CONTENTS, PAGE PAGE IN A JAPANESE THEATRE.By Leopold Spero ...... 446 NOTES OF THE WEEK ...... -.- 433 CURRENT CANT AND CURRENT SENSE ...... 436 VIEWS AND REVIEWS. By A. E. R...... 447 “ ” By Geoffrey 448 FOREIGNAFFAIRS. By S. Verdad ...... 437 DAILYMAIL DOCTORING. Houghton ...... 449 OMENSAT THE CONGRESS...... 438 REVIEWS ...... ON HOMERULE. By J. M. Kennedy ...... 439 SOME OBSERVATIONSON PRIMITIVE DANCING-II. By Marcelle MAKINGINSURGENTS. By William McFee ...... 441 Azra Hincks ...... 450 PROBLEMS OF SEX-VI. By M. B. Oxon ...... 442 ART: RODIN. By Anthony M. Ludovici ...... 451 PASTICHE.By A. J. W., P. Selver, C. E. Bechhöfer 453 A BOOK OF SWELLS: A DANIELCOME TO JUDGMENT. By T. _.. H. S. Escott ...... 443 LETTERSTO TIIE EDITORfrom Fitz Adam, F. JI. Staples, Co-operator, J. Ringrose, Discontented I. L. Peer, A POEM. By T. Sturge-Noore ...... 444 J., PATRIA Mia--I. By Ezra Pound ...... Arthur T. Colman ...... *-* 445 -** .*- 454 All communications relutive to THENEW AGE should as easily write these Notes as his olyn book, constitutes be addressed to THE NEW AGE, 38, Cursitor Street, what to our mind is a conspiracy, a conspiracy of the E.C. governing classes to maintain the wage system. Our readelrs may say, if they like, that the opinions of one writer do not make a conspiracy; they may even read NOTES OF THE WEEK. the work in question and fail to detect anything of the THElull in the labour unrest must not be taken as per- nature of a plot in it. But if our judgment in these manent, but as the presage of greater unrest to come. matters has the smallest ~alue,it must be set against the This forecast is based, not upon the personal inclina- first impression derived from the reading of h3r. Peel’s tions or intentions of either the leaders or the men, but “ Future of England,” as challenging the easy con- upon the almost physical facts of ‘the ebb and floiw of clusion that there is nothing in it. On the contrary, as the economic sea. To an observer who can lift his the Labour leaders may discover when it is too late, the vision above the individual units comiposing the nation, “ Future of England ’’ is at this moment the Bible of there are certain drifts of opinion, of necessity and de- the governling classes; and its leading text is the ex- sire, the courses of which may be clearly discerned as hortation to keep the wage system very much what it is. involving from time to time meetings fraught with all The most recent events, index?, as 11-ell as the events manner of storm. When, however, we give to these shortly to become manifest, bear, and will bear out our currents the name of conspiracies, the “Daily Herald” ccntention that, unless under a compulsion which their and several of our readers express an incredulity of their ablest strategists discount, the governing c13ssels are real existence. A conspiracy, they say, of the govern- confident of being able to maintain the wage system dur- ing classes to maintain the wage system by gilding its ing th2 whole present period of labour unrest. chains-no such conspiracy exists. A conspiracy to re- .)I*.* duce men’s wages by forcing women into the labour Calculating as members of the governing classes the market-the idea is absurd. Everybody knows that the forces that Labour can put into the field against us, we governing classes lack the intelligen’ce for any such confess that, but for one uneasy item in their strength, melodramatic plot. They are muddlers like all the rest their forces would appear easily infberior to our own of us. Muddlers, however, or not, the governing We are making the supposition that the two classes of classes of to-day will not be held by the historians of the England, the rich and the poor, are actually engaged in future to have been without a definite plan. The plan war-as, indeed, they are-and, for the moment, we are may be unrecorded in documents and may lack the estimating the strength and resources of the poor. And, evidence of formal meetings of th’e leading conspirators ; as we say, but for one single incalculable item, we but it exists, nevertheless, if only “ in the air,” aswe say, should have no doubt of the result. In brains of a and is as clearly directive as if it were embodied in strategic order, in character, in morale, in discipline, in minutes and resolutions binding on members of the governing classes. Nay, in one remarkable work, at perspicuity of judgment, in courage, the governing least-the “Future of England,” by the Hon. George classes of England have an enormous superiority over the class of wage-earners. We have only to comipare Peel-the documents are in a certain sense actually given and published. We have said once before that the photograph of the Parliamentary Committee of the the governing classes always have their private philo- Trade Union Congress (published in the “Daily Herald” sopher. In the ’eighties it was Sidgwick; during the on Saturday) with photographs of the leaders on the last decade it has been Maine. Well, to-day it is Mi-. capitalist side to realise at once the inferiority of the Peel. former in the characteristics we have mentioned. On *** the Parliamentary Cornmittee and judged by Now what is Mr. Peel’s assumption? It is the as- physiognomy alone there is scarcely a man who is not sumption that the existing wage-system will survive, plainly feeble-minded in respect of intelligence, of will, with only small modifications, as prolonged a period of or of sincerity. Any reader of character can conclude labour unrest as the Labour Party can engineer. But from the rows of dome-like skulls in the “ Daily the practical conclusion to be drawn by politicians frqm Herald” photograph that the whole Committee is lack- :his thesis is that the fewer changes they make the ing in grip, in strength and in real vision. Idealism better. In no instance are they to offer any drastic re- they have, and a certain good nature; but we confess construction. Reconstruction, in short, will prove un- that if we were a responsible private in an army led by necessary, and the fewer the repairs, even, the more them our first duty would he-to shoot the lot. The creditable to the governing classes ~7illtheir ultimole cGntrast presented 1~7hen we turn to the capitalist triumph appear. Now this deliberate estimate of the leaders is striking. Among the capitalist physiognomies *situation made by a writer who, if he chose, could just you will seldom see what the silly poor call a nice face, 434 but you will as seldom see a weak face. Leaders for trial section is growing daily in strength; with this leaders, in short, the Labour army is out-generalled at certain indication, to our mind, that not only is the this ,moment. next labour battle being prepared by the working *** classes, but its nature as an industrial rather than a political battle is already defined. In view of this, as We need not enumerate the other respects in which we say elsewhere, we can afford to laugh at the fore- the capitalist army is superitor in strength to the labour gone conclusions of the mock debate of this issue at the army, but we will at once name the factor of doubt. It Newport Conference. Industrialism, not politics, will lies in the collective mind of the working classes. Re- as certainly be the method of the coming renewal of the cent psychology has made us familiar in the case of the labour unrest as the resolution advocating it is certain individual mind with the distinction between what it to be defeated at Newport by the politicians. But what calls the subliminal and the supraliminal consciousness. matters the ambition of politicians when the subliminal The supraliminal consciousness is that of our ordinary impulse of the workmen is against them? waking life ; it is articulate, logical and calculable. ‘The subliminal consciousness, on the other hand, is that of *Y+ our deeper inarticulate and impulsive selves; and it bears the same relation to our ordinary self that the Apart from indications, however, such as these, there are facts which even Gradgrind cannot dispute to point to submerged four-fifths of the iceberg bears to the float- ing and visible fifth. In the normal course of life it is a renewal of Labour unrest on a greater scale. Labour unrest, after all, is only a newspaper name for the on our supraliminal consciousness that we rely, but in cry ‘of increasing poverty; it has no other material moments of peril, in moments of decision, and in cause than that. And poverty, again, has only one moments of inspiration, it is from the depths of our sub- cause worth mentioning, namely, low wages. If we liminal mind that we appear to draw our resources. had the assurance that wages were rising, or were Thence come, or appear to come, those sudden impulses about to rise, we might accept the concomitant assur- and the sustenance of inspired resolutions, which at ance that the Labour unrest had ceased for good. But times create and at other times re-create the character ; wages, as we know, so far from rising, are still falling, it is the world of miracle. But in the collective being if not in figures, at any rate in purchasing power. Nor of the nation it is the mind of the working-classes that is this fall likely to be arrested by anything now pro- plays the rôle of the national subliminal. The govern- posed, either in industry itself or in Parliament. ing classes, with their Press and pulpit, their Parlia- Whatever effect, therefore, the recent fall in real wages ment and their property, are in an almost exact sense produced in the shape of Labour unrest may confidently the waking consciousness of the nation as a whole; and be anticipated to be doubled by the continued and con- by no mere coincidence they bear the same relation to tinuing fall. On these grounds alone the prophecy of the mind of the working classes as the waking bears more unrest is safe. It by no means follows, unfor- to the sunken consciousness. But if the analogy is tunately, that, even if the unrest is doubled, the efforts correct, it is from the sunken mind of the wage-earners of the wage-earners to raise their wages will be more that impulses of a profound and spiritual character may successful than in the past. That depends, we say, be expected to come. And they may be expected to upon the plan they adopt, both as their objective and come at any moment. We are not now attempting to as their method. On the other hand, for the encourage- define the conditions under which great national resolu- ment of such as us who have a plan, and have,rnoreover, tions are made : but we can safely say that one, at least, a stratlegy for carrying it out, the affirmation of the of the conditions is now being fulfilled. The nation- return of the industrial unrest is welcome. This time, including the governing classes themselves-is now at a we may hope, the horses may be put into the right moment when a great and momentous decision is neces- shafts. sary: a decision which mere reason is incapable of *Y+ making. Everything the nation as a nation holds dear is at this moment in imminent peril of being lost. In a Now, what are the right shafts in this pmblem of quarter of a century from now, if nothing miraculous wages? They are composed of the flollowing facts :- occurs, England will have lost its hold of its own soul First, that modern industry is actually capable of pay- and, consequently, of its place in the world. The only ing a good living return to everybody engaged in it. No question, therefore, to our mind-and, let us add in doubt whatever about that ! It is not, as the “Spec- fairness, to the mind of Mr. Peel--is whether the tator ” would assure us, that our means of production national subliminal consciousness of the working classes are so limited that the nation cannot make enough com- will divine the issue and thrust into articulate conscious- modities to go round. On the contrary, there are not ness a new and great spiritual resolution. That, as we only enough now to go round, but our means of pro- say, is the doubtful factor in the present situation. duction are only begun to be used. We could with

Y** our present resources easily double or treble our total production without turning more than a hair. The To this event, doubtless, forces that we cannot esti- second fact is this, that, whatever our national pro- mate, but whose existence we can all discern, will con- duction may be, the distribution under the existing tribute-forces of what may be termed a spiritual system of competitive wage-labour must necessarily be nature. For instance, we were prepared on the morrow inequitable. Necessarily, we say ! Whether Liberals or of the recent strikes to declare without fear of contra- Conservatives or Labourists are in political power, so long diction that the spirit of the wage-earners had been con- as the existing system of private capitalism continues, so siderably depressed. The spiritual problem involved in long will the products of industry be distributed in their this was whether that spirit would speedily recover, present proportions. Politicians may, if they choose, whether it would renew and strengthen itself by reason determine that this or the other shall be done with the of its past defeat. We are inclined to think now that fruits of industry when they have once been allocated this will be the case. The enormous increases in mem- by economic laws, but they cannot alter these economic bership of most of the men’s trade unions are a proof laws themselves without a radical reconstruction of the to our mind that the challenge of those defeats is being existing system. We hold, in fact, that it is illegiti- taken up. It is tragically true that the leaders remain mate in essence of the politicians to make the attempt the same wooden figures as before, but the reviving to engraft public statesmanship on private capitalism. spirit of the men may be expected shortly to animate They cannot actually do it-as all recent “ Liberal ” or to destroy even these. And meanwhile the concen- legislation proves-but even the attempt, we repeat, tration of numbers of new men into the unions is is wrong. The conclusion to face and to meet is that evidence that the instincts of the working classes have private capitalism of necessity distributes the products sniffed the battle while it is still afar off, and have of industry unjustly; it cannot do anything else. Until, realised that the field of the next campaign will be trade therefore, it is aboIished, wages will not only remain unionism. At the very moment, in fact, that the poli- low, whatever the bulk of our national production, but tical section is flagging (from which the official Labour they will tend to fall like the price of any other raw Party draws unwarranted evil conclusions) the indus- material of indefinite supply. 435

The third fact that the reviving Labour unrest will, satisfying to any reasonable mind not already convinced we hope, take into account is that no single or col- of the practicability ‘of Guild-Socialism we never pro- lective proposal of all the existing Tories, Liberals and fessed for one momfent that our suggestions have been. Social Reformers will, even if carried out, raise wages On the contrary, we have deliberately withheld the con- generally. They may, we do not deny, raise wages in structive side of our proposals until the criticilsm of this industry or for that class of worker, but generally events as well as of reason should demonstrate the and for all workers never. It is even quite possible that necessity of at least some new plan. Our work is now for industry in general, the plans of the Reformers may for the future to lay before our readers the outlines als have the effect of lowering wages both in terms of we have conceived them of the institution of Guild- money and in terms of life. The recent Minimum Wage Socialism, to shlow on what economic, political and in- Act, as we know, has raised wages f’or a comparatively dustrial facts Guild-Socialism must be based, and on few only to lower them on an average for the whole what principles we conceive it can be established and population; and, in addition, the few, the happy few, maintained. So much has already been gathered of our find themselves bound to give much more work for even proposals that the most general outlines, at least, are a little more wage. This, in fact, is likely to prove the familiar. We propose that the competitive wage-system net result of every attempt to raise wages by legislation. should be abolished, and its place taken by a system of The truth is that all these Reformers, however they may payments graduated by skill or need from a think about the matter, are in reality gnawing a file. living minimum1 determined by the necessities of the They may agitate themselves into a state of righteous least iskilled member of any organised industry. We indignation, but while the capitalist system prevails propose, in the second place, that for the existing pri- their work will be perpetually to do. Carrying water in vate capitalists there should be substituted the nation a sieve is not more senseless than attempting to reform itself in its representative character of the State. Lastly a system which for every reform creates a new evil. -in this outline-we propose that the unions of work- The less the new Labour movement has to do with men, each in its own industry, should jointly with the Social Reformers thle more profitable it will pvove to State control and regulate their respective industries. itself. It may be, as we have already been somewhat hastily *** told, that the whole scheme of Guild-Socialism is But with these facts, every one of which we can chimerical. It is, however, much miore probable as well prove, before us, the conclusion is irresistible that what as gratifying that we shall be told that the idea is not is needed is a transformation of our industrial sytem new. New or old, what matters it so the ideas be now involving, as a first step, the abolition of the competitive true : true, ais perhaps ttey could not have been con- wage system. On this latter proposal every ounce of ceived to be some years ago. Much water has flowed energy in the Labour movement should, in our opinion, under the bridge since the days when Socialists believed be concentrated. We have been engaged during the that thce State could do no wrong. As much may flo4w last few months of THE NEW AGE in examining the before the Syndicalists learn that the Unions also are wage system both as it is and as it shows signs of in- not infallible. But it is in the union and co-partnership evitably becoming. We have demonstrated, if words of these two forces of revolt from the present system have any meaning, that the cause of poverty is low that we see the hope of social salvation. And their wages, and that low wages are caused by the capitalist existence alone is our evidence that Guild-Socialism is at system that regards labourers as a raw material. We least practical. It will be our business in subsequent have examined the chain of evidence, link by link, on islsues of THENEW AGE to make these things as clear to which the conclusion hangs that, short of the total our readers as they are to ourselves. abolition of the very notion of malting a man a raw material in industry, there is absolutely no hope for *,*The free ‘[Advts.” in this issue are taken from the second series of [‘ Secret Remedies” published by the British wage-earners either of raising their wages or, still less, Medical Association. Price IS. of raising their status. On the contrary, both their BATH SALTS FOR RHEUMATISM, GOUT, Etc. wages and their status are infallibly doomed to continue Some of the principal articles of this kind are to fall, if the present system of profiteering remains. known as “ Ozonia,” “ Anturic Bath Salts,” And this, we have shown, is true whatever irrelevant at- “ Rheumsol Bath Salts,” etc. “ Ozonia,” sold in tempts are made to alter the course of economic laws. packets containing about 13 ozs. at I/-, was found Economics, as we have proved, can be affected only by to consist of sodium carbonate, reckoned as economics : it cannot be affected by political action or anhydrous, 77 per cent. ; water, 22.30 per cent. ; by education or by ethics, or by anything else but itself. chloride, reckoiled as sodium chloride, 0.46 per Against the economic law that all raw material suscep- cent., and potassium salt, a trace. Nothing else tible of increase must needs become cheaper as time was found. “Anturic Bath Salts,” sold in tins goes on there is but one law that can possibly be effec- containing about 4+ ozs., at 1/6, was found to tive-namely, the economic translation of Labour from consist of sodium carbonate, reckoned as the category of raw materials into the category of a anhydrous, 96.86 per cent. ; water, 2.70 per cent. ; factor in industrial production. It is precisely this chloride, a trace ; potassium salt, a trace ; and per- change that we would advocate as the indispensable fume, a trace. “ Rheumsol Bath Salts,” sold in first step in Labour progress. Everything subsequent tins containing about 5 ozs. at I/-, was found to to it depends upon it. Higher wages, a better distribu- consist of sodium carbonate, reckoned as tion of production, a better quality of production, a anhydrous, 87.96 per cent. ; water, 11.18per cent. ; greater quantity, more civilisation, superior civilisation chloride, a considerable trace ; potassium salt, a -all these depend finally on a single question : the trace. It is interesting to note in connection with question whether we can raise Labour or Labour can these “ bath salts ” that exsiccated sodium car- raise itself from the rank of a raw material in industry bonate (B. P.), which is practically anhydrous, is to the rank of a master. On the abolition of the com- priced in a wholesale druggists’ list at 7d. per lb., petitive wage-system, we do not hestitate to say, de- and that one pound of anhydrous sodium carbonate pends the future of the human race. ++* of commercial quality represents about 23 lbs. of cornlmon washing soda crystals. In the articles and “Notes” we have hitherto pub- lished on this subject, our analysis of the existing system PHOSFERINE. “ The Greatest of all Tonics” was has, we hope, been made clear. But there remains now fiound to contain alcohol, quinine, phosphoric acid, for a series of articles shortly to be begun in these and a little sulphuric acid; a trace of sodium salt pages the even more important work of reconstructing was present, probably as an accident?l impurity in the system of industry from its new basis of the the phosphioric acid; no other ingredient could be abolished wage system. Hints and adumbrations of detected. A I /I* bottle contained two fluid drachms, our proposals have from time to time already been sug- and a z/g bottle just over one fluid ounce. The gested; but, we can freely forgive those readers who estimated cost of the ingredients for one fluid have found them inadequate. Adequate in the sense of ounce is 3;d. 436

Current Cant. Current Sense.

“A newspaper cannot fill all its columns with the advocacy “ The Liberal leader has learned nothing from history and of great causes.”-“ Daily Express.” knows nothing of human nature.”-“ Daily Mail.” “Business is based not on moncy, but upon honesty.”- Dr. AMBROSE SHEPHERD. ci The Chancellor of the Exchequer has all the character- istics of the monkey highly developed.”-Rev. T. S. CUNNINGHAM. “The Unionist Party works for great and lofty ends of patriotism.’:--L‘ Morning Post.” ---_- ‘‘ Our age has evolved a new vice ; it is the vice of reading “It is the militants who are doing the bulk of the con- the casual, the foolish, the trivial, without knowing them to be casual, trivial, and foolish.”-“ The Academy.” stitutional work.”-ROSE LAMARTINE YATES. _---

U “ General Booth, the greatest missionary since St. Paul ; Health to a large extent depends upon self-expression.” Dr. MUNROE. a superman; a mystic; a saint; altogether a very great __-- personality.”-“ Public Opinion.” “Even legislation cannot stand against the laws of evolu- “It is a solemn duty laid upon this generation to ensure tion-the world moves.:’-‘‘ Daily Chronicle.” for those who come after them our splendid entail of natural beauty.”-CANON --_-RAWNSLEY. ‘(Nothing more pitiably vulgar could be conceived than this competition between Mrs. Fish and Mrs. Vanderbilt as “Let pessimists who lament the debasing effects of our to who could spend the most money on an evening party.”- modern civilisation take note of this : the supreme triumph ‘‘ Daily Express.” of the man in us over the brute.”-“ Scientific American.” “General Booth told me the last time I saw him that the “As far as I can make out, Socialist ideas have crept state of the people was worse than whezl he started the Sal- into some of your trade unions, and men are not allowed vation Army. ”-VANOC. to try to turn out the greatest possible amount of work in a given time.”-LAURENCE MOORE, in the ‘‘ Daily Express.” LLThosewho sprawled about life were not only those “The labourer collectively is society; and if he chooses associated with street corners ; there were plenty of sprawlers to withhold his labour, sooner gr later he himself will have at Oxford. University.”-Rev. ERNEST DREW, in the to pay.”-The ‘‘ Globe.” U Christian World.”

“Sir Edward Grey himself must feel that he has reached “Literally we have no State or national system. Our the critical test of his courage and intellectual steadfast- Socialism has lain in the hands of cliques and individuals, ness. If he stands firm ‘he is saved.”-The “Nation.” such as the Fabians and the Sidney Webbs, and con- sequently we have no Socialism.”--[‘ English Review.” “It is, I think, with Tolstoy that future generations will rank General Booth.”--FILSON YOUNG, in the “Pall Mall.” “The Church prays over the grave of an Archbishop of Canterbury, and refuses to the mad suicide one plea to “But though we can only guess at the secret of genius, Heaven on his behalf.”-GEORGE R. SIMS. I believe that Xr. Clark’s (College) magnetism is produced by the fact that he realises the romance of commerce.”- * “On the whole, I believe it will be found that the inflow HERBERTWESTBROOK in the “ News and Leader.” of Syndicalist ideas into Great Britain is ceasing to be dis- ruptive in its influence and becoming stimulating and U Westminster Abbey replenishes the best life of the suggestive.”-Professor GILBERT SLATER, in the U Chro- pecp1e.”--“ Morning Post.” nicle. ’’

“ It is the fashion to sneer at melodrama nowadays ; but, “Woman was made to marry, not to be a typist.”-Rev. after all, we may as well remember that most of the big ‘ thrillers ’ of the last decade were adapted from newspaper G. L. MERRILL. columns . . . ”-The “Academy.” --_- “Women are demanding some definite individual property “Mr. Cosmo Hamilton’s work is not to be gulped.”- as a home for their SOUIS.”-EARLBARNES, in the “Atlan- ‘[Daily Mail.” tic Monthly.”

(( Lieut.-Colonel Powley announced that the wreath was ‘[The cost of living has increased twenty per cent. in a from their Majesties, and in reply to his fervid utterance, generation. ”-“ Daily Express.” ‘ God save the King! ’ those in the hall responded ‘Amen.’ The National Anthem was then sbng.”--‘r Daily Herald.” “The rich gain more and more riches, and the poor be- come more dependent, and thus, out of one-sided material ‘(His Highness (the Khedive) referred to the unfortunate success grows up a new slavery.”-“ Westminster Review.” habit, so prevalent in some classes, of breaking into criti- cism.’’--“ Daily Express.” Wherever you move among the people you hear one cry -the cry for land.”-HAROLD SPENDER, in the “News and (( From personal communications with eminent persons, he Leader.” (Earl Brassey) could give the assurance that those re- sponsible for German policy did not aim at rivalling Eng- land’s Fleet.”-“ Daily Chronicle.” “It is only too clear that in this benighted and landlord- ___- ridden country the man who shows any spirit of indepen- “I was wondering why the newspapers have been so ex- dence and revolt is marked for destruction. ”-JOSHUA BARE- ceptionally interesting-and then I remembered that it is BONES, in the “Daily Express.’’ what is called the ‘ Silly Season.’ ”--FILSON YOUNG, in the “Pall Mall.” [‘This is the one unchanging feature of Government-the _-_- desire and power to appropriate or transfer people’s money. “Mulai Hafid rose at 7 in the morning and put on his Take away the power of a Government to tax you, and- Oriental costume. At 8 o’clock he took a concoction of milk hey, presto ! where is your Government ?”--JOHN STAFFORD, and peppermint and then returned to bed. Towards noon in “How to Make Money.” he again roTe and lunched heartily, smoked a number of --_.-- cigarettes and passed a few minutes on the balcony, and c‘Thetruth will in due course come home that the burden at 2 o’clock he went to bed____ once more.”---“Daily Chronicle.” of one is the burden of all.”--“ Daily Telegraph.” ccMr.Balfour has written several books, but they are not like Disraeli’s no~-~ls.”-“The Bookman.” “The unions do not recognise the value of unity.”- (‘Daily Herald.” “To return to political matters, the success of the recent strikes . . . .”-” Daily Herald.” cc Co-operation has worked miracles.”-‘‘ Daily Express.” 437

When I refer to the “ interests” of the French Foreign Affairs. people, some definite meaning can be attached tu the By S. Verdad. expression, because nearly every French family is WHATwe may term casual negotiations have been pro- directly or indirect1y“interested” in the land-i.e., nearly ceeding for some time between Downing Street and the every French family has an immovable stakein thecountry. Porte with reference to Egypt. They were interrupted And so with Spainor Italy, or even Russia. In capitalistic by the war with Italy, but resumed again, only to be countries, however, the case is different. The bulk of interrupted once more on account of the unsettled state the German population is still connected in some way of Turkish politics. Continuity in foreign affairs is with the land, though it is pouring into the towns all essential, and this fact is recognised in Turkey as well too rapidly. In England, however, it would be difficult as elsewhere; but it becomes almost impossible with to find any man in the employed classes who has any successive changes of Ministers and permanent staffs. share in the land at all. It thus hlappens that the em- Recently, however, the English Foreign Office has been ployed classes here, although they are warlike enough more pressing in its Notes, and I have reason to believe by temperament, will in future be more and more the that a mutually satisfactory arrangement will shortly be tools of capitalists who have “interests” to serve îhat reached. ‘I%e “regularisation” of our posltion in Egg pt in most cases will be opposed to such “interests” as we will, it is hoped, be carried out in a manner that will might expect the working men to ha.i-e-and not only please all the parties concerned, though no pubiic an- the interests of the working classes, but of the whole nounczment ‘may be looked for until the internal situn- country, as an illustration of which the following may tion in Egypt renders it necessary. be stated. Unfortunately, îhe internal situation in Egypt is 1;iL very satisfactory just now. The recent plot to assassi- Some time ago word was passed round in select nate several of the highiy-placed British officials, includ- House of Commons circles that a boom in Marconi ing Lord Kitchener himself, has naturally been follo\;l.ed shares was imminent. There was, it will be recollected, by the arrzst and imprisonment of the ringleaders ; but an enormous rise, and by means of nominees three this plot must be regarded rather as a symptlolm than as

An animated fight was the result. Mi-. John Burns led Omens at the Congress. the attack (on “ the apostles of anarchy ” and they were “crushed” in due and approved form. Mr.. Sam Woods THETrade Union Congress, now- meeting at Newport, was elected secretary and iVr. Tom Mann had to con- is lof some historic interest, for at it will be heard for fine his efforts to I.L.P. organisation. Yet to-day the the first time the distant rumblings sf the industrialist Congress, as a body, is committed to the I.L.P. policy. guns. The real struggle between the industrialist and The Snowdens ,of the Norwich period, in their own way, political sections is as yet some way off; the industrials tabled a resolution “ to afford Congress an opportunity are too young and disorganised tlo offer effective battle of giving its answer to those apostles of anarchy whom to the flea-bitten political officials who still control no experience can teach, who are going ablout,” etc., Trade Union affairs. Yet who can doubt thce fateful- etc. (vide supra). Yet had the Snowdens of 1894 been ness of ‘the far-off thunder? Men sense these things really successful where would be the little Snowdens of with sure instinct. Thus Mr. Philip Snowden, writing 1912? in the “Christian Commonwealth,” fixes upon this par- The activities of the I.L.P. led to endless discussions ticular issue as the most significant, if not the most in succeeding congresses as to the wisdom and pro- important, on the agenda of the Congress. He rejoices priety of trade unionism entering politics. The old- that thie Parliamentary Committee has put downa’ a fashioned leaders of Congress doubted whether the resolution raising the alternative policies of the strike I.L.P. hiad any kind of numerical following. They ac- and political action. It is done “ tlo afford Congress cordingly decided to clip the I.L.P. wings by trans- an opportunity of giving its answer to those apostles of forming the system of voting. The old method of anarchy, whom no experience can teach, who are going counting by delegates was abrogated and card voting about thle Trade Unions denouncing Parliamentary according to the numerical strength of the unions 1%-as action and calling upon the workers to rise in their substituted. Another change was also adopted. Pre- millions and their majesty,” etc., etc. We understand, viously any member of a trade union could secure a of course, that to this Parliamentary cobbler there’s delegation no matter what might be his present occu- nothing like political leather. Mr. Snowden is, how- pation. It was by this rule that Mr. Keir Hardie ever, a very young man, who cannot be expected to represented the Ayrshire miners. The new rule stipulated remember the history of the Congress, for it has been thalt only tbose were eligible who were bonâ fide work- full of (omens, which ought to give hiin pause. If there ing at their trade or were paid officials lof their union. were nothing (portentous in the resolution, we may be This rule excluded Mr. John Burns, Mr. Keir Hardie, sure that Mr. Snowden would not give it such pro- and a few nondescript delegates of no significance. minence. It is certain that the industrial section will “ Now,” said the old gang of the Snowden type, “we be beaten by an (overwhelming majority. Why then shall have peace.” Vain hope ! The political dragon’s should this politician waste space upon it? Because an teeth had been sown and there was an abundant crop. instinctive foreboding warns him that these “apostles All lover the Congress field sprang up Parliamentary of anarchy ’’ are but the outposts of a new force that weeds with such prolific growth that the true Congress will dispense with tonguesters. The heavy humour, r’ose blushed unseen. “ This ~~n’tdo,” finally averred partially quoted abolve, is mere 1vhistling to keep up his the elderly Snowdens, “we must shunt the politicians co u r alg e. into a conference of their own, so that we may attend to The reference to “ anarchists ” reminds us of the our lawful concerns.” So said, so done; the Labour Swansea Congress (1888 or thereabouts), when the late Representation Committee was formed. “ NOW,” Mr. Broadhurst denounced the late hk. Keir Hardie in cried the particular Snowdens of that particular period, -\.cry much the same terms. Yet, oddly enough, &Ir. “ we shall have peace.” Vain hope ! In a few short Broadhurst died bef’ore Mr. Keir Hardie. \%‘e remem- years they were in consternation lest they should be ber that “ Mr. Broadhurst crushed the Scotch inter- forgotten in the noise and clamour of )the bantling they loper” (vide the local Press) just as this week the in- had $broughtto life. Very solon the bantling itself was dustrialists will be “ crushed.” Our late lamented throwing out hints that its belloved parent might ad- friend, Mr. Keir Hardie, lived to fight another day. vantageously be superannuated. The L.R.C. had be- At that tirne he strenuously advocated the eight-hours come the Labour Party, whilst the rank and file became day, and, despite Mr. Broadhurst’s opposition, finally politically infatuated. It is an instance of the strange saw it carried at the Belfast Congress. In like manner, mutability of human affairs. Had the Labour Party (in ilIr. Snowden will live to see Congress recognise the which the elderly and younger Snowdens were now fact that its true function is economic organisation. By united) shown any kind of political aptitude, it is just that time, Mr. Snowden will either have secured a job possible that Congress might have become a back num- or he will be busy assuring the “ Christian Common- ber. Fate, however, can always safely reckon upon wealth ” that this was the policy that always lay the congenital stupidity of the Snowden breed, and, in nearest his heart. consequence, ‘opinion is rapidly swinging back in More ominous was the advent of the “ new union. allegiance to the parent body. ism.” The great dock strike marked a new era in the On the whole, it is better so. Congress, in its own life of the Congress. Mr. John Burns (“ vhere vas dat vague way, primarily stands for economic organisation barty now?”), Mr. Tom Mann and Mr. Ben Tillett were and the industrial struggle. It is true that it will its apostles. It did not readily “find acceptance,” as endorse the Labour Party’s programme, but that signi- the Quakers say, amongst the skilled trades, which then fies little. Its chief-indeed, its only-function is the in- composed Congress. Its admission into the sacred dustrial regimentation of labour. Whether it will rise circle was (obstructed by the Snowdens of that day on to its supreme mission is a question that only time can sound technical grounds. The new unionism rcpw- answer. But with the growing disillusionment of sented “ the apostles of anarchy.” (By the way, is it political effort and the increasing strain of industrial not rather odd that when a choleric old aristocrat or a life, it is not unreasonable to anticipate a new concep- Parliamentary Socialist want to denounce anybody, ti’on followed by a new birth. In this new union life, both use the same term of abuse-“ anarchist ! ”) This it is only natural that the industrialist, in contradistinc- vear the President of Congress is hh-. Will Thorne, tion to the politician, will play the leading part. ihe secretary of a “new” union. The Conservative It is curious that the Snowdens (middle-aged type) clements in the early ’nineties prophesied that the admis- are electing tlo fight on the issue of anarchism. Why sion lof unskilled trades, without benefit funds, un- not on Syndicalism? Can it be that Syndicalism is prenticed raw serfs, would mean the disruption of Con- already so popular that a frontal attaick is deemed un- gress. Eyes had they, but they saw not the omens. wise? But the “ old gang ” will )be well-advised not to The foundation of the I.L.P. in 1892 soon created a reckon upon Syndicalism as their final protagonist. qew situation in the internal affairs of Congress. At Guild Socialism will certainly have much to say in the the Norwich meeting delegates wearing I. L. P. badges fulness of time. There are broadly three intellectual exceeded one hundred in number, and as a test of their divisions in the new army : the Syndicalists, who ex- strength, they nominated Mr. Tom Mann as secretary. clude politics absolutely and realise no organised com- 439

munity outside their own economic fellowship ; the This is the explanation of the relatively sudden cessa- industrial unionists, who agree with the Syndicalists as tion of the Home Rule agitation in the midland and to the efficacy of “ direct action,” but who have no southern counties from 1903 onwards and the frenzied reasoned objection to political action; and the Guild appeals of the politicians for money in America and the Socialists, who alone can give a philosophic basis to the Colonies. army of revolt. But th’e real struggle is not yet. At In a word, large numbers of Irish farmers wanted the present Congress, as we have said, only the rumb- Home Rule for a purely practical end. Having achieved lings of the distant guns will be hseard. Perhaps in a their end, they have no further use for Home Rule, few years the industrial army will achieve philosophic which is now unwanted. It is desired, €or purely selfish harmony; it is certainly destined to supplant the poli- reasons, by the professional politicians and their sup- ticians. Poor little Snowden and his tribe have already porters in the Press, who would simply be parasites, had their day and Heaven is their home. producing nothing, but weighing heavily on the farmer, who produces everything. But if Home Rule is now a matter of indifference even in those circles where it was On Home Rule. formerly called for with fierce energy, why should such By J. M. Kennedy. bitterness against it be sholvn in Ulster‘? The answer WHENI revisited my fatherland a few weeks ago I went to this question necessitates some little consideration

with two impressions-that the ‘(resistance” in the of the religious part of the agitation; and this is an North was greatly exaggerated, and that bloody riots aspect of the Irish trouble which has never been in the East, \Vest, and South of Ireland were inevitable adequately grasped in England. if the Home Rule Bill were not passed. I came back to Readers of Ranke’s “ History of the Popes”-to name London with these impressions reversed. Ulster I found what is still probably the most popular book on the to be twice as grim, sincere, and determined as even the subject-will remember his description of the struggle Unionist papers made her out to be; while in such waged between the Reformers and the Vatican for more representative Nationalist centres as are to be found in than a century and a half. Protestantism captured the Louth, Wicklow, Cavan, Dublin, Limerick, and Galway North of Europe, Catholicism retained the South; and I was surprised to note that the Home Rule Bill was during a whole generation a struggle was kept up for regarded with comparative indifference. There are, I the doubtful territory that lay between. This doubtfuI willingly adlmit, numerous groups and societies of territory, on the whole, became Catholic. England, Nationalists to whom Home Rule is all-important ; and Scotland, Norway and Sweden, Denmark, North Ger- throughout Ireland-but especially, I think, in Dublin- many, all went the way of the Reformers; France, South there are many rising poets and men of letters, not all Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain and Portugal either of them hopeless idealists, who look to an ‘‘emanci- rejoined or remained with Rome. The Catholics in the pated” Ireland as the best possible ground for the birth northern countries and the Protestants in the southern of a new culture and art. When I say that Ulster is countries were so small in numbers, relatively, that for determined to resist Home Rule to the end, and that nearly a century it has been found possible to “tolerate’’ Munster, Leinster, and Connaught are apathetic, I them. And in the northern countries the progress of speak generally, and I believe that I convey a correct rationalistic science has undermined religious faith. No gene r al inp r e s si on. one will say now that the British people are capable of A different opinion will naturally be conveyed by the exhibiting as much intensity of religious feeling as they Nationalist newspapers and the Nationalist members of did at the time of Elizabeth, at the time of Cromwell, Parliament. Rut the views expressed in the Nationalist at the time of James II, or even during the early Vic- papers about Home Rule no more represent the opinions torian period. In short, the present-day Englishman of the Irish people than the opinion of the Insurance Act does not take his reIigion or his politics very seriously. which we find in the average Liberal newspaper repre- In Ireland the case is altogether different. The Re- sents the opinion of the English people on that particu- formation, which has passed over all other European lar measure. As for the Irish M.P.’s, they are simply countries and has long been forgotten by them, is still professional politicians, aEd we are now beginning to a living force in Ireland. If the Protestant elements of know, even in England, what that means. If I were a the population were as few as they are, say, in Italy, professional politician myself, and in their position, I they could be neglected; and if the Catholic elements should naturally do all in my power to bring Home Rule were as few as they are in, say, England, they could be about. At the present time 311 classes of Dublin society equally neglected. But, unfortunately, the proportion are openly discussing the jobbery in Irish Government of Protestants to Catholics is as I to 3. The Protes- appointments which has prevailed under the very nose tants are so numerous that they cannot be neglected, of the Earl of Aberdeen. All Irishmen are by this time and they cannot be absorbed. On ordinary occasions accustomed to jobbery at Dublin; but since the present we find both sects working together fairly well-as, for Government came into office the list of scandals, as has example, in the co-operative societies, though not, as a been proved to me, has become appallingly large. Now, rule, on boards of guardians and similar public bodies. with a Parliament on College Green, Ireland would in But intermarriage is extremely tare; and in scores of a few years become as corrupt as Great Britain or the other ways the religioas contrast becomes app,arent. United States. The present Irish Nationalist M.P.’s To go to Ireland after a long residence abroad is like have demonstrated their ability to drive bargains with going back to the England of 1688. Religion, far from the Cabinet, and they would have even greater oppor- being something to be exercised perfunctorily on a Sun- tunities of driving bargains with capitalists and con- day, if even then, is something that meets us at every cession-hunters if they were 6’on their own.” They turn. If a man applies for a situation of any kind, from would not, I am sure, neglect their friends on the Press; that of scavenger to a Government post, his religion is and men of their class, of course, never dream of the certain to be inquired after. The one sect, as I found “ interests” of the “ people.” to my amazement, still regards the souls of the other as Up to 1903 Home Rule was a live question in all lost. parts of Ireland, for the very good reason that the We cannot compare the feeling between Protestants agriculturists in the East, South, and West wished to and Catholics in Ireland with the feeling between buy their farms. But in 1903 the Wyndham Land Act Churchmen and Dissenters in England. In the latter came into operation, and Home Rule dropped out of the case the distinction is chiefly a class distinction-it is running. Some 300,000 small farmers took advantage certainly a case of class distinction rather than of religi- of the Act between its inception and 1911,and they, ous distinction. The Dissenters here, again, are gene- with their dependents, account for a large proportion of rally Home Rulers-i.e., they vote for the nominees of the population These farmers are much more practical that particular caucus which assumes an interest in people than they are usually supposed to be. They Home Rule for the purpose of securing the support in wanted Home Rule merely as a means to an end, and the House of Commons of the Irish Nationalists. But having secured their end by other means they took little in Ireland the Dissenters are included in the term “Pro- further interest in the means they had been advocating. testant” and are anti-Home Rulers. 440

Now, the present system of Irish representation pre- classes, for only in this way can they be representative vents an open rupture of a religious nature between the of the farming community which controls them. The two strong religious elements. Both sides return “State,” it should be emphasised, is trying tao Secure members to Westminster, and any quarrels there may the control of these societies for its own dirty ends- be are decided there in an atmosphere which, as-com- hence the anger of the Irish M.P.’s with Sir Horace pared with the atmosphere of any Parliament meeting Plunkett and Mr. Russell. That the “ people” should on College Green, can fairly be described as enlightened. control anything at all will no doubt seem strange to However poor the tone of the House of Commons may Englishmen accustomed to the control of politicians be, judged from an intellectual standpoint, I do not more or less corrupt; but in Ireland the thing is being think the members would listen with patience to argu- done. Can n-e wonder, then, that the Irish farmers ments based solely on superstition; for the educational are, to say the least, indifferent to a political incubus grievances ‘of the Nonconformists were of a different which threatens their existence as much as the gombeen nature. In Ireland, however, the people are not in the man himself ever did? habit of taking these matters lightly; and, in discussing Let me sum up the result of my observations thus : Irish affairs, English people must try to imagine them- (I) The Irish people, taking them as a whole, do not selves surrounded by a religious, not to say fanatical, want the Home Rule Bill; and one-fourth of them are atmosphere similar to that which prevailed at Geneva actively opposed to it. some three centuries ago. (2) The spirit of Ulster’s resistance is quite genuine It is often maintained by supporters of Home Rule, and determined; and Ulster, further, is for practical however, that the coming struggle in Ireland, in the purposes a Protestant province. The Roman Catholics event of the Bill being passed, will not be between Pro- there, with relatively few exceptions, belong to the testant and Catholic, but between Catholic layman and classes that do not count, either intellectually or socially. Catholic priest. It is pointed out that Catholic rational- (3) Home Rule would not benefit the Irish farmers- ists aïe coming into prominence-men, perhaps, who the predominating class-but only the politicians; and might have followed Father Hyacinthe in France-and with politics the country is already sufficiently cursed. that the rising generation will not be browbeaten by tlic (4) The religious feeling in Ireland will be assuaged, Church. This argument, whatever I may have thought not embittered, by joint economic action ; it will be of it before, seems to me now to be worthless. The eiiorniously intensified by political action. The future Intellectuals” at the back of the Sinn Fein and the of Ireland will be a matter of economics, not of politics. Gaelic movements are not powerful enough to have (5) The real struggle lies between the professional very much effect on the masses of the people. Let it politicians and the people, and only lo this extent do the also be acknowledged that, considered purely as intel- majority of the people take a serious interest in politics lectuals, they are not very powerful either. Whatever at all. there may now remain of Irish art and folklore must be (6) The Irish “intellectuals” 2re few in number, and looked for among the people and not among the intel- their influence is small. One exception is Mr. G. W. lectuals. Fairies are passably interesting, but pseudo- Russel!, and his paper, “The Irish Homestead,” which fairies like Mr. Yeats and the late Mr. Synge are not the politicians cordially detest. so. The Ireland depicted in their plays, I may as well I would conclude with a word on Mr. James remark in passing, is an Ireland that does not exist. Douglas’s articles, Mr. Douglas being perhaps the only No; the priest is, and !oolts like remaining indefinitely, London journalist who has hitherto writtcn on the Irish the most important man in Catholic Ireland; and both question with anything resembling sense. He wrote Rome and the priesthood are anti-Home Rulers : they recently in the ‘‘ Daily News,” earnestly suggesting that wish to leave things as they are. both parties in Ireland should find a “neutral sod.” I Home Rule being now dead, except among the profes- submit to Mr. Douglas that this “neutral sod” has sional politicians, what problems will have to be faced already been found, and it may be looked for in the in Ireland? They relate chiefly to agriculture and in- co-operative movement. Here both parties work to- dustry. Economics, as THENEW AGE has been trying gether quite amicably. But Mr. Douglas, it seems to to point out for months past, are more important than me, is too much preoccupied with the Home Rule Bill politics. It was a good political action tp let the small and not sufficiently with the people of Ireland. The farmers and labourers buy their land, but it did not go Irish papers, of course, have scorned his views and sug- far enough. The “gombeen man” still remained; and gestions ; but the Irish people as a whole, without it took a new economical system to start getting him out knowing anything about his suggestions, have already of the way. These leeches who preyed on the farmers, acted on them. Mi.. Douglas, as a journalist, wields a particularly in the west, have been severely hit by the great deal of influence. Can he not get his ov7n party co-operative societies inaugurated by Sir Horace Plun- to recognise that the Home Rule Bill is not wanted, kett and Mr. George W. Russell; and these co-opera- except by the politicians? I suggest that his own re- tive societies are of ten times more importance to Ireland cognition d this $act would weigh with a Cabinet which than any number of Home Rule Bills. The vituperation can afford to neglect Nationalist votes and otherwise to which Mr. Russell was recently subjected by the Irish stands to gain little by proceeding with the measure. Parliamentary Party because of an article published in Let Mr. Douglas neglect the Irish Press, and this, that, a London magazine dealing with his work is of much and the other non-representative Nationalist body, and significance. The co-operative societies referred to are let him p straight among the people, as I have done. not unlike guilds in their organisation; and they have What he will learn, see, and hear will doubtless surprise the supreme merit of being controlled by the farmers him, as it surprised me. Incidentally, Mr, Douglas will and not by the State. I say “supreme merit,” because learn what the people of Ireland think of the Insurance one does not have to know much about the “State” in Act, and what they think of their so-called representa- Ireland to become aware how corrupt and inefficient it tives for not having accepted the Cabinet’s offer to is, and how it is used by those in power as a convenient vaivc the Act so far as Ireland was concerned. That means of jobbery-and jobbery, too, of the most negotiations to this end were really entered upon is flagrant nature. The battle of the future is between known well enough, and the organisers of the co-opera- movements such as that started by the Irish Agricultural tive movement have not tried to keep the fact a secret. Organisation Society and the politicians, whether in London or Dublin. DR. HOFFMAN’S RHEUMATIC POWDERS. Each This is but saying, in other words, that the struggles powder was found to contain chiefly acetyl-salicylic of the future, in Ireland as in other countries, will be acid and sugar. Some phenacetin, a little caffeine, economical rather than political; and it is gratifying to and a little moisture were also present. Acetyl- note that Irishmen of all creeds and parties, while they salicylic acid is also known by the trade names of cannot act together in political harmony, can and do aspirin, xaxa, etc. The powders are supplied in act together economically. The very nature of the co- boxes at 1/19 and 2/9. A I/I+ box was found to operative movement renders it necessary that the mem- contain 12 powders. The estimated cost of the bers of the societies should be of all denominations and materials for 12 powders is rd. 441

with Court functionis. Over and over again Mr. Have- Making Insurgents. lock Wilson has invited them to co-operate with him in his attack upon the capitalists. But hlr. Wilson was SIX months ago it was prophesied in this review that once a steward, he has never been either a “ captain ” the officers of the British Merchant Service would dis- or an “ officer,” and the very men who in their wind- play a very different temper towards the shipowners in bag days have starved before the mast, whfo have been August, 1912,from that shown by then during the Sea- glad to smear galley-slush on their biscuits for lack of men’s Strike of August, 1911. With uncanny precision butter, are reluctant to learri trade union strategy from that forecast has been verified, and the capitalist Press a man whose life-long study has been to beat the ern- has had quite unusual difficulty in neglecting and ployer at his own game of skill. That obstacle is re- diminishing the reports of a strike in London organised moved. We may venture another forecast and say that by a new and ungentlemanly body calling themselves the at no distant date Havelock Wilson will not knock at Union of Masters and Mates. The silly old gibe albout the door of the Masters and Mates in vain. the insignificance of a name was never less relevant Another example of the wholesale manufacture of than in this cas’e. In a former article I explained that insurigents is the strike of apprentices during last week most Masters and Mates were members of the Imperial in Scotland. This, like most other matters of industrial Merchant Service Guild, and described the attitude of importance, has received no attention by the Press. The that bady towards their foe-to-the-death, the Shipping result is that the public neither knows nor cares a Federation. They insist, with comic reiteration, on the damn. Apprentices are, of course, of no account : they status of their members as “Captains and Officers,” are only boys. It is all the more necessary, therefore, thzir paid secretary has been providcd v,,ith a court that the readers of this review should be apprised of dress and attends the King’s Levee, his Majesty (hïm- the state of affairs. The present discGntents are cnly self an old sea-dog) has graciGusly accepted an em- the fluttering5 which precede an explosicn. blazoned copy of their Gazette, and their chief political The reason given by these lads for their rash @ion support is derived from the generous industry of Lord is the Insurance Act. That measure has been fully Muskerry. All ‘this, though it tickled the fancy and enough dealt with in these columns by competent pens, fed the pride of the many clomfortable and well-to-do but I may be permitted to point out that to deduct members, buttered no parsnips, and, as we expected, it several pence from a weekly wage of seven or eight reduced bona-fide insurgents .to a condition borderin;; shillings when the contributor is an indentured appren- on frenzy. It led, in fact, to the formation, some three tice, is legislation run mad. Anyone who has witnessed months ago, of the Union of Masters and Mates. Here the pandemonizm in the paying-off offices lately, where was a glimmer of sensle. Instead of using what cuyrent shipmasters have had to purchase 2nd stick on some two American slang calls “ pipe-dream ” language, these hundred stamps, beside filling in the forms with dates, ungentlemanly fellows called their venture a union, i.e., names, addresses, ratings, name, :lumber and registered a trade union. The words “ captains and officers” tonnage of ship, mighlt doubt if 2. patient public could v~ercdropped overboard. To be brutally frank, there be further tried. But the irritation of the shipmasters are no such persons in the Mercantile Marine. Captain is but a summer breeze beside the foam-flecked fury of is a courtesy title like those used by the Salvation Army, the young nien in the Scottish yards. From fifteen to and has no (meaning in law. The Board of Trade issue ltwenty they work an average wcek of sixty hours for certificates of competency to mxters and mates. If a 3 wage rieing from six to twelve shillings. The reader master has an R.N.R. commission he is some- of THENEW AGE, be he barrister, doctor, architcct, or times a commander, but generally a lieutenanr. At what not, will observe at once, “ Well, I got ncthing at evcry turn, however, the new union offended the all in wages when I was learning my business,” and genteel class-consciousness of the Guild, but on the that would be a sound reply to $he old conditionsl- approach of trouble, to show that they were in no way guild conditidns-when the apprentice was taken as a desirous of handing a victory to the shipowners by pupil and a fee charged for his tuition. In the English breaking thle defence in a fresh place, the Union of engine-shop where I served there were three or four Masters and Mates offered to retire if the Guild would hundred men to some half-dozen apprentices. But in the d:al with the difficulty in a vigorous manneï. NOW thc North t’ne word apprentice has no meaning. In one of Guild’s notion of vigorous measures is as follows. They the largest firms on th’e Clyde there are about fifty write a long and courteous letter to MI-. Cuthbert Lawes journeymen ta three hundred and fifty apprentices. In and receive 2 Ion,.: and courteous reply from &Ir. Lawes’ 3 sa-ixll shop well kno~wn to nie they en~phyfour secretary. They then wait a fetv weeis, 309 Mr. Lawes’ journeymen and thirty apprentices. Sori-i.2 of the latest secretary with 3 polite note, and reeci7,re an apologetic zntl finest ships of the hotel-type have been prxticaIly and guardcd evasicn. They express 3 hope that the built and engined by apprentices. kverqe wrrge, nicc matter will receive consideration. Mr. Lawes’ secretary sh i11 i n >; s. then sends them a brief acknowledgmext of their lerter Now it must not be imagined th:it .this is ;1 mere trde of thse -th instant. There the niattei- rzsts. This is dispute, with no reference to the middle classes. ‘i’hcse dignified, but of no us’e to the insurgents, so, the Guild youths, though themselves xirage-earners, :re in many declining tu do anything so low as to strike, thle ncw cases the SOES of salary drawers, bred at cxcel!cnt Union, vaiiant almost to folly, attacks one of the largest SC~OO!S, full of ambition to win through, and sen’? down and most ruthless shipping companies and demands the here to the Clyde to work out their destinies. A strike reinstatcrnent of their member, a chief mate, who has on their part was another crack in the bourgeois tradi- been dismissed for refusing to do docker’s work during tion, and as sluch is to he welcomed. Like the Union of the dockers’ strike. If the public were not so interested Masters and Mates, they are unorganised, and will be in the shooting sport of the King (himself an old sea.. beaten. What is worse, they will be forXiIren, becav~~: dcg), the shoIoting affray at Eastbourne, and similar their parents are in sympathy, to a certain extent, wii,h trivialities, they might study the pathetic heroism of a the employers and Mr. Lloyd George. Eut like the CI, .> i T- handful of seafaring men, without organising experi- Union of Masters and Mates, they will lenrn L.‘-- ence, without money, without anythinjg sxve British defeat, and return to the att2ck. pluck, standing up to the gonderous gold-ballasted bulk (Chief Engineer) WILLIAMMCFEE. of a great railroad and steamship combine. The result Glasgow. is foregone. They will be beaten, the Guild Wll say, II-- exultingly, “ I told you so,” and the insurgents will HOMOCEA. Analysis showed the presence of euca- step aside to take breath 2nd plan a fresh attnck. lyptus oil in considerable proportion, x-ery small Nevertheless, they have done a notable thing. They quantities of oil of lemon and ammonia, with bees- have broken with the bourgeois tradition of their class, wax, and a soft fat which seemed to consist of Iard they have Aimg away the gilt sword and grasped the and cocoanut oil in about equal parts. A I /I* tin hlvdgeon, and there is the brightest prospect that they contained about $ oz., and a 2/9 tin about 2$ ozs. will gradually rope in the plain, hard-fisted element who The estimated cost of ingredients for 2-& ozs. is are growing indifferent to their secretary’s acquaintance 2id. 442

that when this comes there will not be additional diffi- Problems of Sex. culties to encounter in the form of eugenic artificialities. By M. B. Oxon. When we have by some means produced truth in our souls and have so moved away the shadow of the fig- VI. leaf, there is another important fact which may be dis- MUCHwill have been gained when we can control our covered, namely, that carnal lust is not the only pos- mind, but we must guard against the dangers which sible outcome of sexuaI affection, but that even on the this carries with it. For unless we can also set up material and quasi-material plane of body many of our some true ideal to which mind will hold we may find needs can be satisfied far short of this. The satisfac- ourselves worse off than before. The clue which alone tion of mere presence is much underrated, as also that can lead us through our difficulties is one to which we of mere touch, chiefly because they get so woven into now pay but little attention, and that of a very per- the weft of bodily sex that they are hardly distin- functory kind. It is the recognition of the idea of guishable from it. Sight and sound are senses which Truth. Not only in words, but also in our actions; we use habitually, though we are so on oui- guard not only to others, hut also to ourselves. We say against all the ugliness and uproar around us that we one thing and mean another. We think one are seldom free to recognise the emotional side as we thing and do another. The first is considered should do. But the sense of touch is by most people by strict moralists to be wrong, the second is looked looked on as only childish. I remember an exhibition on as rather a meritorious act, but it is really the at which notices were placed about which ran, origin of most of our troubles. It is much more disas- “Children learn by touch, adults by sight.” This, no trous than many of the more obvious causes which are doubt, was a good way of keeping hands off, but to credited with the decay of the race. The idea of treat- be true it should have said, “normal adults.” If this ing moral lapses medically is, of course, beyond the ignorance of the use of touch is so great even in utili- circumference of the science at present. Besides the tarian connections, clearly the emotion of touch must asylum there is only the reformatory where the chief be pretty well extinct in man, though in animals it is truth which is inculcated is that it is well to hide your very powerful. A good many women possess the sense emotions. What the condition of the eugenic child of texture, and some men are limited by it in their will be it is hard to imagine. The treatment of ouï choice of underwear. I once knew a man who covered emotions is what we really need, but these are looked all the brass door handles with velvet. But those who on as hardly having any objective reality, and quite even notice the discomforts of touch are a minority, out of the reach of treatment except by “mental” and those who appreciate its pleasures and emotions methods, and the men who can be trusted to use are very few. It is a valuable sense for ernotional uses. these are, alas! much fewer than those who do em- So few artists have employed it consciously for emo- ploy them. But better times may be coming. Medi- tional purposes that it is far less degraded towards cine, like the rest of our knowledge, is at present under and connected with sex than is, for example, music, the curse of intellect. Transcendental medicine in all which, when emotional and not only coldly intellectual, its forms is regarded only as an ignorant delusion of is very liable to be translated sexually. Music, how- our forefathers. But when so many of the foolish eyer, when rightly used, is probably the most potent imaginings of our forefathers are proving tlo have been orderer and disorderer of the emotions which exists, based on right fundamental conceptions, conceptions and this, I think, more by means of its rhythm and too big for formal mind to comprehend until they had timbre than by those aspects which are most generally been crystallised out in the course of time, it seems considered. I believe that in ancient days certain worth while to look at others, too, not with a precon- modes were forbidden because of their psychological ceived certitude that they are wrong, but with an open effects, just as a certain hautboy-like pipe was for- mind. This many of the less cocksure are doing, and bidden for many years in Hungary. Dancing, too, apparently with results which give promise of great is highly emotional, and also singing, and here again things to come. it is the rhythm which counts for much. In fact, sing- Modern medicine still looks at the outside of things, ing and dancing are probably, though not as now popu- even if it uses a microscope to do so, though modern larly used, the best sex-antidotes which we have. physics has already begun to follow, in some degree, Our object seems to be to recognise more these the inner way. It decides what is wrong, and then different forms of emotion other than sex, and so to how this ought to be put right again. Sometimes it open them up as various channels which later can be happens on the right way of doing so, often it does used as outlets for our ‘emotions in other directions. not; very often, in fact, if we include all the diseases This closely resembles the idea of artistic education, which are given up as a bad job to start with, mental but differs from it in being separated from intellect. All diseases and emotional disturbances in particular; and activities of this kind are outlets for and antidotes to all the others where, though the treatment is successful, sex so long as they are not routine activities. There the patient dies. Eugenics is not to be blamed in so must be the emotional (not hysterical) force in them, much as it is only extending this logical method of and this is incompatible with routine. Routine has, treating things which are not on the plane of logic. however, its very needful place in the forming of habits Its results may be good in the direction in which it the value of which I have already noticed. At present happens to be Iooking, but there is considerable pro- we have far too much and far too little routine. It is bability that in other directions unforeseen and worse spread out too thin, the hours are too long and the things will happen. With the rabbits of Australia as routine too incomplete. This is connected with our a warning it will have no excuse if it makes a mess of ignorance of the management of mind. Hence the things. The idea of subverting all the rules of the greater part of the day is spent in a routine which is of universe in order to grow good radishes is no doubt no value as such, arid a mere fragment of time is left a very fine one, if the universe will agree to it. But for recreation. How, with so little time to spend over it is quite unnecessary to try such heroic methods until it, can anyone be expected to give up well-known ways we have at least taken the trouble to consider other of emotional satisfaction to look for new ones? It means of producing the results we want, and as yet seems that thle gods have sent an opportunity for some we have not done so. At best, too, the soul is left change in educational methods for the masses; let us unconsidered. hope that it will be taken. We do not want a super- It is fairly safe to prophesy that in ten years, or ficial and intellectual acquaintance with many set sub- perhaps even sooner, transcendental medicine, of which jects (except in so far as it is to be a deliberately utili- homoeopathy is the form that is now with us, will tarian education), but to learn to be interested in the have changed places with the present methods, in- one to which we are best suited. “To be interested cluding serumtherapy, organotherapy and vaccines, in” a thing rather suggests the idea of being right in which are mistaken attempts in the right direction, the middle of it, head over ears in love with it. This and that we shall find ourselves able to direct many subject should not be the one chosen for the routine things from the inside, as it were, which we are now part of life, but for the recreational part. Common powerless to control from the outside. Let us hope interests of this kind, if they are real, will mean a truer 443 understanding between men. We shall not then be so which they both belonged, had the bad taste to recog- easily deceived by expert authorities. We shall not nise him while they were dining at adjacent tables. confound the issues so much, and shall no longer let “ You have the advantage of me, Sir,” was the only a musical critic who is really only an historian, or a remark gasped out by the disgusted lord of the literary critic who is only a grammarian, decide what we chambers, and conveying such a chill of terror in its ought to read or listen to, and obey them; nor an em- icy tone that the disciple, leaving his dinner almost un- pirical law-giver who is really only an administrator tell tasted, fled from the room as if he had found a cobra- us what we ought to do, and this with so much under- capello coiled up under his chair. standing and insight into our needs that more than There were no compulsory examinations. When the half the people do not do it unless they are forced to. necessary number of dinners had been eaten, and so of Public opinion will become a more real thing than it terms kept, the wig and gown were assumed automati- is now, though even now it is generally good and cally, after no further preliminary than a call-supper. powerful. But I am afraid this is not going to happen As it had been in the days of Pendennis, so it was all in a minute, and also that we have wandered some- during the whole season of Theophilus Quickset’s what from our subject; so we must now return to the forensic studies ; these were not indeed completed sexual question of the present time. without his having found opportunities for proving the stuff of which he was made by the Socratic process of question and answer to the satisfaction of pundits ap- A Book of Swells; pointed by several societies and boards in order to test A Daniel Come to Judgment. candidates’ qualifications €or the scholarships and other honours in their gift. Apart from the Civil Ser- By T. H. S. Escott. vice Commissioners, and the old-established University HE first made his mark as an advocate in what, for Posers, there were, and are, all kinds of examinations those unsophisticated days, served as a cause célèbre. about which persons trained on the old-fashioned lines During the late ’sixties, as indeed throughout what re- never heard anything. The City Companies, the Lin- mained of the nineteenth century, the law courts had coln’s Inn, and the Temple benefactors retain quite an not become the stage for screaming farce, smart tra- army of grave and learned men whose sole business gedy, or society melodrama. Temple Bar had not been it is to satisfy thmeir employers that candidates for swept away from the Strand. Of the Royal Law Courts various emoluments and prizes are not dunces. In this building not one stone had been placed upon another. way Theophilus Quickset, while learning his profes- Very distant, therefore, was the date at which our then sional rudiments, had given as many formal proofs of youthful Hortensius was, partly by the good luck which industry and intelligence as are required from a Chinese waits upon merit, partly by his own cross-questioning mandarin before he can be presented with his red coral cleverness, on that occasion first conspicuously dis- button. Nest, by way of gaining the insight into State played, found himself among the leading figures in an departments that he foresaw might some day come in unimportant, but really quite interesting little judicial handy, he took a writership in one of the public ofices comedy. At the point notv looked back upon, the now flanking Whitehall. About the same time he budding- Church and State champion not so very long doubled the parts of the Parliamentary reporter for a previously had entered himself at Lincoln’s Inn with no long since defunct Tory journal and taker down of law other capital for starting on the road to success than cases for a purely professional print. came from his first-rate brains, his ready wit, his That journalistic experience helped him a good deal fluent tongue, and a small, as well as precarious allow- on his earliest legal appearance, as counsel for a news- ance from his father, not always a well-to-do tradesman paper proprietor of the smaller sort, when sued for in the electro-plate line. That was the period at which work and service done by a scribbling barrister of about the Inns of Court were chiefly recruited like ihc Uni- Quickset’s own standing. The proprietor in question, versities, from the sons of well-connected squires of the a well-known figure in al! the best sporting clubs, was lesser sort or country clergymen who held good living s bracketed with one of Benjamin Disraeli’s youthful and had private incomes. friends as the best whist player of his time. Out of his These sent their boys to one of those legal caravan- winnings he financed the little broadsheet which he had serais abutting on Chancery Lane, just as they had sent taken for payment of a bad debt. When, Itherefore, the them before to the school and the university at which case came on, the court was crowded with men about they had been themselves. It was, in fact, the tradi- town and some of their women-kind, impelled thither tional way of rounding off a liberal, or at least a by a curiosity to know how old Bumbledore-so the gentlemanly, education. Terms were kept by the simple gallant defendant was known-would look among those process of eating dinners ; for a handsome considera- Fleet Street fellows. Quickset’s examination of the tion, some high ornamefit of the Bar, in good practice, plaintiff was a cleverly-planned series of questions gave a few matriculated law students the run of his which, with the answers to them, presented a most chambers that they might learn the routine of their pro- amusing picture of a newspaper office’s inner life, and fession and see how easy it all looked-only to find its points of contact with more or less well-known when they set up on their own account that they had peopIe during the period when such matters had a learnt nothing, knew nothing, had no connection, and freshness and interest for the public, of which satiety that consequently, unless they had been in their Univer- has long since deprived them. More serious judges sity eleven or eight, or, like ithe forensic aspirant in saw in Quickset’s performance a rare power of lifting “ H.M.S. Pinafore,” were “ making love to an attor- up common subjects to a higher plane. At any rate it ney’s elderly ugly daughter,” no solicitor ever sent them was among those earlier efforts that made the young a brief. On the other hand, beyond, from time to time, advocate’s fortune. Disraeli’s “ ignoble melancholy arising from pecuniary Meanwhile, he was accumulating other credentials embarrassment,” they knew no more anxiety of any for future promotion to the high places of his trade. kind than when loafing through one or two Greek and His laborious researches on the methods and themanu- Latin authors for the Oxford or Cambridge pass facture of foreign offenders furnished material for schools. During their tutelary stage they came to volumes that are still text-books. With the other chambers when they-had nothing else to do, or stayed branch of his profession, which makes or unmakes bar- away, just as they pleased. The eminent jurisconsult, risters’ fortunes, he stood increasinqly well. Messrs. having received an entrance premium, as well as a ter- Fifa, of Seely Court, and Messrs. Vellumson, of Vic- minal fee, asked no questions; he did not indeed know toria Street, Westminster, from their different points his pupils by sight. of view, were loud in his praise. Nor was he less A certain member of thïs pleasant little company, an highly esteemed by the select band of ecclesiastically- unlicked cub from Oxford, or a newly-fledged graduate minded laymen, mho, with their clerical toadies, then from Aberdeen with the sand not yet blown out of his wielded immense influence. Lord Tomnoddy had just hair, meeting his titular preceptor, the great Deodand, brought forward his Church Permissive Bill for enabling K.C., at the Alliance Club in Trafalgar Square, to a locality to decide how many and what kind of places 444

of worship it would have, just as some people would A FATHER HAVING LOST A SON OF SIX have left to its discretion the number of public houses YEARS. needed to satisfy the legitimate thirst of its inhabitants. The then Archbishop of Canterbury had, during his My thoughts aver, thou canst not stir earlier days, been rector of a city parish in which That darling head, lay the electro-plate establishment of Quickset’s Nor half-awake peep from unfinished dreams father. That worthy tradesman had also been the Into this April day future primate’s churchwarden at St. Goggle’s in the Which bright and vacant seems East. What more natural than that when the infant A long room for thy play, Theophilus appeared on the scene, the rector of St. Since thou art dead. Goggle’s should not refuse a request to become the baby’s sponsor at the baptismal font. Since then the A week ago, thou wast agIow future archbishop had never lost sight of his god- With lambent youth, son. He now warmly approved that god-son’s I heard thy fresh mind sally into speech- notion of writing and lecturing throughout the country Attempt a tale and find against thle Church Permissive Bill. Very good of No words: we both laughed, each their kind these discourses and orations were. The To what was nearing blind. truth is, in all that he put his hand to, Quickset had I own the truth,- shown, not only ability, but that still rarer attribute which, when genuine, never fails-fet your. Me Thousands of times death hath young children caught, modestly believed in himself; he believed enthusias- And shall again slay others; tically in the nobility of the learned profession I do not fly the thought he had embraced, in the Reformation settlement Of thosc poor fathers, mothers ; of national religion, and in the union of State with I vaunt not that elsewhere shorn threads reknit : Church. The archbishop and his friend, the Prime My thoughts contend, “Here is an end,” Minister, settled it between them that Quickset must be And I submit. brought into Parliament. The last-named of these said T. STURGE M00RE. he was. in no hurry and blankly refused entering the House as anyone’s nominee or through any individual’s influence. There was plenty of time, he said, and he LIQUFRUTA MEDICA, “ the Great Consumption would wait his turn. Sooner than was expected, the Cure,” contains glucose, 3.44 parts : canc sugar, opportunity came in the following way. At a General 2.28 parts ; mucilaginous matter, 2.05 parts ; Election, sprung suddenly upon the country, Lord Raw- potassium bitartrate, 0.4 parts ; tannin, extractive, don Fitzreefer, the Marquis of Malplaquet’s younger and resin, together, 1.9 parts; with traces of oil and cleverer- son, carne forward for the family borough of peppermlint, oil of onion, or garlic, and of two alkaloids, neither of which gave the reactions of of Baquestares. “ Me is,” said the experienced light- any of the ordinary medicinal alkaloids, in a 100 blue election-agent, “ a clever young man enough, but I have a presentiment that when he first faces an audi- parts by measure of water. The price of a boittle ence he will be seized with platform panic and not be containing 128 fluid ‘ounces is 2/9. able to get out a word. We must have an understudy RED CROSS PILLS, for Kidney and Bladder troubles, on the spot in case of accident, and seeing what the contain copaiba resin (24.3 per cent.), oil of questions before the constituency are, Quickset, above copaiba, magnesia, liquorice, and starch. all others, is the one to hold in reserve.” .-_- TATCHO. A botile of the non-oily variety containing And so it turned out. Though speaking under the 5i fluid ounces is sold at 2s. 9d. It was found to shadow of the paternal mansion, Lord Rawdon came contain borax,. glycerine, a little formaldehyde solu- hopelessly to grief at his second sentence, and failed tion, a very little quinine, colouring matter, per- entirely to recover himself. The assembly was showing fume, alcohol, and water. The estimated cost of signs of impatience, and even ill temper, when Quick- the ingredients for fluid ounces is +d. set, who had all the fime been silently standing by, 5 came fcrward. His noble friend, hc said, was the EDWARDS’ HARLENE contains boras, solution of victim of a passing indisposition ; but Quickset thought ammonia, glycerine, brown colouring matter, per- he knew the points he would have submitted to thcni fume, alcohol, and water. The estimated COSt of had not his doctor forbidden his perseverence with the ingredients for six fluid ounces is Id. attempt. Then came a rattling address of a little under ZOTOS, “the infallible remedy against sea-sickness,” an hour. A few days later Lord Rawdon was returned for Slopley, the paternal seat; in his speech of thanks, is sold in boxes of 13 capsules at 2/19 per box. Each capsule contains a pink powder which con- he showed he had learned Quickset’s oratorical lesson sists of chlorbutlol, 76.9 per cent., and lactose, 23.0 to perfccticn. As all the world I.:non-s, Lord Rawdon per cent. Chlorbutol is bettz- known under the e~entuallydevclrped iqt-0 a smart debater and almost trade name Chloretone. ’i‘he estimated cost of 1 a sneaker as Quickset himFelf. That gentle- thc ingredients for 12 capsules is gd. man, representing as he did the truc-bli~cf2i:h in its rnost popular asoscts, was socn returned for a great SARGOL, “ the Flesh Producer.” A box, price 4/6, industrial bnrowh. Before he took the Chiltern Hun- was found to contain 30 tablets; it is strongly dreds he had distinguished himself as Law Officer of recommendled that a six weeks’ svpply, equal to six the Crown. 4/6 boxes, should be obtained, the pricc of this At St. Stephen’s, however, he was always in his being 21/-. Analysis showed the tablets to con- party rither than of it. He offended, it seems, many tain lecithin, hypophosphites of cxlcium, sodium, prejlidices by talking a little too much of his lowly and potassium, zinc phospliide, sugar, albumen, origin, of his earliest troubles, and of his tradc rch- and ksoluble protein, with talc and kaolin, or tives. This, however, did but commend him to the con- similar mineral matter, evidently added as euci- stituency fer which he sat and did not disserve him in picnt. The estimated cost of materials for 30 those quarters where he still remains a power. For tabIets is about I$d. conviction’s sake he has risked unpopularity. Never HOLROYD’S GRAVEL PILLS contain soap, 40 per living with smart people, neither hunting nor racing cent.; sodium carbonate, 20 per cent.; powdered so many of his own profession, he has lived among rhubarb, 20 per cent.; oil of anise, IO per cent.; the workers, can take their point of view, knows every syrup, IO per cent. * article in their case without flattering their vanity, mak- ___- ing himself the tool of their interest, or surrendering CARTER’S LITTLE LIVER PILES contain aloes, one iota of thme anti-popular light-blue creed which still podophyllin, powdered liquorice root, and wheat holds its own place in his powerful clear-seeing mind. starch. 445

There are in the south quaint remnants of the feudal. Patria Mia. system, of the plantation. Neither of these relics I. need be much considered in forecasting America of the IT is characteristic of this decade that one’s friends and future, save in this : that out of this more deeply rooted acquaintance would rather have one defend a position population come a part of the leaders. This root of the at length than define it accurately in a work of art. country does not produce the American type, it pro- It is part or a symptom of the prevailing method of duces now and again an individual. thtought which is in turn sprung from the methods of People marvel that foreigners deluge America and research used in the material sciences; used there with “ lose their own nationality almost at once.” That such splendid effect and so proficient to extend the ‘I thceir children all look alikle.” borders ‘of our knowledge. I mean the method of hit It mnst be considered that the men who come to or miss. You try every con3bination of chemicals until America from Hungary, or from Sweden, Kravats, you hit the right one, even to the sixth-hundredth of Slavs, Czecs, Italians, Germans, are men of similar experiments. And this method is pragmatical. It tastes and of similar intentions. Irish or Russian Jew, works in material science. the man co’mes with the determination to improve his In the arts, in the abstract sciences, one would as material condition. lief trust to the modus of geometry or the exact pro- We get from every village the most ruthless and the gress of the dialectician, but the age is against it. inost energetic. The merely discontented stop in Eng- It would rather define a gun as an explosion than land. We get the “ materialist ” and the “ idealist.” be bothered with the words necessary to set forth the I use both thes’e words with irony. The idealist who relation between them. comes to us is a man with a belief in the future, especi- It will define art as a “passionate desire for ac- ally his olwn future. He knows what he wants. He curacy ” in one place, or it will, in another, apply a wants to be better off. definition to an art which is equally applicable to a The other “ idealist,” the non-constructive idealist, science, #and be in no way concerned with the accurate the person who is content with his own thoughts, the nature bof definition in se. person whom it is the fashion to call “sentilmentalist,” “ A passionate desire for accuracy” is certainly does not emigrate. I mean the person who has “ the among the impulses which lead to the production of all finer feelings,” “love of home, love of land, love of great works of art; far be it from me to differ on any place, of atmosphere,” be he peasant or no. He may point save the nature of definition. But all this is aside come as an act of heroism, but he returns to his land. my mark. I have been challtenged on “-4merica,” on He is almlost negligible in our calculations. He has no particular issue, on America “great and grand, re- instinct; he is not “ idealist,” for this reason, namely, nowned from sea to sea,” and the rest of it. I have that no cliche, not catchword, no set of phrases will in- been told that if I allow my mind to rest on the com- duce him to forget the marrow of life as he in his un- plexity of the subject, I shall get nowhere. analysed heart knows it to be. “ America is simple.” I am, in the course of about The “ idealist ” is gullible-is gullible on all matters 10,000 words, expected to set forth the simplicity of save that of dollars and cents. In this he has experience. America, in such fashion that not only will all foreigners Nine out of every ten Americans have sold their souls understand implicitly America and its peopl’e-all its for a quotation. They have wrapped themselves about peopl’e; but I am expected simultaneously to bring my a formula of vzords instead of about their own centres. fatherland tlo self-consciousness, to cause America to see They will judge nothing a priori. They will refer it its face in the glass, to create a new Uncle Sam, to Emerson, or Mrs. Eddy, or whomsoever you will, but clothed, I presume, in such garments as the late they will not a priori judge it for themselves. They will Graham Philips would have selected for his personal pretend to do so. They will hold to an opinion. But

adornment. I am tlo endow this creature with the pin an American down on any fundamental issue you delicacy of Whistler, the financial ability of Morgan, the like, and you get-at his last gasp-a quotation. rapacity of Elihu Root, the insincerity of Aldritch, the This in no wise hinders them from being the !nost virtues of Abraham Lincoln, the precipitate and pre- inventive people in the world. They know what they cipitating enthusiasms of Roosevelt, and the stupid pro- want. The next problem is how to1 get it. And the vincialism of ten thousand nameless lights of nameless devising of means follows swiftly upon this. They villages, of nameless nations hidden within America, waste no time in philosophic speculation. Among them and of which no rumour has escaped. understanding is of no repute. Any intelligence which In vain have II pointed out that this is the labour of a cannot express itself is apt tlo be afflicted, and that lifs-ii-.te, and that one should have the genius of which cmnot do something obviously to immediate ad- Turgueneff rather than the desultory faculties of a lyric vantage is despised. poet . They aïe, nevertheless, ready, good humouredly, to I have been told to tell all I know about “America recognise a man as a “heavy-weight ” if he is reported of thme Instant.” I cry all men grace. to be expert in soine “line” suficicntly iar removed America, my country, is almost a continent and hardly from their cwn. ’Thus many men engaged in com- yet a nation. Or, perhaps, it is a nation and has no: merce, in insurance, in the skilful and finer crafts yet achieved an “ Urbs.” And as yet there has been present to the arts an attitude of indifference which is no nation in the world which could be called properly to the artist comfortable and charming. They like him, (6 a nation ” until there arose within it some ciry let us say, and they pardon him his vagzries. No artist “ whereto all roads did lead.” After such city has can ask more. arisen peotple forget that what seems one nation had The contact between the artist and those with whom aforetilme been many. Only within the nation itself is he must, in the disposal of his work, have contact is, there left any consciousness of its parts of Castille, however, :,O disgusting that I would rather leave it Arragon, Leon, of Valencia, of Navarre, for instance, unmentioned. I have had my own experience; I know or of Burgundy, and Aquitaine. We szy now “Spain” of the experiences of others. Anything that I might say and “ France. ” about this matter will be set down to personal feeling “ America of the Instant ” is newer than anyone and be held of little account. I shall, nevertheless, in thinks. The European datesit from 1492,ot- 1630, or 1776. another paper, attempt to define the disceases of Ameri- One cannot consider it soundly as older than 1870. can “ literature.” Of the orders that were before that time, we have IAer;tznvone mistake my tone in the course of this remains. We have certain few families with a tradition rough criticism, let it stand at once that I believe in . . . -a tradition of a manner of life, of a certain “scale of no, ‘that will require more spxc. living. “ ’This scale has probalbly advanced by in?pcrcep- Still, I do believe in the imminence of an American tible gradations. If they were well-to-do-farmers in 1800, Risorgimento. Of “ Liberty ” beautifully proportioned, it is highly probable that they now regard themselves as of “ Liberty ” without that hideous nightgown wherein having been at that date landed gentry. It is a plaus- Bartoldi has arrayed her. ible vanity, and no one is the worse for it. (To be continued.) ,. 446

before its life departs. There are refreshments also on In a Japanese Theatre. the crimson floor; a bottle of saki, a “ roll-

Commissioner. Mrs. Roland Wilkins, who writes on ‘‘ Daily Mail ” Doctoring.* “ General Booth and the Land,” gives two examples. The Army purchased land at Fort Romnie, with the in- By Geoffrey Houghton, tention of restoring some city men to rural occupations. THEworker would have been dead by now but for one The land could only be made fertile by irrigation, and, fortunate fact. The “ Daily Mail ” cried : “Wells, as the Army did not instal a system of irrigation and the forward ! ” : and our B.Sc. novelist (B.Sc. does not land suffered from a three years’ drought, the first mean “ boy scout” in this connection, in spite of the attempt at colonisation failed; and the Army lost prophetic passage in “ The New Machiavelli ”) came several thousand pounds. Mrs. Wilkins generously re- forward protesting that he only came to diagnose, and gards the loss “as the price the Army had to pay for offered a few remedies. Diagnosis by prescription is, its experience ” ; but the excuse becomes a little tire- usually denounced as empiricism; and as all the other some when it is repeated in exculpation of the loss of consultants used the same method but other remedies, incurred in connection with Fort Amity. In this £4,600 the last state of the patient would have been worse case, Mrs. Wilkins condescends to some details ; and than the first but for the fact that none of these men one wonders what sort of financial genius it is that was licensed to dispense. Mr. Wells may convince borrows money at a high rate of interest for the pur- readers of the “ Daily Mail ” that he has jumped into chase of land and does not charge the colonists suffi- “ our class,” if only over a counter; but “ our class ” cient to recoup the outlay. remains in possession of the power to do, while Mr. il Collection s7zould ~ZOW be taken. Wells is still protesting his ability to handle afi’airs. His wonderful capacity for organisation, of which When Rilr. Wells does really belong to ‘(our class” he Commissioner Railton makes so much, is exemplified by will find himself so busy dispensing quack remedies and some of the remarks made by h4r. W. H. Beveridge, cheap cures that he will have time neither for diagnosis Director of the Labour Exchanges, who writes on “The nor prescription. Social \Vork of the Salvation Army.” The “Darkest It is, of course, matter of common knowledge that England” scheme was to be materialised in the institu- this inquiry had no theoretical or practical resuit. ’ihe tion of the City Colony, the Farm Colony, and the reason is equally obvious : it was never intended to Over-Sea Colony. The cheap fo’od depots, cheap shel- have a result. The limits of the discussion were never ters, and workshops were to be a network of recr-iving defined : the disputants were under no obligation to houses to catch all the outcast and set them in the way notice or to answer each other; and the result is not of rescue. The Over-Sea Colony has never come into unlike that reached every Sunday afternoon in Hyde being : the Farm Colony hais never been a success; and Park, where all the speakers speak at once on different the City Colony hlas done nothing to diminish the subjects, and retire flushed with the consciousness of amount of poverty, or to mitigate the degrada- their Pyrrhic victory over the parts of speech. Mr. tion of the sufferers from it. “The shelters of the Salva- Wells, for example, after insufliciently demonstrating tion Army and other organisations arc always Ici?,” that the “Labour Unrest” is a “matter of mental says Mr. Beveridge, (‘ yet the casual wards are more states” and is, ex hypothesi, not different except in crowded than ever; the average number of vagrants degree of energy and intelligence from every uprising of relieved in London during 1906 constituted a record. the people, concludes by pointing out “ that nearly ail The number of persons actually hc)useless in London the social forces of our time seem io be in cons~ii-a~y and passing the night in the open is probably grca’e- to bring about the disappearance of a labour class as than before, and is certainly very considerable. A census such and the rearrangement of ouï work and industry taken by the London County Council in January, 1904, upon a new basis.” In other words, when a horse showed 1,797 such perslons ; a later count in February, kicks over the traces it is a sign that all the social forces 1905, showed 2,181.” The reasons for this failurc are are conspiring to introduce motor trac tion. arguments ad hominem, but they are, therefore, the On the point of actual fact, Mr. Wells is wrong. most vigorous denial of Booth’s capacity for organisa- There is not a shadow of a sign of the disappearance of tion. (‘ Organised regenerative effort in thcsc institu- a “ labour class as such ” : the growing class-con- tions is practically confined to the holding of a re- sciousness of îhe workers forbids it. From a psycho- ligious meeting. Thxe is no systcinatic connection logical point of view the recent phenomena only mean b-tween them and the elevaturs or workshops, and they that the distinctive character of the working-class will are nat in pny special degree the E~LKC~frcm n.h;ch be emphasised, and will thus become more ensily sub- the labour bureau draws such men as it cm place fxm jected t3 special treatment. Insiead of a l;:bcuL. class 4.Anz I to time. Pden pass into and out af the shelters or clisaFpzaring, we have to expect an incrznse of s~ecific live in them for years as they would in an ordinary demands met by specific legislation, estzblislli~i;: thc lodging house.” The believer in Booth’s capacity for status of thz wage-earner by law and enforcing it by organisation can only regard the follo~wing fact as custom. The status will be pi-ivileged only ii1 this sense, Booth’s coiidemnation of his own scheme; for Mr. that all the rights app-taining to it n7il! Ir?? hdd by Beveridge tells us that “ not only have the redemptive, others, and all the dutics will be perforwcd b~rthe ;I$ .i.i-;th m institutions remained smd! in sizz compared wage-earner. 1 he Insurance Act is a gocd esc?x:pk of thDsc which are at best rnc;clv palliative; thcir w-ol-k thTt legal definition of a labour class : all. manual workers has suffered in cluxlity as ~~~11.” and ail otherworkers for wages bdow the income tax A Collection should now be taken. limit are thereby compelled to make provision fcr their Of all the ludicrous failures of the Army directed hj7 olwn imaintenance during sickness. Thc first duty it.: General Booth, perhaps the most ludicrous is this defined, and duty will define (‘ 2 labour class as such”; chronicle of its midnight work in Piccadilly. Three and the acceptance of the Act by the working-classes thousand seven hundred and sis girls were spoken uith is the most complete refutation of $Ir. Wells’ diagnosis in the streets, 2,214 il-iterview-s with girls at the Picca- of thse action of the social forces of our time. dilly quarters are recorded; and the total number sent Perhaps the most extraordinary example of this fal- to Salvation Army homes is 18. This complete re- lacious reasoning of Mr. Wells occurs in his first con- versal of the teaching of Christ’s parable of the mus- tribution to this debacle. He states, hut does not prove, tard-seed suggests that the red-hot gospel of General that the working-class is becoming distrustful of Parlia Booth was not that of Christ. “By their fruits ye ment and the governing classes; and his argument shall know them,” said the Christ whom Booth fljl- addressed to the governing classes, is that “ heroism lowed at such a distance; and as Commissioner Railton and a gmer’ous devotion to the corni~i~ngcod ûre the offers LIS no data in contradiction ol those quoted, we only effective answer to distrust.” Of course he is can only regp.rd General Booth as the greatest fnilurc wrong, even ,-ccording to the psychology that he pro- at salvation that even journalists have admircd. It fesses ; for, if heroism, etc., were to be developed by may he loyalty to the memory of a friend that has the governing classes, the distrustful mind of the work- prompted such a suppression of fact by Commissioner .._ -- Railton; but we can only call it Major Barbarism. * ‘‘What the Worker Wants. The ‘ Daily Mail ’ Inquiry.’” A. E. R. (Hodder and Stoughton. 6d.) 449 ing-class would misinterpret their motives. The psycho- REVIEWS. logical truth is this : that facts are facts, but their Tho Doctor and his Work. By Charles J. Whitby, meaning and relation are determined by the state of M.D. (Swift. 3s. 6d. net.) mind of the percipient. But Mr. Wells is unable to quote This book, so far as it deals with ideas of reform, one instance of this heroism, etc., that is. in his opinion, does little more than voice again the general tendencies the first remedy to be applied. By quoting the case of and good intentions of Shaw. Its main contention is the “ ’Titanic ” as typical of our society, and lamenting that the work of the medical profession is not so good the salvation of “ that tragic and unhappy gentleman, as it might be, or ‘ought to be, because the medical pro- Mr. Bruce Ismay,” hc establishes tbe negative of his fession is unorganised and badly paid. That Dr. Whitby own argument. A doctor who told us that there was has been forestalled by Dr. de Carle Woodcock, whose a ‘cure for our troubles, but that it could not be applied, book “The Doctor and the People” was published would probably be promoted to the position of adver- only a few months ago, is unfortunate; for Dr. Whitby tiser of his cure in thle “ Daily Mail ” ; but it is doubtful brings no new ideas, no scheme, to make his work whetlher he m-ould be regarded as one of “ our class.” necessary. He criticises the Insurance Act, mainly on So this unhappy “scientist” stumbles from diagnosis the ground that it establishes club practice as a national to diagnosis, .from prescription to prescription, and system, and club practice is inefficient because it is contradicts himsclf at every turn. For if the distrust badly paid. He looks forward to a future in which the of th’e people is justified, Mr. Wells argues, why as doctor will be the “ guide, philosopher, and friend ’’ of seek to allay it? If the working-class is combining with the people, reviving the confessional like the psycho- thle rest 01 the social forces to destroy its distinction analysts, inventing the lethal chamber like the from other classes, and that is desirable, why propose Eugenists, and smothering psychical research under to emphasise its distinction by proportional representa- his maternal wings. Meanwhile, it seems that the titon ‘of its interests? If the trouble is that representa- doctor must put money in his purse, organise his pro- tive government has, at l?st, become representative of fession as a trade union and put more money in his the governing classes, why suggest that electoral reform purse; obtain leisure, study medicine and the humani- is the mlost satisfactory method of disguising the fact? tiles, patronise homœopathists, make the certified mid- If the trouble is that the rich are rich, and show it, wives take the least remunerative and most troublesome then MI-. Wells’ suggestion that they should not show cases of childbirth, and look around and see what else it may meet the case ; but if, as is more probable, the they can do for everybody. “ Whosoever will be great trouble is that the poor are poor, how will their poverty among you, let him be your minister ”; and that is be relieved by the abolition of “ the spectacle of plea- what Dr. Whitby desires. To minister effectually, sure ”? If the trouble is industrial, as Mr. Wells medicine must become municipal at least, with a bottle- sometimes suggests, and is due to conditions of labour, holder at court; and in the glorious time that is corn- why propound political solutions? If the matter is ing for the people, the doctor, who has done such in- urgent, as Mr. Wells also suggests, why argue for a efficient and badly-paid work, must be allowed to share. National Conference-in othzr words, a Royal Commis- In the beginning was the word. sion--which can only shelve the matter? In short, if HOW ’Twas. By Stephen Reynolds. (Macmillan. js. Mr. Wells wants everything changed, why does he net.) suggest, by his various and conflicting proposals, that After writing “ ?’he Holy Mountain,” a dog must nothing shall be altered? have bitten Mr. Stephen Reynolds; and it must have The fact is that Mr. Wells has become SO confused been the sociological dog. He writes his studies of by the symptoms that he has forgotten the patient. He fisher-folk with masterly skill, giving us not only the was called in to telJ the world what the worker wanted, incidents but the characters in speech so like the real and he simply told everybody that they ought to want things that they are the real things. “ That’s how ’tis, Mr. Wells-an admirable clonclusion, of course, bEt one I tell thee, an’ thee casn’t make it no ’tis-er! ” he not strictly relevant. The barb of this criticism seems quotes on his title-page; and the motto is an admirable to have pierced even his hide; for after all his parade one for a scientist (for the purposes of this review, a of self-importance, after-publiclyadopting ‘‘ our class ” sociologist is a scientist), but a bad one for an artist. as his own, he rekrs to himself as “ an irresponsible For it asserts the value of the fact, not of the idea or He called up thie b’ogey of Everything, and writer.” the emotion; it fails even as science, for it discards the was so appalled at the vision that his omniscience failed help of thle imagination. Analysis may properly derive him : he could only suggest that a National Conference from such an assumption, but not synthesis; and the should do his work of diagnosis, or, in other words, he assumption would justify an interminable procession of proposed that everybody should “ escape frolm the “ short stories and small travels,” but would never mediocrity of one to the mediocrity of many.” In the lead to the production of the great work. Literature circumstances, his argument that the crzving for one becomes a matter of rcporting interviews by a sym- sixple cheap remedy is unscientific and to be con- pathetic intervicwer ; and the standard is lowered as the demned, is not a little presumptuous when considered years go by. “ Seems So” was valuable because it witah the adfmission ‘of his own ignorance of the subject. stated the political opinions of a section of the working If hlo, does not know what is the matter, how can he classes as they had never been stated before. An artist know whether one or more remedies are necessary? would have written his story, and left it to speak for The fact is that there is one remedy for social evils, and itself ; but even there Mr. Reynolds’ sociological bent we have seen it applied with great success. That remedy revealed itself. He tried to explain the fact that “casn’t is ‘patience. The working class has it in great abund- be made no ’tiser” by quoting a lot of highfalutin ance, and is rather proud of it ; and the governing class, nonsense about the political psychology of the masses, in spite of the rather forcible denunciation !of some of as understood by Graham Wallas. But this book has its critics, develops it readily in moments of crisis. The not even that value. There are a few of what wc may effect is the same as that produced by the hdplessness call “ sociological sketches ” (“ Silly Saltie ” is cer- of &Ir. Wells : nothing happens to decrease the power of the governing class. It is not necessary for that tainly included among them), but we have all sorts of other trifles, such as of class to contemplate any systematic social reconstruc- attend the drowning kittens. tion while, by the exercise of a little patience, the Here &Ir. Reynolds seems to be playing with the horror Labour Unrest can bje allayed, and, at the same time, of death with ludicrous results ; for the world’s masters of literature have played with the theme, and em- the working class’ can be more effectively regimented ; of and thai fact is the measure of Mr. Wells’ effectiveness broidered it with every circumstance tragedy, and “the dread damnation of his taking off ” is not to be as a reformer. equalled by any realistic sketches of kittens kicking the BROWN’S BRONCHIAL TROCHES contain bucket. When he writes of dogs, too, he enters into powdered cubeb (about 6 per cent.), extract of competition with Stevenson ; and Mr. Reynolds’ gifts liquorice in small quantity, gum, and sugar (about do not result in the charm, the sense of intimacy, the 70 per cent.) perfection of style, that make Stevenson ever a pleasing 450

trifler. In the “ small travels,” Mr. Reynolds returns survivals to be found in every religion, and wherein that again to his photographic delineation of people; and which is at first an act of worship, full of significance we feel that if “the sea hath its pearls,” Mr. Reynolds and sincerity, becomes a conventionalised and stereo- is simply thrusting grains of sand within the shell of typed formula, meaningless and empty; the spirit of it that succulent bivalve, the reading public. Sooner or departs, and the form alone remains. Of a different later &Ir. Reynolds will have to be told to make up his nature altogether is the Tasmanian Emu dance, in mind to drop his sociology or his pretentions to art; which a pantomimic performance of the ways of the and if we tell him now, it is because we do not want emu is given. Around a large fire a number of men matters to go beyond cure. He makes no more of his dance slowly, and in throwing their arrows endeavour fishermen than fishermen, and an artist would make to imitate the motion of the animal’s head while feed- men of them; nor when he attempts to dramatise his i?g. Their gestures are expressive, and one hand be- incidents, as in “ Benjie and the Bogey Man,” does he hind alternates with the other in front, coming to the do justice to the antagonist. His fishermen are real, ground and then rising above the head. And their damnably real, but the world in which they move is. a sincerity and imitative ability are so great that they world of shadows and maleficent beings; and that positively become like the emu itself, and they seem to method approaches nearer to melodrama than anything feel themselves that there is a certain kinship which else. “ That’s how ’tis, I tell thee, and thee casn’t binds them to the animal whose ways they strive to, make it no ’tis-er.” imitate. Is it this sense of kinship which also teaches Sport and Pastimes in Australia. By Gordon the Congo natives to emulate in their dances the habits Inglis. (Methuen. 7s. 6d. net.) of the gorilla and its movements of attack and defence? Avoiding the style of the mere handbook, Mr. Inglis But here the resemblance is painfully striking, and at has managed to write an interesting account of sports dusk, in a dark forest, it might be difficult-nay, almost in Australia, and yet to convey a considerable amount of impossible-to distinguish the man from his ancestor ! information. Horse-racing, of course, comes first ; and So far, the less developed forms of primitive dancing the different race-courses are described, and the condi- have alone been described, but there are others, which, tions and value of their principal prizes stated. Hunt- by their wonderful emotional qualities, their suggestive- ing, fishing, shooting, golf, cricket, lawn tennis, foot. ness and complexity, remind one of the Greek panto- ball, rowing, swimming, motoring, and cycling have mimic dances so vividly described by Athenaeus or each a chapter (allotted to them, in which is given details Lucian. In his ethnological studies, “ Les Primitifs,’’ of administration and history, together with records. Elie Reclus tells us of some extraordinary dances in use ‘The volume is plentifully illustrated, and forms a good among certain hyperboreans, the “Inoits. ” Like the general guide to Australian sport. Australians, these curious and intelligent little people usually dance when two friendly tribes meet. Their costumes are gaudy and effective; the men, clothed only from the waist downwards, wear a diadem, ornamented Some Observations on Primitive with large feathers, which gracefully fall on their shoulders; the tails of wolves and foxes hang down their Dancing * backs ; their gloves are artistically embroidered, and By Marcelle Azra Hincks. their high boots are decorated with many-coloured furs. The women wear a clinging garment of white deer-skin, * II. very similar to the tights of a ballerina, and over this OF quite another nature to the dances wherein inspira- a tunic of the most fairy-like material, brilliant and :ion is sought are the pantomimic, which show a still light, transparent and silver-streaked. Coloured glass further progress in mental and emotianal evolution. and bright embroidery lend additional brilliancy to the ’The “corroborees” of the Australians, for instance, are sparkling costumes of these primitive coquettes. In much in the nature of plays, wherein are given dramatic their hair they wear white ribbons, with mother-of-pear1 representations of the habits and movements of animals, ornaments; on their hands, snow-white deer-skin gloves 3r of hunting, fighting, love-making, and all the im- with fur around the wrist. They carry a long and 3ortant incidents of daily life. The corroborees are waving eagle or swan feather, as graceful and bending usually held at night when tribes meet. But, so much as themselves. Their dance resembles a minuet; the is the dance a spontaneous and habitual means of ex- rhythm is very precise, the music grave and measured, pression with them, that even a strange or unusual slow and monotonous. The men dance with solemn scene is eagerly taken as a subject for pantomimic dis- grace; the women glide and slide, the while their play. The actions of civilised men sometimes suggest feathers ripple and wave. A chorus of elders gravely new dances; when the natives beheld for the first time accompany the proceeding, playing on their tam- the capture of whales by whites they promptly cele- bourines. The “ clou” of the evening’s performance, brated the occurrence at a corroboree called together however, is a kind of ballet called the “ Happy Hunter,” specially for the occasion. The most striking and and danced by two skilled dancers only. The scene is characteristic features of the incident were reduced to laid in a forest, and a hunter lies in ambush and spies i-hythmic form, and having made an effigy of the whale, at a bird, who, unconscious of his presence, hops about, they danced around it, driving their spears into the drinks and bathes in a brooklet, shakes its feathers, and figure, and with ape-like ability giving a pantomimic disports itself after the manner of a beautiful and idle display of the scene which they had witnessed. In these creature. But the hunter ?eaves his hiding-place and corroborees there is frequently a leader of the dance, approaches stealthily, intent on capturing the pretty who, by means of a bunch of feathers, guides the move- bird, who, on seeing him, attempts to fly away. An ments of the others; this would prove that the dances, arrow hisses by and hits the bird, who flies here and :n appearance wild and unregulated, are in reality there helplessly, and at last, completely overcome and organised and danced according to some plan, however no longer able to fly, drops into a thicket. Here a rough and primitive. struggle ensues; the bird, with its broken wing, defends The Tasmanians have also numerous dances, some itself as best it can; it pecks and claws at the hunter till, relating to war, others to animals, courtship, or a re- exhausted and spent ‘out, it falls almost lifeless into his i’gious belief, as that held at full moon in the forest. hands, and its feather cloak slips off, and lo! the In this the men wander about the trees inside a magic astonished and delighted hunter holds no longer a bir-d, ,-;rcle with slow and stealthy steps, looking intently for but a beautiful woman, who smiles and opens her arms *,,mething or somebody lost. They carry a firestick, to him! .hich they sometimes hold down to the ground or up- It would be difficult to find a more poetical version ’ to the foliage, in the search. The object of the of the world-famous tale of Eros. Here the god of .arch is unknown, but it is supposed that the dance Love is strong and young, cruel and gentle, vanquisher to some religious belief, and that, having been and vanquished at the same time. With an extra- I> handed down by tradition, it is still reverently per- ordinary instinctive subtlety these primitive people have

f :-med, although its original meaning and purpose are been able to symbolise Eros in his various and contra- )U‘ unknown to the people. It is one of those curious dictory moods-he and his prey. And so deep in man’s 451 nature is the instinct which prompted this poem, so as though they had anticipated in their dance of the universal the feeling which is here symbolised, that the dead thle sad fate awaiting them, and had mourned, tale is true for all time and all peoples. through many a dark night, in company with the ‘There are other savage dances which deserve especial spirits of their departed heroes, the day when their attention on account of the effect which they are be- race would be bound by the yoke of slavery and misery. lieved to exercise on people and objects, rather than In truth, throughout the earth, wherever man exists, by their intrinsic artistic merit. So powerful an agent either in a primitive or semi-barbaric state, the dance do savages consider the dance that they even believe occupies a foremost position, and sways and influences in its capability of acting on the external world. They the destinies of individuals and tribes. Australians, have faith in its power of turning, in some subtle and Tasmanians, New Zealanders, Fijians, Tahitians, New mysterious way, the tide of fortune; anld with this con- Caledonians, Javanese, Indians, all dance when they are viction, the women in Madagascar dance while their happy and wben they are sad; they all have their men are away fighting. The Mandan Indians, who national dances, far more sacred and dear to them than depend on the buffaloes for their food, have a dance any national art is to us. The Dance among uncivilised which they perform when the hunt has been unsuccessful. people is a strong bond of union, as’ the great national They, too, firmly believe that this alone is the means games of Greece weFe, in a more developed stage, a of attracting the desired prey, and dance till a herd of bond of unity to the Greeks. The religious and govern- buffaloes comes in sight on the prairie. Each man mental character of the dances gives them an import- wears a mask made of a buffalo’s head and horns, ance which no art can claim tto hlave in civilised with the tail hanging down behind, and they all set to countries ; their emotional character, dealing as they dance “buffalo.” Ten or fifteen masked dancers form do with the most vital phenomena of life, gives them a a ring and chant and yell, drum and rattle. When one deep significance. They are man’s crude attempt at is tired he goes through the pantomime of being shot symbolising, through an artistic medium, the emotional with bow and arrow, skinned and cut up, and his place crisis which all human creatures-even thle most is at once taken by another who has been waiting, with civilised-are bound to go through in the course of his buffalo head, in anticipation of such an emergency. their life. And, therefore, in spite of their gaucherie, And so it goes on day and night, sometimes for three their naivete, and their puerility, we ought to be able weeks, till their persevering efforts are rewarded by the to have a s mpathetic comprehension of these mani- appearance of a herd of buffaloes! All the North festations orfeelings which lie far deeper than sociaf American Indians are particularly addicted to dancing, systems and conventions. After all, l’ove and hate, in and they regard it as not only a thanksgiving ceremony their various forms, are more or less the same in all and a means ‘of obtaining what they desire, but they mankind; in them, if in no other thing, we find the are taught that it is a divine art, designed by ’Ha-wen- link which binds the savage to the cultured European. ne-yu for their pleasure, as well as for his worship. Anld inasmuch as the dance of savages is a true and Their dances are extremely {interesting, the position of spontaneous expression of the emotions, and as it the feet while dancing being radically different from that almost invariably remains with them expressive danc- generally in usage. Thus, (instead of dancing on the ing, it can claim to be an art which, from a purely toe of lthe foot, or on the flat, they dance chiefly on the artistic standpoint, is immeasurably superior to that heel, the perfection of their art being to attain great mechanical and inexpressive substitute for it which we quickness and force in raising and stamping the foot, see to-day in our great centres of civilisation. thereby making resounding noise by the impact, and THE END. at the samle ltime shaking their knee-rattles, which add greatly to the noise and effect of the dance. The two chief dances of the Iroquois Indians are the War Dance Art. and the Feather Dance, both perf*ormledin war time, by Rodin.* a select band ranging frosm fifteen to twenty-five men, all nloted for their powers of endurance, activity and By Anthony M. Ludovici. spirit. Wben enlisting for a perilous expedition, when THERE is very little that can be admired and extlolled by going to, or returning from, war. the War Dance is the present age without thlereby being compromised. performed. It is the dance at the ceremony of raising On that account alone, however, we ought not neces- up Sachems, at the adoption of a captive, at the enter- sarily to condemn every modern celebrity. Even a tainment of a guest, and it is the first dance taught to stupid age may make a mistake at times, and if Rodin the young. The attitudes being thIose lof violent can claim that he is Modernity’s terror he is saved. passions, the War Dance is consequently not graceful, Personally, I do not believe that he is at all desirous but it is extremely complex and shsows a rem_arkable of establishing this point. Sometimes he will laugh dlegrlee lof emotional development. In a group of when reading a press cutting which is too fulsome in dancers, and at thle sa’mle instant, a warrior may be seen its praise. I have also heard him sigh for the good old in an attitude of attack, another of defence; one in the days when he was practically unknown and when the act of drawing the bow, another ‘of striking with the atelier in the Rue des Fourneaux was all he could war club; some throwing the tomahawk, some listen- afford; but I was never able to discover any anxiety ing or watching for an opportunity, and others striking on his part concerning the grave suspiciousness of his the foe. And their dazzling costumes, which show their great popularity. splendidly developed figures to such advantage, their “NOUSsommes les avant-derniers; après nous il fera unhamlpered mcwements, their suppleness of limb, as nuit ! ” I have heard him express his contempt of his they leap and bound with the ease of young fawns, age in these words, especially when he was speaking combined with the wild music, the deafening rattle, is a to an intimate friend like the sculptor Bourdelle; but, soene iwell calculated to rouse the people to enthusiaslm, on the other hand, he is so very punctilious in attend- ing to the host of letters which he receives every to set their hearts $onfire, and on inspire them with the morning from admirers all over the world, that I have courage and bravery for which the Iroquois are con- often wondered whether perhaps he himself does not spicuous. Their Feather Dance is of a religious take Modernity more seriously than his table-talk would character and its stleps are much quieter, while the lead one to suppose. In one sense, however, his claim Dance of the Dead is a curious and weird performance that he is an avant-dernier is a very substantial one, in which the women only takle part. The accompani- for Rodin is the most conscientious man I have ever ment is entirely vocal, and of the most plaintive and met. This thorough bohemian, who does not mind mournful kind; they commence dancing at dusk and being surprised by a guest even in his dressing-gown continue till dawn, when the shades of the dead, whlo and slippers, is the most serious stickler for detail, were believed to be present and participate in the dance, the most amazing champion of red-tape, the most in- are supposed to disappear, their faint and vapoury stinctive bureaucrat, that it has ever been my lot to figures being dispelled by the first warm rays of the

sun. There is in this dance a deep note of the melm- * (( Rodin.” By Muriel Ciolkowska. (Methuen and Co. choly so characteristic of the Red race at large. It is 2s. 6d. cet.) 452 encounter. And in this he is the true son of his father France. He puts his hand to his brow-a charx- -the meticulous clerk of the Paris Prefecture of teristic gesture-a helpless expression pervades his Police. He would have rnade a splendid scholar, a features, and all he can do is to exclaim : “C’est d’une sound scientist, a reliable and persevering investigator; beaut6 !” and these qualities have contributed largely to his Whistler-that master of style-once said : “ Rodin’s value as an innovator and renovator in the technique sculptures are not statuesque. ” This is perfectly true. of his art. Apart from “The Man of Bronze,” and the “Eve,” Now in all this he is truly an “avant-dernier ”; for the remark applies almost perfectly. All these men if there is one quality mlore than another which in this and women of marble and bronze, with their tortuous age of pleasure for pleasure’s sake, and power for and twisted bodies, are admirably calculated to fit into power’s sake, is steadily declining, it is that conscien- the fluid ornament, the broken and serrated lines, of tiousness of the workman or craftsman who is ready a Gothic edifice; but, divorced from their true environ- to put his heart’s blood into his work. ment, separated from their natural frame and back- I have seen Rodin dismiss an assistant again and pound, they certainly produce a rude, pictures again with the words, “Etudiez cela encore un peu ! )’ chromatic, and more or less amorphous effect. -not a hint of what was wrong, not an indicaiion Examine the ‘‘Penseur )’ as it stands before the “Pan- of how to put it right, simply : “Study the thing a théon,” and you will see how right the “ignorant ” little longer! ’) It might have been a hand, a leg, a public were to think that it clashed with its back- baby’s head-no matter ! Rodin spoke as a workman ground. Place the “ Balzac ” or the ‘‘ Bourgeois of who knew what arduous tasks he had once imposed Calais,” not in an Egyptian or a Greek temple, but upon himself. simply in Hyde Park, and you will immediately sym- Again, in his ?distrust of so-called “inspired pathise with those who were infuriated with these ml>iEeilts ” he reveals the almost austere honesty of his sculptures where they first appeared. And Rodin scientific soul. Often he used to say to me-every time knows this perfectly well. He is aware that he was to my surprise-that he would never work in an in- born 600 years too late. spired moment. He disbelieves most strongly in the He says that Michelangelo stands upon Gothic tradi- exalted mood, the heaving breast, the fiery eye, and tion, and in this, as I have already shown in nîy the quivering nostril of the inspired artist, accomplish- “Nietzsche and Art,” he is not so very wide of the ing his creation as if some higher power were whisper- mark. But if Michelangelo’s art derives in part from ing into his ear, directing his hand and stimulating the Gothic, then surely Rodin’s is Gothic. The fact his eye. But whether we should take this attitude on that there are no Gothic cathedrals in process of build- his part as a condemnation of inspired work in general, ing forces Rodin to amaze and even to repel us with or merely of Auguste Rodin’s inspired work, is a ques- these fragments of the ecclesiastical edifice he always tion the answering of which might lead to very in- bears in his soul; it forces him to descend to teresting results. In any case, the fact that he holds the private dwelling, to the pedestal, to the it as sufficient proof of the uprightness of his scientific market-place, and the city square. And here, nature, and on this very account I have often won- in these unfamiliar places, his figures writhe, dered how any man or body of men could ever have stretch and strain themselves only to leave doubted his sincerity. For no better way of confound- us wondering with Whistler whether they are ing those who accused him of humbug and fraud, at statuesque-that is to say, whether they look as all the dawn of his fame, could possibly have been con- humans should look when they stand alone, as the ceived than to bring his accusers into personal contact cynosure of all eyes, as the observed of all observers, with him. Then they would have discovered what I elevated above the staring crowd in the heart of a believe to be a fact-that is to say, that insincerity large city or under the roof of any modern home. on a grand scale, the insincerity which is often sup- And yet we can picture these same figures filling posed by the cautious mass of mankind to be the main- the niches, decorating the porches, and breaking the spring of great innovators and pioneers in all depart- lines of a Gothic edilfice, simply because there a grand ments of life, is very much more rare than the world style, the last vestige of Roman order and the Roman imagines. Empire-the Catholic Church-would dominate ar,d With regard to Rodin’s work, from “L’homme au control them, and would sap and apply their strenuous Nez Cassè,” to “Le Penseur,” in many ways it has been and sometimes ugly energy in striving upwards to its both liked and disliked, despised and admired, owing heaven-storming altitudes. to a profound misunderstanfding. And this misunder- Michelangelo was never ugly, he was never totally standing is the more strange seeing that Rodin is by devoid of majesty. He was independent, and there- no means a silent man. He is silent neither in per- fore self-reliant. There was a large portion of the sonal intercourse nor in the Press. I have heard it Pagan in his passion. Rodin continually, almost in- said that he is no talker. This is a grave error. He variably, dispenses with majesty ; he is frequently down- is not only a good talker, but a very emphatic and right ugly, and he is nothing if not dependent. In this lucid ‘one. It is simply impossible to mistake him. he reveals his Christian spirit. Two-thirds of Rodin’s And by now all the world knows that he writes. art is “ rationalised )) Christianity. Two-thirds of What, then, is the nature. of the offence which at Michelangelo’s is Paganism. first the public would not pardon in his work? At There is little of all this in Madame Ciolkowska’s bottom, I believe, it was simply this : Rodin’s figures bo’ok. But in this restraint she was quite right. stood, beha\:ed, and looked as if they were at home, Wherever she endeavours ta discuss aesthetic and to and there was nothing to show that they were at home. criticise Rodin’s sculpture she is obviously not quits All his sculptures are, so to speak, “en déshabillé,” and sure of her ground. But, fortunately, she does not yet they are withdrawn from the very intimate sur- attempt to do this often, and if we regard her work rounding which wjould make that “ déshabillé,” that merely as a charming and exceptionally sober rtpeal lack of restraint and of dignity, a pardonable breach on behalf of a man and an artist whom she seems of manners. Rodin occasionally feels this himself, and genuinely to admire and esteem, I feel we $la11 be leaves a screen of marble round his men and women. doing it more justice than if we regard it as a serious He is conscious that their frame is not the outer world, attempt at placing Rodin among the artists of the as it is of classic sculpture. They are homeless; they present day. _c , “- 1 .“~~,- need a home; they offend away from their homes. They are decorative-as decorative as a mother bathing her BILE BEANS. These contain aloin, powdered car- child; but they are parts of a scheme of decoration, damoms, oil of peppermint, and whleat flour. fragments of a whole. MER-SYREN flor Biliousness, Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Now, irrespective of all this, it ought to be quite etc. Twenty powders for 2/9. “ Mer-Syren is clear from all Rodin writes, says, and does, that he composed of thle active principles ‘of certain rare is essentially a Gothic genius. In conversation words plants which flourish in thle valleys situated on the fail him when he attempts to give utterance to his southern slopes of the Himalaya. ” On analysis whole-hearted enthusiasm for the Gothic cathedrals of no other substance but potato could be detectd. 453

tentous character, on which we commented on Wednesday. A BALLADE OF SENSITIVE VISION. On Thursday we are therefore ,able to announce that the This old earth teems with beauties. With a grain trouble is over. Our correspondent will be withdrawn, and Of the aesthetic in us we can stun the Foreign Office will renew its ancient amicabilities with The world with revelations, I mairtain a gifted people. That there is beauty in a penny bun _--- If, like an Alpine sunrise, it is cione PARTY POLITICS AND CORRUPTION. As well as possible. Yet there are sights Ugly as some are beautiful. Take one- In a letter we publish this morning a correspondent draws cannot bear to see a girl in tights. our attention to the recent appointments of the Government I in the Civil Service. Let us say at once that there is no- All men have their aversions. Some complain thing, in our view, sinister or inexplicable in them. Mr. That English beggars, with faked sores or none, Asquith and his Cabinet, whatever one may think of their Are not so picturesque as those of Spain; political measures, are gentlemen first and politicians only They are more hideous than the swarthy Hun. afterwards. We therefore acquit every responsible person Most cultured men would rather hear a pun of any responsibility whatever, and proceed to raise the Than gaze upon such skinny, dowdy frights; interesting question suggested by our correspondent : What But though to me most objects yield some fun, degree of corruption is necessary to cause a nation to de- I cannot bear to see a girl in tights. cline . . . ? Aristippus. St. Paul, the late Bishop Tom- linson Some statues-and they constitute a stain . . . Sic circumspice. Upon the human scutcheon-I would shun As I would shun a novel by Hal! Caine POETRY AND STILT-WALKING IN THE LANDES. (Although for different reasons). And a ton Even Ben Jonson’s armadillo was aware of the existence .Or more of fleshly pzintings-subjects spun of the famous couplet: “Fain would I climb but that I fear From fancies too, too free! But there are blights to fall.” But history offers us only thousand-tongued And blots far worse than these beneath the sun- rumour for the reply, said to have been written with a I cannot bear to see a girl in tights. diamond underneath the window of Good Queen Bess. . . . If thy heart fail thee, it runs, do not climb at ,all. A corre- Prince, entre nous, this body has outrun spondent recently called our wandering attention to the Its lusty cravings. May I douse the lights? practice of the shepherds of the Landes, who compose folk- ’ The ballerina’s turn has just begun ; songs while telling their tale of sheep on stilts under the I cannot bear to see a girl in tights. A. J. W. equivalent of the hawthorn in the dale. But the question raised is of infinitely greater moment. In some ways all LAUS DEO. poets walk on stilts. Epictetus is said to have recommended the practice as an aid to stoicism; and if it be objected that The summer sun, with unrelenting heat, Epictetus, like Bacon, was only a hidden poet, there is the Thro’ the glazed windows of the chapel beat. testimony of an indubitable poet, Mr. Alfred Austen, who, I heard God’s servant wheezily intone in his (‘Immemorabilia,” attributes his malmsey to the stilts Prayers to his Maker with a listless drone. on which his poetry walks by long- habit. St. Paul had a I heard the congregation’s weary wail vision of stilts in his ladder on which angels were ascending Of psalms and hymns whose tunes had long grown stale. and descending from heaven. Ours is, indeed, an age of I heard the congregation croak the Creed, stilts, and we are all, more or less, Landes shepherds. Ex And gulp the anthems down at breakneck speed, libris anno domini dei gratia. Eheu fugaces! Till, lulled to slumber by their bleating praise __-- Of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, they gaze Upon the preacher, who, with peevish rant, THE LAND CAMPAIGN AND A DYING INDUSTRY. Mouths out a torrent of uproarious cant. TO THE EDITOR OF THE “ TIMES.” They sit agape, except some callow churl Sir,-MY AGENT WRITES ME THAT MY ESTATE Who ogles from his pew a simpering girl. IN WILTSHIRE (SEVEN SQUARE MILES IN EX- Rut where is God? Not in this stifling den, TENT) HAS LATELY RECEIVED A VISIT FROM Packed with a sweating mass of drowsy men. MR. LLOYD GEORGE’S MYRMIDONS FOR THE-PUR- Then thro’ the open door a patch of green POSE OF VALUING THE LIVESTOCK WITH A VIEW, Refreshed my drooping eye. Its wondrous sheen UNDOUBTEDLY, TO MORE SPOLIATIVE LEGISLA- Wafted the potent savour of the clod. TION IN THE NEAR FUTURE. IN THREE AD- Ah, yonder, yonder is the realm of God! JOINING FIELDS, IT APPEARS, HEDGEHOGS WERE P. SELVER. DISCCVERED BROWSING ON THE DROPPED BEECH-LEAVES. WOULD IT BE CREDITED THAT OUR CONTEMPORARIES. THE AFORESAID MYRMIDONS PROCEEDED TO REQUIRE A REGISTER OF THESE ANIMALS, TO- By C. E. Bechhöfer. GETHER WITH A RETURN OF THEIR USE IN XIX.- THE TIMES. INDUSTRY AND THE PROFITS MADE THEREON? PERSONAL. MY AGENT SENSIBLY REPLIED THAT MY PUR- POSE IN KEEPING THEM WAS NATIONAL AND, IF Impeccable gentleman (41)of rich Oxford accent but of no income desires latter in exchange for former. Multi- I MAY SAY SO, PUBLIC-SPIRITED. AS “PACIFI- tudinous references in mutual confidence given and taken, CUS” HAS SO ABLY SHOWN, WE NEVER KNOW odds on. FROM ONE CENTURY TOANOTHER HOW SOON The Hon. Sec. of the Ootacamund Parish Church Stained- MR. LLOYD GEORGE wrrx IMPOVERISH THE Glass (East) Window Partial Endowment Fund gratefully COUNTRY. HEDGEHOGS ARE A DIET OF GIPSIES! acknowledges the receipt of 6d. (in stamps) from O. R. U. VERB. SAP. CIVES SUM. More funds urgently required. _--- SOCIALISM AND VESTMENTS. IMPERIAL AND FOREIGN. TO THE EDITOR OF THE “ TIMES.” CANADA. %,--I see it stated in your report of Mr. Ben Tillett’s I met Mr. Borden this morning at his request to form his speech that that worthy agitator gave it as his ignorant views on the shirt-button industry in Vancouver. The opinion that the only sacred vestments were the vestments “Columbia Skyscraper” comments thus . . . of the poor. I will not trouble the “Times” with a repeti- tion of his degraded language, but I will merely remark AUSTRIA. that our Lord pointed Mr. Ben Tillett to the lilies of the My comments of yesterday appear to have exasperated the field as examples of vestured beauty. Yet they never asked somewhat sensitive feelings of Austrophobes in Geneva for a minimum wage for a preposterous and dwindling .e. amount of work. The fact is that the administration of religion with the poor is all to the bad and Mr. Ben Tillett, LEADERS. little as he may learn it in this life, will learn it bitterly Our Foreign Office are to be congratulated on the decision hereafter. H. HENSLEY HENSON. to which they came to-day, and of which we intended to publish a forecast yesterday. The trouble in Snarabia has XIR. H. G. WELLS ON MARRIAGE. been sniall from the outset, but of dimensions large enough Sir,-Your able dramatic critic has done me another injuctice (I’m the to give trouble to England. Sir Edward Grey on Monday perpetiial recipient of iniustice) bv his reference to my views on the sanctity of marriage as expressedin his opinion, in my recent work of fiction. Kindlv evening communicated with the British Ambassador in understand that the views with which T’OU or any other member of our Dillywhynot, and on Tuesday morning he received a reply class may find himself at variance. are not rnv’personal +erns but only those of my pupnets. Is this clear? Reallv quite? I agrce with every word your stating that the matter had been finally settled. Our own critic writes and only differ when ie is wrong. correspondent in Dillywhynot, however, communicated to Yours obediently. the U Times” some relevant but overlooked details of a por- H. G. WELLS. 454

so rich. What I fear is not a war with Germany, though LETTERS TO THE EDITOR. any person not besotted by greed and folly might very well. LABOUR EMANCIPATION. fear that; but I fear a rising of the poor people, in spite of Sir,-I gather from a recent issue of THE NEW AGE that Mr. Kerr’s letter, in which all the accumulations of the your own remedy for the distressed condition of England is past-literature, art, architecture, or churches too-may be in a General Strike. Mr. Kerr‘s hope is in the class of men swept away. There is an old saying: Bew,are the fury of a of whom R. J. Campbell is one, and a type. In a Christian patient man. The patience, forbearance, law-abidingness country, where hundreds of thousands every Sunday declare of the English people is admirable and‘ lovable indeed, but Jesus Christ to be “Lord, Lord,” it appears to me a little as you suggest or delicately hint, it is sublime closely bor- odd that no one has said so far that the real remedy for dering on the ridiculous. It was once said: Let the our woes is in the practice of what Jesus Christ taught. assassins begin to regard human life. The rich have That is the bloodless revolution which needs to take place. preached hard work, thrift, sobriety, and all the other How it is to be brought about I do not know except by the virtues t’o the poor long enough. Suppose they begin to co-operation and determined endeavour of those who think practise these virtues themselves and begin to deal fairly as I do, and there are many of them even if they do not find and justly and kindly by their poor underlings “Yet pu11 a voice in THE NEW AGE or “Daily News,” or any of those not down my towers, That are so lightly, beautifully built. papers, some of whom are not very greatly desirous of seeing Perhaps I may return with others then, When I have purged any justice done to poor people. What is wanted is justice, my guilt.” FITZADAM. not charity, and not the sort of legislation we have at present +*IC -which is anly a pretence of caring for the poor. For the PETITION AGAINST THE INSURANCE ACT. last hundred years the poor have been robbed and plun- Sir,-May I draw the attention of your readers to the dered by their so-called betters. This must ceas’e. Even Petition now being prepared for presentation to thde King the highways now are so monopolised by the rich that one against the Insurance Act? The terms of the Petition are can only walk on them at the risk of one’s life. If the class as follows : of whom Mr. Kerr has hopes were genuine Christians follow- To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty. ing the teaching of their Lord, the betterment of the poor We, the undersigned loyal and faithful subjects of Your might corne from 6hem, and, I believe, would, but the Majesty, venture to appeal to Your Majesty for assistance greater part of the clergy of all denominations arle under the in a matter which grievously affects us and in which none thumb of the wealthy, and even if they think the rich man but Your Majesty can give us redress. is an eyesore,-and the cause of our miseries, they dare not We approach Your Majesty on the following grounds : say slo openly. Nor do they thlemselves practise what Jesus I. That the National Insurance Act, 1911,a measure Christ preached and what they very rarely even preach. affecting the life of your people more than any John Wesley said if he left more than £1O he would give other of recent years, was never laid before the leave to all men to call him a hypocrite and a liar. All pe:ple as a subject upon which they should give honour here to General Booth, who has had the decency their decision at a General Election. not to save money out of preaching the gospel of Jesus II. That although the National Insurance Act is with- Christ. But how m,any of the clergy of any denomination out doubt obnoxious ta the very great majority of will take either Jesus Christ or General Booth or John those affected by it, and although these were in Wesley as their model. I should like to see myself a mini- no way consulted before it was made law, yet their mum wage for every honest workman of not less than £2 a representations to their duly accredited Members week-little enough in a town for a man who has a wife and of Parliament, incmprated in one case in a pro- perhaps hmily to keep. A certain noble lord, who is a test of over a million signatures, have received great industrial captain and who poxs as a philanthropist, no attention. pays £1 a week, and I believe boasts of it. But no family III. That this Act is an-encroachment upon the liberties can live decently on that income. of your subjects and mat8eriallyaffects their free- What has been the invariable practice of tbe employers, dom. It divides them into two classes by law in Christian so-called and non-Christian, for the last 1OO years ? such a way as to set the one against the other, It has been to give as little as possible, regardless of de- Under the name of contribution it imposes a cency and, I think, every moral consideration-and to get as heavy poll-tax upon your poorer subjects which much as possible. Take a case. The M-s were eminently many of them are not able to bear, and places Godly people, and I believe myself they were as sincere as upon private citizens the odious task of collect- such people can be. They had £7,000 a year out of a ing the same by a method opposed not only to property or properties of theirs. Their agent told me that the principles of the Truck Acts and other statutes the most difficult thing he ever had to do was to persuade securing the rights of your subjects, but alsol to them to raise their workpeople’s wages from 13s. fjd. a week, the whole spirit of our Constitution. We further at which figure they had stood €or many years. Tl.at is a submit that large sums of our money are being typical case. So far as I know, employers have never as extravagantly spent upon unnecessary officials and a class volunteered to raise wages of workpeople. Get all the complicated machinery created to administer you can, give as little as possible. There is a fine motto for the Act. people who repeat the Litany Sunday by Sunday and who Therefore, since we your subjests have neither. been profess to be deeply interested in the bodily and even mental consulted in the framing olf this grievously oppressive and spiritual welfare of the poor, dear people. Give the measure, as is our Constitutional right, and are not able to labourer his proper hire. On the other hand, I should like obtain any satisfaction from our paid representatives, WE to see a maximum income. I can’t see, as I have said be- MAKE EARNEST APPEAL TO YOUR MAJESTY IN fore, with your kind permission, in THENEW AGE what any PERSON TO USE YOUR SOVEREIGN POWER on Christian or sane man wants with more than, say, £500 a behalf of your subjects in such way as may seem good year. I don’t know how a man with, slay, 20 millions in his to your Majesty to secure the suspension of the Act until pocket dares to look his fellows in the face, but he does such time as its compulsory character has been removed that and more nowadays, and the Press and pulpit all praise and our grievances, set forth above, inquired into and him and thank God for a great and generous philanthropist. redressed. You r:member how Major Pendennis told Sir Arthur CIaver- And Your Petitioners as in duty bound will ever pray, ing? Gad, Clavering, you sicken me with lies. It’s my etc. belief you’d rather tell a lie than not.” Minimum wage of I understand that sheets for the collection of signatures may at least £2 a week; maximum income of n& more than be had on application to the Petition Secretary, Insurance £500 a year. I should like to see, till that day dawns, a dis- Tax Resisters’ Defence Association, 9, South Molton Street, position on the part of Christian people to bring it about. London, W. F. M. STAPLES. Why do the clergy flatter the rich? Why does anybody? *** Mr. Ruskin says that once the rich man was a subject for CO=OPERATION AND TRADE UNIONS. ridicule and contempt. How comes it that to-day everybody Sir,-So long as your contributor confined himself to an worships him? Even when I was a boy I was taught to analysis of the wage system all must agree with him, even think of a miser as a miserable object. What is a million- though unwillingly, but practical proposals to end it are aire but a magnified and glorified and worshipped miser. another matter. There we enter the region of rcif,” and his How can any decent person be.ar to have immense riches “ifs” are difficult to swallow. while his fellow cieatures and 5ften his own tools go with- Your contributor says the “ Co-operative Wholesale out the decencies and real necessaries and comforts of life? Society should be the natural ally of the unions during a But the rich as a class are not decent. If they were they strike.” Therein lies a big “if” disguised ,as a little “should would be ashamed and haste to make any reparation that be.” If the C.W.S. were disposed to be the ally of the is still in their power. unions, why then they would be! But oh, that I could say a great deal more, but I expect you have big it is! ! plenty of communication. In some senses I am a Con- The C.W.S. is it capitalist concern, run for profits like servative. I suppose men will always be unequal, and that ally limited company, whose very existence is bound up we shall always have with us the poor and the rich. But with the wage system. Useless to say, the C.W.S. ought to the poor should not be so poor and the rich should not be see its interest lies in helping the unions to destroy tbe 455 wage system-it does not; it is too small-souled and mean- out, what are they to do with the purchase money? They minded. The majority of co-operators are capitalists-on cannot spend it all, and investinent is forbidden, for private however small a scale-who side with the employers against control of business and interest on capital are the enemies the employed. I am employed in a co-operative society, of Guild-Socialism. Obviously the payment received would and I find rny fellow-workers rejoicing when a strike fails, be useless and tantamount to confiscation. On this showing and bitter generally against trade unions. I know of no one it would seem that the present owners of businesses and in my firm who is a member of his trade union. capital would have to suffer confiscation. This would stop As a matter of fact, the co-operative movement is simply foreign trade. J. Belloc’s Servile State on a small scale-everyone contented [We intend to deal with these and many other cognate with his servility because of his small interest in his society. problems in a second series of articles on the constructive It has all the machinery of a collectivist servile State at aspect of Guild-Socialism.-ED., N. A.] its disposal to crush rebellion. For example, should there **U be a strike at a co-op. shop, the work of that shop is dis- AGE ” CRITICISM. tributed over the others all over the (country until the men “NEW are starved into submission. Sir,-No carping spirit of criticism moves me to make a It is one of the co-op. fictions that there is a universal few observations on your brilliant “Notes of the Week” in 48-hour week-in my shop I have worked a 65-hour week the last issue. The writer of these “Notes” has indeed the without extra pay. Speeding-up is the rule, and every faculty of raising all discussion to a plane where any such worker has as slave-drivers all his superiors, whose interest spirit would be quite out of place. For my part, I have it is to screw the last ounce of work out of him. Under an followed him week by week and seemed to see a new ordinary employer there are one or two slave-drivers ; under social philosophy in the making, evolved with extraordinary co-operation there are dozens. lucidity upon an incontrovertible hypothesis by one of the The co-operative movement is represented in Press and acutest intellects that is finding expression at the present on platform by idealists enamoured of its theories; it is time. In dealing with the problem of capital and labour, he carried out in practice by petty capitalists who screw as has destroyed and constructed with equal audacity, and has much as possible out of their employees and fellow-share- met with no serious opposition, scarcely even with a logical holders. It is as bad-indeed, in some respects worse-than difficulty. Now, nothing daunted, he attacks the infinitely the wage system out of which it grfw, whose attitude it more complex question of feminism. Jn treating it as naturally takes and whose methods it Inevitably reflects. essentially an economic question, he is absolutely right ; And it is cc the natural ally of the unions’’ ! ! ! right, too, in his method of bringing it into line with the CO-OPER.4TOR. general labour question. But he finds himself at once up *** against a fact, which his “Guild-Socialism” is quite inade- quate to deal with, a fact which is, of course, at the root THE SPIRIT OF LABOUR. of the women’s movement, the mere banal fact of the sur- Sir,-Mr. Kerr‘s letter raises doubts as to whether Labour plus female population. How does he dispose of this fact? can emancipate herself. (‘The Transition from the Wage By the bald statement that it is “as we could easily show, System,” however, suggests a method. Query: Will the one of the effects of capitalism, and of capitalism only.” class of Rent, Profit, and Interest allow us to organise on Well, I hope he will make the infinitesimal effort required in the lines proposed? order to show it; but in the meantime I confess myself Political action, to be effective, must be consequent upon sceptical. Whether or not the excess of females is a symp- industrial action; but industrial organisation, to be of any tom of national decadence, I am inclined to think that it value, must just as surely be living-in other words, must is due, in part at any rate, to causes which even the Trades represent spiritual vitality on the part of the organised. Unions in partnership with the State would be powerless tor What we want is not, primarily, more organisation, but control. Given the surplus female population, and more spirit. If the organiktion does not represent the admitting the natural economic dependence of women, what,. spirit of the organised it is dead, and Rent, Profit, and I ask, is the logical solution but some form of polygamy? Interest can rejoice at its funeral. And what chance is there of the Western feminine tempera- There are many wage-slaves who, like myself, have ent, especially in its modern development, adapting itself to neither the ability nor the opportunity to analyse the present such a solution? And even if it did, what reason is there social order with the skill of the writer of “Notes of the to suppose that national well-being would be served thereby ? Week,” and yet have the sense to recognise the value of Will the writer of the “Notes of the Week” face this problem such an analysis. Perhaps one quarter of the I.L.P. is boldly from the point of view of the woman and the State in this boat. Many of these cannot afford a weekly outlay and give us the benefit of the light shed on it by his remark- of threepence. Hence they never see THENEW AGE and able powers of logical deduction? have to rely on the “Labour Misleader” and similar organs. Now to turn for a moment to an utterly different topic. These have the spirit to form a living industrial organism, What a pity it is that you have no one on your staff with but it is so far dormant. The “Daily Mail” and the Labour half an ear for lyric poetry; vide your “Present-Day Criti- Press published article? and speeches on the recent ‘( Labour cism” oracle on Middleton this week. Really this critic Unrest.” The (( Socialist ( !) Review” sometimes publishes ought not to waste his undoubted ability on work’ altogether in pamphlet form its editorials. Why does not THE NEW outside the range of his asthetic sensibilities. No doubt in AGE publish in cheap-i.e., penny-pamphlet form a selec- absolute sincerity, he selects for quotation some of the least tion of the “Notes of the Week.” It is just this which is inspired verses. Anyone who apprehends poetry by intui- now wanted if Labour is to make its declaration of in- tion and not by analysis, would know that “Chant Pagan” dependence. Labour has the spirit, but education-i. e., the “And Heaven’s Dimmest Rafter,” etc., is the weakest poem child’s apprenticeship to slavery-and the Press have sent it in the volume, though even this has a thriIl for the reader- to sleep. DISCONTENTEDI. L. PEER. with an ear. In fact, unsatisfactory as the selections are, *** far worse poetry has been written by every one of the great- GUILD=SOCIALISM. poets. And who, pray, is your ciitic to forbid1 a poet to Sir,-In considering your theory a difficulty has arisen. be personal on pain of being dubbed minor? Was not the It concerns the act of transition to Guild-Socialism. greatest of them all at his best when he was most personal? What is to be done with the capitalists and shareholders? What critic o! discernment ranks .the “Skylark” above, let There seem to be three courses- us say, the Stanzas written in dejection near Naples”?! (n) To buy out their investments. What nonsense it is to complain that Middleton never allows (b) To buy out some of their investments and to con- one to escape from his personality! As if almost all the fiscate the rest. greatest lyrics are not personal cries! Cannot your critic (c) Complete confiscation. recognise the supreme lyric note in such lines as these?- (a) Complete purchase can be effected either by- “The shadows fall and the still (I) Cash payment ; I am loath to sing. (2) Exchange. I have wondered and kissed my fill (I) is obviously impossible. On the lips of Spring.” (2) is equally impassible. What could be given in ex- He may analyse the poem from which this is taken line, change? Ownership or control of business is by line, without perhaps finding a thought which he can ex hypothesi barred. So, I suppose, is land. So label (‘great,” but this will not prove that the poem is not is everything else. a great lyric. Please ask your critic to confine his talents (c) Confiscation is possible, but the results would be to prose, or to IaboriousIy compiled epics, which he can ruinous. Recovery from the reputation acquired would be analyse to his heart’s content, doubtless with much profit to\t very difficult and tedious. Foreign traders would send himself and your readers. ARTHURT. COLMAN. nothing here unless they were prepaid. This would hamper **+ commerce terribly. Indeed, confiscation would be regarded SEX PROBLEMS-A CORRECTION. in other countries as similar to repudiation of the national Sir,-A sentence in the last paragraph of my article last debt, and such action would destroy credit. week should have read : cc A man who drinks too much may. (b) Is open to the same charge in a lesser degree. But always be thinking of the next drink.” here another point arises. If shareholders are partly bought M. B. OXON. 45.6

EADE’S GOUT AND RHEUMATIC PILLS. Analysis BOOKS. showed each of these pills to contain Barbadoes REMAINDER aloes, extract 0.f colchicum, powdered colchicum September Catalogue of corm, treacle, gum and dextrin. The pills are sup- Publishers’ Remainders plied in bottles of 18 pills at I/I+, and 60 pills at 2/9. The estimated cost of materials for 18 NOW READY, GRATIS AND POST FREE. pills is gd. ; for 60 pills, 2+d. CHAMELEON OIL. A bottle which was ex- WM. GLAISHER, Ltd., 265, High Holborn, London, 1/14 and at 14, George Street, Croydon. amined contained three fluid ounces, and a 2/9 bottle gt fluid ounces. The liquid in the two bottles difiered in composition; it consisted of an oily and an aqueous layer, these being in the ratio of I to 1.66 in the dne case. and I to 2 in the other. The ‘(THE MOST PERFECT FORM OF COCOA.” oily layer proved to be a mixture of oils, of turpen- -Guy’s Hospital Gazette. tine, camphor, mustard, spearmint, pimento, and cassia (or cinnamon). The aqueous layer con- tained some alcohol, free ammonia in considerable ,quantity, and certain resins. Assuming the resins to be of the nature indicated in their book, the B.M.A. estimated the cost of the ingredients for FRY’S‘F three fluid ounces to be 3 I-Iod. pence, if rectified spirit were used, and about 24d. if non-mineralised PURE methylated spirit were used.

LEVASCO : “ The Great Indian Gout and Rheumatic Cure.” “This wonderful preparation is the dis- covery of a Hindu doctor in the Himalayan Moun- APPOINTED MANUFACTURERS TO tains. ” A I /IQ bottle was found to h4old rather less than one fluid ounce. Analysis showed the H.M. THE KING, H.M. THE QUEEN, presence of oleo-resin of capsicum, oils of rosemary H.M. QUEEN ALEXANDRA. and lavender, camphor, alcohol, and what appeared to be a trace of soap. Estimated cost of in- gredients, +d., if methylated spirit were used; about 24d. if made with rectified spirit. MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS, TINEURASTHIN, referred to in the advertisements as “this marvellous twentieth-century brain and nerve food discovery,” is put forward as a specific for the cure of neurasthenia. A 4/6 box was found to con- tain 24 tablets, having an average weight of 301 grains each. The usyal dose advised is 3-4 tablets a day between meals On analysts each tablet con- sisted of dry yolk of egg, dry white of egg, dry separated milk, gum, potato starch, moisture, a trace of vanilla, and of some other aromatic sub- i stance that could not be identified. The daily dose i of four tablets, or 122 grains, would conta$; the equivalent of 10 grains of yolk and 43 grain‘s-: of white of egg (not dried); the ratio between these is about the same as exists in an average egg, and the two may be put together and regarded as about a teaspoonful of fresh egg; in addition, the daily dose would represent about two ounces, or a quarter of a tumblerful, of separated milk, and a little starch. ’FENNINGS’ LUNG-HEALERS. Thirty pills sold at I /I&, cost I-7d. They contain ipecacuanha only. ’PEPS. Anafysis showed the presence of sugar, about 70 per cent.; extract of liquorice, about 25 per cent. ; resinous matter, 0.7 per cent. ; talc, about 4 per cent. ; oil of peppermint, a trace; oil of anise, a trace. KOKO contains borax, glycerine, formaldehyde solu- tion, perfume, alcohol, and water. The estimated cost of the ingredients for IZ$ ffuid ounces is Id.; a bottle containing 123 fluid ounces is sold for 4/6. HOLLOWAY’S PILLS contain aloes, powdered ginger, and soap.

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