JANUARY tem to tern 2015 A Newsletter for our Maritime Studies Alumni and Friends v o l u m e 31 pS r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s S e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y g r e e n v i l l e n c

Field School in Biscayne Bay. . . . story on page 9

From the Editorial Staff / Director 2 Maritimers on the Road: 2014 Conference 4 Maritime Studies Association 5 RPM Nautical Foundation, Sicily and Albania 6 Naval History and Heritage Command 7 The Economics of Cultural Heritage 7 Summer Field School in the Tar River 8 Fall Field School in Biscayne Bay 9 Northern Outer Banks of Currituck County 11 South Africa 12 Aquarius Base 13 Submerged Resource Center 14 Rockly Bay, Tobago 15 16 Parris Island 17 Back to RPM 18 on 19 Ocracoke Island 20 Ahoy Mates! Welcome to ECU 22 Where are our Maritimers now? 24 Thank you for your support! This program would not be possible without the support of readers like you. Contributions made via Stem to Stern fund a scholarship that helps to tem to tern cover the cost of research and education for students in the program. If you S. . . a newsletter of East CarolinaS University’s Program in Maritime Studies would like to donate, please use the enclosed envelope. Program graduates who donate $50, and outside contributors who donate $100 will receive the medallion pictured below in the mail. Once again, the Program in Maritime Core Faculty: Studies is ever grateful for your support! Bradley A. Rodgers, PhD, Director – Melissa Price Lynn B. Harris, PhD Jennifer McKinnon, PhD Nathan Richards, PhD David J. Stewart, PhD Contributing Faculty: Wade Dudley, PhD Michael A. Palmer, PhD Carl E. Swanson, PhD Staff Archaeologist: PHOTO TO SCALE Calvin Mires, PhD Dr. James M. Allan Mr. John B. Parks Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence Babits Mr. and Mrs. Phillip F. Reid Office Manager: Mr. Matthew Brenckle Dr. and Mrs. Timothy J. Runyan Karen Underwood Mr. and Mrs. James Cheatham Dr. Bradley Rodgers Editor: Mr. and Mrs. Robert Holcombe, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. John N. Smith III Melissa Price Mr. and Mrs. John Hoyt Dr. and Mrs. Stephen Workman Assistant Editor: Katherine Clevenger Published annually by the Program in FromFrom the the Editorial Editorial Staff: Staff: Maritime Studies, East Carolina University. Readers are encouraged to submit informa- What an exciting year this has been for students and faculty in the Program in Maritime tion and news to the editor. Any suggestions Studies! This year’s newsletter proves to be just as packed with achievements as last year’s or comments should be directed to the editor. and some of the program’s students have gone off to some exciting new jobs. Quite a few We look forward to hearing from you. students interned overseas in the Mediterranean, France, and Sweden. This year’s incoming If you would like to receive a free sub- class is a large one, with nineteen first-years joining the maritime family. The program also scription to Stem to Stern, please telephone had a number of theses defended and our own staff archaeologist, Calvin Mires, defended 252-328-6097, fax 252-328-6754, or write: his doctoral dissertation (Congratulations!). Stem to Stern Journey with us as we recount the exciting endeavors of individuals in the program! Program in Maritime Studies – Melissa Price Admiral Ernest M. Eller House East Carolina University When I visited ECU last fall, I was given a copy of Stem to Stern by Dr. Rodgers. I was Greenville, NC 27858-4353 thrilled to read about the variety of projects the students participated in the previous year. Please visit the ECU Maritime Studies The range of students’ interests and opportunities is truly incredible. I was extremely excited Web site at www.ecu.edu/maritime for when I was informed I would be the assistant editor for the upcoming year. Please read on to additional news and information about the explore what the Program in Maritime Studies has accomplished this past year. program. A digital copy of this newsletter – Katherine Clevenger can be viewed on-line at http://www.ecu. edu/maritime/publications. FRONT COVER: Maritime alumni Joshua Marano examines the area between frames on the Pillar Dollar wreck. (Photo: Charles Lawson, National Park Service) 1,500 copies of this public document were printed at a cost of $3047.05 or $2.03 per copy. ASC-000924 (11/14) BACK COVER: Caitlin Zant dives on the canaler Floretta. (Photo: Tamara Thomsen)

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 2 Stem to Stern • From From the the Quarterdeck: Quarterdeck: After three decades at ECU, I have teaching philosophy, but also involves the new archaeologists. It is important been forced to agree with Henry A. adaptation of new hardware and software. to be competent in the water and Wallace, who said, “The only certainty in This fall, I found myself flying our new technology certainly helps us to do so, life is change.” This is true on all levels and Phantom Drone high over Mackinac but archaeology is the act of gathering, is readily apparent to anyone possessing a Island to get a bird’s eye, or perhaps more analyzing, and interpreting data. It modicum of self-awareness. The Program appropriately, a topmast view to better involves asking and answering historical is no exception, and it is interesting for interpret the War of 1812 battlefield questions and should not be confused me to contemplate what has transpired site located there. This technologically- with, as some jokingly refer, “Taking over each school year. In this endeavor, I produced perspective, from the air rather Happy Snaps at 200 feet.” have the advantage of perspective and can than underwater, points out a perfect Another perplexing trend, especially remember the shenanigans perpetrated by example of how we can add to history. for academic archaeologists, is the fact a tiny program surviving year-to-year and This drone pointed out the historical that there is less and less time each year project-to-project, always reaching higher fact that in 1814, supporting in the devoted to research and professorial jobs than was thought possible. Today’s large bay could easily see what had transpired are changing dramatically. Universities are international graduate program has me on the battlefield. From flying ROV’s to increasingly under economic siege and the wondering how and when it all happened. our research vessel fleet, the program has first defense in this siege is to devote more Stem to Stern, initiated in 1985, reflects progressed mightily in technical hardware and more time explaining and assessing our changes. The newsletter began as a and software to better promote our real how important the profession is, creating four-paged blue paper missive that read objective: training students to design less time for research. more like a family Christmas letter as research and interpret archaeological sites Despite these obstacles, the Program opposed to today’s informative journal through scientific data collection, analysis, still manages to realize feats of research that lists the activities of one of the largest inference, and common sense. and project planning that could not graduate programs in Arts and Sciences, In this light, I have seen a perplexing have been achieved before in the history and one of the more prolific producers of trend emerge in of this program. Please enjoy reading professional archaeologists in the world. over the last few years. Gadgetry has about this summer’s research exploits in As mentioned last year, the Program become more sophisticated, a good various parts of the world, two diverse fall has solidified into a key player in the trend in the case of ROVs, cameras, CAD field projects in , Florida and world of archaeology. I can only attribute drawing systems, or remote sensing Mackinac Island, , and a wealth this success to the concepts instilled by devices such as magnetometers and of other Program accomplishments. I also my progenitors: an easy-going, casual multi-beam . The actual devices wish to thank all of you who donated to educational philosophy rooted in learning used to work underwater have also the Program; our goal of achieving a living in a relaxed atmosphere. We also adhere been upgraded over the years and new Foundation Account is nearly there. And to team concepts and often tackle the hardware such as re-breathers have finally, thank you to all of the well-wishers classroom as we would a field project, shown promise in lengthening the time and alums who sent me notes of greetings using teamwork and cooperation rather we can spend on site and the depth we and encouragement throughout the year. than competitiveness. This philosophy can dive. I am not, however, a tech diver You are a good bunch, no matter what has not changed since our first class. and will never be one. I am first and anyone says! Keeping up in the field is not only about foremost an archaeologist who trains – Dr. Bradley Rodgers

If you would like to continue receiving Stem to Stern, please send in the enclosed pre-addressed, pre-paid envelope and let us know. All you have to do is insert a card with your name, address, and professional position. If you want to send a donation to support the program, a specific project, or Stem to Stern, please feel free to do so. -Thank you

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 3 Maritimers on the Road: 2014 Conference SHA Conference - Count” resonated as Ryan Bradley, Kara “A Bygone Boiler: But Does it Belong?,” Fox, Phil Hartmeyer, Kelci Martinsen, the investigation of a large disarticu- th 47 Annual Conference Jeneva Wright, and Caitlin Zant discussed lated boiler found near the wreck site of their research, met with colleagues, and Monohansett in the NOAA Thunder Bay on Historical and contemplated new opportunities and National Marine Sanctuary. Their study, Underwater Archaeology field projects. Some students were lucky which sprang out of the ECU 2013 sum- enough to sit in on the Government mer field school, explored the notion Maritime Managers Forum, an eye- that despite its proximity to the wreck In January 2014, six ECU maritime opening review of state and federal man- of Monohansett, the boiler might not students braved the frigid conditions agement interests, issues, and , be related. Their research included in- of Québec City, Canada to attend the while others met with potential employ- vestigations into the history of another forty-seventh Society for Historical ers for internships or completed final plausible parent and period boiler Archaeology (SHA) conference. The preparations for their presentations. manufacturing. conference’s theme of “Questions That Kelci and Ryan presented the paper Phil’s presentation on “Lake Huron’s Death Ship,” Pewabic, described the first major mining boom in American history and the specialized craft that facilitated both copper industry and passenger trans- port on Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula. Pewabic was one propeller that embodied the zeitgeist of the Great Lakes during and immediately after the Civil War. The paper detailed Pewabic’s various identities both afloat and post-wrecking. It also con- textualized the importance of passenger/ package freight propellers in nineteenth- century Great Lakes history. Caitlin’s presentation focused on the development of the first self-unloading schooner-barge, Adriatic, and how this advancement in shipboard technology helped propel shipping into the twenti- eth-century. The innovative technological design of Adriatic adapted the vessel to the diverse demands of Great Lakes com- merce. Highlighting the history of the vessel and the design of its steam powered self-unloading equipment, the presenta- tion discussed how Adriatic played a vital role in the expansion of trade in the Great Lakes and served as a model for future de- signs in self-unloading technology. All of the students benefited enor- mously from attending SHA. They were able to absorb information about fascinat- ing projects and research designs from around the world, meet the professionals whose books and articles they cite, and

radley enjoy the icy splendor of Old Québec B yan City! We can’t wait to see what SHA 2015 R : will bring! photos – Jeneva Wright Château Frontenac located in downtown Québec City.

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 4 Stem to Stern • Maritime Studies Association:Continuing Onwards and Upwards As always, the Maritime and the weather held out, allow- Studies Association had a busy ing for participants to anchor year. MSA exists to support stu- and partake in jumping off a dents and assist in covering the tree into the river. expenses of attending conferenc- Plans for the coming school es. The association also arranges year include hosting a variety of social events for members and visiting speakers that cover top- friends of the program and helps ics such as ArcGIS and under- ones to send students to the SHA J water archaeology off the coast er and SAA conferences each year, f of North Carolina. As usual, enni where some of the program’s stu- : J MSA will also send students photo dents present their research. From left to right: Dr. Tim Runyan, Dr. Lawrence Babits, Dr. William Still, and Dr. to the Society for Historical MSA activities began with the Brad Rodgers at the annual Welcome Aboard party. Archaeology conference held fall 2013 Tar River float, which in Seattle, Washington this year. gave participants respite from the zero visibility blackout SCUBA dives, was Thank you to members and of- Greenville heat and humidity. Later in the greatly appreciated by students and faculty ficers, both new and old, for such a wonder- semester was the ever-popular Halloween alike. MSA would like to thank Nicholas fully successful year! party hosted at Dr. Rodger’s house. Great Delong, Dylan McCusker, David Fictum, – Melissa Price job on the costumes everyone! Sea Biscuits and Lucas Simonds for hosting the event at and Bitters, held at the Tipsy Teapot in late their home. March, was a successful fundraising event. MSA was also able to create and pur- Always popular with the crowd, it allowed chase their very own scale cards. Thanks Congratulations for those involved with the program to come to Jim Pruitt for helping out with the together and recount their activities this past design. Dr. Calvin Mires! year. Thank you to all who came out to show With the close of the 2014 spring your support of the Program in Maritime semester, new officers and a new posi- Studies! tion to MSA emerged. The new posi- March continued with MSA assisting tion, Dive Liaison, provides assistance to in the organization of a lofting workshop incoming students concerning inquiries attended by both students and faculty, about purchasing or servicing dive gear, which took place at the Roanoke Maritime or any other general Museum in Manteo, North Carolina. Craig questions. Blackwell instructed students and faculty Current officers for the 2014-2015

about the basics of drafting boat plans from school year are as follows: ones J er measurements. Participants gained valuable President: Nicholas DeLong f enni experience of the early steps involved in boat Vice President: Mateusz Polakowski : J hoto construction. Treasurer: Ivor Mollema P A dendrochronology workshop held at Secretary: Thomas Lacey Eller house in May was widely popular. MSA Historian: Melissa Price The Program in Maritime Studies wishes was able to host Dr. William Wright and Dr. Dive Liaison: Hoyt Anderson to congratulate Dr. Calvin Mires, who Pearce Paul Creasman from University of recently defended his doctoral dissertation Arizona’s Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. The fall 2014 Welcome Aboard “The Value of Maritime Archaeological The first segment of the workshop consisted party, held in Eller house, allowed for Heritage: An Exploratory Study of the of a lecture via Skype from Dr. Creasman. the mingling of students old and new Cultural Capital of Shipwrecks in the The second segment involved a practical and welcomed the nineteen first-year Graveyard of the Atlantic.” Dr. Mires has with Dr. Wright in which students and fac- students to the program. It was a great been the staff archaeologist here at the ulty participated in collecting samples from success with many faculty and students program since 2006 but came to ECU in waterlogged timbers, which they then sent in attendance. Thanks to Ryan Bradley, 2002 as a graduate student, receiving his off for dating. Jeremy Borrelli, and Nicholas DeLºong MA in 2005. Thank you for all your hard The annual “Blackout Party,” in which for hosting the after party at their house. work and contributions Dr. Mires! students celebrated the completion of their The fall Tar River float was a triumph p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 5 On the Job - RPM Nautical Foundation, Sicily and Albania This summer I was lucky enough to join the RPM Nautical Foundation in their archaeological adventuring of the Mediterranean. I spent a total of two months surveying, excavating, diving, and studying with the RPM staff and their local affiliates. When I joined the R/V Hercules in Trapani, Sicily, the crew had already been working for over a month on the Egadi Islands Battle. This work seeks to survey the area amidst the Egadi Islands in order to study the remains of a battle that took place there in 241 B.C. The Battle of the Egadi Islands was the last naval engagement between the Romans and Carthaginians during the First Punic War and is the subject of my thesis research. staff During my time on board Hercules, M

I was exposed to a variety of different : RP hoto

archaeological techniques ranging from P ROV operations, sonar, sampling, excava- Mateusz and Jeff Royal examine a ram. tion, artifact recording, artifact illustra- tion, and sector scanning. Twelve days Dr. Jeffrey Royal. The ram remained on Albanian Coastal Survey, a joint project into my expedition, I assisted in the recov- the research vessel for a few days while between RPM and the Albanian Centre ery of a bronze ram (nicknamed Hamilcar we recorded and studied it before turning for Marine Research. The project aims to Barca) and was able to process and record it over to the Soprintendenza del Mare for explore and identify the submerged cul- the ram for further conservation alongside storage, conservation, and public display. tural resources of the largely undocument- My work with RPM fo- ed Albanian coast. cused on the documentation of A few days into the survey, the dive the rams and their placement team found a Corinthian tile wreck thanks within the greater context of to local fishermen and divers. My dive the battlefield site. This field partner, Lee Pape, and I were given the season provided me with the task of organizing a preliminary survey valuable opportunity to work and submitting a report for this site, giv- with the rams directly, as one ing us the unique opportunity of learning of the first people to witness how to conduct an archaeological survey. the resurfacing of a ram after We set up perimeter buoys, conducted almost 2,000 years. Nothing swim line searches, took hundreds of compares to the insight and pictures, and had a great time diving the perspective gained from beautiful waters. After only five days of hands-on study of artifacts. intensive surveying, we were able to pro- Upon the completion of duce a complete site report. the Egadi Islands field season, Thanks to the RPM Nautical the ship made its way through Foundation, this summer was one of the the Straights of Messina and most exciting and knowledgeable experi- across the Adriatic to Albania ences of my life. Special thanks are due to in order to conduct a series Dr. Jeffrey Royal and George Robb, Jr. for making it possible for me to travel to the e of surveys along the Ionian p a

P Mediterranean to join them on such excit-

ee coast. When Hercules reached L : Albania, I disembarked and be- ing projects. hoto P gan a month of work with the – Mateusz Polakowski Mateusz measures tiles during a site survey.

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 6 Stem to Stern • On the Job - Naval History and Heritage Command Over summer 2014, to determine potential Nicholas DeLong and changes in the river James Pruitt were ac- channel over the past cepted as interns for two hundred years. This the Naval History and will ultimately provide Heritage Command, clues to the locations of Underwater Archaeology the remaining Barney’s Branch (NHHC-UAB). Chesapeake Flotilla, Selection for the program which was put in place was based on the relevance during the War of 1812 of the students’ theses to stall British advances topics to ongoing projects in the Bay. The two stu- at UAB. The internship dents aided the survey lasted seven weeks, allow- preparation by finding ing both students to sign and testing equipment, on to long-term projects. organizing gear, and in- staff

DeLong’s project involved B flating the small Zodiac UA conducting a material : boat. The students were hoto culture analysis of the ar- P eventually invited to tifacts recovered from the Interns join Blair Atcheson to tow the magnetometer on the Patuxent River. join the survey team on suspected USS Scorpion site, working on several shorter, time-sensitive the river. Although the sur- the topic of his thesis. Pruitt’s long-term projects. Researching Japanese submarines, vey was geologic in nature, they gained use- project involved geolocating Navy aircraft preparing briefings for political meetings, ful experience with working on the boat, crash sites from the vague details found and discussing survey methodology were preparing and deploying remote sensing on aircraft crash cards. This was related some of the other tasks undertaken at UAB. equipment (side-scan sonar, magnetom- to Pruitt’s thesis research concerning sub- One highlight during the internship eter, and sub-bottom profiler), and operat- merged naval aircraft. was participation in the 2014 Chesapeake ing the logging software. In addition to these long-term proj- Flotilla Survey. This survey was in col- The internship was not only a first ects, the students also performed a laboration with Dr. Scott Harris, a profes- for the students but it was also new for myriad of other tasks such as testing and sor in the Department of Geology and NHHC-UAB—they were the first ECU troubleshooting equipment and interpret- Environmental Sciences at the College of Maritime Studies students to participate in ing Sunken Military Craft Act (SMCA) Charleston, who was awarded an American the internship. By the end of the program, policies. The two quickly discovered that Battlefield Protection Grant by the both students gained more than valuable NHHC-UAB was a dynamic work environ- National Park Service. The objective was experience and were able to make many ment with typical days that not only includ- to conduct a non-intrusive remote sensing professional contacts and friends. ed working on their main projects but also survey of the Patuxent River in Maryland – James Pruitt

On the Job - The Economics of Cultural Heritage How can one accurately place value Administration (NOAA) Office of located in these waters and attempting on the attributes that make up our his- National Marine Sanctuaries, located to protect and promote these resources tory and cultural landscape? This seems in Silver Springs, MD. Working in the are daily activities to a vast number of like a subjective idea. To many people Socioeconomics Division, this question people. Understanding the value of these it is easiest to understand the value of was posed with respect to the cultural resources from an economic perspective an object if a price tag is placed next resources located within the sanctuary is still a challenge. to it, rather than understanding its sig- system. The Office of National Marine Ideally, understanding the value of nificant historical or intrinsic value. Sanctuaries oversees fourteen marine the cultural landscape of a region would Grappling with this notion, I was for- areas, encompassing over 170,000 square in turn help promote public interac- tunate to intern this summer at the miles of protected water. There are many tion with these resources. Increased National Oceanic and Atmospheric cultural resources, such as shipwrecks, continued on page 10…

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 7 In the Field - Summer Field School 2014 From May 27 through June 20, ECU’s an abundance of mud, requiring dredging could not enter North Carolina’s shallow Maritime students conducted their sum- and hand digging to expose parts of the sounds. mer field school in Washington, North wreck. The entire vessel was recorded Due to the location, this site has been Carolina. Led by Drs. David Stewart with multiple plan views, detailed pro- studied numerous times in the past as a and Jennifer McKinnon, eleven graduate files, and goniometer readings. training ground for new Maritime stu- students recorded a submerged vessel in Washington’s maritime heritage and dents. Regardless, a complete site report, the mouth of Tranters Creek, a tribu- close proximity to Greenville make it an publication, or thesis has never come tary of the Tar River. Dr. Calvin Myers, advantageous location for thesis work to fruition. This field season sought to dive safety officer Mark Keusenkothen, and field schools. Washington became a change this and document the vessel in and crew chiefs Chelsea Freeland, Will leading North Carolina port during and enough detail to become a thesis subject Sassorossi, and Jeneva Wright facilitated directly after the American Revolution. for Michele Panico. Currently a third the project. Connecting the Tar River region to the year in the program, Michele, plans to Students excavated and recorded a Pamlico Sound and Atlantic Ocean, the use the information gathered during the supposed nineteenth century schooner port constituted a vital link between por- field season to establish a reconstruction in zero visibility, coffee-like water. The tions of North Carolina’s interior and of the vessel. Along with reconstructing project was assisted by the generosity markets in Philadelphia, New England, the vessel, Michele hopes to determine of the Carolina Wind Yachting Center, Europe, and the Caribbean. Watermen the origin of build and how the Tranters who provided a boat slip and drafting often carried naval stores, tobacco, and Creek remains fit into and contribute to area to record timbers, such as the ceil- other agricultural products down the Tar local heritage. ing planking. The typical workday in- River. Schooners, sloops, and brigantines The summer field session in cluded an early meet at Eller House, after waited near Washington’s waterfront to Washington was a wonderful opportunity which gear was packed and the partici- carry these goods and timber products to learn about local history and the im- pants drove the thirty minutes to nearby up the coast or down to the West Indies. portance of schooners in the nineteenth Washington. Students received hands-on In addition to trade, shipbuilding con- century. Special thanks go to Carolina experience with line searches, mapping tributed to Washington’s nineteenth Wind Yachting Center for allowing ECU timbers in zero visibility, and even made century economy and culture. The port faculty and students to make use of their use of sledge hammers and pry bars un- continued to thrive until the emergence facilities and marina. derwater. The project was greeted with of larger, deep-draught vessels that – Justin Edwards and Michele Panico es r i M alvin . C r : D hoto P Students conduct a line search in the Tar River to locate a schooner.

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 8 Stem to Stern • In the Field - Fall Field School 2014 Students and faculty describe the The Pillar Dollar wreck, which fall field season in Biscayne Bay, Florida is estimated to be an eighteenth cen- with one word: mosquitoes. Led by Dr. tury Spanish vessel, lies in about e c vi r

Jennifer McKinnon, Dr. Calvin Mires, twenty feet of crystal clear water in e S

k r and Dr. Lynn Harris, maritime students the southern boundaries of Biscayne a departed in early September to make the National Park. Looted often by trea- P ational N long journey to Elliott Key, which served sure hunters, this wreck received its ,

as base of operations for the 2014 field name because of the specie that was awson L

les

project on the Pillar Dollar wreck. When found on it years ago. r ha one thinks of an island, pleasant images Though it did not seem exten- : C hoto often come to mind of sunsets, beaches, sive at first, dredging operations P and palm trees. Elliot Key certainly had revealed additional structure, such Students map the Pillar Dollar wreck. all of those things, with one miniscule ad- as frames, hull planking, and the gar- dition: mosquitoes. The number of bites, board strake. The structure of the ship completely around the keel that the ori- bugs, and bumps was exhausting but the initially caused confusion because the entation became clear. Due to time con- daily trips to the wreck site were a wel- keel listed to the north but the frames straints, an area of about seven by six me- come respite. did not. It was only after we excavated ters was excavated, more than enough to determine the ship’s Iberian origins and collect data for a future reconstruction Theses Defended in 2013/2014 project for a student’s thesis. Over the weeks, we mapped, photographed, and Daniel Brown, “The Corolla Wreck Exposed: Historical, Archaeological excavated the site and located artifacts Analysis of North Carolina’s Oldest Shipwreck.” such as concreted iron fasteners, ceram- ics, brick, and bone. We also conducted L. Cooper, “The Infamous Convict Museum Ship Success: An a transect survey over the adjacent reef Archaeological Investigation of Material Culture and Identity to look for scattered artifacts. We noted Formation Processes.” spikes and bar shot, along with modern artifacts such as lobster traps and fishing Stephanie Gandulla, “The Swedish Sailor’s Table: A Study of ’s poles. Wooden Tableware.” Perhaps the best part about the field school was the opportunity to explore a Phil Hartmeyer, “Passengers, Packages, and Copper: The Steamer Pewabic, mysterious wreck with an unknown his- Its Archaeology, Management, Material Culture, and the Development of torical background. The National Park the Keweenaw Peninsula.” Service staff that assisted us throughout the project were excited to watch as we Whitney Petrey, “Weapemeoc Shores: The Loss of Traditional Maritime Culture uncovered more of the wreck than they Among the Weapemeoc Indians.” had ever seen. Overall, the project was a success, de- Stephen Sanchagrin, “A View Through the Periscope: Advanced and Geospatial spite the tenacious mosquitoes. Students Visualization of Naval Battlefields.” were able to meet fellow archaeologists, including some alumni from the pro- Laurel Seaborn, “Seafaring Women: An Investigation of Material Culture for gram. Our extreme gratitude goes to Potential Archaeological Diagnostics of Women on Nineteenth-Century the National Park Service for allowing Sailing Ships.” us to camp on the island and for pro- viding boats, a tank-filling station, and Lucas Simonds, “A Determination Worthy of a Better Cause: Naval Action other general support for the duration of At the Battle of Roanoke Island 7 February 1862.” the program. Thank you also to Joshua Marano for captaining our boat and Jessica Smeeks, “Characterizing the Deceased Mariners of the Swedish Warship thanks to Jason Nunn, our ever helpful Vasa: An Analysis of Personal Possessions Found in Association with and patient dive safety officer, for keep- Human Remains.” ing us safe and in a good mood. – Melissa Price

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 9 This was a complex and subjective aids in offering an example of the posi- Economics topic. It entailed meeting with Office of tives of increased sanctuary boundar- continued from page 7 Marine Sanctuaries staff to discuss the ies. Boundary expansion is already tak- process and methodology used in assem- ing place in the Thunder Bay National public interaction and awareness leads bling previous research. Using their input Marine Sanctuary, which has similar to protection and conservation of the and my own feelings regarding cultural cultural resources. Increased NOAA pro- resources. To begin analysis of this idea, resources, I established a theoretical tection and local involvement offered by the “Graveyard of the Atlantic” region model to help evaluate the economic po- an increased boundary could prove to was used as the basis for my study. Prior tential of the “Graveyard of the Atlantic.” be a positive economic endeavor for the to my involvement this summer, studies The cultural landscape of this region is “Graveyard of the Atlantic” region. created by staff from NOAA National very diverse and tourists flock to this This was a great learning opportunity Marine Sanctuary and Monitor National region year after year to experience a because the work on this project applies Marine Sanctuary provided the basic wide variety of resources, which exhibits firsthand, practical use of our course of information for my analysis. This infor- increasing economic potential. This was study at ECU. Economic evaluation of mation outlined the social and demo- reflected in my final analysis through the our cultural landscape, particularly in graphic structure of the “Graveyard of fact that the cultural resources in this North Carolina, shows great potential the Atlantic” as well as the rich cultural region are world-renowned and provide for increased public use in a sustainable history of the region. This region includ- opportunities for economic use. manner. Attempting to illustrate the ed the entire coastline of North Carolina Coinciding with my work, NOAA is value of our resources is not as easy as and parts of Virginia. My project was to in the process of asking for new nomi- putting a dollar sign next to each one. attempt to merge the available informa- nations of areas to designate as sanctu- Demonstrating that opportunities are tion to create a means to understand the aries. Currently, the boundaries of the available to the public for further re- economic value of the cultural landscape Monitor National Marine Sanctuary source engagement may arouse interest that is available to residents and visitors are being considered for expansion and in the rich history this region offers. in this region. the information provided in my report – Will Sassorossi ECU Maritimers Receive Awards and Internships

Stem to Stern is pleased to announce news of the following awards and internships:

Jeremy Borrelli Thomas Lacey Currituck County Maritime Heritage Fellowship Barbara and Matthew Landers Graduate Fellowship in History (Outer Banks, NC) Ivor Mollema Ryan Bradley Internship with IZIKO Maritime Centre (Cape Town) Currituck County Maritime Heritage Fellowship (Outer Banks, NC) Mateusz Polakowski Bodo Nischan Memorial Graduate Scholarship in History Nicholas DeLong Internship with RPM Nautical Foundation (Sicily and Albania) Internship at Naval History and Heritage Command (Washington, DC) Melissa Price Evelyn and Joseph Boyette Graduate Fellowship in History Justin Edwards Paul Murray Graduate History Scholarship Lawrence F. Brewster Graduate Fellowship in History James Pruitt William Fleming Admiral Ernest M. Eller Scholarship in Modern Naval History Barbara and Matthew Landers Graduate Fellowship in History Internship at Naval History and Heritage Command (Washington, DC) Kara Fox Internship with The National Park Service’s Submerged Jeneva Wright Resource Center Biscayne National Park Cultural Resource Internship (Florida)

Nathaniel King Richard C. Todd Phi Alpha Theta Scholarship William H. & Mary Q. Tuttle Scholarship in History

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 10 Stem to Stern • On the Job - Northern Outer Banks of Currituck County the actual surface and textures of the boat. At long last, a vessel emerged. It took every bit of the eight weeks of the fellowship to com- plete the project. In addition to fieldwork, the research fellows met with individu- elli rr als who possessed invaluable information pertaining to the construc- o B

emy tion, design and use of these vernacular craft. They also spoke with r e J d the public on a regular basis as they carried out the field-recording an

ley portion of the project in full display of the visiting summer crowds. d a r

B A tremendous amount of coordination, organization, and enthusi- yan

: R asm went into this project from a number of contributing parties and

hotos the end product speaks of this. The completed models and reports P Ryan and Jeremy use a total station to record points. will be used for future research, education, and outreach projects at Corolla. A special thanks goes out to some of the major players in Graduate maritime students Jeremy Borrelli and Ryan Bradley making this summer and this program a veritable success. They in- spent the summer of 2014 researching on the Outer Banks of clude: Ann Sensibaugh, Ray Meiggs, Carl Ross, Travis Morris, Joe North Carolina. The two second-year students received the annual and Donna Stvartak, and all the employees of Whalehead, as well as Currituck County Maritime Heritage Fellowship. This joint initia- Dr. Nancy White and Dr. Nathan Richards. tive, made up of the UNC-Coastal Studies Institute, Whalehead – Ryan Bradley and Jeremy Borrelli Preservation Trust, and Outer Banks Conservationists, LLC, provides graduate students with an opportunity to conduct research in the Northern Outer Banks of Currituck County. This year, the fellows focused on locally constructed small craft housed in the Whalehead Preservation Trust’s boat collection in Historic Corolla. One of the vessels, a twenty-one foot long gas boat formerly owned by Earl Slick of Pine Island and Narrows Island Hunting Clubs, is the last concave tunnel boat built by locally renowned build- er Pat O’Neil. The concave tunnel design has potential ties to the WWII Higgins Boat used most notably during the D-Day Invasion. The defining characteristic of this wooden craft is the unique tun- nel hull shape that utilizes the twisting transition of the hull planks at amidships, which bend out and up, forming a tunnel that increases the efficiency of the engine and hull. This particular adaptation is properly suited for the shallow waters of the Currituck Sound, which range from a max of five or six feet to mere inches. The second vessel recorded was the thirty-two foot shad boat once owned by Ambrose “Hambone” Twiford of Currituck County. This boat, built in 1906 by celebrated builder W. Otis Dough of Manteo, North Carolina, is one of the few remaining examples of a North Carolina Shad Boat. In 1986, the North Carolina General Assembly recognized the shad boat as the state’s Official Historic Boat for its versatility, resilience, and design unique to North Carolina. This boat, like many built after the first decade of the 20th century, had an engine in place of a sailing rig. Both vessels are not seaworthy anymore but are fully restored for display purposes in the Currituck Heritage Park. The fresh paint and fiberglass patches made recording the vessels challenging. Despite these obstacles, the two fellows were able to digitally record both ves- sels using a total station. Once the numerous points were collected, they were exported to the Rhinoceros 3D computer program. It was in Rhino3D where the business of connecting the dots began. The dots were connected using lines and curves, surfaces were inserted between the curves, and finally the surfaces were rendered to recreate A North Carolina shad boat as portrayed in the Rhino3D program.

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 11 On the Job - South Africa During ECU’s study abroad program a number of museums such as the South of Bato by a Hungarian organization known in South Africa, several members of the African Maritime Museum, the Castle, the as . Most of these artifacts were Program in Maritime Studies participated in Springbok Rugby Experience, Robben not registered under the accession system archaeological surveys of Bato (1806) and Island, and the South African Parliament. developed by IZIKO. The entire Bato col- Brunswick (1805). Both wrecks are located After Cape Town, the group spent a few days lection was photographed and archived and close to the shore at Simon’s Town, South at the Cape Point Nature Preserve where a selection of artifacts from the Brunswick Africa. The surveys were collection was also pho- completed during several tographed and recorded. days in July. Bato was a Students also engaged Dutch seventy-four- in historical research in gun ship of the line and Cape Town and Simon’s Brunswick was a British Town. Contemporary East Indiaman. Justin newspapers provided Edwards, Nathaniel extra information on the King, Ivor Mollema, site formation of both James Smailes, and Dr. Bato and Brunswick. In Lynn Harris were key June 1806, American participants in the sur- salvagers recovered vey. Tara van Niekerk Brunswick’s cargo, Bato’s ing K

and Stephanie-Anne rudder, and iron work Barnardt of the South from both wrecks. athaniel N African Heritage : Information at the hoto

Resource Agency P Simon’s Town Museum (SAHRA) assisted the From left to right: Justin Edwards, William Cheek, James Smailes, Nathaniel King, Chris provided insight about Deyncourt, Ivor Mollema, Dr. Lynn Harris, Dr. Ken Wilburn. Not pictured: Angie Carlson participants. Jaco Boshoff previous work complet- and Jake Harding of the ed on both wrecks. Research IZIKO Maritime Centre provided assistance they toured the Cape Point Lighthouse and at the National Archives branch in Cape after the fieldwork was completed and Pisces surveyed SS Thomas T. Tucker, an American Town revealed the arrival and departure Divers provided continuous support during Liberty Ship that ran aground in 1942 while dates of both ships and records at SAHRA the diving operations. convoying to Suez, Egypt. Surveying the documented a previous survey of Bato. The faculty taught courses that covered shipwreck was the first exposure for ac- After diving on the shipwrecks, participants the archaeology, history, and maritime cul- companying undergraduates, as well as rendezvoused with some undergradu- tural landscape of South Africa. The study Clive de Bruyne of Cape Town Tour Guide ates and drove five hours to Mosselbaai, abroad program began in Cape Town with Company, to maritime archaeology. where they were able to cage dive with great visits to the Langa township, where partici- Maritime students then prepared to white sharks! They also toured the Dias pants toured the area and learned about the investigate Bato and Brunswick, with the Caravel Museum, which houses a replica difficulties of life in post-apartheid South majority of completed in of Bartolomeu Dias’ caravel. The replica Africa. The next few days were spent touring three days. Divers on Bato mapped, pho- caravel sailed from Portugal to South Africa tographed, and labeled visible frames, in the 1980s. From Mosselbaai, the group ceiling, and hull planking. Scantling mea- returned to Cape Town to bid farewell to surements of each plank and frame were the outstanding guide and return home recorded, after which timber samples to Greenville. After experiencing South were collected. Several pieces of copper Africa’s amazing culture, participants were and an anchor were also documented. grateful for the opportunity to partake in a Brunswick was mapped and labeled, with study abroad such as this. The study abroad special attention paid to the exposed iron was a great success for ECU and provided knees. With the completion of fieldwork, data for several conference papers and a is rr a the students began an artifact analysis of thesis. Nathaniel King, Ivor Mollema, and H

ynn

L the sites. The IZIKO Maritime Centre Dr. Lynn Harris will present papers on the . r

: D stored the artifacts from previous proj- investigations at the Society for Historical hoto

P ects, including an NAS investigation of Archaeology conference in January. Ivor Mollema takes wood samples from shipwreck Bato. Brunswick and a previous investigation – Nathaniel King and Ivor Mollema

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 12 Stem to Stern • On the Job - , Florida During the summer of 2014, seven program, began maritime students, led by East Carolina working at the habi- University’s dive safety officer Jason Nunn, tat several weeks in had the opportunity to intern with Florida advance to help set International University’s Aquarius Reef up for Cousteau’s Base, one of the world’s only remaining un- upcoming mission derwater habitats. The National Oceanic and remained there and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) throughout the fol- established the Aquarius Reef Base in 1986, lowing lengthy op- which is located in the National eration. Tom Horn, Marine Sanctuary, near . The another return- University of North Carolina Wilmington ing veteran of the

led operations for Aquarius until 2013 when Aquarius internship n r o H Florida International University gained man- program, worked om T agement of the . the duration of the : hoto Students Greg Stratton, Tom Horn, mission and spent P Jeremy Borrelli, Ryan Bradley, Jim Pruitt, thirty-one rigorous Ryan Bradley poses in front of the habitat. Ivor Mollema, and Nicholas DeLong days assisting the high- participated as support divers for Fabian ly publicized venture. NASA, and a range of scientific programs. Cousteau’s . Cousteau, grand- The other students from ECU’s maritime These organizations have worked closely son of famous oceanographer and explorer program assisted for shorter durations. Ryan with Aquarius and FIU for a number of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, and Mission 31 Bradley and Jeremy Borrelli began working years. Due to the unique environment of the planned to spend a record-setting thirty- for the habitat at the start of Mission 31 and submerged habitat, Aquarius provides divers one days underwater in an attempt to study remained there for twenty-one days while and scientists the ability to saturate, which the drastic effects of humans on marine Nicholas DeLong, Ivor Mollema, and Jim allows them to conduct operations and stud- life. Mission 31 employed the expertise of Pruitt worked the remaining ten days. ies underwater for an extended period of scientists from Massachusetts Institute of East Carolina University’s involvement time, something standard Technology, Northeastern University, and with the Aquarius internship program was does not allow. Florida International University. ECU’s mar- kick started in the summer of 2013 by Jason ECU plans to continue its beneficial itime students provided assistance, along- Nunn, a former staff member of Aquarius. relationship with Aquarius, which provides side several U.S. Navy Divers and Aquarius The internship program provides an excel- a unique and educational experience for staff members, for a wide variety of jobs and lent opportunity for ECU students to gain students looking to pursue diving related tasks, which included topside support for valuable diving operation experience with a careers. the habitat and its . These tasks variety of organizations such as the US Navy, – Nicholas DeLong included conducting potting runs, clean- ing of the external hull of the habitat, escorting VIP divers to and from the habitat, assembling underwater train- ing structures, and supervising the HQ’s topside monitoring station. Potting runs, which were one of the primary duties for the support divers, are essential to any operation because supplies, such as fresh water, food, and electronic gear, must be taken to and from the habitat inside large pressurized containers. While the main objectives of the mission took place over a span of thirty- staff

ius one days, this large-scale operation took r qua A years of planning and weeks of prepara- : hoto tion to launch. Greg Stratton, a return- P ing veteran of the Aquarius internship From left: Fabian Cousteau, Tom Horn, Ivor Mollema, Nicholas DeLong, Jason Nunn, Hoyt McCallany, Greg Stratton, James Pruitt

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 13 On the Job - Submerged Resource Center The blue waters and white sandy beach- to gather data for characterizing the ocean sensing datasets, the data was imported, es of the Gulf Island National Seashore bottom within the park waters. They were processed, and added to an expanding sonar (GUIS) are home to a wide variety of ma- briefed on remote sensing survey equip- mosaic of the surveyed area. Once the sur- rine life, environmental species, and cultural ment, processing software, diving proce- vey was finished, the completed mosaic was sites that are recreationally, histori- analyzed and interpreted for potential cally, and intrinsically treasured. On patterns or features of interest. These April 20, 2010, this area, along with features were identified and labeled for the rest of the Gulf coastline, be- the second phase of the project: diver came threatened by the effects of visual investigations. The diving opera- the catastrophic oil spill from the tions involved scuba diving, - Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion ing, and tow-boarding potential areas in the Gulf of Mexico. Four years of oil accumulation that were identi- later, evidence of the damage still fied within the sonar data. Dive teams lingers as remnants of the oil spill would search each target site for signs

continue to wash ashore the beaches S of oil accumulation in the form of sand P of the Gulf. N discoloration, dark materials, and ir- RC/ S In response to the 2010 : regularities of the ocean bottom. When hotos Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the P potential samples were identified, div- Department of Interior has entered SRC divers being deployed over a target. ers recorded the time and location of the Natural Resource Damage their discovery, any additional notes Assessment phase to evaluate the extent of dures, and boat protocol. about the samples themselves, and the con- long-term damage to resources caused by The GUIS project operations were split text of their environment. The initial results the spilled oil. The National Park Service’s into two phases. The first phase utilized re- of the project produced negative findings Submerged Resource Center (SRC) part- mote sensing capabilities, designed to find for oil accumulation. The project, however, nered with the GUIS in a study funded by geological features such as deep sand waves, accounted for limited visual investigations British Petroleum to hunt for suspected oil berms, or cultural materials that could trap and conclusive findings have not yet been accumulation. The project was intended to or accumulate oil remnants. The interns determined within the confines of the sur- investigate potential areas of submerged oil were expected to assist with the acquisition, veyed area or the rest of the park boundar- mat (SOM) formation that are within the interpretation, and processing of remote ies. Recent large SOM findings along GUIS GUIS park boundaries. beaches indicate that larger oil accu- So why, one might ask, is a team mulations are likely present within the of underwater archaeologists look- park boundaries. ing for oil? The field of underwater While the project was unsuccessful archaeology is fundamentally mul- at finding accumulated oil, it proved to tidisciplinary, requiring a combina- be an invaluable experience for the in- tion of skills ranging from history terns. As underwater archaeology grad- to geology, from remote sensing to uate students, both Fox and Glickman scuba sciences. Thus, underwater were given the unique opportunity to archaeologists and the SRC team are learn about remote sensing method- uniquely equipped with specialized ologies, boatmanship, and underwater equipment and skill sets that make sciences. The SRC often facilitates them an invaluable multidisciplinary internships through individual parks, a asset, and the perfect delegate for SRC intern Kara Fox examines an extracted sample in a plastic bag. summer-long internship through Our underwater resource management- World Underwater Scholarship Society both cultural and natural! sensing datasets. This entailed gaining ex- (OWUSS), and occasionally offers intern- During the summer of 2014, East perience with various surveying software ships with the SRC team itself. Students Carolina University’s Kara Fox and and the troubleshooting, handling, and who are interested in working with National University of Rhode Island’s Jessica deployment of remote sensing equipment. Park Service submerged resources should Glickman were invited to join the SRC Additional duties included driving survey ask their advisor to contact the SRC staff, team for a two-month long project. Fox and lines and operating SRC’s research vessel, and also keep an eye out for upcoming 2015 Glickman assisted the team by utilizing re- Cal Cummings. internship opportunities. mote sensing and scuba diving capabilities Following the acquisition of remote – Kara Fox

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 14 Stem to Stern • In the Field - Rockly Bay, Tobago

My summer fieldwork was noth- ing less than an adventure. During the month of June, I returned to the southern Caribbean island of Tobago for the sec- ond time to take part in the survey and excavation of Rockly Bay, off the mod- ern day port city of Scarborough. Dr. Kroum Batchvarov of the University of Connecticut, in conjunction with INA, leads the Rockly Bay Research Project. nglis I The goal of the survey was to find ship- oug

wrecks related to a naval battle in 1677 : D

between the French and the Dutch. The hotos P Dutch successfully defended their assets Team members of Rockly Bay Research Project aboard M/V Blu Spartan. on the island against the French fleet af- ter a costly battle. Rockly Bay, now more The excavation was initially slow go- two-story building was equipped with commonly called the Port of Scarborough, ing, beginning with probing and scouting bathrooms, showers, and a kitchen, with is rich with cultural material from centu- of other targets, construction and place- the overall goal to create the country’s ries of colonial history and locating the ment of moorings, and establishing the first conservation lab for underwater ar- ships from this specific battle has proved extremities of the shipwreck site. This chaeology. The governments of Trinidad somewhat challenging. A remote sensing allowed for the removal of any uncertain- and Tobago funded the building, antici- survey conducted for the project in the ties about other targets, keeping our focus pating that it will be used both off-season spring and investigation of a number of on the obvious shipwreck. Artifacts and and after the Rockly Bay Research Project the bigger targets revealed the location the wreck’s location in the bay have led is concluded. of numerous iron cannons concreted to a Dr. Batchvarov to believe that the wreck is Another facet of the project involved . This site was eventually deter- undoubtedly Dutch, and most likely the public outreach and politics. I was fortu- mined to be a shipwreck and became the fifty-six-gun Huis de Kruiningen. Artifacts nate to meet the Dutch Ambassador to primary excavation this season. were eventually recovered for inspection Trinidad and Tobago, as well as several and documentation and deposited other officials during a number of meet- back into an excavation trench at the ings and negotiations involving manage- end of the season. ment of the project. I also met local poli- One recording method used on the ticians and the local historic trust. The site was structure from motion (SFM). highlight of this effort was a visit from SFM is a three-dimensional mapping local students and press in which we pro- technique that is similar to creating vided an introduction to the project and photo mosaics. Three-dimensional the new archaeology building that their models are constructed from sequenc- government sponsored. es of photographs using a computer Overall, my experience with the proj- program, which compiles and stitches ect was amazing. The benefits of working images to form a cloud of points. This with a small team allowed me to partici- point cloud can then be transformed pate in different roles and work closely into a mesh and given a texture. The with each team member. Between the scale of our models ranged from small diving conditions, the number of finds, concretions and artifacts to larger sec- and the potential of the bay and the ship- tions of the site. wreck, it will be fascinating to see what Our rotating team, usually no the next field season uncovers. I would more than eight people, used a newly like to thank Dr. Batchvarov for allowing constructed and sparsely decorated me to participate this summer and I hope

Thomas Lacey takes photographs over building inside the protection of the to rejoin him again next year. the excavation trench. port as the base of operations. The – Thomas Lacey

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 15 On the Job - Biscayne National Park, Florida Coastal impacts of climate change are sites. This year’s internship focused on the Additionally, this project offered an op- highly significant to the resource managers documentation of particularly high-risk portunity to participate in two major site of Biscayne National Park. The prospect sites and created modeling and planning stabilization projects: the reburial of the of preserving archaeological sites in the options for Park managers seeking to man- HMS Fowey and monitoring inundation face of a changing global climate and its age the impacts of climate change to these of a terrestrial prehistoric Tequesta Indian corresponding impacts to underwater and non-renewable cultural resources. burial mound. A key product of Jeneva’s coastal regions is especially challenging. The internship began with the suc- internship was the compilation of a GIS As a National Park Service and Geological cessful completion of the Blue Card as- overlay that presents visual planning data Society of America Mosaics in Science sessment, a diving and swimming exam and confidence modeling for the inunda- intern, Jeneva Wright spent three months required for documenting and monitoring imperiled all NPS div- sites by surveying ongoing climate change ing personnel. impacts to shoreline and submerged ar- Once certified chaeological remains. as an NPS diver, Biscayne National Park offers a perfect Jeneva’s next opportunity to research archaeological step was to com- sites and their vulnerabilities. Located plete condition south of Miami, Florida, the Park bound- assessments on e c vi

aries include many islands between Key archaeological r e S

k r

Largo and Key Biscayne, the northern sites. Sites are a Florida Coral Reef tract, and the longest scheduled for P ational N

mangrove shoreline in the eastern United these monitor- / States. It holds a variety of prehistoric, ing visits based malley S colonial, and American historical sites and on determined asmeen

is home to a vast collection of shipwrecks, threats, both Y :

fitting for a predominately marine park. natural and hu- hotos P These sites are endangered by accel- man, and thus Jeneva works with Charlie Sproul of NPS SEAC.

the assessments, tion of terrestrial sites, as well as reporting including de- corresponding research on the impending tailed photog- impacts of climate change to Biscayne’s re- raphy, written sources. Additionally, she was able to par- observations, and ticipate in many of the other cultural re- ongoing mainte- source projects at Biscayne National Park, nance of the NPS such as working with archaeologists from Archeological the NPS Submerged Resources Center Site Management and Southeast Archeological Center. Information This internship was an incredible System (ASMIS), learning opportunity. The development provided base- of practical skills such as GIS competency, line data on sites’ terrestrial archaeological methods, and the Jeneva surveys a site in Biscayne National Park. conditions. Data operation of small watercraft in the open on some sites has ocean were highly beneficial (and only erating sea level rise, increases in storm accumulated for thirty years—essential occasionally terrifying). Moreover, prac- surge frequency and intensity, and shifting information for determining changes in ticing archaeology with some of the best sediment dynamics and erosion. Shoreline site exposure or deterioration. professionals in the field was an invaluable sites could be swept away with increased Research into the geomorphology and opportunity to build professional abilities tidal surges or outright inundation. The past damage assessments of particularly and to contribute to the protection and disruption of sand cover, seagrass protec- vulnerable and historically significant preservation of cultural heritage resources. tion, and increasing ocean acidification sites assisted in building understand- can threaten the stability of submerged ing for the sites’ continued preservation. – Jeneva Wright

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 16 Stem to Stern • On the Job - Parris Island Canoe and Exhibit Reconstruction In June 2014, Dr. Lynn Harris and graduate students Sonia Valencia and Alyssa Reisner were involved in ending the long conservation and preservation journey of a canoe to be exhib- ited in South Carolina at the Parris Island Museum. In 1988, Mr. James Cooler, a Beaufort, SC resident, first discovered the wooden canoe in the marsh along the shoreline of Parris Island, SC. Since 1915, the island has served as the site of a United States Marine Corps Recruit Depot (MCRD). The vessel was claimed as federal property and Marines from the depot recovered it. The canoe broke during recovery and con- tinued to fragment while in storage. Beta Analytic identified the wood as eastern white pine and dated it to approximately 590 years old (AD 1300-1420). According to some archaeological sources, Native Americans may have produced the canoe dur- ing the Late Woodland period. The canoe fragments were stored in various South Carolina repositories before being sent to Tidewater Atlantic Research in North Carolina, where they were conserved using polyethylene glycol. In 2011, the fragments were shipped to the Maryland Archaeological Conservation Laboratory for treatment in a freeze dryer and were then returned to South Carolina for eventual display in the Parris Island Museum. The museum houses exhibits that focus on maritime history and the his- tory of the island from the Paleo-Indian period to the present. Recognizing the educational potential of this prospective ex- hibit, Dr. Stephen Wise (Parris Island Museum Director and Cultural Resource Manager) offered the opportunity to gain

valuable museum work experience to the two Maritime Studies ) d

graduate students under the guidance of Dr. Harris. The Parris slan I

is rr

Island Historical and Museum Society funded the restoration a - P

and exhibition of this canoe. iey c o S Dr. Harris, Reisner, and Valencia first visited Parris Island in useum

May 2013 to measure, photograph, document, draw, and digi- M & tize the canoe fragments. They noted possible tool and burn al c i r

marks and recorded potential footprints on certain areas of isto H ,

the wood. Though many pieces were missing, the team docu- AO (P r a mented eighteen canoe fragments and matched them based on j i H . E shape, color, thickness, and wood grain pattern in order to rec- ge r reate a best-fit structure of the original canoe. The three visited eo G again for a week in December 2013, joined by volunteer Andy : hoto P Holloway. They documented the canoe fragments in greater Putting the finishing touches on the canoe display case. detail before stitching them together with plastic cable ties. A third and final visit was made to Parris Island in June ties and give the exhibit a more natural look. Before the final unveil- 2014 by Dr. Harris, her daughter Leigh Harris, Holloway, ing of the exhibit, Dr. Harris, Reisner, and Valencia presented at the Reisner, and Valencia. After further documentation of the ca- MCRD to discuss the Program in Maritime Studies, cultural resource noe, the students and volunteers assembled the canoe’s display management aspects of preserving prehistoric and historic canoes, and case in the Parris Island Museum. Once assembled, the vessel the process of preserving the Parris Island canoe. Further information measured roughly six meters in length and eighty centime- regarding the Parris Island canoe is being documented as a case study ters in beam at the preserved extremity. Using plastic netting in Reisner’s thesis. The canoe is now officially on display in the Parris and PVC pipes as a platform, the group carefully transported Island Museum, where it will convey a greater understanding and ap- the assembled canoe to the museum. They used oyster shells, preciation of the culture from which it originated. marsh grass, and sand in the display in order to cover the cable – Alyssa Reisner

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 17 On the Job - Back to RPM This past field season, I returned to cameras was used to create photomosaics amphora and gently extract artifacts, sedi- the Adriatic Sea as a member of the RPM and 3D models of the sites. ment, or any critters that had found a home Nautical Foundation team and took part in This year’s season I was given the re- inside the amphora. I was outfitted with a their ongoing archaeological research aboard sponsibility of directing the sector scan- glove zip-tied at the wrist and my arm was R/V Hercules. In recent years, conflicts along ner missions aboard the ship in addition to triple saran-wrapped. Regardless, on my first the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea shifted working on the AUV and ROV operations. reach in, I felt like Willie Scott reaching into focus away from the region’s cultural heritage This involved managing the operations on the unknown to find an ancient lever. In the and in turn prevented archaeo- end, we retrieved multiple am- logical research from being con- phora sherds, several river peb- ducted. Now that these countries bles, and a bucket full of shells have begun to thrive once again, and other organisms. The razor however, maritime archaeolo- clams on the interior neck of the gists are able to conduct further amphora shredded my “” research in order to close the gaps but I thankfully came away with in this region’s archaeological only a few scrapes and fire worm record. This is exactly the aim of bristles. the RPM Nautical Foundation. The journey back to Malta I boarded R/V Hercules in was a long one. Once we arrived Trapani, Sicily and was present it was straight back to work, this mith S for the 2014 season’s final ROV time assisting Hydrographic iz L missions on the site of the battle : Geologic Informatics Survey of the Egadi Islands. We then set photo Solutions with their Seafloor Kelci Martinsen and Derek Smith ready to launch Ocean Serve AUV. sail for Saranda, Albania. The Exploration Training Course. route we followed was very similar The course focused on seafloor to the course ancient sailors followed. The the bridge, on the deck, and in the lab. This surveying technologies and seafloor data voyage took us along the northern coast of leadership role was an amazing opportunity processing but also emphasized the impor- Sicily, through the Straits of Messina and to gain more experience with sector scanning tance of collaboration between geophysics, along the southern coast of Italy. Once we and it also allowed me to develop a greater , archaeology, and biology. It reached the eastern tip of Italy we crossed sense of self-confidence in my leadership was very rewarding to be able to share my over to Saranda, Albania. It was exhilarating skills. I am extremely grateful for the oppor- knowledge of sector scanning and ROV to retrace the steps of ancient maritime cul- tunity to further develop my skills in addi- operations with such an enthusiastic group tures and allowed me to better understand tion to acquiring more data for thesis work. of students. Not only was I able to gain valu- the difficulties the sailors encountered. Throughout my time aboard R/V able teaching experience, but I also learned Once on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Hercules, we were able to map sixteen known the ways by which sonar technologies used Sea, we began sector scan, AUV, and ROV sites for which mapping had previously not in different disciplines can be applied to my operations. The AUV was used to survey been completed and we discovered two own archaeological work. large areas that had not previously been new shipwreck sites. The new sites com- Overall, I am grateful to have been documented, as well as for mapping known prised of Roman ships carrying cargoes of given the opportunities to take part in sites. Data collected in previous seasons us- Lamboglia 2 style amphorae. Using the ROV, several exciting projects this summer in ing a multibeam sonar system, as well as the we retrieved one amphora for sampling addition to gaining valuable knowledge newly collected data from the AUV, was then purposes. It was amazing to experience be- and experience in the field. I would like to analyzed in order to identify potential tar- ing one of the first people in thousands of thank the RPM Nautical Foundation, the gets. The sector scanner was used to docu- years to handle this amphora. Cameron, a governments of Albania, Montenegro, and ment potential targets in order to determine colleague, and myself were tasked with the Croatia, Dr. Jeffrey Royal, George Robb Jr., whether the targets need to be investigated job to clean, document, and photograph the Derek Smith, Cameron Hutchins, William with the ROV. The sector scanner was also amphora. We spent multiple days chiseling Glatt, Graham Nickerson, Dr. Aaron used to map known sites with poor visibility. thousands of years of biological material Micallef, Dr. Giuseppe Di Grigoli, Loren The ROV was used for ground-truthing, de- from the exterior of the amphora. Once the Clark, Ily Ilgesias, as well as Kathryn and termining whether a target was a site of inter- outside of the amphora was cleaned, it was Gerry for making these opportunities pos- est or not, as well as for documenting sites. time for the messiest portion to begin: clean- sible and I look forward to working with The ROV was equipped with four cameras ing the interior of the artifact. Since I had the them again on future projects. and the extensive footage obtained from the smallest arms, it was my job to reach into the – Kelci Martinsen

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 18 Stem to Stern • ollema M

vor I : photo

Mateusz and Dr. Rodgers record total station points for a bathymetric map. In the Field - War of 1812 on Mackinac Island It is not often that we have a chance several pop tops from Coke cans, the oc- in hostel-style housing close to down- to conduct fieldwork in a tourist hot- casional horseshoe, and various parts of town. Our site, however, was a four-mile spot. East Carolina’s blackwater divers are snowmobiles that slipped through the bike ride to the other side of the island. used to secluded riverbeds and choppy ice during the winter. Nevertheless, we Luckily, we had a small field house close offshore work on the Carolina coast. This recorded the archaeological information, to the site, limiting the amount of gear we fall, a lucky handful of students spent the taking careful measurements with a Total transported on a daily basis. The week- beginning of fall in the mirror-like Lake Station recording system. We mapped the ends were spent enjoying the island and Huron on Mackinac Island. artifacts, the shoreline, major landmarks visiting Fort Holmes and Fort Mackinac Students Mateusz Polakowski, Ivor in the area, and bathymetric depths of on the island, and Fort Michilimackinac Mollema, Nicholas DeLong, and crew the water. The data was then displayed on the mainland. The trip also included chief Chelsea Freeland joined Dr. Brad with Rhinoceros 3D modeling software. a jaunt down to NOAA’s Thunder Bay Rodgers to survey areas of interest on the The most gratifying work was our National Marine Sanctuary to check out coast of the small island. The pre-distur- public outreach component. Four snor- the museum and catch up with several bance survey was funded by an American kelers with metal detectors and survey ECU alumni. Battlefield Protection Program Grant equipment were enough to produce puz- The project was ultimately a success, issued to the NPO Inland Seas Institute zled looks and questions from visitors. though post-processing is still underway. and had aims of identifying possible cul- Talking to the public was satisfying, even We were able to experience Mackinac tural heritage from the British Landing though we were in and on a tight Island in such a way that the hordes of site, the location of invasion during the schedule. tourists do not regularly see: from under War of 1812. We found very little related Living on Mackinac Island was an in- the cool, but calm, waters of Lake Huron. to 1812, and most of the “artifacts” were teresting experience for all. Thanks to the modern. This sample includes quarters, Mackinac State Park, we were able to stay – Chelsea Freeland

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 19 On the Job - Ocracoke Island, North Carolina For many students in the Program Quasi-War with France. In 1806, the ships then stored in salt-water baths aboard the in Maritime Studies, summer equates a were assigned to conduct a survey of the USCG cutter Smilax to await documenta- time for researching and collecting data coastline of North Carolina in an effort tion. Each artifact was eventually mea- for their thesis. In May 2014, Dr. Lynn to make the area safer for shipping, but a sured, digitized, and photographed. Harris led students Hoyt Alexander, September hurricane caused the cutters This collaborative project provided Bernard , Adam Parker, Alyssa and numerous other vessels to wreck in students the opportunity to gain valuable Reisner, and Sonia Valencia to Ocracoke Ocracoke Inlet. field experience that was related to mari- Island to survey the possible locations of The sites are significant because they time themes and intertwined with local Revenue Service Cutters Diligence III and represent an early attempt by the United history. Survey areas no deeper than four Governor Williams. Maritimers collabo- States Government to improve shipping feet made diving unnecessary and allowed rated with William Thiesen (Coast Guard lanes. If positively identified, Governor participants to make use of snorkel gear Historian), David Moore (Archaeologist, Williams would be one of the first ar- which was much lighter and easier to pack! North Carolina Maritime Museum), the chaeologically documented galleys in the Additionally, this project provided experi- United States Coast Guard (USCG), and New World. In 2013, the North Carolina ence working alongside multiple stake- members of the non-profit group Surface Maritime Museum conducted magnetom- holders, each with various research and Interval Diving Company (SIDCO). eter surveys of the area and found targets logistical goals. There is much work to be Revenue Service Cutters served as of interest that were hypothesized to be the done on the sites and further research will armed maritime law enforcement to pro- jettisoned guns from Diligence III. allow positive identification of the sites tect coasts from smugglers. Diligence III, During the 2014 field season, team and associated artifacts. a schooner, was commissioned in 1803 members relocated the target sites and Thank you to Dr. William Thiesen, (after its predecessors were retired) and conducted handheld magnetometer sur- Coast Guard Historian, for including ECU most likely resembled other cutters used veys and line searches to delineate the site in this initiative. during the early 19th century. Governor parameters. The team then used a dredge – Hoyt Alexander, Bernard Howard, Williams, a galley, was built in 1798 for and jet probe to carefully expose the sites Adam Parker, Alyssa Reisner, and the Navy Department and transferred to for further evaluation. Students recovered Sonia Valencia the U.S. Revenue Service in 1802 after the iron, wood, and brick artifacts that were arris H

ynn L . r D : hoto P Participants conduct a line search near areas of interest in Ocracoke Inlet.

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 20 Stem to Stern • ECU attendees at the September 2014 Maritime Heritage Conference in Norfolk, VA

com . nc I enic G hoto P . www : hoto P Attendees: Front L to R: Deborah Marx, Dr. John Broadwater, Daniel Bera, Peter McCracken, Dr. Salvatore Mercogliano, Dr. Robert Browning, Dr. William Still, Dr. Raymond Ashley, Sorna Khakzad, Joyce Steinmetz, Sarah Watkins-Kenney, Dr. James Delgado. Back L to R: Nathaniel Howe, Dr. Timothy Runyan, Saxon Bisbee, Emily Powell, David Krop, Dr. Hans Van Tilburg, Dr. Amy Mitchell-Cook, Bruce Terrell, Dr. William Thiesen, Dr. Paul Fontenoy, Dr. Steve Workman, Frank Cantelas, Matthew Lawrence, Dr. John Jensen, Dr. Valerie Grussing, Douglas Jones. Missing from photo: Jeffery Bowdoin, Dr. Kelly Gleason, Joseph Hoyt, Dr. Kurt Knoerl.

SPOTLIGHT ON MARITIMERS

Philip Hartmeyer: Since graduating from ECU, Phil rejoined the crew at Thunder Bay as the Sanctuary’s maritime archaeologist in residence. Researching, educating, protecting, and promoting Thunder Bay’s cultural resources takes priority. This materializes in many ways through research, innovative partnerships, education, and developing local resource stewards. Each day is different and can include remote sensing, ROV deployments, community college instruction, mapping, National Register nominations, buoy maintenance, outreach material development, and administrative tasks.

Joshua Marano: Joshua is a maritime archaeologist working at Biscayne National Park where he assists in the management of the park’s 134 archaeological sites, runs the archaeological site-monitoring program, and manages the park’s conservation lab. He leads an active public outreach program that specifically seeks to work with local non-profit organizations to organize lectures and tours to both disseminate recent archaeological findings and to develop an interest in archaeology and the protection of cultural heritage.

Allison Miller: Allison had the privilege of spending the summer in Stockholm, Sweden. Under the guidance of Dr. Fred Hocker, she studied the archaeological context of the human remains from Vasa. She worked with the original finds records and examined the individual bones themselves. This included temporarily removing the individuals who were on display in the exhibit hall, which would draw an intrigued crowd of onlookers that always asked “Are they real?”

Lucas Simonds: This summer, Lucas began an internship at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris that will last until December. He currently works in the Secretariat of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. Among many things, the secretariat is working this year to raise awareness about the underwater cultural heritage of World War I, much of which is now, after 100 years, coming under the protection of the convention.

Caitlin Zant: As a maritime archaeologist for the Wisconsin Historical Society, Caitlin manages and protects Wisconsin’s shipwrecks and other submerged cultural resources. The previous three months have given Caitlin the opportunity to assist in two major field projects, help complete an NRHP nomination, return a salvaged rudder taken from a protected archaeological district, monitor wreck sites, and complete surveys of multiple recently uncovered shipwrecks in Lake Michigan.

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 21 Ahoy Mates! Welcome to ECU New MA Students in the Program for Maritime Studies

Elise Carroll, from Greenville, North Carolina, grew up traveling to the Outer Banks and to ECU events. She received her Bachelor of Arts from the University of Mississippi, affectionately

known as Ole Miss. Her interest in levenger C

maritime studies stems from her atherine

general interest in history as a child and : K hoto

her open water certification, which P she completed for her high school The new first year students outside Eller House. First row: Sydney Swierenga, Sara Spatafore, Morgan Pierce, Elise Carroll, Allyson Ropp. Second row: James Kinsella, Victoria Kiefer, Bryan Scott Rose, Elizabeth Pratt, Lauren senior project. Her research interests Christian, Emily Schwalbe, Edward Erhart. Third row: Patrick Merrigan, Katherine Clevenger, Kelsey Dwyer, mainly lie in Modern European Ian Hazel, Adewale Oyediran, Mitchell Freitas. Not pictured: Devin Urban. history, specifically German history and World War II. During her free time she enjoys traveling, reading, and Kelsey Dwyer is a bilingual graduate Madison University where he received a diving. of Davidson College in Davidson, North bachelor’s degree in History along with Carolina who studied Anthropology and a minor in Historical Archaeology and Lauren Christian graduated in 2010 Hispanic Studies with a focus in archaeology. lettering as a fullback for the Dukes. His from Saint Mary’s University with a She has been a diver since a young age and interests focus on American naval warfare as double major in History and honors is very excited to practice her passion and well as battlefield archaeology. In his spare Anthropology. Originally hailing from to be a part of the graduate program here at time, Mitchell enjoys competing in lifting Halifax, Nova Scotia, she has worked East Carolina University! She has previously competitions and diving the Virgin Islands. across Canada in CRM archaeology conducted excavations in Croatia, Spain, prior to starting at ECU. Her study Italy, and Ireland, as well as conducting Ian Hazel is originally from the beautiful interests include the fighting Age of Sail ethnographic research throughout Eugene, Oregon. For his undergraduate, in the Atlantic world as well as public Nicaragua. Apart from being an avid fan of he attended Centre College in Danville, engagement and education of maritime Game of Thrones, she enjoys playing the Kentucky and earned his Bachelor of Arts history and archaeology. In her free time, piano, painting, playing field hockey, and with a major in History and a minor in she enjoys hiking, running, being on the being near the water. French. His research interests include the water, and traveling. Royal Navy and the Napoleonic Wars, with Edward Erhart is from a small town in the special emphasis on impressment and its Katherine (Katie) Clevenger is from a Upper Peninsula of Michigan. He received a impact as a social and political issue. In his cattle farm located in southwest Louisiana bachelor’s degree in History from Northern ever-decreasing free time, he enjoys films, and attended Louisiana State University as Michigan University, located on the shore of books, watching football, hiking, craft beer, an undergraduate. She received bachelor’s Lake Superior, and is particularly interested and whiskey. degrees in Anthropology and History and in social reactions to the introduction of a minor in Business Administration. She dreadnoughts into the world’s navies at the Victoria (Tori) Kiefer is from a small town has experience with terrestrial archaeology turn of the twentieth century. Outside of in Indiana. She received her undergraduate in Peru and Macedonia and as an assistant academia, he enjoys spending time with degree from Ball State University where for the Sanisera Field School’s nautical family, sampling foods from around the she majored in Anthropology, focusing archaeology programs in Spain and Italy. world, writing Wikipedia articles, and on Archaeology, and minored in Aquatics. She is interested in how naval warfare playing tennis. During her time at Ball State University she and piracy affected trade in the ancient was employed at the Applied Archaeology Mediterranean. In her spare time, Katie Mitchell Freitas, while originally hailing Laboratories. Her interests include maritime enjoys fishing, kayaking, hunting, and from Camden, South Carolina, grew up archaeology, trade, and material cultures in hiking with her dog. in Ashburn, Virginia. He attended James the Great Lakes. Tori likes to spend her free

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 22 Stem to Stern • time camping, kayaking, and enjoying time an Honors Program graduate, and received after one too many brutal New England with family and friends. a Bachelor of Arts in History with a minor winters. She attributes her love of sixteenth in Spanish. She is interested in the maritime and seventeenth century Atlantic World James M. Kinsella IV was born in culture of Caribbean ports and Spanish history to the many adventures with her Leominster, MA but spent most of his life and British vessels up to 1815. In her free family in St. Augustine, Florida as a child, in Orlando, FL. He holds a B.S. in Criminal time, Morgan enjoys reading fantasy novels, and intends on pursuing that interest by Justice and a B.A. in Anthropology from cooking Italian food, and going for walks. studying early Spanish colonialism. In the University of Central Florida. James has her free time, she enjoys running, reading studied abroad with UCF in the Bahamas Elizabeth (Bettie) Pratt originates historical fiction, and following Premier and has experience in archaeological field from Maryland and attended Western League soccer. work, side scan sonar, GIS, and scientific Carolina University as an undergraduate. diving. In addition he has also completed She received Bachelors of Science in History Sara Spatafore is from Aurora, Illinois, two Maritime Archaeological field schools, and Anthropology, as well as a minor in just outside of . She graduated one with the Lighthouse Archaeological & Leadership. She has worked on terrestrial cum laude with a bachelor’s degree in Maritime Program in St. Augustine, FL and archaeology digs in North Carolina and Italy, Archaeology from the University of the other with the Maritime Archaeological as well as interning for the Naval History Evansville. She has worked and lived in a & Historical Society in Key Largo, FL. and Heritage Command’s Underwater wide range of places including America, James is an active scuba diver and his Archaeology Branch at the Washington Hungary, Italy, and Spain. Her main interest research interests include both Irish and Naval Yard, Washington D.C. Her interests is the relationship of the Etruscans with the American Maritime History. include the transition from sail to steam, sea and their neighbors particularly through the world wars, and technological advances trade, warfare, and piracy. In her free time, Patrick Merrigan was born in Bloomfield, in naval warfare. Outside of academia, she she enjoys exercising, exploring unfamiliar NJ but grew up all over the U.S. as the son of enjoys sailing, swimming, and traveling. places, and writing. a Coast Guard pilot. Attending Dickinson College in Carlisle, PA for his undergraduate Allyson Ropp is from Chapel Hill, NC Sydney Swierenga hails from Okemos, studies, he received a bachelor’s degree in and attended University of North Carolina a small suburb of Lansing, Michigan. She Archaeology. During his study at Dickinson, at Asheville as an undergraduate. There she attended the University of Michigan as an Patrick contributed to archaeological received degrees in History and Classics. undergraduate and received a bachelor’s research working as both a lab and research She has experience with terrestrial work in degree in Anthropology and a minor in assistant. Although still undecided on a main Italy and underwater work in Florida. She is Music. She was a member of the Michigan topic of interest, he is most intrigued by interested in studying topics concerning the Marching Band and of the Lambda nautical archaeology in the Caribbean and Golden Age of Piracy, including piracy in the chapter of the Honorary Music Sorority Mediterranean. Patrick also enjoys hunting, Caribbean and North Carolina. In her spare Tau Beta Sigma. She studied abroad in climbing, playing baseball, and boxing in his time, she likes to play and watch sports and Western Australia, where she interned free time. be near water. at the Shipwrecks Galleries Museum in Fremantle and attended two field schools Adewale Oyediran is from Ede, a town Bryan Scott Rose is originally from in Esperance and Albany. She is interested in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. Knoxville, TN and attended the University in studying submarines and submerged He studied as an undergraduate at the of Tennessee as an undergraduate. He aircraft from WWII in the Pacific. In her University of Nigeria where he obtained a received his B.A. in Anthropology with spare time, Sydney enjoys reading, playing Bachelor of Arts degree in Archaeology and in Historic Archaeology the saxophone, swimming, skydiving, and Tourism. He worked in Nigeria for some and forensics and a minor in Geography. scuba diving. time before moving to the United States to He served in the U.S. Army as a cannon continue his education. He is interested in crew member. He is interested in studying Devin Urban is from Chicago, Illinois. researching the sea routes through which the maritime history and archaeology of There he attended DePaul University for slaves were transported out of Africa to other the Caribbean from the 1500s to the late his undergraduate studies with a major in parts of the world with much emphasis on 1700s, especially as it relates to piracy and Philosophy and a minor in Archaeology. the Americas. He enjoys research and loves settlement. He enjoys being outdoors, Devin’s primary research interest is African playing/watching soccer. hiking, sailing, and scuba diving. Diaspora archaeology and history, an interest which peaked during his first field Morgan Pierce is from a small town in Emily Schwalbe is from Concord, North school on the island of San Salvador in the southeastern Oklahoma, where she attended Carolina. She attended Bates College in Bahamas. In his free time, Devin enjoys Southeastern Oklahoma State University. Lewiston, Maine, earning a B.A. in History, playing guitar and singing, listening to Morgan finished her undergraduate career as but decided to move back to North Carolina music, hiking, biking, fishing, and traveling.

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 23 Where are our Maritimers now? - 2 0 1 4 Matthew Brenckle (2004) – Research David Cooper (1998) – Branch Chief, A Historian, USS Constitution Museum, Cultural Resources, Apostle Island National James Allan, (1987) PhD – Lecturer, St Charlestown, MA Lakeshore, Bayfield, WI Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA John Bright (2012) – Archaeologist, Diane Cooper (1995) – Museum and Vice President, William Self Associates, National Park Service’s Submerged Technician, San Francisco Maritime Orinda, CA Resources Center, Denver, CO National Historical Park and Curator, USS Evguenia Anichtchenko (2004) – Dan Brown (2013) – Adjunct Professor, Pampanito, San Francisco, CA Historian, Alaska Office of History and Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC Kathryn L. Cooper (2014) – Archaeology, Anchorage, AK Robert Browning (1980) PhD – Annalies Corbin (1995) PhD – Ray Ashley, (1996) PhD – Executive Historian, United States Coast Guard, President & CEO, PAST Foundation, Director, San Diego Maritime Museum and Washington, DC Columbus, OH Professor of Public History, University of Darryl Byrd (1998) – Linthicum Lee Cox (1985) – Director, Dolan California at San Diego, CA Heights, MD Research, Inc., Newtown Square, PA Melissa Ashmore (2012) – Stephanie Croatt (2013) – Curator, Paul Avery (1998) – Auckland War C Battleship State Historic Site, La Memorial Museum, Auckland, New Peter Campbell (2009) – PhD Porte, TX Zealand candidate, University of Southampton, Monica Ayhens (2009) – PhD student, United Kingdom D University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL Frank Cantelas (1995) – Maritime Michelle Damian (2010) – PhD student, Archaeology Program Officer, NOAA University of Southern California, Los B Office of and Research, Angeles, CA David Baumer (1991) – Virginia Beach, Silver Spring, MD Claire Dappert (2005) PhD – Historic VA Jodi Carpenter (2007) – Research Archaeologist, Illinois State Dina Bazzill (2007) – Principal Environmental/Historical Preservation Archaeological Survey, Prairie Research Investigator, Environmental Corporation of Specialist, FEMA, Nottingham, MD Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana- America, Alpharetta, GA Chris Cartellone (2003) – PhD student, Champaign, IL David Beard (1989) –Director, Museum Texas A&M University, College Station, TX James P. Delgado (1986) PhD – of the Gulf Coast, Port Arthur, TX Tane Casserley (2005) – Maritime Director, Maritime Heritage Program, Sam Belcher (2002) – Medical Archaeologist, NOAA’s Thunder Bay Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, Technologist (ASCP), Laboratory National Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI NOAA, Silver Spring, MD Supervisor, Central Baptist Hospital, PhD Joe Cato (2003) – Raleigh, NC Alena Derby (2002) – Pilates Instructor student, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Robert Church (2001) – Senior Marine and Personal Trainer, Nantucket, MA KY Archaeologist, C & C Technologies Survey Robert Dickens (1998) – DVM, Cary, Kathryn Bequette (1992) – Director, Services, Inc., Lafayette, LA NC Maritime Archaeology and Research, Brian T. Clayton (2005) – Stephen Dilk (2012) – Contract OELS, Westminster, CO; consultant with Hydrographic Project Surveyor, Fugro Archaeologist, Colorado and Wyoming Denver Ocean Journey Aquarium Chance, Houston, TX Jeff DiPrizito (2001) – High School Jemison Beshears (2001) – Antique Wendy (1998) – Head of WWII teacher, Hudson, NH firearms specialist, Greg Martin Auctions, Research Division, Research and Analysis, Brian Diveley (2008) – Senior San Francisco, CA Joint Personnel Accounting Command, Archaeologist, CH2M HILL, Seattle, WA Jacob Betz (2004) – PhD candidate, Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam, HI Tricia Dodds (2009) – Associate Department of History, University of Patrick Cole (1993) – Writer, Barcelona, State Archaeologist and State Parks Diver, Chicago, IL Spain California State Parks, Ocotillo Wells Saxon Bisbee (2012) – Nautical Edwin Combs (1996) PhD – Assistant District, CA Archaeologist in Residence, Northwest Professor, Miles College, Birmingham, AL Wade Dudley (1998) PhD – Teaching Seaport Maritime Heritage Center, Seattle, Michael Coogan (1996) – Manager, Professor, Department of History, East WA Strategic Planning, Northrop Grumman IT, Carolina University, Greenville, NC Samuel Blake (2006) – Archaeologist, Herndon, VA Stan Duncan (1994) – Regional Sales Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc., Amy (Mitchell) Cook (1994) PhD – Consultant, NUS Consulting Group, Inc., Jacksonville, NC Associate Professor and Chair, Department Oak Ridge, TN Jeffrey Bowdoin (2012) – Curator, of History, University of West Florida, Naval History and Heritage Command, Pensacola, FL E Washington, DC Scott Emory (2000) – Cockeysville, MD

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 24 Stem to Stern • Jeff Enright (1999) – Maritime Principal Cathy (Fach) Green (2003) – Special Tiffany (Pecoraro) James (2007) – Investigator/GIS Specialist, Southeastern Projects Coordinator, Thunder Bay Vice President of Project Development and Archaeological Research, Inc., Pensacola, National Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI Government Relations, Magnum Energy, FL Russ Green (2002) – Assistant Salt Lake City, UT Jenna (Watts) Enright (2000) – Superintendent, NOAA Thunder Bay Brian Jaeschke (2003) – Registrar, Austin, TX National Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI Mackinac Island State Park Commission, Jeffrey Groszkowski (2007) – Mackinac Island, MI F Firefighter/Apparatus Operator, New John O. Jensen (1992) PhD – Lecturer Kim (Eslinger) Faulk (2005) – Project Hanover County Fire Services, Wilmington, in Maritime History, Sea Education Manager – Marine Archaeology, GEMS – NC Association, Woods Hole, MA A Forum Energy Technologies Company, Doug Jones (2007) – Marine Houston, TX H Archaeologist, Bureau of Ocean Energy Sabrina S. Faber (1996) – Chief of Richard Haiduven (2003) – Contract Management (BOEM), New Orleans, LA Party, Promoting Youth Civic Engagement Archaeologist, Miami, FL Jennifer Jones (2012) – PhD student, Rita Folse Elliott (1988) – Education Stephen Hammack (2007) – DPhil Coastal Resources Management, East Coordinator & Research Associate, The candidate, Institute of Archaeology/ St. Carolina University, Greenville, NC LAMAR Institute, Savannah, GA Cross College, University of Oxford, UK Rick Jones (1996) – Building Patrick Fleming (1998) – Raleigh, NC Phil Hartmeyer (2014) – Thunder Bay Contractor, Morehead City, NC Richard Fontanez, MD (2001) – National Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI Contract Archaeologist, Director of Lynn B. Harris (1988) PhD – Assistant K Instituto de Investigaciones Costaneras, and Professor, East Carolina University, John Kennington (1995) – Facilities, Medical Greenville, NC Communications Officer, Campus Services, Center, Puerto Rico Margaret Harris (2004) – Southern Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Paul Fontenoy (1995) PhD – Curator California GA of Maritime Research and Technology, NC Ryan Harris (2006) – Nautical Kurt Knoerl (1994) PhD – Managing Maritime Museum, Beaufort, NC Archaeologist, Parks Canada, Ottawa, Director, The Museum of Underwater Chris E. Fonvielle, Jr. (1987) PhD – Ontario, Canada Archaeology; Adjunct faculty, Northern Associate Professor, UNC-Wilmington, Heather Hatch (2006) PhD – Virginia Community College, Manassas, VA Wilmington, NC Collections Cataloger, University Art Nadine Kopp (2012) – Project Kevin Foster (1991) – Washington, DC Galleries Department, Texas A&M Archaeologist, Paterson Group, Ottawa, Joe Friday (1988) – Sergeant, Greenville University, College Station, TX ON Police Department, Greenville, NC Jeanette Hayman (2011) – RPA, Mike Krivor (1998) – Maritime Adam Friedman (2008) – PhD Archaeologist, Environmental Science Project Manager/Principal Investigator, Candidate, University of North Carolina, Associates, Seattle, WA Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC Theresa Hicks (2012) – Operations Pensacola, FL Don Froning (2007) – Marine Corps Manager, Inland Seas Institute, Algoma, WI David Krop (2008) – Director, USS Pacific, Camp H. M. Smith, HI Robert Holcombe (1993) – Retired, Monitor, Mariners’ Museum, Newport Naval Historian and Curator, Port News, VA G Columbus Civil War Naval Center, Stephanie Gandulla (2014) – Media Columbus, GA L and Outreach Coordinator, Thunder Bay Joshua Howard (2004) – Independent Danielle LaFleur (2003) – Historic National Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI Researcher, Portland, OR Sites Curator, Lakeshore Museum Center, Veronica Garrett (2008) – Streetlight Nathaniel Howe (2011) – Nautical Muskegon, MI Records, Santa Cruz, CA Archaeologist & Vessel Manager, Arthur Marshall Lamm (2012) – Curator, North Kate Goodall (2003) – Chief Operating Foss and Lightship No. 83, Northwest Carolina Baseball Museum, Wilson, NC Officer, S&R Foundation, Washington, DC Seaport, Seattle, WA Matthew Lawrence (2003) – Maritime Amy (Rubenstein) Gottschamer Joseph Hoyt (2008) – Maritime Archaeologist, Stellwagen Bank National (1995) – Real estate broker, Santa Fe, NM, Archaeologist, NOAA National Marine Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA and Lawrence, KS Sanctuaries, Newport News, VA Adam Lehman (2006) – Whitsett, NC Jeff Gray (1998) – Superintendent, Michael D. Hughes (2003) – Project Amy Leuchtmann (2011) – Maritime NOAA Thunder Bay National Marine Manager, SAIC, Washington, DC Archaeologist, HDR, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI Sanctuary, Alpena, MI Jason Lowris (2000) – Joe Greeley (2000) – Site supervisor, J Wayne Lusardi (1998) – Michigan’s Maryland Dove; Adjunct Professor of Claude V. Jackson (1991) – Museum State Maritime Archaeologist, Thunder Bay History, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St Curator, St. Louis, MO National Marine Sanctuary, Alpena, MI Mary’s City, MD p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 25 Keith Meverden (2005) – Underwater Deirdre O’Regan (2001) – Editor, M Archaeologist, State Historical Society of SEA HISTORY; Vice President National Morgan MacKenzie (2011) – Consulting Wisconsin, Madison, WI Maritime Historical Society, Pocasset, MA Maritime Archaeologist, Dewberry David Miller (2005) – Instructor, Craven Engineering, Parsippany, NJ; Archaeologist, Community College, Havelock, NC P Dovetail Cultural Resource Group, Valerie (Rissel) Mims (2012) – Jason Paling (2003) – PhD student, Fredericksburg, VA Marketing Coordinator, Craven Arts Department of Anthropology, State Richard Mannesto (1993) – Great Lakes Council and Gallery, New Bern, NC University at Albany, Albany, NY Shipwreck Historical Society, Sault Ste. Robert Minford (2012) – GIS Analyst, Harry Pecorelli III (2003) – Stantec., Marie, MI Office of the Assessor of Real Estate, Charleston, SC Joshua Marano (2012) – Intern Richmond, VA Martin Peebles (1996) – ER Nurse, St. Archaeologist, Biscayne National Park, Calvin Mires (2005) PhD – Staff Petersburg, FL Miami, FL Archaeologist, East Carolina University, Whitney Petrey (2014) – Eleftheria Mantzouka (2004) – Greenville, NC Jacqueline Piero (2004) – “enjoying Montessori Teacher, Durham, NC Kimberly E. Monk (2003) – PhD life,” Newark, DE Tom Marcinko (2000) – South Research and Teaching Fellow, University of Andrew Pietruszka (2005) PhD – Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Bristol, England Forensic Archaeologist, Joint POW/MIA Charleston, SC David Moore (1989) – Curator of Accounting Command, Joint Base Pearl Jacqueline Marcotte (2011) – Maritime Nautical Archaeology, North Carolina Harbor – Hickman, HI Archaeologist, Environmental Science Maritime Museum, Beaufort, NC Mike Plakos (2003) – Senior Technical Associates, Seattle, WA James Moore (2003) PhD – Marine Analyst, U.S. Navy, Washington, DC Amy Jo (Knowles) Marshall (1996) – Archaeologist, Bureau of Ocean Energy Larkin Post (2007) – Gartley & Dorsky Library Director, The Craig Public Library, Management (BOEM), Herndon, VA Engineering & Surveying, Camden, ME Craig, AK R. Scott Moore (1992) PhD – Professor Sarah Milstead Post (2007) – Program Timothy Marshall (1999) – Tongass and Chair, Department of History, Indiana Manager, Maine Coast Heritage Trust, National Forest Heritage Program Manager, University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA Rockport, ME Tongass National Forest, Craig, AK Shawn Holland Moore (1998) – Darren Poupore (2004) – Chief Deborah Marx (2002) – Maritime Director of Alumni Programs, East Curator, Biltmore Estate, Asheville, NC Archaeologist, Stellwagen Bank National Carolina Alumni Association, East Carolina Sami (Seeb) Powers (2007) – National Marine Sanctuary, Scituate, MA University, Greenville, NC Park Service, Denver, CO Roderick Mather, (1990) PhD – Stuart Morgan (1985) – Public Edward Prados (1993) – Country Associate Professor, Department of Information Director, South Carolina Director, AMIDEAST, Aden/Sana’a, Yemen Archaeological Oceanography, University of Association of Counties, Columbia, SC Franklin Price (2006) – Senior Rhode Island, Kingston, RI Tyler Morra (2012) – Archaeologist, Florida Bureau of Christopher McCabe (2007) – Deputy Jeff Morris (2000) – Owner/Senior Archaeological Research, Tallahassee, FL State Archaeologist, Georgia DNR, Coastal Scientist, Azulmar Research, LLC and Underwater Archaeology Field Station, Geomar Research, LLC, Port Republic, MD R Coral Rasmussen (1993) – Cultural Savannah, GA John W. (Billy Ray) Morris (1991) – Resources Manager, Environmental Peter McCracken (1999) – Co-Founder Director, Underwater Archaeology Branch, Compliance and Protection Dept. Marine and Director, ShipIndex.org, Trumansburg, Kure Beach, NC NY Corps Base Hawaii, Honolulu, HI Phillip H. McGuinn (2000) – Deputy N John Ratcliffe (2012) – Archaeologist, Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Submarine Adrienne (Askins) Neidinger (2000) – Paterson Group, Ottawa, ON Forces, Norfolk, VA; Naval Reserve Sam Newell (1987) – Retired Pitt County Eric Ray (2009) – Curator, Museum of Captain, U.S. Northern Command, Schools, Contract History Consultant, the Coastal Bend, Victoria, TX Colorado Springs, CO Greenville, NC James R. Reedy, Jr. (1987) – Contract Salvatore Mercogliano (1997) PhD – Kevin Nichols (2002) – Intelligence Archaeologist, Beaufort, NC Assistant Professor of History, Campbell Research Specialist, Department of Phillip Reid (1998) – PhD student, University, Buies Creek, NC and Adjunct the Army; PhD student, Wayne State Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Professor of History, U.S. Merchant Marine University, Detroit, MI John’s, NL/Wilmington, NC Academy, King’s Point, NY William A. Robie, Jr. (1993) – Atlantic Ann Merriman (1996) PhD – Nautical O Beach, NC Archaeologist, Maritime Historian, Christopher Olson (1997) – Nautical Todd Robinson (1998) – International Administrative Director, and Co-Founder, Archaeologist, Maritime Historian, Baccalaureate Program History Instructor, Maritime Heritage Minnesota, St. Paul, MN Operations Director, and Co-Founder, James Island Charter High School, Maritime Heritage Minnesota, St. Paul, MN Charleston, SC

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y 26 Stem to Stern • Bradley Rodgers (1985) PhD – Kathy A.W. Southerly (2006) – Sarah Waters (1999) – Education Professor, Program in Maritime Studies, Assistant Dive Safety Officer, NC Aquarium Coordinator, Thunder Bay National Marine East Carolina University, Greenville, NC at Fort Fisher, Kure Beach, NC Sanctuary, Alpena, MI Jason Rogers (2004) PhD – Senior James Spirek (1993) – State Underwater Gordon P. Watts (1975) PhD – Retired Project Archaeologist, Northern Land Archaeologist, SC Institute of Archaeology from ECU 2001, Director, Tidewater Use Research, Inc., and Alaska Maritima, & Anthropology, Columbia, SC Atlantic Research and International Anchorage, AK Joyce Steinmetz (2010) – PhD Institute of Maritime Archaeology, Flippo Ronca (2006) – Nautical student, Coastal Resources Management, Washington, NC Archaeologist, Parks Canada, Ottawa, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC Andrew Weir (2007) – Cultural Ontario, Canada Resources Group, Jackson, MI Matthew Russell (1995) PhD – T Wilson West (1985) PhD – Director, Archaeologist, William Self Associates, Inc., Bruce Terrell (1988) – Chief Historian WestHall Heritage Research & Consulting, Orinda, CA and Maritime Archaeologist, NOAA Toronto, Ontario, Canada National Marine Sanctuaries Maritime Robert Westrick (2001) – Senior S Heritage Program, Silver Spring, MD Marine Archaeologist, C & C Technologies Stephen Sanchagrin (2014) – William H. Thiesen (1993) PhD – Survey Services, Inc., Lafayette, LA John Schaefer (1994) – Schoolteacher, Atlantic Area Historian, United States Coast David Whipple (1993) – Alexandria, VA Washington, NC; PhD student, UNC Guard, Portsmouth, VA Heather White (2004) – Director Chapel Hill Matthew Thompson (2010) – Nautical of Library Project Development, Joyner James Schmidt (1991) – Nautical Archaeologist, Thompson Maritime Library, East Carolina University, Archaeologist, Naval Historical Center, Consulting, LLC, Greenville, NC Greenville, NC Washington, DC Bradley D. Thorson (1982) – Scott Whitesides (2003) – Robert Schneller (1986) PhD – Hans Van Tilburg (1995) PhD – Archaeologist/Curator, Golden Spike Historian, Naval Historical Center, Maritime Heritage Coordinator, Office National Historic Site, Brigham City, UT Washington DC of National Marine Sanctuaries, Program Elizabeth Whitfield (2005) – Owner, Laura Kate Schnitzer (2012) – Field Pacific Islands Region, HI TriBella Multisport, Denver, CO Archaeologist, Southwest Archaeological Ray Tubby (2000) – Nautical Kimberly Williams (2000) – History Consultants, Inc., Albuquerque, NM Archaeologist, SEARCH, Inc., Pensacola, Professor, Hillsborough Community Ralph Lee Scott (1979) – Professor, FL College, Tampa, FL Curator of Printed Books and Maps, Lex Turner (1999) – Psychiatric Nurse Stephen Williams (2004) – Owner, Joyner Library, East Carolina University, Practitioner - Vidant Medical Center, PACC Consulting, LLC., Sanibel, FL Greenville, NC Greenville, NC Sarah Wolfe (2001) – Exhibit Registrar, R. Laurel Seaborn (2014) – Kenneth Tyndall (1988) – New Bern, George Washington’s Mount Vernon, Benjamin Siegel (2011) – International NC Mount Vernon, VA Project Archaeologist and Cultural Heritage Steve Workman (2002) PhD – Consultant, Environmental Resource V Associate Dean for Admissions and Christopher Valvano (2007) – PhD Management, Washington, DC Administration, Virginia Tech Carilion student, Michigan State University, Lansing, Lucas S. Simonds (2014) – School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA MI Jessica Smeeks (2014) – Elizabeth Wyllie (2012) – Seattle, WA Joshua Smith (1997) PhD – Professor and Department Head, Department W John Wagner (2010) – Park Ranger, Y of Humanities, U.S. Merchant Marine Wilson York (2007) Sylvan Lake State Park, Eagle, CO – High School Academy, & Interim Director, American Daniel Warren (1998) – Senior History Teacher, Mt. Pisgah Christian Merchant Marine Museum, Kings Point, Marine Archaeologist and Houston Asst. School, Atlanta, GA NY Geosciences Manager, C & C Lindsay Smith (2010) – Maritime Technologies Survey Services, Inc. Houston & Project Archaeologist, SWCA Office, Houston, TX Environmental Consultants, Houston, TX Jon Travis Snyder (2006) – MFA student in ECU Program in Wood Design and Lutier, Greenville, NC MARITIME STUDIES GRADUATES! Chris Southerly (2003) – Chief Please let us know if your name is not on the list Archaeologist & , NC or if we need to update your current status. Underwater Archaeology Branch, Kure We would love to hear from you! Beach, NC

p r o g r a m i n m a r i t i m e s t u d i e s 2014 – 2015 • Newsletter 27 Nonprofit Org. U.S. Postage PAID Permit No. 110 Stem to Stern Greenville, NC Program in Maritime Studies Admiral Ernest M. Eller House East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858-4353

2014 – 2015 e a s t c a r o l i n a u n i v e r s i t y Stem to Stern •