in Horseradish is a member of the cabbage family and, valuable open ground. while it is affected by few of the common pests, it should be considered in planning crop rotation. Horseradish does not produce seed, although it will send up a small seed stalk with sterile flowers. New A tasty sauce can be made by using 4 tablespoons of plants are grown either by dividing up old crowns or by grated fresh root, 2 tablespoons of wine vinegar, 2 taking root cuttings. teaspoons of dry mustard. Mix the ingredients until well blended then add 4 tablespoons of beaten cream. Root cuttings are preferred as they seem to produce Chill for half an hour before serving. straighter and thicker roots. The ideal root cutting is made by obtaining Wasabi Japanese Horseradish. Perennial. Root is used as a smooth straight a condiment and has an extremely strong flavor. Its piece of root about hotness is more akin to that of a hot mustard than 1 cm thick and 20 cm that of the capsicum in a chilli pepper, producing long. When taking vapours that stimulate the nasal passages more than it from the plant it the tongue. is a good idea to cut the top end square and the lower end with an angled cut to ensure that the root is planted the correct way up. T P/L C HERB HERBER Plant the root piece so the upper end is 3 cm below the surface and the lower end 8 cm deep. Leave 30 cm between each plant. Prune shoots as they appear to the three strongest. www.herbherbert.com.

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Paprika—Capsicum Annuum L.1 James M
HS637 Paprika—Capsicum annuum L.1 James M. Stephens2 Paprika is a type of mild pepper that is dried, ground, and used as a spice. Most of the paprika peppers grown in the United States have been introduced from southern Europe. In areas where grown, selections have been made for color, shape, and thickness of pods, and flavor of the ground product. Some of the local selections have become fairly well established as to type, but none as varieties. Processors have developed varieties for dehydration, but these are not available for public planting. The so-called Hungarian paprika is grown more widely in the United States than any other. Spanish paprika is also grown but to a lesser extent. Figure 1. Paprika pepper. Description Credits: James M. Stephens, UF/IFAS Hungarian paprika produces fruits that are 2–5 inches long, Culture depending on the strain. The shape varies from conical In Florida, very little paprika is grown, although like other (pointed) to oblong (tapering), and walls are usually thin. peppers it appears to be well adapted here and to other Some strains are more pungent (hot) than others, but most pepper-growing areas of the South. Years ago it was grown are mild. There appears to be great variability in the strains commercially in South Carolina and Louisiana. of paprika coming directly from Hungary. Some are much smaller and rounder than the United States selections Paprika is started from seed, early in the spring as soon as already described. frost danger has passed. Plants are spaced 12 inches apart in rows 3 feet apart.
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Cochlearia Groenlandica L
Cochlearia groenlandica L. synonym: Cochlearia officinalis L. scurvygrass Brassicaceae - mustard family status: State Sensitive, BLM strategic rank: G4? / S1S2 General Description: Fleshy, hairless biennial or perennial (sometimes annual); stems several, decumbent or occasionally erect, (5) 10-30 (35) cm long. Basal leaves in a rosette, petioles slender, usually several times longer than the blades, the blades (5) 10-20 mm long, kidney-shaped, heart-shaped or ovate; margins smooth to wavy. Stem leaves usually with larger blades, sessile or broadly short-petiolate, and generally toothed. Floral Characteristics: Racemes much elongated in fruit; flowers inconspicuous. Sepals 4, not saccate at the base; pedicels ascending, 5-15 mm long. Petals white, 3-5 mm long; stamens 6; style 0.2-0.5 mm long. Flowers June to August. Illustration by John H. Rumely, ©1964 University of Washington Fruits: Silicles without stalks, oval to elliptic, (3) 4-7 mm long, Press inflated and somewhat obcompressed, valves prominently nerved. Seeds biseriate, not mucilaginous when wet. Identification Tips: Distinguished from other mustards by its inflated and somewhat obcompressed fruit, maritime habit, fleshy herbage, and basal leaves with long petioles. Range: Circumboreal at high latitudes: islands of the Bering Sea, the Arctic, northern Europe, AK, C anada, and extending southward along the Pacific coast to WA and southern OR. Habitat/Ecology: Maritime. In crevices of rocky bluffs and © Mandy Lindeberg sea stacks, and in gravel and sand along tidal plains. WA populations have been found near the high tide zone in rocky alluvium, along creek beds, on bluffs in the salt spray zone, and near seabird nesting areas on rocky cliffs with bases that are inundated by high tides.
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Biogeography and Diversification of Brassicales
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99 (2016) 204–224 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Biogeography and diversification of Brassicales: A 103 million year tale ⇑ Warren M. Cardinal-McTeague a,1, Kenneth J. Sytsma b, Jocelyn C. Hall a, a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada b Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA article info abstract Article history: Brassicales is a diverse order perhaps most famous because it houses Brassicaceae and, its premier mem- Received 22 July 2015 ber, Arabidopsis thaliana. This widely distributed and species-rich lineage has been overlooked as a Revised 24 February 2016 promising system to investigate patterns of disjunct distributions and diversification rates. We analyzed Accepted 25 February 2016 plastid and mitochondrial sequence data from five gene regions (>8000 bp) across 151 taxa to: (1) Available online 15 March 2016 produce a chronogram for major lineages in Brassicales, including Brassicaceae and Arabidopsis, based on greater taxon sampling across the order and previously overlooked fossil evidence, (2) examine Keywords: biogeographical ancestral range estimations and disjunct distributions in BioGeoBEARS, and (3) determine Arabidopsis thaliana where shifts in species diversification occur using BAMM. The evolution and radiation of the Brassicales BAMM BEAST began 103 Mya and was linked to a series of inter-continental vicariant, long-distance dispersal, and land BioGeoBEARS bridge migration events. North America appears to be a significant area for early stem lineages in the Brassicaceae order. Shifts to Australia then African are evident at nodes near the core Brassicales, which diverged Cleomaceae 68.5 Mya (HPD = 75.6–62.0).
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“Jalapeño” “Habanero”
https://www.seedsavers.org/search? keywords=wisconsin%20lakes https://www.seedsavers.org/jalapeno-traveler- strain-pepper https://www.seedsavers.org/red-habanero- pepper https://www.seedsavers.org/learn#growing- Only collect seed from isolated guides peppers when growing more than one DIY isolation bags: http://www.realseeds.co.uk/ variety. pepperseedsaving.html “Wisconsin Lakes” For ALL pepper varieties, harvest http://wlkr.org/2009/10/02/saving-seeds-from- peppers/ peppers that are fully ripe, red, and (Capsicum annuum) starting to soften before collecting seed. “Jalapeño” Slice open pepper and separate seeds (Capsicum annuum) from the core. “Habanero” If saving seed from a hot pepper, use gloves and do not touch your eyes or (Capsicum chinense) breathe in fumes. Rinse seeds well and spread on a coffee filter, screen or newsprint to dry. Fully dry pepper seeds will snap in half when ready for storage in airtight containers. Pepper seeds will last up to 3 years when stored in a cool, dry location. 101 Second Street SE, Rochester, MN 55904 02-2020 507.328.2309 | www.rplmn.org Cut peppers from the plant with scissors or Cross-pollination will result in seed knife to prevent breaking branches and that won’t produce the same type of damaging the plant. fruit as the parent plant. To avoid cross-pollination, grow only one variety in a species. Sweet peppers are eaten raw in salads Grow “Wisconsin Lakes” or Start seeds indoors, planting them ¼ and sandwiches. “Jalapeño” as they are both Capsicum inch deep in potting soil. annuum. Spicier peppers are used in salsas and can Keep soil warm and moist, in an area be preserved by pickling.
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Menu 1 JAPANESE VS CHINESE BUFFET DINNER
Menu 1 JAPANESE VS CHINESE BUFFET DINNER APPETIZER/SALAD Seasonal seaweed, Marinated baby octopus, Boiled snow beans, Taro with Thai chili sauce, Honey dew melon Prawn, Deep fried bean curd with spicy and sweet sauce, Fried eggplant with dengaku sauce, assorted fresh lettuce, cucumber Japanese, tomatoes cherry, Slice of onion, corn kernel ** Served with Japanese wafu sauce, Sesame dressing, Thousand Island dressing, Caesar dressing, French dressing, Vinaigrette sauce *** SOUP Boiled wantan dumpling with vegetables soup *** SUSHI COUNTER Salmon sashimi, Tuna sashimi, White tuna sashimi, Cucumber roll, Egg roll, California roll, River eel roll, Egg mayo gunkan, Salmon mayo gunkan, corn mayo gunkan, Inari sushi Served with Soya sauce, Wasabi, Pickle Ginger *** TEPPANYAKI AND SHABU-SHABU COUNTER Chicken thigh, Fish, Prawn, Beef, Squid, Mix Vegetables ** Fish ball, Squid ball, Crab ball, Prawn ball, Cocktail sausage, Chicken ball, Chikuwa, Fish cake, Hard boil egg, Quail egg, Fuchuk, Prawn, Crab stick, Narutomaki, Sausage, Tauhu pok, Taro, Carrot, Lotus root, Ladies Finger fish cake, tau pok fish cake, eggplant fish cake, Green capsicum, Red capsicum, Yellow capsicum, Enoki mushroom, Shimeji mushroom, Shitake mushroom, Iringi mushroom, Oyster mushroom, Squid Fresh, Clam, Green half shell mussel, Cockle ** Cha soba, Yamaimo soba, Sanuki udon, Maggie, Chee Chong Fun ** Miso soup, Kim Chee soup, Chicken soup, Bonito soup ** Served with Goma tare sauce, Ponzu sauce, Japanese momeji chili sauce, teriyaki sauce, Chili sauce, Tomato sauce, Japanese
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Adenophora Liliifolia: Condition of Its Populations in Central Europe
ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 58/2: 83–105, 2016 DOI: 10.1515/abcsb-2016-0018 ADENOPHORA LILIIFOLIA: CONDITION OF ITS POPULATIONS IN CENTRAL EUROPE ROMANA PRAUSOVÁ1a*, LUCIE MAREČKOVÁ2a, ADAM KAPLER3, L’UBOŠ MAJESKÝ2, TÜNDE FARKAS4, ADRIAN INDREICA5, LENKA ŠAFÁŘOVÁ6 AND MILOSLAV KITNER2 1University of Hradec Králové, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 2Palacký University in Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic 3PAS Botanical Garden – Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Prawdziwka 2, 02-973 Warsaw 76, Poland 4Aggteleki Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság, Tengerszem oldal 1, 3759 Jósvafő, Hungary 5Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Forestry, Şirul Beethoven – 1, 500123 Braşov, Romania 6East Bohemian Museum in Pardubice, Zámek 2, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic Received June 16, 2016; revision accepted September 30, 2016 This study deals with populations of the European-South-Siberian geoelement Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A. DC. in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland, where this species has its European periphery distri- bution. We studied the population size, genetic variability, site conditions, and vegetation units in which A. liliifolia grows.Keywords: Recent and historical localities of A. liliifolia were ranked into six vegetation units of both forest and non-for- est character. A phytosociological survey showed differences in the species composition among localities. Only a weak pattern of population structure was observed (only 22% of total genetic variation present at the interpopulation level, AMOVA analysis), with moderate values for gene diversity (Hj = 0.141) and polymorphism (P = 27.6%). Neighbor- joining and Bayesian clusterings suggest a similar genetic background for most of the populations from Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland, contrary to the populations from Hungary, Romania, as well as two populations from Central and South Slovakia.
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Cochlearia Officinalis As a Prophylactic for Covid19”
“Cochlearia officinalis as a prophylactic for Covid19” Pardis Tabaee Damavandi What are herbal remedies Dietary and herbal remedies are becoming increasingly important not only for we pharmacognosists1, but for all mankind, since Darwinian evolutionary theory teaches us that civilisation evolved from the “ape to the overman”2 transition thanks to the integration of certain officinal plants and nutritional foods in the diet, throughout the centuries. At pandemic joint, we find articles raving about how the essential oil contained in cooking herbs, “Eugenol”3 has been found to act as a prophylactic towards the covid19 virus, as well as how vitamin D deficient patients had a less desirable immune response to combating the infectious virions when exposed to them, and that implies locally (at skin juncture), rather than systemically too, and more (articles). There is also the side of profit that needs to be discussed, in terms of how much revenue supplements provide to production industries, controversially, these are making the administration of the same supplements sometimes difficult, due to human scepticism; and lastly there is lifestyle which has some impact too, as an example, avitaminosis is often observed in populations where alcohol intake is unusually regular, due to the induced “sated feeling” the consumption of ethanol produces in patients, making them more reluctant to eating vitamin-filled foods. Food industries in deprived regions that are not regulated also can be a source of the problem, rather than the solution, as low quality vegetables and fruits, or excessive use of pesticides, parallelly to the deleterious non use of pesticides impact the amount of nutrients within the source of subsistence in question.
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Cochlearia Polonica Fröhl
Vol. 79, No. 3: 255-261, 2010 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 255 COCHLEARIA POLONICA FRÖHL. (BRASSICACEAE), A NARROW ENDEMIC SPECIES OF SOUTHERN POLAND: HISTORY OF CONSERVATION EFFORTS, OVERVIEW OF CURRENT POPULATION RESOURCES AND GENETIC STRUCTURE OF POPULATIONS EL¯BIETA CIELAK 1, R Ó¯A KAMIERCZAKOWA 2, M ICHA £ RONIKIER 1 1 W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków Poland e-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków Poland (Received: December 10, 2009. Accepted: April 4, 2010) ABSTRACT Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae) is one of the rarest species in the Polish and European flora and a taxon endemic to a very small area in southern Poland. Due to industrial activities and subsequent transforma- tion of habitats it was extinct in all natural localities around 1994. The persistence of the species was ensured thanks to the active protection efforts including a series of transplantations based on the material from the last and decreasing natural population. The history of conservation efforts of C. polonica provides a model example of successful active protection in the European flora. Here, we provide a complete review comprising the following aims: (i) outline of the discovery and taxonomic conceptions on C. polonica , (ii) review of conservation efforts ai- med at preserving its populations, (iii) description of the existing population resources, and (iv) analysis of the ge- netic structure of all existing populations based on previously published data and new, supplementary results. KEY WORDS: Cochlearia polonica , endemic species, transplantation, introduced population, conser - vation, genetic variation, genetic structure, AFLP.
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Hot Peppers and Specialty Sweet Peppers
Center for Crop Diversification Crop Profile CCD-CP-101 Hot Peppers and Specialty Sweet Peppers Cheryl Kaiser1 and Matt Ernst2 Introduction Hot peppers, also known as chili (or chile) peppers, owe most of their “heat” or pungency to a chemical substance called capsaicin. This chemical is concen- trated in the cross walls of the fruit and around the developing seeds. Chili peppers can be mild to fiery hot, depending on the amount of capsaicin present. The amount of capsaicin in peppers is measured in Scoville Heat Units (SHU). Currently, the hottest pep- per is considered to be the ‘Carolina Reaper’ which has 2.2 million SHUs. A combination of genetics and environment are responsible for the amount of heat in hot peppers. Peppers that do not contain capsa- icin, such as bell peppers (0 SHUs), are considered “sweet.” In addition to the hot types, other specialty HABANERO PEPPERS peppers include sweet varieties of unusual shape, size HABANEROS (Capsicum chinense) are extremely hot and/or color. peppers that are small and lantern-shaped. They are light green to bright orange when ripe. Types of Hot and Specialty Sweet Peppers Unless otherwise noted, the following peppers are ITALIAN or CUBANELLE types are sweet to mildly hot, classified as the speciesCapsicum annuum. long, and somewhat flattened. These flavorful peppers change from yellow-green to orange, and then to red ANAHEIM peppers, also known as NEW MEXICAN CHILE, as they ripen. are a mild to hot pepper that are considerably longer than jalapeños. They are bright green to red when JALAPEÑO peppers range from sweet to mild to very fresh and brownish red when dried.
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University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ecology Of The Arctic Fox In Northern And Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors Chesemore, David Lee Download date 26/09/2021 00:11:53 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8257 MASTER'S THESIS M-1372 CHESEMORE, David Lee ECOLOGY OF THE ARCTIC FOX IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN ALASKA. University of Alaska, M.S., 1967 Agriculture, forestry and wildlife University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ECOLOGY OF THE ARCTIC FOX IN NORTHERN AND WESTERN ALASKA __ A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By David Lee Chesemore, B. S. College, Alaska May, 1967 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ECOLOGY OF THE ARCTIC FOX IN NORTHERN AND W ESTERN ALASK A APPROVED: Chairman Department Head APPROVED: ______DATE /£ /?/7 . j A ^ -__ ___ Dean of the Collegege ofof BiologicalBiological / / ' Sciences and Renewable Resources AU«. Vice President for Research and Advanced Study Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT The economic importance of the white fox in Barrow Village and its ecology on the Teshekpuk Lake Section of the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska, were studied from July, 1961, through May, 1963, and from September, 1966, through January, 1967. White fox pelts are economically prime from December to April with the best pelts being taken in January and February. In Alaska high fox populations occur on an average of every 3.
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Red Jalapeño Peppers, and Allow Its Substitution When an Organic Alternative Is Unavailable
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service | National Organic Program Document Cover Sheet https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/national-list/petitioned Document Type: ☒ National List Petition or Petition Update A petition is a request to amend the USDA National Organic Program’s National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances (National List). Any person may submit a petition to have a substance evaluated by the National Organic Standards Board (7 CFR 205.607(a)). Guidelines for submitting a petition are available in the NOP Handbook as NOP 3011, National List Petition Guidelines. Petitions are posted for the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. ☐ Technical Report A technical report is developed in response to a petition to amend the National List. Reports are also developed to assist in the review of substances that are already on the National List. Technical reports are completed by third-party contractors and are available to the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. Contractor names and dates completed are available in the report. PETITION TO THE NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM AND NATIONAL ORGANIC STANDRADS BOARD FOR RED JALAPEÑO POWDER PEPPERS TO BE ADDED TO THE NATIONAL LIST SECTION 205.606 Item A Mazazul Organics Organic and PVEG request that you amend the National List, Section 205.606, to include non-organic Red Jalapeño Peppers, and allow its substitution when an organic alternative is unavailable. Item B 1. Common Name: Red Jalapeño Chile Botanical/Latin Name: Capsic um annuum 2. Manufacturers’ Name, Address and Telephone PIVEG S, DE R.L. de C.V.
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Antiscorbutics": Some Notes on the Traditional Cures for "Land Scurvy"
Medical History, 1990, 34: 52-64. THE RISE AND FALL OF THE "ANTISCORBUTICS": SOME NOTES ON THE TRADITIONAL CURES FOR "LAND SCURVY" by R. ELWYN HUGHES * "For these have a singular priviledge and prerogative in reason, to pull up this disease by the rootes." (Wierus, 1622) . the simple antiscorbutics so much extolled by Eugalenus, are by no means sufficient to remove it." (Lind, 1753) The first part ofthis paper outlines the emergence ofthe "antiscorbutic" herbs as the basis of standard medications for treatmen;t of scurvy amongst land-dwellers. The second part describes the preparation of five "antiscorbutic" herb preparations reportedly successful in the treatment ofa number ofcases described as "scurvy" in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Analyses of their ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content indicates their essential ineffectiveness as a treatment for clinically-defined scurvy (avitaminosis C) and supports the beliefthat the term "scurvy" was widely used by clinicians to describe a range of conditions unrelated to lack of vitamin C. By the beginning ofthe seventeenth century the use oflemonjuice for the prevention and cure of scurvy (avitaminosis C) amongst seafaring personnel was reasonably well established in Europe.' John Woodall, in his Surgeon's mate (1639), commented that "Succus Limonum, or juice of lemons ... [is] the most precious helpe that ever was *R. Elwyn Hughes, Ph.D., School of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Wales, Cardiff CFI 3XF. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mr John Hurley and Miss Leila Moulay are to be thanked for their valuable assistance in the vitamin C analyses, Mr J. R. Kenyon for guiding me through the National Museum of Wales collection of early herbals, and Mr Ceri Davies ofthe University ofWales for assistance with the Latin texts.
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