Report of the Committee on Fire.Service Training John

Home , Dynamite, State Fire Service

Report of the Committee on Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on all fire service training techniques, operations, Fire.Service Training and procedures to develop maximum efficiency and proper utilization of available personnel. Such activities may include John Hnghind, Chair training guides for fire prevention, fire suppression, and other University of MD, MD missions for which the fire service has responsibility.

William E. Peterson, V/c~Chair The Report of the Technical Committee on Fire Service Training is Piano Fire Dept., TX presented for ad.option in 3 parts. Rep. Fire Marshals Assoc. of North America Part I of this Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Roger W. Bassett, Roselle, IL Fire Service Training and proposes for adoption a complete revision Edward W. Beat, Sacramento, CA to NFPA 1401-1989, Recommended Practice for Fire Service Thomas F.. Brown, DeKalb C~ty Pub. Safety, GA Tralniag Reports and Records. NFPA 1401-1989 is published in Michael L. Galhoun, NC Dept. of Insurance, NC Volume 12 of the 1994 National Fire Codes and in separate Ronald L. Callahan, Indianapolis, IN pamphlet form. Rep. IN Fire Dept. Gene P. Carlson, Oklahoma State University, OK Part I of this Rel)ort has been submitted to letter ballot of the Rep. Int'l Fire Service Training Assn. Technical Comrmttee on Fire Service Training which consists of 21 Harry IL Carter, Newark Fire Dept., NJ voting members. The results of the balloting can be found in the W. Rolland Connelly, Jr., Burlington, NJ_. report. John Lee Cook, Jr., Denton Fire Dept., IX Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section Part II of this l~eport was prepared by the Technical Committee on V'mcent K. Elmore, Palm Beach Fire Dept., FL lrtre Service Training and proposes for adoption a complete revision David C. Grnpp, Kemper Nat'l Insurance Co., IL to NFPA 1404-1989, Standard for a Fire Department Self-Contained P. Gerald Haag, Syntex (USA) Inc., CA Breathing Apparatus Program. NFPA 1404-1989 is published in James G. Kellam, Jr., VA Beach Fire Dept., VA Volume 8 of the 1994 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet Rep. Alliance for Fire and Emergency Mgmt. form. Mark IL Layton, AAI Corp., MD Robert A. Lincoin, Jr., Nassau Cnty Fire Service Academy, NY Part II of this Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the John B. Lockwood, Bowie, MD Technical Committee on Fire Service Training which consists of 21 John M. Loverin, Lawrence Livermore Nat'l Laboratory, CA voting members. The results of the balloting can be found in the George E. Luther, CT State Fire Admin., CT report. Charles L. Page, TX A&M University System, TX Thomas C. Quillin, Tallahassee Fire Dept., FL Part III of this Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on James B. Straseske, IL Fire Service Inst., IL Fire Service Training and proposes for adoption amendments to NFPA 1405-1990, Guide for Land-Based F'tre Fighters Who Respond Alternates to Marine Vessel F'n~g NFPA 1405-1990 is published inVolume 12 of the 1994 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. Robert F. Burger, Emergency Response Mgmt. System, NM (Air to E. Bent) Part III of this Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Robert Debrody, AAI Corp., MD Technical Committee on Fire Service Training which consists of 21 (Alt. to M. R. Layton) voting members. The results of the balloting can be found in the Carl Goodson, Fire Protection Publications, OK report. (Alt. to G. P. Carlson) Kent W. Koelz, Palm Beach Fire/Rescue, FL (Alt. to V. K. Elmore) Jack IL McElflsh, Clayton Calty Fire Dept., GA (Vot. Alt. to IAFC Rep.)

StaffLialson: L. Charles Smeby

This list represents tlw membership at the am, the Committee was balloted on t~ text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership raw) have occurred.

191 NFPA 1401 m F95 ROP

PART I NFPA 1401 (Log #CP1) Recommended Practice for Fire Service Tralr,:ng Reports and 1401-1 - (Entire Document): Accept Records SUBMI'Iq'ER: Technical Commilxee on Fire Service Training RECOMMENDATION: The Committee on Fire Service Training 1995 Edition proposes a complete revision of NFPA 1401, Recommended Practice for Fire Service Training Reports and Records. SUBSTANTIATION: The Committee has completely updated NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter NFPA 1401 to make the document more user friendly. designating a paragraph indicates explanatory.material on that COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. paragraph in Appendix A. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: Information on referenced publications can be found in AFFIRMATIVE: 22 Chapter 7. NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page

Chapter I Introduction 1-1 Scope. It is the intent of this document that "fire service organizations" be an all-inclusive term to describe those local municipal, state, federal, military, industrial, and private organizations w~th fire protection responsibilities and institutions that provide training for these organizations. Fire service organizations utilizing this document for the establishment, upgrading, or evaluau%n of their training records and report systems should be able to clearly document the performance and ability of individual and grOUlTS~ relating to: (a) Compliance with personnel performance standards; (b) Documentation of career development training and education;

(c) Cooperation with other agencies with which the or~ar~ization executes joint specialty operations (e.g., emergency medical services); (d) Training required by regulatory agencies (OSHA, etc.). 1-2" Purpose. This document presents a systematic approach to providing essential information for managing the training function of the fire service organization. Included are those types of records, reports, and forms that can serve as basic information tools for effective training administration. 1-3 General. 1-3.1 Need for Training Documentation. Training records have an important function in the administration of a fire service organization. As with any other community business, records and reports are an integral part of business management Fire training records and reports are often only part of the documentation that is required to meet legal and statutory requirements. When properly compiled and evaluated, these records will enable management to make effective decisions for planning, programming, and budgeting operations. Comouter vro~rrams are now available that vrovide the abilitv to analyze and systematize trainin¢ records and ufiicldv com6ile revoi~s that can aid in iustifvinCthe resources Sat tile fire chief expends on training acti~ties. " 1-3.2 Training records and reports should mmybe utilized by the training officer and line officers for analysis of the effectiveness of the training program in terms of time, manpower, and financing. Training records and reports should rtrny be utilized to develop eCific training objectives and to evaluate compliance with, or ficiencies in, the training program. Compliance with mandated training requirements should fl'nd+ be documented. Training records and reports are also becoming more important for use as evidence in public liability suits brought against the organization's fireground activities. 1-3.3 Function of Training Records and Reports. The management of training functions should be performed in a closed-feedback loop. G,~ a cG,,d,,uGao cycl-. These functions should not operate as an open-ended cyde. The cycle consists of: (a) planning; (b) organization; (c) implementation; (d) operation; (e) r erie.,

192 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

(f) feedback/alteration. What -was the subject covered? -equipment was utilized? 1-5.4" In each phase of the cycle, information is required for -operation was evaluated or affected? management to perform effectively. The information is provided -was the stated objective and was it met? through various types of records, reports, and studies. Records should, therefore, be designed to fit into the overall training When -will the event take place, or management cycle. In order to be most effective, these records must -did the event take place? contribute toward the overall organization information cycle• Where -will the event take place, or 1-4 Definitions. -did the event take place? Authority HavingJuri~diction.* The organization, office, or Why -is the event necessary, or individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or a -did the event occur? procedure. S¢¢ Anoendix B for examnles of trainin~ record forms. G.E.C. (~,~fi&~F~,ccudvc ~.cc~). The administrative head of the organization. The individual assigned the responsibility 2-1,2 Additional information or detail should be included to explain for management and control of all matters and concerns pertaining or clarify the document as might be deemed necessary.

Chapter 3 Types of Training Documents Education. The process of imparting knowledge or skill through systematic instruction. 3-1 Training Schedules.

Feedback. Comments and opinions about the system to be 3-1.1 Need for Training Schedules. All members of a fire denart- reviewed for appropriate changes or modifications to the system. ment should receive iz :~ ~,~.p,~. :-..t d.at MI .,,c,~Lc, o ~.:d,;,, ,~7,, - dc~,o~ a~,c,.~ Lc o~,~;cd ,X ~ccc:,:**g standardized instruction and Flow Chart. A diagram consisting of a set of symbols and connect- training. This requires considerable planning2 .- hi-towever, ing lines that show step-by-step progression through a procedure or standardization can be improved through the preparation of system. training schedules for use by department personnel. Functions. One of a group of related actions contributing to the 3-1.2 Tvaes of Trainin~ Schedules. Training schedolcs should be overall goals of the organization. orenared for all trainin~ ~round and dassroom sessions. It is important that consideration be given to the availability of training Management, The collective body of those who direct the opera- tO all oersonnel when schedules are nreoared. For examnle. tions of the organization. ° trainin~ sessions may have to be scheduled on consecutive days to accommodate career personnel or repeated on weekckays and on Periodic. Occurring or recurring at regular intervals, as determined weekends for volunteers. Schedulin~ training for industrial fire by the individual organization, e.g., weekly, monthly, quarterly, brigade members involves some additional considerations. Such semiannually, yearly, etc. asnects as the amount of time one can be away fronl one's work station or the provision of reolacement nersonnel to cover for fire Record. A perma.nent account of known or recorded facts bdgade meml3ers who are in{,olved in ozitical plant operations must • ~8 ..... ~ ...... g ~. ;.,,~c,,.~ that is utilized to recall or relate be considered when orenaring training schedules. Typical training past events or acts of an organization, or the individuals therein. schedules may include: "

Report. The act of giving an account of facts relating to past events 3-1.2.1"_ Periodic Training Schedule: Station Training. This or acts of an organization, or the individuals therein. schedule, which is prepared by the traiqing officer, designates specific subjects that must be ~~ by company or station Seasonal Needs. The periodic operating contingencies of a officers in conducting their station training. The comnanv officers particular geographic region that are established to overcome a use tl~is schedule to set ~eir own in.-sta~on tminin~ S.chcdhle. ~r specific set of circumstances, e.g., crop harvest, rainy season, etc.

Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required. 3-1.2.2"_ Periodic Training Schedule : Training Facility Activities. This schedule details when companies are to report to the training System. An organized or established procedure intended to form a facility for evolutions or classes. Days should also be set aside for network arranged to achieve specific goals. make-up sessions. Training activities conducted outside the trainin~ facility, or ~ver~ by outside agencies will also be shown on this Training. Skills that have been demonstrated, practiced, and sc_£h.e.~u le. achieved. 3-1.3 X%--).Schedules should be prepared for all training, including:

(a) recruit training; ?~dS~o..fl,!o/'~'U.*" 7:" 2 ~°1'1~ b~ ~ ~c.;,,v~ . ~c ..... v~:,l:~t (b) in-service training;

Training Officer. The person designated by the ~~ief (c) special training; cxcc~dvc 6~cc,- with authority for overall management and control of the organization's training program. (d) officer training;

(e) advanced training. Chapter 2 Elements of Training Documents 2-1 General.

2-1.1 Training documents, regardless of their intent or level of ~;v ..... ; ...... , ..... ~-;~o ~,~ v,.~W2 ...... ~;.v* 7 • sophistication, should focus on content, accuracy, and clarity. These documents should relay to the reader at least five specific elements of information:

Who -was the instructor? -participated, was in attendance? -is affected by the documents?

193 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

3.2 Training Reports. 5-$.3 Properly designed trainingrecords should be developed to meet the specific needs of each fire department. Training records 3-2.1 A training report should be complete and follow a logical should be detailed enough to enable factual reporting, yet be as sequence. Obviously, no general outline can be applied to the simple as possible. The number of records should be kept at a arrangement of a report since each report must be constructed minimum to avoid confusion and duplication of effort. according to its individual requirements. A reader has every right to expect a report to clearly and concisely present the essentials so that 3-3.4 Typical training records will include: conclusions can be grasped with a minimum of effort and delay. Furthermore, a reader has the right to expect a report to provide (a) Dally training record; sufficient discussion to ensure the correct interpretation of findings, which should indicate the nature of analysis and the process of (b) Company record; reasoning that leads to those findings. (c) Individual training record; 3.2. 9 Each item of a report should serve a definite purpose. Each table and chart in a report should be within the scope of the report. (d) Special and summary record. They should add to what has been stated or shown elsewhere, and they should be accurate without reasonable possibility of misunder- 3-4 Types of Training Records. standing. 3-4.1 Departmental Training Record. A report that serves as a 3.2.3 The process of writing reports includes five steps that are permanent record showing all the training fire personnel receive. generally used in identifying, investigating, evaluating, and solving a These reports are usually completed on a yearly basis. Company problem. These five steps should be accomplished before the report officers usually make entries on this form; however, training officers is written and are as follows: in small departments may take on this responsibility. (a) The purpose and scope of the report should be obtained. 3-4.2 Individual Special Course Record. Special schools or courses are often made available to fire fighters, and their attendance and (b) The method or pro.cedure should be outlined. certification should be recorded. (c) The essential facts should be collected. 3-4.3 Individual Training Record. A record containing a chrono- logical history of an individual's progress from the time of entry into (d) These facts should be analyzed and categorized. the organization until separation. (e) The correct conclusions and recommendations should be made. 3.4.4 Progress Chart. A record form that can give an accurate and complete picture of all class activities and work accomplished by 3.2.4 Accuracy and Details. Accuracy and clarity are the keynotes in both instructor and students. The chart will also show at a glance any report or form. If the reader or recipient detects inaccuracy, ho~m_he class or program is progressing with respect to calendar or then the veracity of the writer or division represented, as well as the time schedules. value of the report, is suspect. Details, but not padding, are necessary to show progress or accomplishment. Care should be $4.5 Certification Training Record (Fire l¢'tghter). A worksheet that exercised to ensure that the point or summary is reached and that maintains a record of each fire fighter's progress during pursuit of duplication with another form or report is not made. certification. 3.2.5 Types of Training Reports. The number and types of training 3-4.6 Educational Courses. Documentation of courses taken outside reports that need to be prepared will vary from department to the department, such as in institutions for higher education. department. While there are differing needs among fire departments, certain reports are common to most departments. Some 3-4.7 Vocational Courses. Documentation of courses, most given by typical training reports include: state orTegional programs in the form of workshops or outside demonstrations. (a) A complete inventory of apparatus and equipment assigned to the training division;

• (b) Detailedplans for iralning improvements that include all equipment and facility needs and cost figures;

(c) A detailed periodic report and evaluation on the training of all 3.4.8 Seminars and Other Training. All seminars, short courses, and probationary fire fighters; other individual or group development meetings attended should be documented. Any other certificate of achievement or completion (d) A monthly summary of all activities of the training division; obtained from this area of training should be made a part of the individual's training file. (e) An annual report of all activities of the training division. The annual report should describe the accomplishments during the year, • ~;~ c~'r~'~,.'-::~a~ ~.v.•~: = ,~,. : •:i "~ !" '~ ~ ~,r ~ -r. restate the goals and objectives of the training division, and describe the projected plans for the upcoming year.

3-2.6 There are times when a narrative report may be required. Before starting a nmTative report, the writer should consider who $4.9 Periodic Company Summary. A report showing all other will receive and digest the facts contained in the report. The length training conducted or attended by the company. Indicate the of the report should be determined by the knowledge the recipient number of hours each person spent on each subject and submit this has of the subject. report to the officer in charge of training through proper channels. Such reports should be submitted monthly. 3-3 Training Records. $4.10 Chief Officers' Periodic Training Summary. A report 3-3.1 Training records must be kept to document deparmaent showing all training conducted by fire companies within a division, training, and can assist in determining the program's effectiveness. battalion, or district. This report serves as a review for chief officers Information derived from such records can, for example, provide that company officers are properly conducting company training, the supporting data needed to justify additional training personnel and it can be submitted to the officer in charge of training for - and equipment. inclusion in monthly and yearly summaries. 3.3.2 Performance tests, examinations, and personnel evaluations $4.11 group Training Records and Evaluation. Because most can contribute to the development of the training program if the fireground operations are accomplished by more than one fire results are analyzed, filed, and properly applied. Training records fighter, group performance of basic evolutions is an important part should be kept current, revealing the status and progress of all otany training system. A means or method of measuring how personnel receiving training. Frequent analysis of training records' effective the organization's evolutions are and how well they prepare should present a clear picture of the success or failure of the the fire fighters to make an attack on a fire should be established. training program. The group or company performance standard evaluation report

194 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP form should be designed to allow for quick and accurate determina- Chapter 5 Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Training Record tion of the group's ability to meet mimmum basic requirements. System The report should also enable the individual group or company to check on the progress of their abilities in carrying out standard 5-1 General. evolutions and following established standard operating procedures, and suggest areas in which additional training is needed. 5.1.1 The evaluation of training records should be done constantly by the local department training officer or training committee. 3-5 State Certification Records. Each training record should be periodically evaluated to determine the following: 3-5.1 Since establishment of the NFPA professional qualifications series of standards, a number of states have developed and imple- (a) Has the individual taken all the required training? mented state fire service training certification systems to establish and recognize compliance with these minimum requirements for (b) ffnot, has the individual been scheduled for missed classes? various fire service professional levels. (c) Do performance deficiencies show up on the individual's 3-5.2 Information and documentation that should serve as a training record? foundation for submission to state certification programs should include, as a minimum, the following: (d) Ifso, what kind ofprogram is being developed to overcome these deficiencies? (a) A one-sourcefile of all training accomplished by the individual fire fighter during his/her career; (e) Have companies met all the required job performance standards establ'mhed by the deparunent? (b) Dates, hours, locations, and instructors of all special courses or seminars attended; (f) ff not, have the problems been identified and a program developed to overcome them? (c) Monthly summaries of all departmental training. (g) Are there areas of training that are being completely over- These records should require signatures of the instructor and the looked? person instructed, to serve as a valid record of the person's participation in the training. (h) Is the cycle of training sufficient to maintain skill levels?

3-5.$ The format used for state certification may be different than 5.1.2 All training records and the record keeping system should be that utilized by an individual department. This, in all probability, evaluated on at least an annual basis. Duringthe evaluation process~ will cause considerable problems with accurate record submission some key questions should be applied to each record: and should be addressed on the state level by all parties concerned. Various state certification forms are contained in Appendix B. (a) What is the purpose of the record?

(b) Who uses the information compiled? Chapter 4 Computerization of Reports and Records (c) ls the record compiling the right information? 4-1 General. (d) Do other records duplicate the material being compiled? 4-1.1 Data processing by computer is being widely used by fire departtnents, and the potential of the computer in the fire service (e) How long should records be retained? has yet to be realized. Many of those deparUnents that, in the past, utilized a computer only for dispatching and fire incident reporting NOTE: State laws will govern the length of time that records have found the advantages of applying the power and speed of the must be maintained. computer to other tasks. The introduction of relatively inexpensive computer systems and fire training records software has extended (f) Can "tralningtrends" be determined from a compilation ofthe their usefulness in fire department applications. Programs can also records? be used for reports and records. (g) Is there a simpler and more efficient way of recording the 4-1.2 The computer has the potential of eliminating many, if not all, information? of the problems faced by a manual record keeping system. With personnel moving from station to station and with vacation, sick time, and various other reasons, systems are normally far from Chapter 6 Legal Aspects of Record Keeping accurate and are usually most difficult to use in meaningful comparison or summarization because of their bulk, inaccuracy, or 6-1 Privacy of Personal Information. both. 6-1.1 Federal and state laws recognize the right of access to records 4-1.3 Computerized information systems canprovide a cost-effective maintained in the public domain. However, some areas are method of processing comprehensive data and generating reports in exempted from access, and clear-cut guidelines should be developed a form that is conducive to the decision-making process. In by the authority having jurisdiction to prevent the unnecessary and addition, often times the computerization of training records is illegal disclosure of information of a confidential nature. made very simple with modern state-of-the-art user language programming, which does not require the services of a highly 6-1.2 Test questions, scoring keys, employee training and educa- trained programmer in the development of the computer-based tional records, and other examination data made a part of an system. individual's training file usually cannot be disclosed without a court order or without written permission of the employee. 4-1.B. 1 Software programs are also available from a variety of sources to accomplish the record keeping requirements of the user with 6-1.B The fire chief or training officer should verify with local legal little or no modification. Before expending the time, effort, and counsel the specific laws regulating the jurisdiction in this regard money required to develop your own program, these commercially and ensure that adequate control measures are set in place for available alternatives should be evaluated. privacy of personal information.

4-1,3.2 Public domain software is available to the fire service from a 6-1.4 Legal counsel should also be contacted concerning the length variety of sources including the National Fire Academy. of time records and/or reports need to be kept on hand. Some documents need only to be maintained for a year, others for as long 4-1.4 Duplicate or backup records should be considered to protect as an individual is with the organization, and still others must be your da~ These should be stored at a site separate from the primary kept only for specific lengths of time. records. The use of a computer makes dais duplication or backing- up very easy. 6-1.5 Mo~ trajnitag records can be maintained in their entirety in a comnuterized form. thus greatly reducing the amount of ~aner that needs to be stored. Howler. tile reader'~s cautioned tha~ stme training records must be maintained in their ori~final hard-copy

195 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

(contemnorary) form. OSHA has held in various anneal orqeeed- A-1-$.4 ato3~ No published manual or reference document can be ings that'ori~nal records are roauired to be mainta]tqed for trainin~ applied as a nationally recognized system that will universally fit the aetiqities that are conducted snecificallv to comnlv with an OSHA- needs of all branches of the fire service. As such, knowledge of a fire mandated trainine reouirement. Examoles of this woe oftrainin~ service organization's information system is fundamental to are found in 29 C~1a, lC310.120. Hazardous Waste O terations and preparing any type of report form or any system of reporting... Emergency Resoonse (HAZWO PER): 29 CFR 1910.146. Permit Although the responsibility for information reporting is usually that Reoulred Confined Snares: and 29 CFR 1910.147. Control of of the ~ ..,K,£ ,.~.:udvc o~,c,.;, the information contained in Hazardous Enerav. the report generally originates from the supervisors of a company, unit, division, or bureau. Record keeping and reporting effective- 6-2 Record Keeping and Liability. ness is direcdy related to design, use, and application of an adequate information system. A clear analysis of the information needs in the 6-2.1 A concern of the fire service ~ is the i~cubab~ll~- ,f b~;c,g specific system is necessary. A good system of record keeping and reporting requires equally as much research effort as any other system in the organization [fit is to be effective and meaningful. A-l-4 Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "authority having =~a;i;ot a I,,-,,-~,];. ~o ~o~,,~,lct~, Aavcurate and complete training jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since records kept in accordance with this document. T;a;,.k,6 ccc~,,dz jV~lfiSdictionsand approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. are one of the ways fire departments can limit their liabihty. erepublic safety is primary, the authority havingjurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual 6-2.2 Accurate and complete training records are also required by a such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, number of different laws and standards. Federal and state regula- labor department, or health department; building official; electrical tions may require specific amounts and types of training. NFPA inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance 1403, Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions in Structures, and NFPA purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safe O and Health other insurance company representative may be the authority having Program, require the documentation of specific training. jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having 6-2.3 For agencies that conduct multijurisdictional training, it may jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or be ~ ~ to have a signed waiver warning notice for departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction. those individuals who participate in certain training activities. ~ A balance between manipulative skills training and classroom sessions should be considered in the preparation of Chapter 7 Referenced Publications training schedules. Such training schedules should include all of the topics necessary to satisfy job knowledge requirements and to 7-1 The following documents or portions thereof are referenced maintain skills already learned. within this recommended practice and should be considered part of the recommendations of this document. The edition indicated for ~ The scheduling of training will also be influenced by each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NF~A the time of year, in regard to weather conditions, seasonal needs, issuance of this document. new equipment, and specific personnel needs. 7-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. Appendix B NFPA 1403, Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions in Structures, This Appendix is not a part of the recommendations of this NFPA document 1992 edition. but is included for informational purposes only. NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational SafeO and The following exhibits are examples of reports and records as Health Program, 1992 edition. recommended by this document NOTE: The subjects and time frame shown may be changed to Appendix A Explanatory Material meet the training needs of a particular department. This Appendix is not a part of the recommendations of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. It should be understood that record keeping is not an end in itself. Training reporting systems are a process of providing management information for use in the decision-making process. Records are the tools for administering the human resource development of the' fire service organization. The objective of the training process is to improve the performance of the individual and the over~l performance of the organization. Training programs established and implemented within the organization should be people-oriented and action-minded, and the records and reporting system used in conjunction with the program should reflect this attitude.

196 INDIVIDUAL TRAINING PROGRESS RECORD OF NAME OF TRAINEE SOCIAL SECURITY NO, SIGNAI~URE OF TRAINEE " IINIT|ALS SIGNATURE OF CERTIFIED INSTRUCTOR INITIALS ] SUBJECT # FIREFIGHTER I # FIREFIGHTER II # FIREFIGHTER Ill I IFSTA 1001 '" INBTR* TRAINtE INET~. TNAINEI INBTR TRAINEE COURSE OUTLINE F, F. LEVEL BOOK PAGE SECTION ;1~ DATE ]RAGE INIT. INIT. DATI 3RAD[ INIT, INIT, DATE )RADI INIT. , INIT. I I. ORIENTATION I - , ,, ,,, 203 71-87, 106, | 126& 132 3-1.3 I. OUTLINE OF TRAINING K I 2 3 PROGRAM S 0 O 0 204 133-145 MATERIAL TO BE COVERED K-1. Needs, objectives, purpose and scope of course • course content, schedule, instructors, expectations and matedais.

K-2. Class scheduling and process for all levels • definitions 203 85 of: identify, demonstrate, cognitive and psychomotor behavioral objectives • concurrent wo/k training 303 27 & 33 Z activities credit.

K-3. Program curricula, training aids, development and 203 103-I 27 evaluation. 303 31-37 & 100-103 I 2. DUTIES AND FF t tt ttt 202 3-8 RESPONSIBILITIES- K 1 2 3 203 REFERENCE SECTION 71-84, 3-1.3 1,9 FOR FIREFIGHTER S 0 0 0 103-116 RESPONSIBILITI ES

MATERIAL TO BE COVERED K-1. Fire department rules, regulations and procedures.

K-2. Student responsibilities as established by the local authodly having jurisdiction.

K-3. Performance observation, appraisal and Oounseling as required and administered by the local department or 301 31-43 school authorities. 110 17-23

3. TESTING PROCEDUREs FF I II III 203 88-110 3-1.3 K 2 2 2 303 17.23 S 0 0 0 "~.

Exhibit A Individual Training Progress Record ~" NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

INDIVIDUAL FIRE DEPARTMENT TRAINING RECORD

SHIFT. RANK/ DATE COMPANY NAME , .... POSITION EMPLOYED STATION

,,,,, ,,,, , ,i,,, ,~ "EX,/U~ NORM :Z ,,,,I "~ EVALU .m ~ i.- m I-: " -' DATE SUBJECT LOCATION ~ .OURS r~-rR~rO~ !~ ~ .~ ~"4 w"~ ~~- ~<

i i ii i

II I I

I II

I II I II IIm

I I I II I I m

I m mm mm II I I II

II I I IN m m

I I I m m m IN m m m m m m

i i i i I I II II il I I m

I m

I I I I II II IN m i

I I I I I

m i ii i ii i m

i ii m m m i m I

I IIII II m m m i m I m

Exhibit B Individual Training Summary Record

198 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

FIRE DEPARTMENT INDIVIDUAL TRAINING PROGRESS RECORD Daily

NAME OF TRAINEE I -~-~° --°- I...... i '° ...... o,~...... ~°l. I CERTIFIED FIRE FIGHTER/CERTIFIED ADVANCED FIRE FIGHTER For Month of /1/= HOUR ylV= HOURS rOTAL SUBJECT// 1 HOUR X 2 HOURS ~IOUR$ FOR M,ONTH I. Orientation

2. Fire Behavior - Sciefice

3. Extinguishers end ~xtinguishing Agents

4. Smell Tools end EQuiDmant

S. Communications

6. Rol~es and Knots

7. Breathing Equioment

8. Ladders

9. Hose

10. Mathematics

11. Water Su~iy

12. Fire Streams

13. installed Fire Detection, Alarm and Ext. Systems

14. Forcible Entry

15. Ventilation

16. Rescue

17. Salvage and Overhaul

18. Fire Prevention and I nsl:)ection Practices

19. Personal Safety and Hazards

20. ADgaratus OrivinglOpm'etion

21. Fi~'st Aid

22. Arson Evidence

23. Fireman's Law

24. Fire Suopreclion Tectlcs/StretlKJY

2S. Pre-Fire Planning

26. Disasters. Riot~ and Conflagrations

27. Aircraft Fire Protection alld Rescue

28. Fire Serwce Re~ords and Regorts

29. Soactelized Equipment and TechniQues

30. Proficiency Locally Examined

Exhibit C Individual Daily Training Record -- By Subject Area and Hours

199 NFPA 1401 m F95 ROP

Monthly RANK INDIVIDUAL TRAINING RECORD

YEAR NAME DEPARTMENT

SHIFT COMPANY SUPERVISOR INSTRUCTOR

.. ;TOTAL SUBJECT REQUIRED BY THE ~ ~ U~ I": ILL. FIRE COMMISSION ~ ~ 0 --) 4: m O Z 0 -- ~ < :E "~ YEAR I. Orientatlon

2. Fire Behavior - Science

3, Extint~uishers and Extinguishing Agents

4'. Small Tools end Equipment 5: eommu.=,i'o,,;...... 6. Rope; and Knots 7, Breathing Equipment

8. Leaden 9. Hose 10. Mathematics

11, Water Supply 12. Fire Streams

13. Installed Fire Oetection, Alarm end Ext. Systems

14.° Forcible Entry 15. Ventilation

16. Rescue 17. Salvage end Overhaul

18. Fire Prevention end Inspection Practices

19/Personal Safety end HazaCds 20.' Apparatus Driving/Operation 21. First Aid 22. Arson Evidence 23. Fireman's Law 24, Fire Suppression Tactics/Strategy 25. Pre-Fire Planning

26. Disasters. Riots end Conflagrations

27. Aircraft Fire Protection-and Rescue

28. Fire Service Records and Repor~

29. Specialized Equipment and Techniques

30, Proficiency Locally Examined

Exhibit D Individual Monthly Training Record -- By Subject Area and Hours

2OO NFPA 14e1 -- Fgs ROt~

I ii I i IIII i FIRE SERVICE TRAINING PROGRESI RECORD OFmmrs m.

FiRE FIGHTER I

CERTIFIEO FIRE FIGt~ER II +i,

AOVAmCtOCemnmeo Free mom'u .i - . :

FIRE OFFICER I

FIRE OFFICER II

FIRE ,OFFICER Ul ....

FIRE INSTRUCTOR I FIRE INSTRUCTOIt II tl FIRE INSTRUCTOR lU

FIRE ilIITRI,ICTOR IV i L

i i i * i i I INto O61:M~1 ,,, I + FIRE~"e,UlATUS mmm~rm t~AOO~ I , , _ , , i ! m AIRPORT FIRE FNBHTER ,, ,','

FIRE PREVENTION ~ I L FIRE INVESTIGATOR I...... i FIRE II~EVENTIOI# EI~ICATION OFFIC4ER I FIRE • * mnm, mmmmm,lv_.._.l__._._.., , ...... FIRE ,,vmmo.To, I, FIRE.m,,,.~ .~.~, O.,+.. ,,

FI RE ,,PREVENTION ~ IH .,, + / .FIRE INVESTIGAI"OI! m ...... , , FIRE PRIVENTION ~TION OFFICER nl •

- " FiRE+SERVICE RELATED COLLEGECOURSES+~0MPLETED ,, ,, ,,, COUmP,..... E~ TITLE, ,o*~m . 1 oli ":Oi.I.IGI I Iii i . +l I! I , + . ,Y + . , ,i , II , i +!+

u r !- + 0

TECHMCA" Trauma, S.0mT couture. Stalin+ms. ~ct

L+ " +I = + m

Ihl :-" :i ~ ~

+ , ! lP

SPECIAL QUALI FICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS IN. ADDITION TO TIIAINI~IG m+n;fimnt addition~ d~k., tiom~ tO o~Im, oUW ~ h~d, ~ ~om,~i~mmm, .--,------..___.,__-..-~

---'---'------" i~ f

.... ~, ,- i ii ii ~ I ~ i ' ..... ] i' ~ i '~1 ii Ii ii i I I + • I I II +

Exhibit E Individual Professional Qualifications Record COMPARATIVE INDIVIDUAL PROGRESS RECORD

PROJECT NUMBER

STUDENTS I1

3 4 5 k.t O 6 7 8 I 9 !0 t~ 11 ¸ 12i 13 14 15 16 I

19k'81

21 22 23 24 251

Exhibit F Comparative Individual Progress Record NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

NAME SOC. SEC. NO. SPECIAL COURSES

DATE SCHOOL & LOCATION SUBJECT HOURS

21-22 Community College Superv£sory Practices 12 NOv. 70 3-4 Civil Defense-State Capitol RadiologicalMonitoring 16 Apr.71 6-8 City Police Academy Defensive Driving I0 AuK. 71

Exhibit G IndividualSpecial Courses Record

203 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

SCHEDULE OF TRAINING SS-Station School TRAINING DIVISION TC-TrainingCente=

COMPANY DATE TIME LOCATION SUBJECT

I02-I03A 9 Nov 0900 SS Portable Fire Extinguishers

402A 9 Nov 1330 SS 11 l! I!

302B 10 Nov 0900 SS I! t! IT

402B i0 Nov 1330 SS t! t! IT

201-202A 11 Nov 0900 SS IT |! !!

101A 11 Nov 1330 TC Hose Lays

102A I1 Nov 1500 TC !! !!

102-I03B 12 Nov 0900 SS Portable Fire Extinguishers

201-202B 12 Nov 1330 SS t! By t!

202A 13 Nov 0900 TC LPO T201, Ground Ladders

302A 13 Nov 1330 SS Portable Fire Extinguishers

REMAR KS

I) LPO - Ladder Pipe Operations 2~ Work clothes should be worn for Glasse=

at the Training Center. 3~ All personnel scheduled for Ground Ladders should

review pages TM-4 through 134-17 in the Training Manual.

The above schedule is subject to change by the Fire Chief.

DATE TRAINING OFFICER

Exhibit H Periodic (Weekly) Schedule of Training

204 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

QUARTERLY TRAINING SCHEDULE For fire companies to report to the training center during the first quarter of 19_

DATE TIME COMPANY SUBJECT DATE TIME COMPANY SUBJECT Jan. 7 AM El,L2 At3on Detection Feb. 18 AM E2,E7 Power Tools PM E3,F5 Anon Detection PM E3,SI Power Tools Jan. 8 AM El,L2 Arson Detection Feb. 19 AM E2,W/ Powa Tools PM E3J~5 Anon Detection PM E3 ~i Power Tools Jan. 9 AM El.L2 Arson Detection Feb. 20 AM ES,LI Power Tooh PM F.3J.5 Anon Detection PM E6,L2 Power Tools Jan. I0 AM E2,SI Anon Detection Feb. 21 AM ES,LI Power Tools PM FA,L1 Anon Detection PM E6,L2 Power Tools Jan. 11 AM E2,SI Arson Detection Feb. 22 AM F_$,LI Power Tools PM FA,LI Anon Detection PM E6,L2 Power Tools Jan. 14 AM E2,SI Anon Detection Feb. 25 AM EI,E2 Ground Ladder PM FA,LI Arson Detection PM E3,LI Ground Ladder Jan. 15 AM E6,E7 Axson Detection Feb. 26 AM FA,E6 Ground Ladder PM El ,E3 Salvage PM ET~I C,mund Ladd= Jan. 16 AM E6,E7 Arson Detection Feb. 27 AM EI,SI Ground Ladder PM E1 ,E3 Salvage PM FA,E2 Ground Ladder Jan. 17 AM E6,E7 Arson Detection Feb. 28 AM EI,SI Ground Ladder PM E1 ,E3 Salvage PM FA,E2 Ground Ladd~ Jan. 18 AM E2,LI Salvage Mar. 1 AM EI,SI Ground Ladder FM FA,L2 Salvage I'M FA,E2 Ground Ladder Jan. 21 AM E2,LI Salvalge Mar. 4 AM E4,E6 Ggound Ladd= PM E4 ,L2 Salvage FM ET.SI Ground Ladder Jan. 22 AM E2.LI Salvage Mat. 5 AM FA.E6 (kound Laddeg PM E4,L2 Salvage PM ET,SI Ground Ladd= Jan. 23 AM F..5,E7 Salvage Mat. 6 AM HOSE TESTS PM E6,SI Salvage PM PLATOON "A" Jan. 24 AM ES,E7 Salvage Mar. 7 AM HOSE TESTS NOTE "A" PM E6,S1 Salvage PM PLATOON"B" Jan. 25 AM F.5,E7 Salvage Max. 8 AM HOSE TESTS PM E6,SI Salvage PM PLATOON"C" Jan. 28 AM EI,Sl Sprioklers Mar. l I AM ES,L2 TUrrets and Ladder PM EA,E2 Sprinkle~ PM E2,F~ Pipes (NOTE "B") Jan. 29 AM E3,L2 Swinide~ Max. 12 AM ES,L2 Tuxrets and Ladder PM ET,LI Sprinklers PM E2,E6 Pipes (NOTE "B") Jan. 30 AM E3,L2 Sprinkless Max. 13 AM ES,L2 Turrets and Ladder PM ET,LI Sprinklers PM E2,F.~ Pipes (NOTE "B") Jan. 31 AM E3,L2 Sprinklers Mar. 14 AM ET,L2 TtuTets and Ladder PM ET,LI Sprinklers PM E1,F.$ Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. I AM E3,L2 Sprinklers Mar. 15 AM ET,L2 Turrets and Ladder PM ET,LI Sprinkie~ PM El.E5 Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. 4 AM E3,L2 Slx'inlders Mar. 18 AM ET,L2 Turrets and Ladder PM ET,LI Sprinlden PM El,E5 Pipm (NOTE "B") Feb. 5 AM E3.L2 Sprinklers Mar. 19 AM ET,L2 Tuners and Ladder PM E7,L I Swinkiet~ PM El,E5 Pipes.(NOTE "B") Feb. 6 AM E3,L2 Sprinklers Mar. 20 AM ET,L2 Turrets and Ladder PM ET,LI Sprinklers PM El,E5 Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. 7 AM ES,E6 Sprinklers Mar. 21 AM E7,L2 Turrets and Ladder PM E1 ,FA Sprinklers PM El,E5 Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. 8 AM El,E4 Power Tools Max. 22 AM E7,L2 Tin'ret¢ and Ladder PM EI,FA Power Tools PM El ,E5 Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. 11 AM ES,E6 Sprinklers Mer. 25 AM ET,L2 Tuggers and Ladder PM El.E4 Pow~ Tools PM El,E5 Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. 12 AM E6,E7 Power Tools Mar. 26 AM E4.E3 Turrets and Ladder PM El,E4 Power Tools PM S1.LI Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. 13 AM E2,E7 Power TOOls Mar. 27 AM E7,L2 Turrets and Ladder PM E3,SI Power Tools PM El ,E5 Pipes (NOTE "B") Feb. 14 AM E2.E7 Power Tools Mar. 28 AM EA.E3 Tttrrets and Ladder PM E3.SI Power Tooh PM SI,LI ~ (NOTE "B") Feb. 15 AM E2,E7 Power Tools Mar. 29 AM E4,E3 Turrets and Ladder PM E3,SI Power TOOls PM SI.LI Pipes (NOTE "B")

NOTE "A" - At company quarters. NOTE "8"" --Drills to be held at Memorial Park.

Chief Training Officer Approved Chief of Fire Department

Exhibit I Periodic (Quarterly) Schedule of Training

205 NFPA 1401 -- F95 ROP

CITY OF NAPA FIRE DEPARTMENT Code No. OIVISION OF TRAINING DRILL REPORT

SHIFT STATION NO,____ DATE ,19__

TIHE 14. to 14. TOTAL TI14E DRILLEO~ Hrs. __14in.

Ti'e DF.,SCRIPTIH OF DRILL Hours 14in.

HAliES OF HEH DRILLED

REHARKS OR SU66ESTIONS

EOUIPHENT USED Feet of Feet of Feet of Feet of Feet of Number of Qailons of Booster Hose I t" aQse 2i" Hose Other Hose Ladders Selvage Covers Water

.... ~o..°.oo..oo....o...oo..o.~o.o.o.~..oo..~ooo~o.o.°.., f-..~.~o~o~o~ Sifnature of Re~orfinf Officer

ExhibitJ Division of Training Drill Report

2O6 NFPA 1401 ~ F95 ROP

WAUKEGAN FIRE DEPARTMENT

STANDARD ENGINE AND TRUCK COMPANY EVOLUTIONS

DATE: TIME OF DAY DUTY SHIFT

ENGINE CO.# EVOLUTION • TIME STANDARD

TRUCK CO.# EVOLUTION • ACTUAL TIME

CREW: OFFICER

PUMP OPERATOR

FIRE FIGHTER

1. WAS THE EVOLUTION CONDUCTED IN A SAFE MANNER? YES NO

. WAS THE EVOLUTION COMPLETED WITHIN THE REQUIRED TIME? YES NO

. WERE NOZZLE PRESSURES CORRECT? YES NO

4. WERE STREAMS, ONCE STARTED, OPERATED WITHOUT INTERRUPTION? YES NO

LIST AREAS OF DIFFICULTY OR WHERE IMPROVEMENT tS NEEDED:

ADDITIONAL REMARKS

EVALUATOR'S SIGNATURE

Exhibit K Group Evaluation Record

207 NFPA 1404 ~ F95 ROP

P~TH 1-2" Purpose." The purpose of this standard is to specify the minimum requirements of a respiratory protection program for a ( Log #1 ) ~, c dCr~ ;~.~CL~td emergency resoonse Ol~anization. This includes 1404- 1 - (A-7-2.7): Reject safety procedures for tffose involved in fire suppression, rescue, SUBMITTER: William E. McBride, Breathing Air Digest tr-~'fiTrg7, and related activities in a toxic or contaminated environ- RECOMMENDATION: None. SUBSTANTIATION: We have a severe concern with NFPA 1404, ment. d1989), appendix A-7-2.7. This brief statement has to do with a egree of 15rotection being provided during the refilling process of 1-2.1 Many of the performance objectives of this standard can be an SCBA 6ylinder. It read~:- "DURING REFILL OPERA~I~IONS, achieved in a variety of ways. The achievement of these objectives is OPERATOR PROTECTION SHOULD BE PROVIDED FROM intended to help prevent accidents, injuries, and exposure to FRAGMENTATION OF SCBA CYLINDERS." harmful environments. They can also help to develop an awareness The problem is that the 'Molence" resulting from the explosive of the critical importance of a respiratory protection program to the rupture of a typical SCBA cylinder is approximately equal to the health and welfare of personnel who are required to work in explosion of a-sfi ck of dynamite. hazardous atmospheres. At least eight different manufacturers are now selling products which are intended to lessen this hazard, and have beefidoing so for 1-2.2 Not[aing herein is intended to restrict any authority having at least 15 years. However, with no standards reg'arding the - jurisdiction from exceeding these minimum requirements. construction or effectiveness of these devices, each manufacturer is left to desi~[n its various models per its own ideas of either; (a) what 1-3" Philosoohv. Use of self-contained breathing anoaratus (SCBA) will do the job, or, (b) what will sell best. While a few of these bv fire fighters [s always assumed to be in an atmosn'h-ere immedi- manufacturers have "tested" some of their own models, they were free to use whatever "test criteria" best assured a "successful" test. ately dar~gerous to life or health (IDLH~ because there is no way to Furthermore, various designs are offered which are intended to nredetermine what hazardous conditions, concentrations of to~c provide various levels of protection, for the operator, or for rnaterials, or vercentages of oxvcen in air exist in a fire environ- bystanders. Each manufacturer is left to make their own claims, and ment. during'overhaul" (salva~e~ot~erations. or under other to use whatever"language" works best to sell their products. Since emergency conditions invoivi-n~ shills or releases of chemicals or no agency has yet even proposed criteria for the various levels of other-toxic materials. Thus. S(~BA shall be reouired at ~ll times protection that are intended, our publication, in 1989, arbitrarily durina anv fire-fi~hting or overhaul onerations inside, and fie- established some "classifications" of protection provided. (class #1, quendv ot]tside. ~ structure. #2, #3, #4, etc., see enclosed). For lack of any tiber criteria, "our" classifications have been somewhat widely accepted in the industry, 1-4 Definitions. Unless expressly stated elsewhere, the following (at least by buyers...) terms shall, for the purposes of this standard, have the meanings We propose that the NFPA undertake a study of this matter, toward indicated below. the eventual establishment of some meaningful criteria. Note: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA ANSI. American National Standards [nstitute. headquarters. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reiect. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The proponent did not have a Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. ~lt ecific recommendation. ER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 Authority Having Jurisdiction.* The organization, office, or VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION: individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or a AFFIRMATIVE: 22 procedure. NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page Closed-Circuit SCBA, A recirculation-type SCBA in which the exhaled gas is rebreathed by the wearer after the carbon dioxide has been removed from the exhalation and the oxygen content within the system has been restored from sources such as compressed (Log #CP1) breathing gas, chemical oxygen, and liquid oxygen. 1404- 2 - (Entire Document): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training Compressed Breathing Gas. A mixture of oxygen or air stored in a RECOMMENDATION: The Committee on Fire Service Training compressed state and supplied to the user in gaseous form. • l~roposes a complete revision of NFPA 1404, Standard for a Fire Compressed breathing gas shall meet at least the requirements of Department Serf-Contained Breathing Apparatus Program. SUBSTANTIATION: The Committeb h~completely updated the specification for Type I, Grade D breathing air, and liquid air NFPA 1404 to make the document more user friendly. shall meet at least the'requirements for Type II, Grade B breathing COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. air as described in ANSI~86/CC, A GT.1, CommodiOSpecification for NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 Air. VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 22 Conf'med Space. A soace that is large enough and so confkrured NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page that a nerson can bo~ly enter and vefform ~t~si~ned work; 1~m limited or restricted means for entr'v or exit (i.e.~ tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins. hoppers, vaults, pits): ~tnd is noi desi.maed for continuous Derson OCCUDanCV.

NFPA 1404 Contaminant. A harmful irritating, or nuisance material that is foreicn to the normal atmosDheref Standard for a Fire Department Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Program Controlled Breathing. The ability to maintain a breathing rate t[aal; is near normal for the activities being performed while we;~u-in~ an 1995 Edition SCBA.

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter Corrective Lens. A lens desicned to fit the snecifications of the designating a paragraph indicates explanatory material on that wearer's individual corrective~nrescriDfion. paragraph in Appendix A. Exhalation Valve. A device that allows exhaled air to ]cave a Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter faceDiece, and vrevents outside air from enterinq through the valve. 9 and Appendix G. Eveniece. A ¢as-tight. transoarent window(s~ or lens(es~ in a full Chapter 1 Introduction facet)iece through ~vhich th6 wearer can see.

1-1 Scope. This standard contains minimum requirements for a fire Facepiece. The component of a respirator that covers the wearer's service respiratory protection program. These requirements are nose, mouth, and eyes. It is designedto make a gastight or particle- applicable to organizations providing fire suppression, fire training, tight fit with the face and includes the headbands, exhalation valves, rescue and respiratory protection equipment traininl~, and other and other necessary components required to connect it to a emergency services including public, military, and private fire respirable gas source. departments and fire brigades.

208 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

Fire Apparatus. A fire department emergency vehicle used for fire Open-Circuit SCBA. An SCBA in which exhalation is vented to the suppression, rescue, or other specialized functions. atmosphere and not rebreathed. There are two types of open-circuit SCBA: lrlre Department. An organization providing rescue, fire suppression, andrelated services. For the nurposes of this standard, the (a) Demand Type (NegativePressure). An SCBA in which the term "fire department" sl~dl include any public, private, or military pressure inside the facepiece, in relation to the immediate environ- organization engaging in this type of activity. ment, is negative during any part of the inhalation or exhalation cycle when tested in accordance with 30 CFR, Part 11, Subpart H by Fire Service. Service alouns (career or volunteer~ that are NIOSH and using NIOSH test equipment. or~ranized and trained~for/he nrevention and control of loss of life an-d nronertv from any fire or ~lisaster. (b) PressureDemand Type (PositivePressure). An SCBA in which the pressure inside the facepiece, in relation to the immediate environ- Gas. An aeriform fluid that is [[~ the g'aseous state at ordinary ment, is positive during both inhalation and exhalation when tested tempera,l:ure and pressure. in accordance with 30 CFIL Part 11 Subpart H by NIOSH and using NIOSH test equipment. Hazardous Atmosphere..... Any atmosphere that is oxy.gen deficient or that contmns a toxic or disease-prnducmg contaminant. A OSHA. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. US. hazardous atmosphere might or might not be immediately danger- Department of Labor. ous to life and health. Overhaul. The final stages of fire control, following sunnression of "'Head Harness. A device for holding the faceniece securely in nlace the main body of fire. during which smoke conditio~ns a~n'dvisibility on the wearer's head. ~raduallv improve and Dockets of fire are sought out to comnlcte ~xtingu~hm~nt. the search for victims continues, and salvag~ Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLHL Posin~ an onerations can be carried out. In situations other than fireTthis is immediate fiazard~to life or nroducing immediate "irreverstble effects t~¢ gleanun stage following the elimination of the emergency phase on healt~ that can be debilitating. of the inciaent.~

Inhalation valve. A device that allows resnirable air or oxwen to Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere. Oxygen concentrations less than enter the faceoiece, and nrevents exhaled[ air or oxygen from leaving 19.5 percent. the fa¢¢piece/hrough the intake opening. Point of No Return. The point at which the remaining operation Irresoirable. Unfit for breathing. time of breathing apparatus equals the time necessary to return safely to a nonhazardous atmosphere. Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is po, i¢ive-Pressure Apparatus. An onen- or closed-circuit annaratus acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with in which the nressure inside the faceniece, in relation to tlae product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production immediate efivironment, is positive during both inhalation and of labeled equipment or materials and by whose labeling the exhalation. manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner. Pressure-Demand Anoaratus. See obsitive-nressure aonaratus.

Lens. See eveoiece. Oualitative SCBA Fittin~ Test. A fit test where tbe nerson wearing al~ SGBA is exposed to an irritant smoke, an odorous vanor, or od~er Listed.* Equipment or materials included in a list published by an suitable test agent. If the SCBA wearer is unable to detect oenetra- organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and tion of the test agent into the facepiece, the wearer has aclaieved a concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic satisfactorv fit. inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose listing states "either that the equipment or material meets appropri- Ouantitative SCBA Fittin~ Test. A fit test where a nerson wears an ate standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a S(~BA in a test atmosohere that contains a test ager~t in the form of specified manner. an aerosol, vanor, or was. Instrumentation that samnles the test atmosohere a~ad the ~tr inside the faceniece of the SCBA is used to Maintenance: Any work.,, program, or system for kee. ping the In¢~sure quantitatively the penetration'of the test agent into the authority hawngjurisdicnon's respiratory devices in a usable condition. Respiratory Hazard. Any exposure to products of combustion, Member. A person involved in performing the duties and responsi- superheated atmospheres, toxic gases, vapors, or dust, potentially bilities of a fire department, under the auspices of the organization. explosive or oxygen deficient atmospheres, or any condition that For the purposes of this standard, a fire department member can be creates a hazard to the respiratory system. a full-time or part-time employee, a paid or unpaid volunteer, can occupy any position or rank within the fire department, and might Respiratory Protection Equipment (RPE). Those devices that are or might not engage in emergency operations. designed to protect the respiratory system against exposure to gases, vapors or particulate. Examples are filter respirators, chemical MSHA. Mine Safetyand Health Administration of the U.S. cartridge or canister respirators, air-line respirators, powered air • Denartment of Labor. purifying respirators, and self-contained breathing apparatus.

NIOSH. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of Respiratory Protection Program. A systenhatic and comprehensive the U.S. Deoartment of Health and Human Services. program of training, use, and maintenance of respiratory protection devices and related equipment. NIOSH/MSHA Approved. Tested and certifiedjoindy by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of SCBA. See Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus. the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) of the U.S. Department Sanitization. The removal of dirt and the inhibiting of the action of of Labor, in accordance with the requirements of Title 30, Code of agents that cause infection or disease. v FederaIRegulations ((~q~), Part 11, Subpart H. Approval bythe Bureau of Mines of the U.S. Department of Interior shall not fall Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA). A respirator worn by under the definition of apprnved. For the approval to remain in •the user that supplies a respirable atmos,phere, that is either carried effect, the SGBA must be used and maintained in the approved m or generated by the apparatus, and is independent of the ambient condition. environment.

Newative-Pressure Annaratus. An onen- or closed-circuit annaratus Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement. in which the nressure inside the faceniece, in relation to the" immediate er~virnnment, is nositive during exhalation and ne~'ative Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but during inhalation. ~ not required.

209 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

Smoke. The products ofincomolete combustion or organic Chapter 2 Provisions of SCBA substances in ihe form of solid and liquid particles and gaseous products in air. 2-1 Inventory and Allocation of SCBA. Sneakimr Diaoh~. A device integral with the faceoiece, desicrned 2-1.1" Sufficient SCBA shall be available at the-a~z~ ~ to to improve diiZect v~oice communicafi~on. provide one .unit for each member who mi~t be exposed to respiratory hazards. Standard Operating Procedures. Written instructions that document and define the manner in which activities shall be 2-1.2" Sufficient reserve SCBA shall be provided to maintain the conducted. required number in service when maintenance or repairs are being conducted. 1-5 Coordinated Administrative Policies. 2-1.3 An adequate reserve air supply Shall be provided by use of 1-5.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall adopt and maintain a reserve cylinders or by an on-scene refill capability, or both. respiratory protectionprogram that meets the requirements of Section 5-3 of NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational 2-1.4 When carried on apparatus, SCBAshall be secured in brackets Safety and Health Program. or carrying cases and shall be stored in a manner that will protect the regulator openings and facepiece from contamination by road 1-5.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall establish and enforce dirt, dust, or weather conditions. written standard operating procedures for the use of respiratory protection equipment. 2-1.5 All SCBA shall be stored in a ready-for-use condition, rotected from damage or exposure to rough handling, excessive 1-5.2.1" Utilization policies shall include: ~ eat or cold, moisture, or other elements.

(a) When respiratory protection equipment will be used; 2-2 NIOSH/MSHA Certification. (b) When to exit due to reduced air supply;, X-2.1* SCBA of the open-circuit design shall be positivepressure and shall meet the requirements of NFPA 1981, Standard on Open- (c) Procedures for insuring proper facepiece fit; Circuit Se~-Contained Breathlng Apparatus for FireFighters. Closed- circuit type SCBA shall be NIOSH/MSHA approved with a minimum (d) The cleaning of respiratory protection equipment compo- service duration of thirty (30) minutes and shall operate in the nents. positive pressure mode only. The use of rescueor "buddy" breathing devices shall be prohibited. 1-5.3 The authority havingjurisdiction shall provide respiratory protection equipment for each member at the scene of an incident 2-2.2 The authorityhavingjurisdiction shall maintain a complete who might be exposed to respiratory hazards. inventory record of all SCBA. Each SCBA and cylinder shall be individually identified by serial number or inventory number• I-5A The authority havingjurisdiction shall conduct an ongoing respiratoryprotection a-aining program that meets the requirements 2-2.3 An individual record of each SCBA regulator and harness of this standard. assembly shall be maintained. This record shall include inventory or serial numbers, date of purchase, date of manufacture, date placed 1-5.5 The respiratory protection training program shall be in service, location, maintenance and repairs, replacement parts, conducted according to wri~en standard operating procedures. upgrading, and test performance.

1-5.6 The authority having jurisdiction shall establish written 2-2.4 A record shall be maintained for each SCBA cylinder. This training polic!es for a respiratory protection program. record shall include inventory or serial number, the date of urchase, date of manufacture, date placed in service, location, 1-5.6.1" Training policies shall include, but not be limited to: ~ ydrostatic test pressure and dates, and inspection and repairs. Hydrostatic test dates shall be placed on each cylinder according to (a) Identifying the various types of respiratory protection the manufacturer's instructions and applicable government equipment; agencies. (b) Responsibilities of personnel to obtain and maintain proper 2-2.5 A record shall be maintained for each SCBA facepiece. This facepiece fit; record shall include inventory or serial numbers, date of purchase, location, maintenance and repairs, replacement parts, upgrading, (c) Responsibilities of personnel for proper cleaning and and test performance. maintenance; 2-3 Acceptance Testing Program. (d)* Identifying the factors that will affect the duration of air supply;, 2-3.1 Respiratory protection equipment shall be selected according to the hazards a fire fighter might be exposed to and the operations (e)* Determining the point of no return for each fire fighter; expected to be performed.

(f) Responsibility of personnel for using respiratory protection 2-3.2* Prior to being placed in service, all SCBA that are acquired equipment in hazardous atmosphere. shall be inspected and tested by factory certified personnel. Documentation of testing shall be provided to the fire department 1-5.7 The authority having jurisdiction shall establish written and included with the records specified in 2-2.3. standard operating procedures for inspection, maintenance, repair, and testing of respiratory protection equipment in accordance with (a) All major components shall be inspected for compatibility, NFPA 1500, Standard on FireDepartment Occupational Safe~3 and Health completeness of assembly, and signs of damage. Progra~,~.'~':~I Z~.%5 1~1, and the manufacturer's recommendations. (b) All components shall be tested for proper function and performance. This shall include manipulation of all adjustable 1-5.8 The SCBA shall be cleaned and sanitized after each use. in slides, buckles, control valves, levers, etc. Further, the facepiece, accordance with the standard ooeratin~ orocedures of the authority regulator mechanism, alarm, and cylinder valve shall be tested on havin~ iurisdiction, except when imnra~zticable under tactical manufacturer's test equipment for compliance with specifications. condi~fi-ons.

1-5.9 All SGBA shall be inspected, maintained, and tested in accordance with the standard operating procedures of the authority havingjurisdiction...... ~ ia c...~..,~..~ ..zh the. ~ ;~. c,..c.Ao .~. i'.,, .; 1 ~v

210 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

4-2.3* The facepiece seal capability of each member qualified to use an SCBA shall be verified by qualitative fit testing.~n an annual basis s,nmdm~. and any time that new types of SCBA are issued. Each new member shall be tested before being permitted to use an SCBA in a hazard- Chapter 3 Emergency Scene Use ous amaosphere. Only members with a properly fitting facepiece shall be permitted by the fire department to function in a hazardous 3-1 Criteria for Use. atmosphere with an SCBA.

3-1.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall require respiratory 4-2.3.1" Oualitative Tests. Personnel shall not be assimaed fire- protection to be used by all personnel who might be exposed to fighting duties reouiring the use of an SCBA unless it laas been respiratory hazards in the performance of their duties. demonstrated thr()ugh the foregoing fitting test methods that they can achieve a satisfactorv faceniece-to-faceseal with cacti tvoe of 3-1.2* Respiratory protection shall be used by all personnel who are faceniece they might bereoui'red to wear. These tests shall'be made exposed to respiratory hazards or who might be exposed to such at least annually. "~'urtherm'ore. each fire fighter shall satisfactorily hazards without warning. Personnel who are operating in areas that oass the newative-nressure test each time a negative-oressure SCBA is might be subject to the hazards with sufficient warning to don ~onned for~entrv~nto a hazardous almosnher~e. respiratory protection equipment, shall have respiratory protection equipment readily available for use. 4-2.3.2* SCBA Faceoiece Fittin~ Test Records. Records of SCBA fitting tests shall include at least'the following information: 3-1.3* Respiratory protection equipment shall be used by all personnel operating., in confined.spaces, below ground level, or (• Name of the individual tested; where the possibility of a contaminated or oxygen deficient atmosphere exists until, or unless, it can be established by monitor- (b) Tvoe of fitting test oerformed: ing and continuous sampling that the atmosphere is not contaminated or oxygen deficient. (c~ Snecific make and model of facenieces tested:

3-1.4 When used, respiratory protection equil~ment shall be (d) Results of the tests: properly worn according to the manufacturer s requirements. 1. satisfactory. 3-1.5" Personnel shall be monitored for indications of fatigue or other factors that can result in u.nsafe conditions. ~. unsatisfactory.

3-1.6 Members using an SCBA shall operate in teams of twO or more . For departments thal; perform quantitative fitting tests, the who are in communication with each other through visual, audible, nrotection factor nroduced shall he at least 1.000 for ne~ative- physical, safety guide rope, electronic, or other means to coordinate i~ressure SGBA (facepiece leakage shall be 0.I oercent oenetration their activities, and who are in close proximity to each other to o_r_lmL. provide assistance in case of an emergency. 4-2.4 Beards or facial hair that interfere with the facepiece seal shall 3-1.7" When members are involved in operations that require the be prohibited for personnel required to use res;pliratory protection use of an SCBA or other respiratory protective equipment, at least equipment. If eyeglasses are worn, the person shall use frames that one member shall be assigned to remain outside the area where do not pass through the seal area of the facepiece. respiratory protection is required. This member shall be responsible for maintaining a constant awareness of the number and identity of 4-2.5 , Personnel required to wear respiratory protection equipment personnel using an SCBA, their location and function, and time of in conjunction with specialized protection equipment, i.e., proximity entry. Members with an SCBAshall be available for rescue. suits or totally encapsulated suits, shall be evaluated for physical and emotional stresses associated with these specialized applications. 3-|.8 Unapproved devigcs, or approved devices that have been so modified as to void their annroval, shall not be used. 4-2.6 The authorityhavingjurisdiction shall be responsible for establishing a program that provides personnel with training in the proper andsafe use and limitations of respiratory protection Chapter 4 SCBA Training equipment and related equipment; on the policies and procedures related to the authority havingjurisdiction's respiratory protection 4-1 Recruit Training Program. program; and in those areas outlined by this standard.

4-1.1" All training related to the use, maintenance, and care of The program shall also provide a means of evaluating fire fighter respiratory protection equipment shall be provided by instructors performance in the use of respiratory protection equipment, and meeting the objectives of Level I of NFPA 1041, Standard for Fire their knowledge of the respiratory equipment used. Respiratory Service Instructor Professional Qualifications, or instructors that have protection training shall be conducted as an ongoing training been trained and certified bv an SCBA manufacturer or authorized program. ~iimi_b_u_~ 4-2.7 All members who are permitted to use an SCBAshall, at least 4-1.2" Records shall be maintained of all respiratory protection annually, successfully demonstrate their ability to meet the perfor- training including training of lc/ersonnel involved in maintenance of mance standards set by the authority having jurisdiction. such equipment. 4-2.8 All fire fighters shall meet the training and performance 4-1.3" Minimum performance standards shall be established by the requirements of this standard prior to actual emergency operations authority having jurisdiction for donning respiratory protection during which they might be expected to wear respiratory protection equipment. equipment.

4-2 Annual Personnel Certification~ 4-3 SCBA Safety.

4-2.1 Prior to initial training, personnel shall be examined and 4-3.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall provide members with certified by a physician as being medically and physically fit in the most current information available concerning the safe accordance with Chapter 2 of NFPA 1001, Standard for FireFighter operation of their respiratory protection equipment. Professional Qualifications. 4-3.2 Standard operating procedures shall be written concerning 4-2.1.1" If the physician certifying personnel for respiratory the safe operation of respiratory protection equipment during protection equipment use is other than the fire department training and while in use on the emergency scene. physician, the examination report shall be subject to the approval of the fire department physician. 4-3.3 The SCBA training program shall provide personnel with training in the safe operation of an SCBA, uses and limitations of 4-2.2 All personnel who might be required to use respiratory SCBA equipment, and the individual limitations of personnel who protection equipment shallbe medically certified by a physician on might be required to use an SCBA. an annual basis in accordance with 8-1,3 of NFPA 1500, Standard on FireDepartment Occupational Safety and Health Program.

211 NFP.A 1404 m F95 ROP

4-3.4 Personnel shall successfully demonstrate their knowledge of (e) Identify the shinning labels of hazardous materials. safety procedures a~d practices through an evaluation process that is established by the authority having jurisdiction. 4-8,1" Fire Deoartment oersonnel shall be trained to handle the fqllowing problems that ~n be encountered during the use of an 4-3.5 Instruction on the common reasons for the breakdown of SCBA: safetv nrocedures or eouinment that might cause injuries shall inchi~e the followin~ sub|ects: (a) low temneratures:

{a) Abuse and misuse of equipment. (b) high temneratures: (b) Phvsiolo~cal and psycholo~cal factors (see Appendix E). (c) rapidly-chan~ng temperatures: (d) communication: (c) Unapproved equipment. • (¢) confined soaces: (d) Buddv breathin~ (see Anoendix FL (e) Information sunDlied to a~encies that collect accident information, when ava~ilable. (l~) faceoiece-to-face sealing nrocess: v ~ • v. 4-4 Ability to Act Properly in Emergencies. (h) absorntion through or irritation of the skin: . . v 4-4.1" The authority having jurisdiction shall provide a means for (i~ effects of ionizin~ radiation on the skin and whole body: evaluating their personnel in the use and operation of an SCBA under simulated emergency incidents. (j) punctured or ruptured ear drums: 4-4.2 Periodic evaluations shall be held to determine the proficiency (k) use around water: level of personnel while using an SCBA under simulated emergency incident conditions. These simulated emergency incident condi- (]) overhaul. tions shall be as realistic as possible while maintaining a safe level of protection for the wearer. 4-9 Understanding the Components of an SCBA. The authority havingjurisdiction's training program shall evaluate the ability of 4-4.3 Fire fighters shall successfully demonstrate their ability to personnel to: operate under simulated emergency incident conditions. (a) Identify the components offacepieces, regulators, harnesses, 4-5 Requirements for the Progression of Training. Recruit training and cylinders used by the authority having jurisdiction; shall include the identification of SCBA components, terminology, and equipment specifications through: (b) Demonstrate the operation of the SCBA used by the authority having jurisdiction; (a) Operation of SCBA and related equipment; (c) Describe the operation of the SCBA fised by the authority (b) Inspection and maintenance of equipment; having jurisdiction; (c) Donning methods employed by the authority having jurisdic- (d)* Describe the potential incompatibility of different makes and tion; models of SCBA.

(d) Perform related emergency scene activities, such as advance 4-10 Understanding the Safety Features and Limitations of an hose lines, climb ladders, crawl through windows and confined SCBA. The training program of the authority havingjurisdiction spaces, perform rescues, etc., while wearing an SCBA; shall evaluate the ability of personnel to: (e) Comprehension of organizational policies and procedures (a)* Describe the operational principles of warning devices concerning safety, emergency operations, use, inspection, and required on an SCBA; maintenance; (b) Identify the limitadons of the SCBA used by the authority (f) Performactivities under simulated emergency conditions; having jurisdiction; (g) Successfully meeting all performance standards of the (c)* Describe the limitations of the SCBA's ability to protect the authority having jurisdiction. body from absorption of toxins through the skin; 4-6 Evaluation of SCBA Training. All personnel who might be (d) Describe the procedures to be utilized if unintentionally required to wear an SCBA shall be periodically evaluated on submerged in water while wearing an SCBA; knowledge of SCBA equipment operation, safety, organizational policies and procedures, and facepiece seal. Th~s evaluation shall (e) Demonstrate the alternative means of communications when occur no less than annually. wearing an SCBA.

4-7* Required Training. This section sets forth, in a sequential 4-11 Donning and Doffing SCBA. The training program of the format, a logical progression towards achieving training goals, first authority having.jurisdiction shall evaluate the ability of personnel by requiring minimum policies to be established by the authority to: having jurisdiction; next by requiring a theoretical understanding of SCBA; and concluding with the development of practical skills. (a) Demonstrate the proper techniques for donning and doffing all types of SCBA used by the authority havingjurisdiction while 4-8 Recognizing Hazards that Could Be Encountered. The authority wearing the full protective clothing used by the authority having havingjurisdiction's training program shall evaluate the ability of jurisdiction; personnel to: (b) Demonstrate that a proper face-to-facepiece seal has been (a) Identify hazardous environments that might require the use of achieved. respiratory protection; 4-12 Practical Application in SCBA Training. (b) Identify the primary gases produced by combustion; 4-12.1 The authority havingjurisdiction's training program shall (c) Identify the primary characteristics of gases that might be evaluate the ability of personnel to: present or generated by processes other than combustion; (a) Demonstrate knowledge of the components of respiratory (d)* Identify any toxic gases that might be unique to their protection; jurisdiction resulting from manufacturing or industrial processes.

212 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

(b)* Demonstrate in conditions of obscured visibility the use of all (a) Disassembling of the SCBA into major components; types of SCBA utilized by the authority having jurisdiction; (b) Flow testing the regulator; (c) Demonstrate the emergency operations that would be required when an SCBA fails; (c) Disassembling and cleaning of the regulator; (d)* Demonstrate emergency techniques using an SGBA to assist (d) Replacement of worn parts, or those suggested by the other fire fighters, conserve air, and show restrictions in use of manufacturer, in the regulator assemblies; bypass valves; (e) Disassembling of the low-air alarm, cleaning, and replacement (e) Demonstrate the use of an SCBA in limited or confined spaces. of necessary components;

4-12.2" Training shall be conducted under simulated stressful (f) Cleaning and replacement of needed components of the circumstances to promote immediate response to emergency facepiece andharness assembly, and replacement of components as operations. needed or scheduled; 4-12.3 Annual SCBA training shall be given to each person required (g) Reassembling of the entire SCBA and testing for proper to use breathing apparatus. This shall include reevaluation of the operation of all components; individual for acceptable facepiece seal. (h) Proper recording of all maintenance performed on forms 4-13 Training in the Maintenance and Testing of an SCBA. The provided, and return of the SCBA to service. authority havingjurisdiction's training program shall evaluate the ability of personnel to: ~-1,4" Cleaning and Sanit'ming Reqairemen ts.

(a) Demonstrate the proper procedure for conducting routine and 6-1.4.1 The authoritv having iurisdiction shall adont a cleaning and post-incident inspections of an SCBA; sanitizimt nrocedurel Each rr~ember shall be trained in this nrocedure[ (b) Demonstrate a thorough examination and test of the SCBA; 6-1.4.2 Fire fi~hters, or other designated and trained nersonnel. (c)* Demonstrate the proper procedure for reporting defective shall clean an~ sanitize each SCBb/after each use uoon their return SCBA. to the fire station. The entire device shall be cleaned, and the

faceDiece and breathingv tube shall be sanitized. 4-14" Trainingin the Storage of SCBA and Reserve SCBA Cylinders. The anthodtyhaving jurisdiction's training program shall evaluate 6-2* Preventative Maintenance Program. the'ability of personnel to demonstrate the proper storage of SCBA. This shall include, but not be limited to: 6-2.1 A preventative maintenance program shall be established by the authority havingjurisdiction for allSCBA provided in the (a) SCBA mounted on appa~tus; organization. (b) SCBA in carrying cases; 6-2.2 The established SCBA preventative maintenance program shall be conducted in order to prevent SCBA malfunction and (c)* Individually issued facepieces; failures of equipment during use. (d)* Reserve air cylinders. 6-2.3 The SCBA maintenance program shall be conducted by qualified fire department members or by another organization using personnel. Qualified personnel shall be trained and Chapter 5 SCBA Inservice Inspection certified by the manufacturer or by an authorized distributor. 5-1 Daily/Weekly Service Checks. 6-2.4 Organizations without an internal SCBA maintenance program shall be permitted to contract with an outside organization 5-1.1 Inspection, maintenance, and repair records shall be kept as to provide SCBA preventative maintenance services. requiredby Section 9-2 of this standard. ~3 C:I;~,I'~. T~:L, 5 ..... 5-1.2 When fire apparatus is in daily use, routine inspections shall be conducted of all respiratory protection equipment and reserve cylinders on the apparatus at least daily, fffire apparatus is not in daily use, routine inspections shall be conducted at least weekly. All inspections shall be in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer of the specifi c respiratory protection equipment. 5-1.3" Monthly inspection of respiratory protection equipment shall be conducted and shall include a check of the entire unit for deteriorated components, airtightness of cylinders and valves, gauge comparison, tseducing valve, and bypass valve operation, regulator, exhalation valve and low-air alarm. The SCBA shall be cleaned and ~1 tom~u~tl, returned to service. 5-1.4 Inspection of respiratory prote'ction equipment shall be conducted by the user before and after each use. Chapter 7 Breathing Air Program Chapter 6 SCBA Maintenance 7-1 Air Quality Control. 6-1 User Maintenance. 7-1.1" Air for SCBA taken from the regular production of a 6-1.1" All maintenance and repairs on an SCBA shall be conducted compressor and storage system shall meet the testing and quality in accordance with manufacturer's instructions by qualified requirements of ANSI/CGA G7.1 Commodity Specificationfor Air, with personnel. a minimum air quality of Grade D and a maximum dew point of - 65°F(-54°C). 6-1.2 Annual inspection and servicing of an SCBA shall be conducted by qualified personnel and at any time that an opera- 7-1.2" Air quality shall be tested at least every three (3) months by a tional problem is reported. qualified laboratory. Test samples shall be obtained from the regular production of the compressor and storage system. Immedi- 6-1.3 Annual inspection and servicing shall include at least the ate notification from the testing entity of air not meeting the following components and the manufacturer's recommendations: specifications of the authority having jurisdiction shall be required.

213 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

7-1.3 Records shall be maintained for each air quality test. If 8-1.3.1 The lfvels of resnonsibilitv for the SCBA program shall be required air quality is not being achieved, the use of the system shall established ~d maintained to er~ure that propei- a~gnments are be discontinued until repairs are made and verified by testing. made. and that all members of the nrocram know exactly what their dufi~ ~e. 7-1.4" Any air cylinders that were filled with air that is suspected of not meeting air quality standards shall be emptied and purged. 8-1.4 Any failures encountered in the respiratory protection program dealing with personnel, training, or equipment shall be 7-2 Recharging Air Cylinders. analyzed and appropriate corrective action taken to preclude the recurrence of additional failure of a similar or related nature. 7-2,1 The air cylinders ofail SCBA shall be maintained at not less than 90 percent of the rated pressure stamped on the cylinder. Cylinders having less than 90 percent of their rated pressure shall be Chapter 9 Referenced Publications segregated from full cylinders until they are refilled. 9-1 The following documents or portions thereof are referenced 7-2.2 SCBA cylinders shall be refilled only with approved breathing within this standard and shall be considered part of the require- quality air, as specified in Section 7-1 of this standard. ments of this document. The edition indicated for each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this 7-2.3 Written policies shall be established to ensure that air is document. obtained only from a source that meets the requirements of Section 7-1 of this standard. Refdling shall be conducted by qualified 9-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, personnel using proper equipment and procedures. 1 Battecymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02969-9101.

7-2.4 Air cylinders shall be filled only by personnel who havebeen NFPA 1O01, Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, 1992 trained on the proper procedures and equipment. edition.

7-2.5 The proper operating procedures and safety precautions shall NFPA 1041, Standard for Fire Service Instructor Professional Qualifica- be posted in a conspicuous location at the fill station. tions, 1992 edition.

7-2.6* Personnel assigned to operate fill station equipment shall NFPA 1500, Standard on FireDepartment Occupational Safety and visually inspect all cylinders before fillin[[. Cylinders that do not Health Program, 1992 edition. meet the manufacturer's requirements due to defects or damage, or that have not met hydrostatic test requirements, shall be left unfilled NFPA 1981, Standard on Open-Circuit Self-Contained Breathing and removed from service. Apparatus for FireFighters, 1992 edition. 7-2.7* All air cylinders shall be refilled according to the 9-1.2 Other Publications. manufacturer's instructions. 0-1.2.1 ~.'£I I',L"I:~,,~:,,... ,~ .... 1~, N~vL,,d St,~d~d~ i,~d~uz~, 7-2.8 When a breathing air compressor system, mobile or fixed, is used, it shall be located in an area where the air is flee from contamination.

7-2.9* The authority having jurisdiction shall have the ability to 9-1.2.1 CGAPubllcatlon. Compressed Gas Associadon, 1235 support emergency scene operations of extended duration by Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202. providing a reserve supply of air for an SCBA. ANSI/CGA G7.1, Commodity Spedfieationfor Air. 7-2.. 10 Mobile. breathin,g air compressor systems shall, be equipped. wth monitonng equipment to detect carbon monoxide contamina- 9-1.2.2 US Government Publication. US Government Printing tion and an automatic shut-down device that activates when the Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC 20402. contraction of carbon monoxide exceeds the limits of Grade D air, 20 ppm. Title 30 CFR Part 11.

7-2.11 All breathing air compressors shall have the air quality tested as required by 7-1.2 of this standard. Appendix A Explanatory Material

7-2.12 Equipment used to produce compressed air for SCBA shall This Appendix is not apart of the requirements o/this NFPA document but be inspectedand main t,~ined according to the manufacturer's is includedfor informational purposes one, instructions. A-l-2 Organizations who train with or use respiratory protection 7-2.13" All filters and other components of air purification systems equipment must recognize their responsibilityfor the safety and shall be inspected and changed according to the manufacturer's welfare of personnel. A part of this responsibility is the development instructions. and implementation of a comprehensive respiratory protection program. This standard will also assist an organization with the 7-2.14 A record shall be maintained for each air compressor, fill development of a respiratory protection program that meets the station, cascade cylinder, purification system, and related equipment requirements of OSHA Standards 29 CFR 1910.134 and 29 CFR used to produce and store air for SCBA. The record shall indicate 1910.156 and NFPA 1500, Standard on FireDepartment Occupational the date of purchase, location, inspection, maintenance, and testing Safety and Health Program. of the device. A-l-3 It shouldaiso be noted that. unlike industrial users of • resniratorv orotective devices who consider respirators as a second- Chapter 8 Program Evaluation arv~defer~e'a~ainst breathing hazards with en~ineerin~ controls as 8-1 Annual Review. the nrimarv means, the fire s'ervice depends o~1 SCBA ~s the first and onh7 means of resniratorv nrotection. " 8-1.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall annually review the organization's respiratory protection program for the purpose of A-I-4 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not determining the need to upgrade or change various aspects of the approve, inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, program. or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installations, procedures, equip- 8-1.2 An annual review of the respiratory protection program ment, or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base policies and procedures shall be conducted to ensure they are being acceptance on compliance with NYPA or other appropriate foilowed,.and to make necessary adjustments for the effective standards. In the absence of such standards, said authority may operation of the program. require evidence of proper installation, procedure, or use. The authority havingjurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling 8-1.$ Problem areas involvingpersormel, equipment, inspection, practices of an oration concerned with product evaluations that maintenance, and repair schedules or resources shall be addressed is in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards on a timely basis. for the current production of listed items.

214 NFPA 1404 F95 ROP

Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "authority having A-2-1.1 The additional SCBA can be provided on each apparatus or jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since by providing a vehicle with extra SCBA. j~ldSdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. erepublic safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may A-2-1.2 At least one additional reserve SCBA should be available at be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or fhdividual the scene of an incidentfor each ten (10) SCBA in use to provide such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, for emergency replacement if a failure occurs. labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance A-2-2.1 The use of long duration SCBA should be restricted to purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or operations in tunnels and underground structures, onboard ships, other insurance company representative may be the authority having and in other situations where the need for this capability is jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or demonstrated. her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having Jdurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or Several manufacturers of SCBA currently market "budd)P' or rescue eparunentai official may be the authority having jurisdiction. breathing devices as a component of their SGBA. The use of such a device voids the NIOSH Certification of the SCBA and cannot be Listed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for recommended at this time. each organization concerned with product evaluation, some of which do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health The authority having jurisdiction should utilize the system employed (N1OSH) has issued three bulletins concerning emergency escape by the listing organization to identify a listed product. breathing support systems and they are reprinted here for your information. A-1-5.2.1 Section 5-3.12 of NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program, provides specific information July 24, 1984 on when SCBA is to be used. LETTER TO INTERESTED PERSONS A-1-5.6.1 The role of any training program is to generate acceptance of operational evolutions for coordination and skill. It must be Subject: Approval of Self-contained Breathing Apparatus Equipped recognized that equally important is the formulation of mental with Emergency Escape Breathing Support System acceptance of proper procedures and the dispelling of false notions concerning the use and application of respiratory protection In accordance with the requirements of Title 30, Code of Federal equipment. The state of the art in today's fire-fighting environment Regulations, Part 11, (30 CFR 11), the Mine Safety and Health requires a commitment by each authority having jurisdiction to Administration (MSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational insure maximum acceptance in the use of respiratory protection Safety and Health (NIOSH) presently test and approve open-circuit equipmenL serf-contained breathing apparatus. These apparatus are used regularly by the fire services for respiratory protection during fire A-l-5.6.1(d) Personnel should be instructed in the variables fighting and other associated rescue activities. Although the affecting duration of available air supply. Such factors asphysicai apparatus is designed principally for use by and protection of a conditioning, physical exertion, emotional stability, etc., all bear on single individual at one time, it has been recognized that the the duration of air supply. apparatus is being used to protect two persons simultaneously, either by sharing of the facepiece, or by adaptation of the apparatus to A-l-5.6.1(e) Individuals should be thoroughly familiar with the accept a second facepiece. The latter practice is permitted under "point of~no return" theory to prevent entrance into hazardous areas the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard (29 CFR 1910.156). beyond safe margins. The time that is required for entry, work, and exit from a hostile environment must be considered for each fire MSHA and NIOSH have been asked by several interested persons to fighter, since it varies among individuals. The factors that help develop new performance requirements which would be applied to determine thispoint are: entry point, physical condition, size of the combination serf-contained breathing apparatus and emergency individual, workbeing performed, environment where the work is escape breathing support systems (EEBSS). These requirements being performed, amount of air available, when entering environ- would be in addition to the present requirements of Part 11. These ment, other stresses (people trapped, difficult access, outside new requirements would be distributed to respirator manufacturers temperatures), type of protective clothing used, and training. as prescribed in Section 11.63(c) of Part 11. This procedure, which has been used before by MSHA and NIOSH, would permit such Even though these factors can change dramatically at the emer- manufacturers to apply for approval of combination self-contained gency scene, it is important that each fire fighter be provided an breathing apparatus and EEBSS which meet the new performance opportunity to help determine his or her individual point of no requirements pursuant to MSHA and NIOSH authority within 30 return. CFR 11.63(c) m addition to the present applicable requirements of Part 11. MSHA and NIOSH would issue approvals which indicated To help determine their points of no return, fire fighters need to that the device had also passed special test requirements in addition be subjected to a variety of activities where they are allowed to to the requirements of 30 CFR 11 Subpart H, following successful consume all the air from their cylinders. When determining point conclusion of testing and quality control review. of no return it is important that the process be cumulative, beginning with the basic skills and progressing to levels of more MSHA and NIOSH are requesting that you consider the potential difficult, stressful tasks utilizing SGBA~ approval of combination self-contained breathing apparatus and EEBSS and that you provide NIOSH with your comments on the The activity of determining an individual's point of no return is practicability, safety, and need for such a device, recommendations important for fire fighters. Although the following activities can be you may have for performance criteria for such devices, and used for air consumption measurement, they can only approximate suggestions which MSHA and NIOSH might apply to limitations on the point of no return. The following will help determine the and conditions for safe use of such devices. consumption demands of air for an individual: maze work, obstacle course that includes fire-fighting task, smoke building work, and Signed: combined activities. John B. Moran, Director It is important to determine two (2) points of air consumption Division of Safety Research relevant to the point of no return: the point from the start of the operation until the warning alarm operates, and the time it takes to consume the remainder of the air available. These two (2) points can help determine the individual's point of no return.

~15 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

November 6, 1984

NOTICE TO ALL RESPIRATOR MANUFACTURERS WITH MSHA/NIOSH-APPROVED RESPIRATORS Piano Fire Department SCBA Periodic Maintenance and Testing Record Until NIOSH establishes a formal position based upon our review of the information submitted pursuant to the NIOSH memorandum to Concerned Individuals dated July 24, 1984, rifled; "Emergency Inventory No. Date of Inspection Escape Breathing Support System" the following policy remains in effect: O.K. Needs Servicing The use of any component connected, interfaced, or assembled in Cylinder Check [] [] combination with MSHA/NIOSH certified self-contained breafhing Regulator Function [] [] apparatus (SCJ3A) for use as an emergency escape support breathing Diaphragm Function [] [] system or "Buddy Breather" to allow more than one individual access to the apparatus' life support system(s) either directly or indirectly, Harness Assembly [] [] automatically voids the applicable certification during its use. Such Facepiece and Tube [] [] invalidation continues in effect until the SCBA is returned to the P.A.S.S. Device [] [] certified status through required maintenance, test checkout, and reassembly as prescribed by the manu~cturer's instruction manual and any other applicable user company policy/rules, legislative Next Inspection Due Date directives or enforceable regulations applicable to user health and safety. Maintenance and.Testing Completed by Respirator manufacturers must not state in advertising or instruc- tional literature that use of such components is approved by MSHA/ NIOSH. F'~mre A-2-2.3 Signed: A-2-2.4 A record or label should be maintained with each SCBA John B. Moran, Director cylinder noting the most recent date of maintenance and testing. It Division of Safety Research may be desirable to maintain a separate record of the maintenance and testing of cylinder valves. Refer to the cylinder manufacturer for jt/ly 23, 1985 the recommended method of marking the hydrostatic test date on the cylinder. LETTER TO INTERESTED PERSONS A-2-3.2 The inspection and testing of new SGBA is normally Subject: Seif-contained Breathing Apparatus Equipped with performed at the factory. When used SGBA are acquired, it will be Emergency Escape Breathing Support System necessary for the fire department to ensure that the equipment is inspected and tested prior to being placed in service. On July 24, 1984, the National Insritute fo r Occupational Safety and Health sent a letter to interested persons, requesting that they A-3-1.2 This section requires respiratory protection equipment to be consider the potential approval of combination self-contained used by all personnel who are actually or potentially exposed to any breathing apparatus (SCBA) and emergency escape breathing respiratoryhazards. This includes overhaul situations, un/ess it can support systems (EEBSS). Also, it was requested that they provide be determined that the area has been adequately ventilated to NIOSH with comments on the practicability, safety, and need for eliminate respiratory hazards. recommendations for performance criteria for, limitation on, and conditions for safe use of such devices. A-3-1.3 One of the contaminants that can be readily measured is carbon monoxide. Respiratory protection equipment should not be NIOSH has received several written replies to and verbal comments removed when tests reveal a concentration greater than 50-ppm on the subject. It appears, from our evaluation of those replies and carbon monoxide or when other toxic contaminants are known or comments, that there is, at present, insufficient information on suspected to be present. which to base certification of safe and practicable combination SCBA and EEBSS. In addition, there is concern over the legal and A-3-1.5 The additional weight of the SCBA could reduce work moral considerations of use of such devices, which NIOSH is unable performance, increasing fatigue factors and the susceptibility to to address at this time. injury. The SGBA also changes the center of gravity of the individual, making loss of balance a possibility. These factors are NIOSH understands that Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory reduced through training and familiarization with the SCBA, and (LLNL) is proposing to study the design and use of combination when members pardcipate in regular physical fitness programs. The SGBA and EEBSS. NIOSH proposed to work with LLNL and with application of the SCBA in evolutions involving c6mplete encapsula- fire 'service and other organizations in an effort to resolve the tion such as with chemical suits, proximity suits, and other hazardous present concerns and needs. materials protective clothing, warrant special consideration, as these suits are designed specifically to create an artificially protected At present, NIOSH will take no action on certification of combina- environment exclusive of outside contaminants. Operating in an tion SGBA and EEBSS. environment that is immediately dangerous to life and health presents a significant danger if the SCBA malfunctions. Strict Signed: monitoring of personnel and establishing of safety margins for operation and backup systems for rescue should be presented and John B. Moran, Director reinforced during training. Division of Safety Research A-$-1.7 During the initial stages of emergency scene operations, the A-2-2.3 A record or label should be maintained with each SGBA individual assigned to remain outside and to maintain an awareness regulator and harness assembly noting the date of the most recent of the personnel working inside with SCBA could also be responsible maintenance and testing and identifying the individual performing for functions such as operating pumps, preparing equipment, or the functions. It is desirable to indicate the next due date for commanding operations. The essential requirement, however, is to maintenance of the assembly. As an alternative, this information can have at least one member outside to maintain accountability and to be kept in a data file that is readily accessible according to the direct help, if needed. As operations progress, this responsibility identification number or label. should shift to individuals assigned to this specific function according to standard operating procedures. The members required to be available for rescue could also be assigned to other functions at the scene of the incident. These members must have SCBA and suitable rescue equipment and be available for reassign- ment to assist members in trouble. The requirement for additional

216 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP personnel to be available for rescue could be satisfied by additional (b) Isoamvl acetate (banana oil) vapor; companies or members who are responding to the scene and will arrive within the safe operating time of initial entry teams. (c) Other innocuous a~ents easilv detectable bv irritation or odor.

A-4-1.1 This section does not prohibit the use of manufacturers' The test is conducted usin~ an ooerating SCBA and not iust the representatives to provide training related to their products. faceoiece and breathing ho;e disc'onnected from the restof the svstdm. A suggested nrocedure for performing qualitative fitting A-4-1.2 A method of maintaining the information deemed appropri- tests is raven "f~ Annehdix D. ate by the authority having jurisdiction concerning respiratory protection training shouldbe developed. This may vary from entries During oualitative testing, the SCBA wearer will carrv out a series of in the station log to specialized individual, company, or departmen- exercises ~at simulate work movements. Each exerdse is carried tal records. See NFPA 1401, Recommended Practice for Fire Service out for at least one minute. The following series of exercises is Training Reports and Records. t~erformed when an SCBA faceDiece is bei'n~ tested:

A-4-1.3 The minimum level of performance recommended by this (a) normal breathing:v standard is for a fire fighter wearing full protective clothingto be capable of donning respiratory protection equipment andbe fully (b) deed breathing: operational within sixty (60) seconds. This timed performance should begin with the fire fighter standing in full protective clothing (c) turning head from side to side; and the respiratory protection equipment laying on the ground, and should stop when the fire fighter is properly attired in full, protective (d) noddinu head un and down: clothing and properly wearing fully operational respiratory protection equipment. The respiratory protection equipment (e) talking: cylinder valve should be in the closed position before starting the performance. It is understood that fire fighters normally do not don (1"5 frowning. SCBA by picking it up off the ground, however this procedure is used in this standard to set a consistent performance standard. It is A-4-2.3.2 A nrotection factor of at least 10.000 is recommended for recommended that additional performance standards be established oositive-nres~sure SGBA. The ouantitative test can be used to by each authority having jurisdiction based upon the manner in ~tetermine which facepieces fii an individual well. and thus aid in which they store or carry their SCBA. For example, if SCBA are selecting the faceniece that will best conserve the amount of air in carried on apparatus in cases, a performance standard should be the cvlir~der. established for the removal and donning of the SCBA from the G3~es. Ira satisfactory fit cannot be achieved with one make of faceniece on an individual, another make of device should be bought for that A-4-2.1.1 The attending physician should consult ,'2,~GI Z,%.,~ NFPA nerson or a negative-nressure unit should be converted ~) a nositive- 1500. Standard on Fire DeOartment Oecubational Safe¢~ and l'lcalth nressure SGBA. (Warning: If a faceniece from one ma,qu~'acturer is Pro_pr_p_mgt~for guidance. Personnel sho/Jld also be" e(raluated for used on a unit from anotfier manufacturer, the NIOSH/MSHA claustrophobic tendencies prior to acceptance into a respiratory anoroval will be voided.) protection equipment training program. Personnel displaying claustrophobic tendencies should be evaluated to determine their A-4-2.5 Significant increases in blood pressure and respiratory rates, ability to work under conditions requiring respiratory protection unusual signs of fatigue, and claustrophobic tendencies are factors equipment. Personnel deemed unable to work in conditions that might disqualify personnel from performing these activities. requiring respiratory protection equipment should be prohibited from participating in such activities. A-4-4.1 Although all aspects of the physical and emotional stresses an emergency scene creates cannot be fully duplicated during A-4-2.3 In those instances where personnel cannot meet the training exercises, many of these aspects can be simulated. facepiece seal requirement with equipment currently used by the authority having jurisdiction, individually fitted facepieces should be The more stresses that are duplicated, the more beneficial the provided. training will be. Further, the student's performance can be evaluated more accurately. These simulations should take into Because of the importance of a proper facepiece fit, it is desirable consideration varying situations during which the student might be to conduct facepiece fit testing for applicants prior to accepting required to wear an SCBA, such as when using a fully encapsulating them as members of the organization. suit.

The effectiveness of the faceniece seal of any ne~ative-nressure A-4-7 The first level of instruction would normally take place in a SGBA is determined by a neT,{tive-pressure fittin(test foilow¢~l by a classroom setting allowing the students to fully understand the SCBA oualitative irritant fume or odor fittin~ test. These tests are by actual "hands-on" training. This permits the instructor to use performed at least annuallv and at an'¢ time a fire fighter's facial various testing and evaluation methods to determine the student's characteristics change. The negative~i)ressure test is'also nerformed level of comprehension. Manipulative skills are best learned and and satisfactorily nassed each time the faceniece is donned for USe in retained by using the actual SGBA as soon as possible after the a hazardous atmosphere. classroom instruction.

An irritant fume or odor test is to be used to test th¢ sca~ of The second level SGBA training should allow the student to operate nositive-nressure SCBA. Positive-oressure SCBA are desimaed to have the equipment in performing various fireground tasks, so the an outwtard leakage of air ifa faceniece-to-face leak is ore'sent, thUS student becomes familiar with the unit and becomes confident with reducing the inw'ard leakage of contaminated air d-on1 outside the its use. This training should take place in a setting that can be safely faceniece. The lar~er the leak. the more air is lost through it, controlled by the instructor and relative to the tasks being per- denfetin~ the comoressed air cylinder's sunolv in a shorter time. Ifa formed. The use of an SCBA training maze is one alternative lar'~e leak exists, tile wearer ma~vactually overcome the nositiv¢ application for this level of training and builds confidence in the nre-ssure in the faceniece bv breathin~ deenlv and hulling in outside student. contarmnated mr. The third level of training should allow the student to operate with A-4-2.3.1 SCBA neTative-oressure fittinv tests are nerformed by the SGBA under simulatedemergency conditions. Up to this point, closin~ off the inlet oDenlng of the breathin~ tube with the Balm of the student should have demonstrated his or her ability to identify, the ha~ad, inhalin~ ge'nflv, alad hnldin~ the breath for ten se[;onds. ~o operate, and use the SGBA in performing various manipulative that the faceniece~collanses slightiv. I~the faceniece remains slightly fireground tasks. When the student has successfully demonstrated collansed ancl no minor leakage of air is detected, the tightness of " the ability to perform fireground tasks, he or she is ready to perform the facepiece is probably satisf~a¢~ory. these same tasks under simulated emergency conditions. The sludent should be allowed to demonstrate his or her ability to One of the following materials is used in qualitative irritant fume or perform under emergency conditions by operating under various odor fitting tests: simulated emergency conditions during this level of training. Such training can include conducting tasks while wearinghazardous (a) Stannic tetrachloride or titanium tetrachloride ventilation material suits, and other job-related tasks required by the authority smoke tube:

217 NFPA 1404 ~ F95 ROP

having jurisdiction. The facility or area for conducting this type of extremelv cold climatic conditions are encountered, but can also training should allow the instructor to maintain student safety, and occur even during warm weather when the devices are taken into the provide for the proper evaluation of the student's performance. extremely high te~mneratures encountered on the fireground. All fire fighters shall be'trained to know these limitations and corrective A-4-8(d) Management representatives from various companies in oroce~dures in the event such conditions occur. the response district, as well as information from prefire planning visits, will be helpful in identifying features unique to the jurisdic- (d) Communication. Voice communication while wearing a tion. resoirator is necessarv to perform sDecific tasks in fire-fight~'ng _ooerations. Although a r~soirator/Yaceoiece distorts the voice to A-4-8,1 Special Problems. some extent, the res'oirator~s exhalation valve usually orovides a oathwav for some sneech transmission over short distances in (a~ Low Temneratures. The major vroblems in the use of full relatively auiet areas. However, a mechanical soeech transmission faceDieces at low temDeratures are Do'or visibility and freezing of device called a sneaking diaphragm is an integral Dart of the exhalation valves. Alffull faceDieces are designed so that the~ faceDiece in sortie reso~'ratolZs. T~e sveaking ~[iaofiragm usually incoming fresh air sweeps over the inside of the lens to reduce consists of a resonant'cavitv and a diaDhragr'n that transmits the fog~ng.~Anti-fogging comDo_unds may be used to coat the inside of sound. The diaohra~rn also acts as a barrier to the ambient so~n~e lenses to prevent fogging in temneratures as low as 32°F (0°C). atmosDhere and thus'should be handled carefully to orevent BeLow 3~°F. a n'osecuD is usually needed to inhibit fogging of the possible puncture that would hermit leakage of an all: contaminant lens. Full facevieces ~re available with nosecuvs that~d]rect the into the faceDiece. warm. moist exhaled air through the exhalatidn valve without contacting the lens. Various methods of electronically transmitting and amnlifving sveech through the resvirator are available. These use a micro- At very low temperatures, the exhalation valve may collect moisture rhone conne~,ted to a speaker, teleDhone, or radio transmitter. and freeze in the" oven Position. allowing the wearer to I~reathe i3suallv the microphone is mounted inside the faceviece, while the contaminated air, dr in'the closed Dositicm. preventing normal amDlit~er, nower 6ack. and sneaker or transmitter a~e ~c;hed ~o exhalation. When SCBA are used fn low temperatur~ they should the'exterior of thh faceviece~ carried on the body. or remotely be used accordin~ to the manufacturer's instructions and under the located. When an electronic device for transmitting sneech is used, conditions for which they are avvroved bv NIOSH/MSI-IA, connecting cables from microphones can nass through the faceDiece.-Su ch devices shoulcl be used drily if the S~BA is MSHA/ High-nressure connections on SCBA can leak because of metal NIO'SH anDroved with the transmission eouioment installed, ff~¢ con~afition at low temoeratures. These connections should be cables are removed for any reason, they sl~ou'ld be replaced alld tightened enough to v~,event leakage, but not tightened too much resealed, or the resultant fiole in the fa~ceDiece shoul~t be ¢0r0plet¢ly since they can break when the temverature returns to normal, In sealed. Before the cables are removed, tl~e manufacturer should be temneratures below 32 o F. moisture" contained in breathing air can consulted to confirm that the eouinment will retain its MSHA/ conclense in the breathing circuits and freeze, renderin~ she device NIOSH anoroval with a resealed hc, le in the faceniece. The inonerable, ffwater snra~ng from the discharging fire i]nes comes connectifid cables and where they oass through the faceDiece. in contact with the re~ml:/to/-housin~ or valve a~sse~mbliesit can should hmTe Itas-tight seals and sl'/ohld be inst~led acc0r'ding to the freeze, forming an ice-coating that c~q render the device inooerable. SCBA manufacturer's instructions. A micronhone mounted'against This is esoecialVlv true if the ic'e coatinv covers the atmosDheri'c the SCBA wearer's throat or a microohone s'Deaker worn in th~ pressure borts on the regulator, thereby oreventing its v'roDer SCBA wearer's ear or helmet does ndt requffe penetration of the faceoiece by a cable: therefore, its use does not void ~¢ MSHA/ NIO'SH ant)royal status of the SCBA. Other vroblems that may occur in SCBA exvosed to below-freezing temDeratures for anv Dedod of time (i.e.. SC~A in storage), NOTE: When a walkie-talkie radio transmitter is used. speech depending on make and model could be: transmission is often distorted when the walkie-talkie mi~:ro- nhone is held near the exhalation salve. Holding the micro- (1) The emptying of the air cvlinder fi-om leakage at cylinder and bhone firmly against the faceDiece lens will usuaflv Dermit a valve connections: ~:learer transm~ssion without voice distortion occurfing from the oDeration of the exhalation valve. An even clearer transmission (2~ The shattering of the faceoiece lens if bumped or dropped: is'possible for walkie-talkies in a leather case if the oerforated leather over the microvhone is cut out and a thin laver of foam (3~ The ri~idltv and inflexibility of rubber varts (i.e.. the breathing rubber is cemented ardund the edge of the hole in/he leather. tube or faceDieceL affecting faceDiece fit and head movement: The hole over the micronhone caffthen be held securely against the faceviece lens for clearer voice transmission. (4) Any leaks around all connections: (el Conf'med S~aces. All confined sDaces should be considered ~9 (5) The ditficultv in ooerating control valves (i.e.. main. bypass be immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH~ unless nroven and cylinder): otherwise. Nofire f~hter should be nermitted to enter a c'onfmed soace for fire-fightin~ overations, induding emer~encv rescue (6) The Iow-vtessure alarm failing to onerate. onerations, witl~out wea¥in~ an SCBA. Cor~fined S'Daces indude, bu~; asZe not limited to. wells, ci~erns, holds of shins, tu-nnel~, ~lbWay All fire fighters should be trained to be aware of these limitations tunnels, basements, subbasements, vits. windowless buildings, and and know~aow to correct them. other such sDaces where oxwen det~dencv or hazardous airborne materials, o/both, can be o'resent. Users of SCBA entering such Ib~ High Temaeratures. A fire fighter in areas of high ambient or spaces should work in tearns of two or more and should m~ntaln radiant t'emDera~ture is under stress~ Although the SC~A. together some form of contact with a nerson wearing an SCBA who is located with a helmht and nrotective clothing, affords some DrotecfiT~n in a safe atmosnhere and who would, in an-emergency, be caoable of a~ainst the heated'aunosDhere, fire t~ghters should l~ow their own vefforming thd necessary rescue ooerations. Such contact c~ be limitations as well as the limitations of the vrotective clothing and haalntainett bv voice communication, visual communication, lifeline eouinment. Fire fighters shall be trained tb recco~aize the w-~'ning communicatibn, radio communication, or other accevtable means si/mg of extremely fiigh temneratures that might not be obvious - of communication. The same reouirement should at~DIv to f~re while they are breathing somewhat cooler airfrom the SCBA. fighters entering and oDerating in anv hazardous are`a'~ the ~¢¢r1¢ of Additiona.i information~on the use of SCBA in high temneratures atire, includin(smoke2filled rooms o'r areas of a building. $¢¢ ANSI may be found in Breathin~ A~aratus for the Fire Se~ce, A "Fire Offlcer'~ Zll 7.1. American National Standard Safe~ Reauirements for ~Vorkinff. in Guide. and in "Oneration of Self-Cor~tained Breathinlt AnnarBtus Tanks and Other Confined S~ace~ for a~l~tior~al information. Exnosed to High'Air Temperatures." The O~alPub~ca~n of the In~national Associatlon of~ire Chiefs. (f) Vision. Corrective lenses, ifreouired, should be fitted in the faceviece in a way that nrovides goo~l vision, and should be worn in (c~ Rauidlv-Chan~in~ Temaeratures. Problems arise when SCBA, suc[/a manner as not to inteffer~ with the seal of the facepiece. are subi~ctecl to rafiid-chan(es in temneratures on the firearound. Temvle bars of corrective soectacles that nass between the sealing This is ~articulaflv'true whe"n a single--lens faceviece'is used. The surface of the full faceDiece and the wearer's face can orevent a large lens on some makes is subiec~ to distortions caused by raoid good seal of the faceofece to the face. Therefore. sDectacles that ten'iDerature changes or bv hi,fi air temperatures alone, causi~ have this kind of tenfDie bars should not be used. Ira fire fighter leakage around the lens mounting or the faceDiece-to-face sealf0r must wear corrective lenses while wearing SCBA. the lenses s'hould both.-Such a situation is more likely to predominate in areas where be mounted in the mask with the vrescrivtion lens mounting devices

218 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP available from all SCBA manufacturers. The wearing of contact defective equipmefit. Repairs should be accomplished only by lenses by nersonnel who must wear an SCBA should-not be • trained personnel equipped with specified tools and test instruments oermitted because one or both lenses could be hooded out from the needed to adjust and repair SCBA. These repair persons should be bressure of the faceniece at the side of the eve a~d'c'lnst could be factory certified by the manufacturer of the equipment utilized blown unward bv the incomin~ air and forced between the lens and where such training is made available. the =nunfl = of the eve. A-4-14 Personnel should describe the procedure for returning Iff) Facepiece-to-Face Sealing~ Problems, Facial hair that interferes unused and exhausted SGBA to its proper place immediately upon witJa the faceoiece-to-face seal or the ooeration of the exhaiatioil removal from service. SCBA should not be placed in locations such valve on the Cull faceniece of the SCBA~should not be nermitte~l, as on the ground or in areas of debris that will cause damage to the Such f~ciai hair can include beards, sideburns, mustaches, long hair, unit. or ban~s that nass between the seaiin~ surface of the faceniece of the SCBA and the'face of the wearer. Head coverings, snecta'cle temnle A-4-14(c) Extreme caution must be employed, especially in high bars. or anv other protuberance that Passes bet~Teen'the seaiin~ " pressure systems, to avoid eye injury from trappedparticles of debris surface of the faceoiece and the face should not be Dermitted. that can be loosened during the activation of SCBA.

(h~ Absorution Through or Irritation of the Skin. Some airborne A-4-14(d) Personnel should be instructed in the inherent dangers contaminar~ts are extrernelv irritating to the skin (i.e.. ammonia and associated with the improper storage, handling, and transportation hydrochloric acid), while oflaers are capable of being absorbed of reserve air cylinders. This instruction should erffphasize the use tlarou~h the skin and into the bloodstream with serious, oossiblv of properly designed storage for reserve cylinders, both at the station fatal, results. Hydrogen cyanide and many of the organic nhosthate and on the apparatus. Protection of stem valves from being pesticides, suchas tl{ionhosohate,insecticide and tet~aeth~ damaged or broken is of great importance. Cylinders should never DvronhosDhate (TEPP)'. wilfDenetrate the unbroken skin~ The be transported in an unrestrained condition. ~CBA dots not afford complete protection a_oainst these contaminants. Ifsucla materials are enct~unter¢d or s'usoected, an effeq~ve A-5-1.2 Routine inspections for open-circuit SCBA should include at full-body covering suit of imDermeable materials should be worn least the following operational checks: with the SCBA. as snecified i'n NFPA 49. Hazardous ChemicalData~ (a) Check the cylinder pressure gauge reading. The reading (i) Effects of Ionizing Radiation on tffe Skin and Whole Body. The should meet or exceed the authority havingjurisdiction's policy for SCBA will not nrotect Lhe skin or whole body awainst ionizing change of cylinder (90 percent or greater of fully charged cylinder radiation fromairborne concentrations of certain radioactive pressure). materials. All users of SCBA in such contaminated atmosnheres should be made aware of the fact that special protection i~ neee~ary. (b) Turn on the cylinder valve and check for leaks; listen for low- in addition to the SCBA. air alarm operation.

(i) Punctured or Runtured Eardrums. Since contaminated air can (c) Inspect high-pressure line for leaks or damage. oenetrate through a o'unctured eardrum into the resniratorv tract. the examining o'hvsiaan should determine what rest/ictions are (d) Check harness and facepiece for wear and check all straps for reouired for afire fi~hter with this condition. proper adjustment and damage.

(k] Use Around Water. Although SCBA should never be used for (e) Don the SCBA. underwater ooerations, occasionallv a fire fighter might fall from a fireboat or wlaen oneratin~ near the water. In deD~ents where (f) Don the facepiece and check for facepiece-to-face seal such a possibility e~sts. SCUBAtraining should include an explana- (leakage). tion of'what ha6Dens to the euuinment when submer~ed in water. (g) Check the exhalation valve for proper operation. (1) Overhaul. This Dhase offire-fivhting oDerations has historicailv been resnonsible for h~lnv iniuries ~nd d~aths of fire fighters. (h) Place the SCBA in service and check for normal SCBA• operation. A-4-9(d) It should be pointed out that the compofl'ents of different manufacturers' SCBA are not interchangeable and, in addition, (i) Open the bypass valve slightly to assure operation and then different models of SCBA from the same manufacturer may not be close. compatible with each other. (j) Shut cylinder valve, and breathe until low-air alarm initiates and A-4-10(a) A Personal ?deft Safety System (PASS) device is required operates correctly. by Section 5-4 of NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safay and Health Prograra. Although the PASS device is not a (k) Restore SCBA valves to normal positions. component of the SCBA, it should be considered as an integral safety companion device and therefore included in any training (1) Doffthe SCBA. session involving SCBA. (m) Restore the harness straps and facepiece webbing to don A-4-10(c) A sealed facepiece does not prevent infiltration of toxins positions• through exposed skin. (n) Clean and sanitize the facepiece and other associated A-4-12.1(b) Smoke produced from "live fire" is prohibited in SCBA equipment, as needed. training, sessions. .The authority having jurisdiction may decide to subsutute something for smoke that would have the same effect in (o) Place the SCBA back in the appropriate case or rack, ready for demonstrating the value of SCBA. Several accidents have occurred use. when smoke bombs, or other smoke generating devices tha.t L~roduce a toxic atmosphere, have been used for training exercises. When Routine inspections for closed-circuit SCBA should include at least training exercases are intended to simulate emergency conditions, the following operational checks: smoke generating devices that do not create a hazard are required. (a) Checkthe cylinder pressure of oxygen. A-4-12.1(d) The intent of this objective, required by NFPA 1001, Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, is to insure that personnel are (b) Check for damage to the SCBA due to mechanical damage, familiar with procedures for assisting other fire fighters as well as heat, or abuse. their own personal protection in emergency situations. This Committee is opposed to any procedure that breaks the facepiece (c) Open cylinder, listen for leaks, and ascertain that low-air alarm seal on any individual having operable SCBA. functions. A-4-12.2 The intent is to simulate stressful conditions without (d) Don the SCBA. endangering the physical well being of the individual. (e) Don the facepiece and check for facepiece-to-face seal (hoses A-4-13(c) This should include procedures for placing defective are kept connected). SCBA out of service, removal from apparatus and documentation of

219 NFPA 1404 ~ F95 ROP

(f) Check operation of the bypass valve. (b) Wash the faceoiece and breathing tube in the cleaner/ sanitizer solution. 13se a hand brush (r'~ot wire), line-free cloth, or (g) Shut off the oxygen cylinder valve, breathe down the system, soonge to facilitate removal of dirt. and listen for low-air alarm signal. (c) Rinse the faceniece and breathing tube comnletelv in clean. . . v A-5-1.3 See 2~;SI Z%.5-I 2,?,I ~d A Fire Service Guide to the Selection, warm water. Use, Car¢ and Maintenance of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus published by NFPA for further details of the motithly check. (d) Thoroughly air dry the faceoiece and breathing tube in a clean area. Stretcht~he breathing hose sufficiently to cIrair~water lraoned °= A-5-1.4 Before-use inspections for open-circuit SCBA should include in corrulgations. the following checks: (e) Clean other Darts as recommended bv the manufacturer. (a) Check that the cylinder pressure is 90 percent or greater of full cylinder pressure. (t3 Insoect all harts as orescribed.

(b) Check that the low-air alarm sounds when the cylinder valve is (g/ Reassemble the device, test. and stow on a fire aooaratus on a opened. sto-rage rack or in a container in ready nositlon. "-

(c) Check for a ~orrect facepiece-to-face seal. Cleaner and sanitizer solutions are available that clean effectively and also contain an antibacterial agent. Alternatively. rubber Darts (d) Check exhalation valve function. may be washed in a liuuid deterge(at solution and then immersed in one of the following: " (e) Check bypass valve function. v 1. A hypochloride solution (50 ppm of chlorine) for two minu¢¢$; (f) Check the normal operation of the SGBA. 2. An anueous iodine solution (50 ohm of iodine) for two . °. After-use inspections for open-circuit SCBA should include the following checks: 3. A ouaternarv ammonium solution (200 ohm of uuaternarv (a) The i:eplacing, of the air cylinder with a fully charged cylinder. ammonium combounds in water of less than'5-00 non] total hardness~ for twt~ minutes. " " (b) The checking for defective or damaged components. To nrevent dermatitis and damage to Darts. immersion times (c) The thorough cleaning of all SC,BA components, and the should be adhered to and sanitizeYs should be thoroughly rinsed sanitizing of the facepiece. from all oarts.

(d) The checking of the SCBA for functional operation. Strong cleanin~ and sanitizing agents that can damage p~rt~s should not be~sed. Vigorous mechar~ca] a~itation should n3t be used. Closed-circuit SCBA should be checked before and after use according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Alcohol should not be used as a germicide on the rubber parts of an sca~ A-6-1.1 Daily and weekly checks and inspections can be conducted by any personnel who have completed the performance objectives of NOTE: Rubber has largely been renlaced for facepieces by Chapter 4 of this standard. sUicon-based compounds: ' Alcohol ~n be used on those

Maintenance and repair of an SCBA is more technical and should only be performed by persons who have been specially trained for To avoid damaging rubber and plastic parts, the temp¢~tur¢ of the this work. cleaner, of the sanifizer, and of the rinsing solution shall not exceed the manufacturer's soecifications. When ~ao snecifications are given. A-6-1.2 Preventative maintenance at this first level is a function of the temnerature o~" each should be at least 49~C(120°F), but should recognizing potential maintenance problems such as air flow not exceed 61 o C (142 o F). restrictions, loose or broken components, or strange noises emanating from regulators. Administratively, the authority having Snare faceoieces and breathing tubes should be available for use in jurisdiction must reinforce an attitude that the recognition of the event a second alarm sounds while the ori~nal facepieces aild maintenance problems will result in corrective action that will return tubes are being cleaned or are drvina. a properly operating SCBA to the user in a reasonable amount of time. The second level of maintenance may be accomplished in a ff the SCBA's used bvfire fighters who have been e~pgsed to toxic variety of ways. This level involves the removal and replacement of chemicals or radioacti~/e mate-rials, cleaning them reouir¢~ addi- defective or damaged parts of the facepiece, harness, and regulator. tional special decontamination stem. In tffese cases fiontaminated The second or intermediate level of maintenance requires comple- SCBA's'should be segregated from'all other euuioment. Soecial tion of training provided by the SCBA manufacturer, simple tools, instructions for nro~r Kandling and decontarnitaation shoqld be and a complement of spare parts. It is important to note at this time obtained from kho~iedgeable ffersonnel and followed. that the type and degree of maintenance that can or should be accomplished by an individual organization varies widely depending A-6-2 Replacement or reoairs should be carried out in accordance on the specific manufacturer. The manufacturer should be with the/nanufacturer's instructions. Renairs should be made only contacted direcdy to ascertain individual maintenance policies. bv trained personnel euuiDDed with the tools and test instrument~" Advanced-level training allows personnel to completely disassemble, needed to adjust and reoa)t: SCBA. as specified bv the manufacturer. rebuild, assemble, and accurately test all portions of the SCBA. This Exact replacement Dartg purchased from the manufacturer of the level requires more training and test equipment, making it impracti- specific [areathing a'ooaratus should be used. and an inventory of cal for every authority having jurisdiction to provide this level of e'xDendable snar~ oasZts should be kent on hand. Personnel service by its own personnel. Where large numbers of SCBA are in Deiforming tlqe ret3air should be cer/ified bv the SCBA manufac- use, it may be reasonable to provide this level of service. Most turer. Inst~umen~tion for valve, re~lator.and alarm adiustment authorities having jurisdiction will make use of regional service and renair should be approved bv tlae SGBA manufacturer, or the centers provided by, or certified by, manufacturers for advanced- valves. "regulators. and ~d'arms should be returlled tO tla¢ level maintenance. manufac/'urer's service facility.. Flow tests should be performed according to manufacturer's ins~uctions, A-6-1.4 Manufacturer's instructions for procedures and the cleaner or sanitizer to be used should be followed. When no manufactur¢r'~ When necessary, an SCBA should be rebuilt bv its manufacturer, or instructions are ~iven. the following nrocedure is recommended: bv a person trairied and certified by the manuf~tcturer. Frequency of rebuilding should be in accordance with the manufacturer's (a) Separate the facepiece and breathing tube from the rest of the recommendations, ff no manufacturer's recommendations are de~ce. given, rebuilding should be conducted at least evervfive years. Rebuilding should include the complete dismantlitig of the SCBA

220 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP and reolacement of all reuulator Darts that mavwear. Breathin~-~as cylinders should be tested'as ores-cribed in the'aoolicable Shino~ Container St~ecification Re~tllations of the U. S.'13enarlment'of Tmnsoortation and Code ofFederalRetmlations. Title ~I9. Part 178. v A-7-1.1 Organizations should consider requiring an air quality higher than Grade D for SCBA since over a period of time, even with quarterly testing, the effectiveness of the filtering system will deteriorate. A-7-1.2 It is recommended that one of the quarterly tests be performed by a different laboratory in order to confirm the results of the primary lab. A-7-1.4 Instructions for purging should be obtained from the cylinder manufacturer.

A-7-2.6

Table A-7-2.6(a) Figure A-7-2.9 Spare cyfinder trailer Luxfer FRP Cylinders Allowable Defect with Field Repair* A-7-2.13 Filtration monitoring devices can be installed to warn of Maximum dirty or clogged filters. Service Test Allowable Defect Cylinder Pressure Pressure Dimensions in Appendix B Identification (psi) (psi) Length Depth Width Use This'Appendix is not apart of the requirements of this NFPA document but DOT 7235-4500 is included for informational purposes on O. L45W-45 4500 7500 1 " .015 .125 Breathing 5.40D x 19 apparatus B-I Limitations of Respirators. DOT 7235-2216 B-1.1 Serf-Contained Breathing Apparatus: provides respiratory L45S-22 2216 3700 1" .010 .125 Breathing protection under conditions of oxygen deficiency or in concentra- 6.80D x 20 apparatus tions of toxic gases immediately dangerous to life or health. The DOT 7235-3000 period over which the device will provide protection is limited by the amount of air in the apparatus. This type of respirator offers no L21W-30 3000 5000 1 " .010 .125 Breathing protection against skin irritation or against skin absorption of 5.4OD x 11 apparatus materials. DOT 7235-4000 L70W-40 4000 6670 1 " .020 .125 Breathing B-I.2 Air-Line Respirators: provides respiratory protection in 7.10 OD x 20 apparatus atmospheres not immediately dangerous to life or health from which the wearer can escape unharmed without the aid of the respirator. DOT 8258-4000 It is necessary that sufficient oxygen be present at all times to $70W-40 4000 6670 1 " .020 .125 Scuba support life.

*Fill defect with epoxy glue dr resin and hydrotest. Half-mask respirators of this type provide no protection to the eyes. B-I.3 Combination self-contained and air-line: provides respiratory protection under conditions of oxygen deficiency or concentrations of toxic gases, immediately dangerous to life or health..By means of Table A-7-2.6(b) a small air cylinder the wearer is able to escape the dangerous Structural Composites Industries atmosphere in case the primary air supply is interrupted, ff used for FRP Cylinders entry into atmospheres dangerous to fife or health, the airline must Allowable Defect with Field Repair be connected on entry. This type of respirator offers no protection Maximum against skin irritation or against skin absorption of materials. Service Test Allowable Defect Cylinder Pressure Pressure Dimensions in B-1.4 Chemical Cartridge Respirator: provides respiratory protection against light concentrations of certain acid gases, Identification (psi) (psi) Length Depth Width Use ammonia, and organic vapors by utilizing various chemical filters to purify the inhaled air. It is necessary that sufficient oxygen be DOT-E-7277-2216 .0901 .125 Breathing present at all times to support life. Half-mask respirators of this type ALT-59 .0602 apparatus provide no protection to the eyes. 6.80D x 20.4 2216 3700 1 " B-I.5 Mechanical Filter Respirators: provide respiratory protection aApplies to cylindrical section only. against airborne particulate matter, including dusts, mists, metal fumes, and smoke. Mechanical filter respirators do not provide 2Applies to dome sections. protection against gases, vapors, or oxygen deficiency. Half-mask spirators of this type provide no protection to the eyes. A-7-2.7 During refilling operations, protection should be provided frqm fragmentation of SCBA cylinders. B-1.6 Unusual Hazards: Unusual factors can add new dimensions to a hazardous situation and should be considered when using A-7-2.9 When individual organizations may not be able toprovide respirators. Some airborne contaminants are extremely irritating to their own mobile air supply, such a Supply may be providedby a the skin while others are capable of being absorbed through the skin mutual aid association, mobile cascade compressor vehicle, or a and into the bloodstream with serious, possibly fatal results. A vehicle that carries a large number of spare cylinders. facepiece or hood respirator will not afford complete protection against such contaminants.

221 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

B-2 Respirator Selection Guide.

e~ e. ~o "7,

•~ ,q. 8~ 8£ .5

Type Respirator O_ ~

Self-contained breathing apparatus X X X X X

Air-line Respirator X X X

Combination self:contained & air-line respirator X X X X

Chemical cartridge respirator X

Mechanical filter respirator -- full face X

Mechanical filter respirator ~ half-mask X Combination chemical cartridge & mechanical filter respiratoi" X

Self-rescue respirator (Escape only) X X

Air-line abrasive blasting respirator X

222 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

B-3 Guide for Selection of Respirators. deficiency will be found in NIOSH 76-187. A Guide to Industrial ResOirato~ Protection. na~es 16-18: in Pat~ 's Industrial H~riene and Toxieolo~. Da~es 148-749Yin P~sioloan ofi~airation.'and~n A10 of the Hazard Respirator Annend~tx 6f~d~rSI Z88.2. Practlces ]~r Ite.~'~ator~ Protection. Oxygen l)efideney A. Self-contained breathing apparatus. Appendix D Suggested Procedures for Carrying Out Qualitative B, Combination air-line respirator Respirator-Fitting Tests with auxiliary self-contained air , supply or an air-storage receiver This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but with alarm. is included for informational purposes on O. Gas and Vapor Contaminants D-I Irritant Smoke Test. The irritant smoke is produced byair Immediately dangerous to A. Self-contained breathing ap- flowing through a commercially available stannic tetrachloride or life or health paratus. titanium tetrachloride smoke tube normally used to check the B. Self-rescue respirator (for performance of ventilation systems. Ventilation should be provided escape only). m the test room to prevent contamination of the room with smoke. C. Combination air-line respirator ffthe respirator wearer detects penetration of smoke into the with auxiliary self-contained air respirator during the test, the wearer should be permitted to supply or an air-storage receiver readjust the seal of the SGBA. The test Operator operates the smoke with alarm. tube to direct smoke over the SCBA while the wearer is inhaling, keeping the smoke tube about 1 ft (305 ram) from the facepiece, Not immediately dangerous A. Air-line respirator. and watches the reactions of the wearer. If the wearer does not to life or health B. Air-purifying, half-mask or full detect penetration of smoke into the facepiece, the test operator face respirator with chemical moves the smoke tube closer to the facepiece and observes the cartridge. reactions of the wearer. When the smoke tube has moved to within 6 in. (153 ram) of the facepiece and the wearer still has not detected Paniculate Contaminants A. Self-contained breathing peneWation of smoke, the smoke may be directed atpotential Immediately dangerous to apparatus. sources of leakage (i.e., beneath the chin and aroundthe cheeks, life or health B. Self-rescue respirator temples, and forehead) in the seal of the facepiece to the wearer. If (for escape only). the wearer still does not detect penetration of smoke, the wearer C. Combination air-line respirator should carry out a series of exercises such as deep breathing, turning with auxiliary self-contained air the head from side to side, nodding the head up and down, frowning, and talking while smoke is directed at the respirator. If supply or an air-storage receiver the wearer is unable to detect penetration of smoke, a satisfactory fit with alarm. has been achieved. Not immediately dangerous A. Air-purifying full face- to life or health piece respirator with appropriate D-2 Odorous Vapor Test. A material commonly used in the fdter. odorous vapor test is isoamyl acetate. The simplest means of carrying out the test is to saturate a piece of fabric or sponge or fill a B. Air-purifying, half-mask stencil brush with liquid isoamyl acetate and then move the fabric, respirator with filter pad or sponge, or stencil brush around the facepiece of a respirator worn cartridge. by a person. The fabric, sponge, or stencil brush should be passed C. Air-line respirator. close to the potential sources of leakage in the seal of the facepiece D. Air-line abrasive-blasting while the wearer is inhaling and performing the recommended respirator. exercises. If the wearer detects the odor of isoamyl acetate vapor E. Powered air-purifying during the test, the wearer should be permitted to readjust the seal respirator. of the facepiece. If the wearer is unable to detect the odor of isoamyl acetate vapor when inhaling, a satisfactory fit has been Combination Gas, Vapor, and A. Self-contained breathing achieved. Paniculate Contaminants apparatus. Immediately dangerous to B. Self-rescue respirator (for A ma'ortj drawback of a test using isoamyl.. acetate vapor as the test life or health • escape only). agent is that the odor threshold vanes wdely among people. Most C. Combination air-line respirator can detect by odor a concentration of isaomyl acetate vapor in air as low as 0.1 parts per million byvolume. After a person has smelled with auxiliary self-contained air the odor for a long period of time, olfactory fatigue can cause a supply or an air-storage receiver failure to detect the odor of a low concentration of isoamyl acetate with alarm. vapor in air. Several hours before a facepiece fitting test is per- Not immediately dangerous A. Airqine respirator. formed, all those who are to undergo the test should first be tested to life or health B. Air-purifying half-mask or full to determine their ability to detect the odor of isoamyl acetate vapor in air. It should also be noted that people being tested can fake the face respirator with chemical test by indicating that they do not detect the odor when they actually cartridge and appropriate filter. do, or vice versa.

Annendix C Oxwen Deficiency -- Immediatelv Dangerous to Life Appendix E Physiological and Psychological Limitations for SCBA .... or-Heath Users

This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but This Appendix is not apart o/the requirements o/this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. is included for informational purposes only.

An atmosnhere that causes an oxwen-nartial pressure of 100 mm of 4-3.5 requires that a physician determine ifa person should or mercmy, o'r less in the freshly insp]r'ed ~ir satur~ated with water vapor should not wear an SGBA~ Among the conditions the physician in the uDDer portion of the lunas is classified as an oxwen-deficient should consider are the following: atmosnlaere--Zimmediatelv danfferous to life or health: ~The ration~de for this classification is that an oxwen-oartial nressure of (a) Emphysema; 100 mm of mercury in the freshly inspired ai"r with water vanor in the UDDer portion of the lungs corresoor~ds to an oxwen-Dartial (b) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D~essure of 60 mm of mercury in ~e alveoli of ~e'lun'~s when a ~rbon dioxide-partial Dressui'e of 40 mm of mercury is nresent in (c) Bronchial asthma; the alveoli of the lung?and at these alveolar conditions'the hemoglobin of the alveolar blood is 90 oercent saturated with (d) X-ray evidence of pneumoconiosis; oxwen. When the oxwen content of Re hemoglobin of the alveolar blood drops below 90-percent s~turation, oxwen deticiencv (e) Evidence of reduced pulmonary function; symptoms become'noticeable. Fur~er details concer~in~ oxygen

223 NFPA 1404 -- F95 ROP

(f) Coronary artery disease; Appendix G Referenced Publications (g) Severe or progressive hypertension; G-I The following documents or portions thereof are referenced within this standard for informational purposes only and thus are (h) Epilepsy, grand mal or petit mal; not considered part of the requirements of this document. The edition indicated for each reference is the current edition as of the (i) Anemia, pernicious; date of the NFPA issuance of this document. (j) Diabetes, iusipidous or melitus; G-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101. (k) Breathing diflicultywhen wearing an SGBA; NFPA FSP-29B, Breathing Apparatus for the Fire Service, A Fire Officer's (I) Glaustrophobia or anxiety when wearing an SCBA; Guide, 1975.

(m) Abnormal EKG results from resting or stress tests; NFPA 49, Hazardous ChemicalData, 1994 edition.

(n) Punctured or ruptured eardrums. NFPA 1401, Recommended Practicefor Fire Service Training P,eports and Records, 1989 edition. Appendix F Buddy Breathing A Fire Service Guide to the Selection, Us~ Car¢ and Maintenance of Self- Contained Breathing Apparatus. This Appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is includedfor informational purposes only. G-1.2 ANSI Publications. American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, NewYork, NY 10018. Until and unless NIOSH/MSHA approves an auxiliary device for buddy breathing, the practice of buddy breathing is not endorsed in ANSI Z88.2-1980, Practicefor Respiratory Protection. any way. The practice of passing the SCBA facepiece back and forth between two users is considered unsafe because highly toxic air ANSI Z88.6-1984, Physical Qualificationsfor Revtn'rator Us~ contaminants 9an enter the facepiece during the exchange of the facepiece. Furthermore, the training required to buddy breathe ANSI Z117.1-1977, American National Standard Safe~y Requirementsfor would have to be very intense and practiced continually, to an extent Working in Tanks and Other Confined Spaces. that would be impractical for the rare times it might be used. This is particularly true for positive-pressure SGBA. An untrained victim G-l.3 US Government Publications. US Government Printing could jeopardize the life of a trained fire fighter if buddy breathing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Washington, DC 20402. were attempted. It is recommended that avictim be carried to breathable air and resuscitation started. This can be done in about Tide 29 CFR Part 1910.134 the same amount of time that it takes to set up a buddy-breathing operation. If the victim is pinned down and cannot be freed by the Title 29 CFR Part 1910.156 rescuer, assistance should be sought rather than have the rescuer remain and also become a victim. Title 29 CFR Part 178

However, it is also recognized that a fire fighter would not abandon G-I.4 NIOSH Publication. a victim or a fellow fire fighter if at all possible. There have been assertions where buddy breathing fias saved a life, but there have NIOSH Publication 76-187, A Guide to Industrial Respirator3 also been incidents where two people have died when itwas Protection, p. 16-18. attempted, instead of one. Circumstances may arise when one fire fighter may not hear a low-air pressure alarm and remain in an G-1.5 Other Publications. IDLH atmosphere until the air is depleted. Again, buddy breathing could be especially dangerous since by the time it is neceksary, the Clayton, G.D., and Clayton, F.E., eds, Pat~'s lndust~.al Hjgienc and second fire fighter is probably almost out of air and the use of buddy Toxicology, 3rd revised edition, Vol 1, NewYork: Intersdence breathing could result in two victims instead of one. Publishers, 1978.

Therefore, it is recommended that at least one of each team of Conroe, J.H., Physiolog3 of Respiration, Chicago: Year Book Medical dPaired fire fighters carry an approved five-minute escape SGBA. This Publishers, 1965. evice can be used for rescuing a non-fire-fightervictim or a fellow fire fighter whose air is depleted, or it can be given to a pinned-down Harder, Gharles A., Held, BruceJ., and Cardenas, GailJ., "Opera- person while additional help is obtained. tion of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Exposed to High Air Temperatures," ~ Offioial Publication of the International Assodation of Fire Chief~ December 1978, 44(12):8-14.

224 NFPA 1405 -- F95 ROP

PART HI SUBSTANTIATION: For clarity only. COMMI~EE ACTION: Accept. (Log #CP1) NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 1405- 1 - (4-11.10): Accept VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training AFFIRMATIVE: 22 RECOMMENDATION: Add to Section 4-11.10 as follows: NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page "In areas of the superstructure where the metal is relatively thin, it may be preferable to cut holes to allow water to run out. Cutting holes in vessels can be extremely dangerous. Holes should never be cut without a thorough review of the ~onsequences and obtaining permission from theappropriate authority;, generally this will be the (Log #CP5) ship's master. Exothermic torches may outperform oxyacetylene 1405- 5 - (7-8.8): Accept torches in fire and floodintt conditions." SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training SUBSTANTIATION: Add'information about new technology. RECOMMENDATION:..De[eteSec.fion ,7~.~ 3"?""~1" AV,'XL'c"' COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 22 NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page "~2 e..,W "_'Y',_~?_2~ "_''?t .'2", 'ff~'.'~_ ~_s~'?~, ~ ......

(Log #CP2) ;~I~T~/~T~TiObl'~" ~nne cessary lalIguage. 1405- 2- (7-8.1): Accept COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 RECOMMENDATION: Delete wording as noted in "Section'/-8.1 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: Bridge" as follows: AFFIRMATIVE: 22 "After entering on the guide the available preliminary information, NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page the surveyor begins the survey on the navigation bridge, noting the general layout aTnd documenting and photographing the following equipment: & Inclinometer B. Fire protection systems controls and instruments (Log #CP6) C. Emergency shut-offs 1405- 6 - (8-2): Accept D. Communication systems SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training E. Watertight door controls" RECOMMENDATION: Delete the following words from "Section SUBSTANTIATION: Unnecessary wording. 8-2 Training Exercises". COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept. "The funcuon of a training exercise is to ensure that the plans, NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 and procedures d,,.Z I,=;c bc~.. ~. h,~l.,~cd i., cLc~-,y a~el ~-~ VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: can be implemented ~. AFFIRMATIVE: 22 - Because most land-based fire fighters infrequently fight shipboard NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page fires, the value of a marine fire fighting exercise is immeasurable. The exercises that have been conducted by fire departments throughout the United States have shown significant benefit when the de-parmaent was later required to respoffd to a shipboard fire. (Log #CP3) Arrangements should be made with the terminal management 1405- 3 - (7-8.6): Accept people and ship's owner/operator for the purpose of conducting a SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training full dress rehearsal of an incident. This would' include search and RECOMMENDATION: Delete the following words in "Section 7-8.6 rescue, d~t,l~..,c,.; of ,.az~, ;,t,tAic; on a i;~...;vc ~,~l'c, deployment Weather Decks" as noted: of water curtains, master streams and attack lines, and deployment "A£~ci dic,c a~ can o,-c coiii~Ic~cd, The surveyor finishes 1~ the of fire department ladders for boarding a ship at locations other survey on the weather decks, including the forecasde, the poop deck than the gan~eay." or fantail, and the main deck. Items to be checked in these areas are: SUBSTANTIATION: For clarity. A. Access to holds and other interior areas of the vessel COMMITTEE ACTION: AccepL B. Deck houses and their contents NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 C. Winch controls (determine operating procedures) VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: D. Hazardous cargo storage AFFIRMATIVE: 22 E. Connections to the fire main NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page F. Deck fitting, piping, and obstructions G. Type of fire protection systems H. Sal'ety hazards I. Fire control nlan location J. Internationa~lshore connection" (Log #CP8) SUBSTANTIATION: Unnecessary words. 1405- 7 - (9-3): Accept • COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. SUBMI~ Technical Committee on Fire Service Training NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 RECOMMENDATION: Change Section 9-3 National Mutual Aid VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: Frizuencies to read as follows: AFFIRMATIVE: 22 9-3 National Mutual Aid Frequencies. One source of frequencies NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page that should be ~.iven careful consideration are c,h,~c k, dlc ~'%ic },ia;=,l' ?rid i'~di6 3so;~,~ (IR.L'.2,2,) reserved bv the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for use by the fire service for mutllil] aid pu.rpQses. This usage m~ist be orimarilv base-mobi}e operations. They are licensed~s intersvsttm radio'freQuencies. (Log #CP4) These frequencies are in the VHF spect-um and arer " 1405- 4- (7-8.7): Accept 154.265,154.280, and 154.295 MHz SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training RECOMMENDATION: Change Section 7-8.7 to read as follows: "Photographs are an essential component of the pre-fire survey. They should be taken, if allowed. Much of the dat,4 contained in the survey is of a technical nature and would be easier to understand if g~ll~;c,l" .%, o;L.., £.cq~c..c.c~. The FCC also has authorized five appropriate photographs or drawings with identity symbols 800 MHz frequencies for use in mutual aid operations. superimposed are used. In general, anything that would help make These fre~uepcies are: ...... thb text of the rrmrm~ EU_IY.~ easier to understand should be photographed. This might include: IT_ a~_ I ~_11~___ el I~1 it l "1 YV ", fi~l filfi~ lilt A~ Systeins controls B. Systems components C. Instruments • TT-- D. Arrangement features ~'~'~ X~...... : .".'2 ',i*~ .~."~,~'Z;~,;'_ "'~ E. General ship views"

225 NFPA 1405 -- F95 ROP

COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. Ta~;.L.,d C'.,~,,J #5, M,,LI% U,,~, ~23.,91~5 :.'.fig NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 I-C~_I~ 821.0125 (Mobile Innut) 866.0125 (Mobile Out~ VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: I-TAC l 821.5125 (Mobile Inbut) 866.5125 (Mobile Out] AFFIRMATIVE: 22 I-TAC 2 829.0125 (Mobile Inbut] 867.0125 (Mobile Out-~ NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page |-TAC 3 822.5125 (Mobile Inbud 867.5125 (Mobile Out] I-TAC 4 823.0125 (Mobile Inbut) 868.0125 (Mobile Ou0 SUBSTANTIATION: Update bfterminology. COMMITI'EE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 (Log #CP7) VOTE ON COMMITITEE ACTION: 1405- 10 - (11-6): Accept AFFIRMATIVE: 22 $UBMITrER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page RECOMMENDATION: Add new language in "Section 11-6 Logistics" as noted: II-6 Logistics. The logistics section should be developed and expanded to provide, maintain, and move the necessary personnel, eqhipment, ahd supplies (equipment maintenance: fuel, food and (Log #cPg) rel~reshments, comha-unications, sanitation, etc~) to areas needed in 1405- 8 - (10-10.3): Accept the incident. The initial staging area may now be designated as a SUBMITI'ER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training base where the primary support or logistical activities will be RECOMMENDATION: Add to last paragraph of Section 10-10.~ performed. Attack as follows: A logistics officer will be needed for large incidents, Which present "Identify and establish the secondary fire boundaries for staging of great supply problems. personnel and equipment. A staging area or equipment resource pool used to stockpile air Identify and evaluate the status of the ship's fixed systems (CO2, ozHnd6rs,-hose, and/tplbliances can be established on the ~,essel or halon). Note that propulsion motors may have fixed systems that adjacent to the vessel oh the dock for personnel and equipment discharge into the motor housing. re~ly to be assigned to the incident as other personnel are rotated If there is an operational fixed system for the space involved, it out. It is critica[that once the fire attack has begun that it continue should be used 5s soon as evacuation and closure have been uninterrupted until the tactical objectives are attained. If extinguish- completed. Entry.into a space where fixed C02 or halon has been ment operations are interrupted temporarily to mobilize fresh released should be delayed to allow the agent to perform its personnel, the fire can gain additional headway and overtake gains function. previously made. Entry into the involved space should be made wearing full Hose attack teams in breathing apparatus under high heat and protective clothfng. difficult access conditions aboard vessels will be effective for Transformers aboard the ship may contain oil. If the integrity of roximately fifteen (15) minutes. Because of this a minimum of the transformer is breached, the fire may become a combination ~l~pee (3) tearoa of personnel should be dedicated for each fire electrical and oil fire. The transformer oil may contain a cardnogen attackhose line: one operating the hose line, one team ready to and release highly toxic fumes. relieve the attack team and aiaaird team changing their air cylinders Befor~ entry ts made it must be determined that adequate fire and getting ready'to be operational again. Eacga aback team should fig!~,ptin g. e q ui ment, personnel, and agents are available, to not only have a minimum of two (2) 1 1/2 in. or 1 3/4 in. hose lines. This extingmsh the fire but protect the fire fighters. Thin becomes allows one for fire attack and the second hose line for personnel especially important when considering fight spaces and the possibly heat protection (wide fog). complex escape route. Shi6bogl-g] fire fighting lilly reouire long travel distances through Fire fighting equipment that may be available aboard the ship and the ~,;essei'soassagewavs~and'frorh deck to-deck before reaching {he be of assistance to the fire fighter include: CO2, halon, and dry actual fire. "1"h¢~¢,nathwa~s may be char~ed with heat and smoke• chemical hose reel extinguishers; C02 and dry chemical semi- Firefighters may n6ed to fitilize'breathin~e anoaratus while walking portable extinguishers; fire hoses; and nozzles. through the vessel. The lomstics section'~h~ld consider the - When the fire fighters are ready to make entry into the involved amount of air that may be ~onsumed traveling to and from the fire. space, ventilation should be established to the outside atmosphere to Forward statrin~ areasfor stockoilin~ air cylinders should be reduce heat and improve visibility. Smoke e iectors or box fa/m established ~t I~cations which do nfft exceed twenty minutes travel maybe reouired." time intervals. Wherever nossible, forward statfin~areas should be SUBSTANTIATION: To clarify and add terminology used on ships. smoke/contamination free to facilitate the saf6 cl:ian~in~ of

COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept. h NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 24 ~ should develop a system to mechanically transfer VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: equipment and supplies (hose, appliances, air cylinders, foam, etc.) AFFIRMATIVE: 22 from the dock to the vessel using the vessel cargo handling gear, NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page winches or cranes, and transfer lines from the dock• Logistics is responsible for maintaining the incident radio communication systems. A minimum of three radio networks should be utilized. A command network for the incident commander, command staff (safety liaison, information), general staff (operations, logistics, and (Log #CP10) planning) and branch, divisions, and group supervisors should be 1405- 9 - (11-4): Accept established. A tactical network for ope~tions and the various • SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Fire Service Training divisions and groups, communicating ~ith each other is also needed• RECOMMENDATION: Add one sentence to 11-4 Command Post Lastly, provide a support network for logistics to utilize to control as follows: the supply of resources and other non-tactical functions. There also "The first arriving fire officer will take command of the inddent may be a marine channel for control of waterside activities involving and name the command, usually after the name of the vessel, coast guard and fire boats and an air operations channel for terminal, or location of incident. This officer will establish a helicopter activities. command post (CP) and announce its location. A rehabilitation area should be established close to the inddent but Its location should be accessible but safe to prevent from having to in a safe area so fire crews can be rotated out for rest and refresh- relocate it later in the inddent, It should be upwind and have an ments. Relief agencies often can assist with this. This area, along with overall view of the incident if possible. It should be large enough to staging and base, should provide personnel with some protection accommodate all key_personnel who will be involved in the - from the weather, such as heat and rain. Logistics may ivant to assign command function. ¢.~ommunication equipment and sanitary specific officers to manage key areas, such as water supply, foam, air, facilities are desirable. A nearby terminal or office building will work ahd cylinders. well• The commandpost is where all incident operations are SUBSTANTIATION: Add language to clarify the possible need for directed. There will be only one command l~ostT. additional air cylinders do to long travel distances to fires in ships• The Incident Commander has the responstbilityfor overall COMMiTtEE ACTION: Accept. management of the incident. This includes staff functions such as NUMBER OF COMMI~lg MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 94 information, safety, and liaison to support the command function. VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION: The IC will prepare incident objectives that in turn will be the AFFIRMATIVE: 22 foundation of subsequent action planning. The IC will approve the NOT RETURNED: Layton, Page final action plan and all requests for ending and releasin-g-primary resources. Command will keep track of what has been ordered, what's in progress, and what's completed. If the vessel has an "onboard command vost", a renresentative from the fire deDartment.s shoreside ~ommand host should be sent onbQ~rd~ SUBSTANTIATION.: To clarify a possible misunderstanding between two possible command posts.

226