Bioeconomy in mountain areas – an opportunity for local development
Wood Tecnology and Bioproducts
Manuela Romagnoli Bioeconomy: defined during the Global Bioeconomy Summit (2015) as “the knowledge-based production and utilization of biological resources, innovative biological processes and principles to sustainably provide goods and services across all economic sectors”. Key aspects of the bioeconomy notion: • the transformational role of the bioeconomy in replacing fossil-based products or non-renewable materials; • the enhancement of the natural capital approach to economy (i.e. integration of the value of natural resources to economic development). All bioeconomy strategies highlighted that the replacement of fossil resources by biogenic materials would mitigate climate change (regulating services). An effective implementation of strategies is said to achieve a change in the structure of economies and improve competitiveness, provide growth and jobs together with the criteria to maintain the quality of the environment.
Credit Piermaria Corona WOOD ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE
◼ Renewable material 1m3 of wood reduces CO2 emissions of 1.1 t ◼ Carbon stock
◼ Low carbon foot print
64% of annual 5% excluding increment Russia 25% harvested
ROOF ELEMENT NUMBER LENGHT WIDTH THICKNESS
BACCHETTE COPRIFILO 504 180 5,5 1.5
FASCIONI 168 165 20 2
TAVOLETTE 984 24 10 1.5
LISTELLI 2952 25 5 1.5
ARCARECCI 116 25 15 3.3
MORALETTI 576 170 7.5 6
PUNTONI 18 340 24 18
ELEMENTI SOPRA PUNTONI 18 340 15 13
CATENE 9 23 25 650
MONACI 9 150 24 18
CUSCINI 9 50 15 18
Volume about 30 m3
CO2e kg 27664 2050 2/3 Population will be in the towns
50% carbon footprint reduction, using wood instead concret or fossil based materials • Sustainable forest Abundant management and constant • Reforestation procurement
• Species • Improvement wood Quality quality • Suitable Silviculture ◼ Swietenia (mahogany, macrophylla, etc.)
Rembrandt: Nicolaes Ruts, 1632
RutaRembran (Leida, 15 luglio 1606 – Amsterdam, 4 ottobre 1669), ◼ Convention on International Trade of Fauna and Flora
◼ Abeto (S): Abies guatemalensis
◼ Abeto Mexicano (S): Abies guatemalensis
◼ Abies columbaria Desf. = Araucaria araucana (Molina)
◼ K.Koch
◼ Abies guatemalensis Rehder I PINACEAE (E)
◼ Gautemalan Fir, Mexican Fir (S) Abeto, Abeto
◼ Mexicano, Pinabete
◼ Acajou (F): Swietenia macrophylla
◼ Acajou (F): Cedrela odorata
◼ Acajou d’ Am´ erique (F): Swietenia macrophylla
◼ Acajou de Cuba (S): Swietenia mahagoni
◼ Acajou des Antilles (F): Swietenia macrophylla
◼ Acajou de Santo Domingo (S): Swietenia mahagoni ◼ Afrormosia (E): Pericopsis elata
◼ Afrormosia (F): Pericopsis elata
◼ Afrormosia (S): Pericopsis elata
◼ Afrormosia elata Harms. = Pericopsis elata (Harms) van Meeuwen ◼ Cedrela (F): Cedrela odorata
◼ Cedrela (S): Cedrela odorata
◼ Cedrela adenophylla Mart. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela brachystachya (C.DC.)C.DC. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela caldasana C.DC. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela cubensis Bisse = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela fissilis Vellozo #5 III MELIACEAE (S) Cedro,
◼ Cedro Blanco, Cedro Colorado, Cedro Diamantina,
◼ Cedro Pinta
◼ Cedrela glaziovii C.DC = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela guianensis A.Juss. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela hassleri (C.DC.) C.DC. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela huberi Ducke = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela imparipinnata C. DC. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela lilloi C. de Candolle #5 III MELIACEAE
◼ Cedrela longipes Blake = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela mexicana M.J. Roem = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela mourae C.DC. = Cedrela odorata L. ◼ Cedrela occidentalis C.DC. & Rose in Rose = Cedrela
◼ odorata L.
◼ Cedrela odorata L. #5 III 64 MELIACEAE (E) Cedar,
◼ Cederwood, Cigar-box Cedar, Cigar-box Wood, Red
◼ Cedar, Spanish Cedar, Stinking Mahogany, West
◼ Indian Cedar (S) Cedrela, Cedro Rojo, Cedro rosado
◼ (F) Acajou, Cedrat, Cedrela
◼ Cedrela palustris Handro = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela paraguariensis Mart. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela rotunda S.F.Blake = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela sintenisii C.DC. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela velloziana M.Roem. = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela whitfordii Blake = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedrela yucatana Blake = Cedrela odorata L.
◼ Cedro (S): Cedrela fissilis
◼ Cedro (S): Pilgerodendron uviferum
◼ Cedro Blanco (S): Cedrela fissilis
◼ Cedro Colorado (S): Cedrela fissilis
◼ Cedro Diamantina (S): Cedrela fissilis
◼ Cedro Pinta (S): Cedrela fissilis Cedro Rojo (S): Cedrela odorata Technical and Policy tools to fight illegal logging
◼ What are? Wood microscopy/chemistry/genetic POLICY ◼ PEFC – PROGRAM ENDORSEMENT FOREST CERTIFICATION
◼ FSC FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL
◼ FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Use Re-Use Recycle
2 millions of tons
100.000 trucks Cascade use Circular (bio)economy: defined by Ellen MacArthur Foundation as “one that is restorative and regenerative by design, and which aims to keep products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times, distinguishing between technical and biological cycles”.
Cruci Bio- product al s Provisionin Biomas g services s Bioenerg y
Renewable Ecosyste Regulating Market and Natural m services non-market Capital services value
Ecosyste Cultural Society m services Technical point of view WOOD Research Innovation Application
Technical Regulation Definition and trends
• Product (Solid Technical regulations: state of art. They wood material become instrument for innovation only when and used as a procedure to test new materials and Definition: composites ) products. Applicative • Technological dimension process of an • Organization invention of new forest- wood chains https://www.cen.eu/work/products/TS/Pages/default.aspx
The state of art
No research
Partecipation is voluntary :
Technical standard becomes legislation binding only when it becomes the arm of the law ENTE ABBREVIAZIONI Asociacion Espanola de Normalizacion y Certificacion AENOR Association Francaise de Normalisation AFNOR American National Standards Institute ANSI American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM Association Tecnique Internationale Bois Tropicaux ATIBT American Wood Preservers Association AWPA British Standards Institute BSI Comitato Europeo di Normalizzazione CEN Confederation Europeenne des Industries du Bois CEI-BOIS Conseil International du Batiment CIB Comitato del Legno - FAO - ECE CL-FAO-ECE Canadian Standards Association CSA Centre Tecnique Forestier Tropical CTFT Dansk Standards / Information Technology DS/IT Deutsches Insitut für Normung DIN State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology GOST-R Hellenicand Certification Organization for Standardization ELOT Instituto Portugues da Qualidade IPQ Instituto Argentino de Normalizacion IRAM Istituto per la Ricerca sul Legno IRL International Standards Organization ISO Istituto per la Tecnologia del Legno ITL National Bureau of Standards NBS National Hardwoods Lumber Association NHLA North - American Lumber Grading Rules NLGR Nederlands Normalisatie - Institut NNI National Standards System Network NSSN Polish Committee for Standardization PKN South African Bureau of Standards SABS Standards Australia International Ldt. SAI Standards Council of Canada SCC National and Industrial Research of Malaysia SIRIM Standards and Metrology Institute SMIS Swiss Association for Standardization SNV Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industries TAPPI Timber Research and Development Association TRADA Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione UNI Western Wood Products Association WWPA Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas Brazilian National Standards Organization Associazione Brasiliana di norme tecniche BRASILE www.abnt.o Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products http://www.ce-marking.org/directive-89106eec-Construction-Products.html
Marking CE
The manufacturer, or his agent shall be responsible for the attestation that products are in conformity with the requirements of a technical specification. EN 338 Grading by machine
Sezione Lunghezza N. tavole Volume (mm) (mm) (-) (m3) 23x80 2570 45 0.21 30x100 2570 55 0.42 40x120 3080 45 0.70
TOTALE 145 1.33 Wood Based composites
The process
Processo produttivo:
2 ore
1. Defect elimination 2. Milling and joints gluing
3. Sanding, sometimes primer
30-48 ore 4. Gluing and 5. Finishing of the formation of the product lamella pack
Rocca di Papa 7 novembre 2015 Milling and gluing Finger joints Most important assumption: species
INFC 2005 MANUELA ROMAGNOLI
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO DurabilityDurability: natural resistancedefinitionto the attack of pathogens UE 2004 (Guidance paper F – durability and the construction Products directive) Working life (works) - the period of time during which the performance of the works will be maintained at a level compatible with the fulfilment of the Essential Requirements. Working life (product) - the period of time when the performance of a product will be maintained at a level that enables a properly designed and executed works to fulfil the Essential Requirements (i.e. the essential characteristics of a product meet or exceed minimum acceptable values, without major costs for repair or replacement). The working life of a product depends upon its inherent durability and normal maintenance.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO EN 350: wood durability
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Soil, Aging in soil block in climatic chamber, in vitro
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO UNI EN 335 2013. Use classes
UCS Situazione generale di utilizzo Moisture Fungi Coleoptera Termites Sea organism Service conditions Content
UC1 Interior construction Above ground Always <20 % X L Dry
UC2 Protected from X X L Interior construction weather, but Above ground may be subject to source of Damp moisture . Rarely >20% UC3.1 MC sometimes X (occasionally) X L 3.1 Outdoor >20%. Above ground, UC3.2 MC frequently X (frequently) X L 3.2 Ground contact or fresch water over 20%. non critical conditions
UC4.1 Frequently or X mainly or permanently X L 4.1 Ground contact or fresh water permanently esposed to decay fungi) critical components or difficult over 20%. replacement
Permanently Permanentemently exposed X L UC 4.2 4.2 Outdoor in the ground Critical over 20% to fungi risk (brown,white structural components soft rot)
Permanently X L X UC5 Salt over 20%
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO UNI EN 1995 – EUROCODE 5 Corresponding Wood Moisture content Service class Humidity and temperature Umidità del legno Umidità relativa (%) e corrispondente in Classi di servizio temperatura (°C) conifera 1 65% 20°C <12% 2 85% - 20°C <20% 3 >85% >20%
Be care to do not confuse Service class according to EN 335 which are due to the risk of patogen attacks, with service classes of Eurocode. Service classes have a more general concept related to the method of building, to the risk of pathogens but also to gluing
efficiency and possible delamination.IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO WOOD TREATMENTS
Water- Anti- Fireproof based weathering treatments Preservants
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO USC4
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO USC 5
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Treatments
Toxic for organism Active principle Penetration in wood Not disperse or evaporate
Not dangerous for men and animals Solvent Not flammable and with smell Not alterations in colour Not expensive Treatment process Chemically stable
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Definition of an impregnation process.
A process which includes characteristics or procedures which may get over natural wood resistence to penetration of a preservant in wood in its state ready for use.
Definition of a process of superficial application Process which does not include processes which get over natural resistance of wood to penetration of a preservant in wood in its state ready to use.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Organic preservants -Non compatible Waterwith some compounds. based Quaternary ammonium compounds are i.e. not compatible with iodine. -Sinergy with somepreservants biocides: i.e. alkylamine and Triazoles act in sinergy -Ammine increase anti-corrosion and impermeability -Use of UV absorbentOrganic and antioxidantpreservants increase efficiency. • Quaternary compounds
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO biocida Principio attivo utilizzo Woodlife 111 Propiconazole, Sawmills IPBC, tebuconazole Wolman Propiconazole, Decking, garden tebuconazole, furniture imidacloprid Vacsol Azure Propiconazole, Sawmills tebuconazole, permethrin Clearwood MW-2 Tebuconazole, Sawmills imidacloprid
tebuconazole propiconazole IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO CCA Cu, As, pression CR phenols and pyridine PCP-A pentahlorophenols ACQ Cu, Quaternary ammonium salts pression CA Cu, tebuconazole pression SBX BO3 (disodio, octoborate tetrahydrate) CuN Cu, naftenate ACZA Ossidi di Cu, Zn, As IPBC (3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) + (propiconazole, tebuconazolo, permethryn, IPBC+ imidichloprid)) ZB BO3-Zn Borate Zinc Wax is added to Cu (copper). Micronized systems Cu based (0.2 miron and less), often with Azole or quaternary compounds. Advantage, leaching is decreased, less corrosion of Zinc materials. For this reasom they are less utilized compared to metanolammine
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Antistain Biocides IPBC (3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) DDAC (Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) Propiconazole Tebuconazole OPP ortho- phenylphenol ------
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Recent trends in wood preservation
- Heat treatment
- Oil treatments with vegetable oils
- Chemical wood modification
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Heat treatment
Thermowood, Finlandia, 12 impianti 50.000 m3/ anno, Plato, Paesi bassi Retification (Now) Francia, 3 impianti Menz oil, Germania (trasferimento del calore mediante oli vegetali caldi)
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Heat Treatments
Fase 1 Kiln-Drying with steam (100°C) Fase 2 heat treatment (185- 215 °C, 2 – 3 hours) Fase 3 Cooling at 80- 90 °C and equilibium moisture content up tp 4-7%.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Modifications due to heat-treatment
Color modification (not stable with UV) Lowering of size modifications (shrinkage and swelling) Increasing of durability up to class 1-3 Decreasing mechanical performances Wood is a new material with very different characteristic from the original material
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Durability of Termowood®
Grafico da Thermowood® Handbook 2003, Finnish Termowood Association
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Wood modification
Chemical reaction between cell wall components and one chemical reagent
Excluding resin treatments and heat-treatments
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Chemical modification
Several examples : Close to put in the market Etherification Alkylation Furfurylation Epoxidation Acetylation Esterification DMDHEU Reaction with carbossilic acids Silix compounds Oxidations ……………..
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Acetylation Based on esterification (carboxy groups with anhydride or carboxy acid) Acytilation is by means of acetic anhydride
Limit enzymes actions and fungi degradation of cell wall it is not a biocide
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Acetylated wood: disadvantages - Difficult by the environmental point of view: byproduct is acetic acid. - Process not simple, acetic acid must be eliminated by wood. - Metal corrosion (except steel) - No protection by blue stain - The amount which is used is very important, increasing weight of 20% better results are obtained.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Improved durability. Heat-treatments.
New species
Sapwood
Poor wood quality (stained wood, low durability)
In general lower mechanical performances
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Humar M., De Angelis M., RomagnoliM., KržišnikD., Thaler N., LesarB., 2016. Can be Pinus pinea wood in outdoor application?. IAWS, Paris 1-3 June
180°C
195°C
210°C
220°C
240°C
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Adhesives UF – Urea Formaldehyde (indoor) PF – Phenol Formaldhyde (outdoor) MUF – Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Prf-Rf –Phenol –Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Pu - Poliuretanic monocomponent, bicomponent Epoxy adhesives
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Service class (by Eurocode) Tipe of adhesive
Outdoor (with cycles of drying and immersion) Phenol – formaldehyde Resorcinol – formaldehyde Phenol – Resorcinol – formaldehyde- Emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI adhesives) Melammin - formaldehyde
Outdoor for a short period (Immersion for a short period) Melammin – urea - formaldehyde Isocianate Epoxy resins
Indoor Urea – formaldehyde Casein
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Natural glues
Spina S and Zhou X and Segovia C and Pizzi A and ROMAGNOLI M. and Giovando S and Pasch H and Rode K and Delmotte L.}, 2013. Phenolic resin wood panel adhesives based on chestnut (Castanea sativa) hydrolysable tannins. International Journal of Wood products, 4: 95-100
Romagnoli M., Segoloni E, Luna M, Margaritelli A, Gatti M, Santamaria U, Vinciguerra V. 2013. Wood Colour in Lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia): Chemical Composition and Industrial Implications. Wood Science and Technology, 47: 701-7016
Santoni I., Pizzo B., 2013. Evaluation of alternative vegetable proteins as wood adhesives. Industrial Crops and Products: 148-154.
Tannins Pea, Starch
https://youtu.be/-B5u_7Ra1Z8
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO New generation adhesives
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Aromatic adhesives Aromatic adhesives are very useful especially when polymerized and bonded, they have an high stability to heat and oxidation processes. We saw as aromatic adhesives with formaldehyde give stickers that have very strong bonds. They resist to moisture, to heat, to biological risk. Phenolic adhesives made with phenol, resorcinol and their combination are very useful for both indoor and outdoor use. Trees have both wood and bark phenols, so it is possible to propose the use of these substances as natural adhesives
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Tannin Use of tannins as adhesives. Condensed tannins are similar to phenols and resorcinol with a higher molecular weight and greater presence of functional groups. They can be well used and replace phenols derived from oil, but they have a higher viscosity and more impurities. Although still highly formaldehyde is used for polymerization of tannins, many uses without formaldehyde have also been successfully tested. The situation of hydrolysable tannins is different that are in smaller quantities and are esters of carbohydrates and phenolic acids, and therefore their molecular weight is more similar to phenols used for phenolic resins. A minor limit is the possibility of enough procurement.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO LIGNIN
In theory it has a big potential because it is aromatic compound but it has few phenolic groups. The largest amount of lignin comes from the residues of paper processing but it contains too much impurities and it is difficult to isolate the phenolic compounds. There are many researches to try to convert lignin into natural adhesives. The use of substances such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate polymer to create cross-linked bonds between molecules. Use of glyoxal to replace formaldehyde in the formation of cross- linked bonds has proved to be good. Lignin is generally considered to be a very important polymer because it gives to the wood a high resistance / weight ratio. In principle because it is a thermoplastic compound it is modified with heat and it softens with warm water. This last process is used to produce densified panels where wood fibers are very close each other. The first process, that is, the treatment of wood by high heating is used to produce the so-called welding wood, which uses a clutch mechanism to melt wood pieces together.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Pirolysis that is liquified wood to obtain adhesives Liquified wood is produced using phenols or other solvents. It is possible to obtain lignin and tannins which are natural adhesives while cellulosic part is converted by dehydratation and splitting to have adhesives as furfurol.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Liquified wood is produced by termochemical reactions
GLUING
VERNiSH
Ljubljana, group: Petric M.,
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO TanninS
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO
Table 2. TMA results: average value of MOE maximum and maximum temperature at which full curing occurs for different proportions of PF/Chestnut tannin in the adhesive formulations ______Phenol/Chestnut tannin ratio Average value of Temperature at maximum MOE MOE max (MPa) (°C) ______50/50 4109 170 45/55 4002 170-180 40/60 4135 185 35/65 3866 170-190 30/70 3264 180 20/80 3117 185-220 10/90 3162 200-230 0/100 2231 >240 ______
Rigidity in the joint points by TMA (thermomechanical analysis)
S.Spina, X.Zhou, C.Segovia, A.Pizzi*, M.Romagnoli, S.Giovando, H.Pasch, K.Rode, L.Delmotte, 2013. Journal of adhesion science
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Welding wood
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO PIZZI A., 2011. WOOD WELDING AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN FURNITURE AND BUILDING.
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO Pizzi A., 2001
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO MANY THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
MANUELA ROMAGNOLI [email protected]
IPROMO 2018 - PIEVE TESINO MANUELA ROMAGNOLI
IPROMO 2018 Short wood chain
defect
Laminated fresatura bending castagno
Brunetti M., Silvestri A., Nocetti M., Burato P., Gluing Portoghesi L., Carbone F., Romagnoli M. 2015. Travi lamellari in castagno. Innovazione di prodotto nella filiera del legno per uso strutturale. Sherwood, 215: 31-35.
IPROMO 2018 X-LAM:mmediterranean species.
Per cortesia di Massimo Fragiacomo
IPROMO 2018 Solid wood panels
IPROMO 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pI3tMQ20 mzs
IPROMO 2018 IPROMO 2018 IPROMO 2018 Thermoset polymers: gearshift knob Rolls Royce Bakelite
Wood flour and phenol phormaldehyde
IPROMO 2018 IPROMO 2018 Emergy housing lightweight, high-strength alternative to products such as traditional fiberboard,
Three Dimensional Enginereed Fiberboard
IPROMO 2018 IPROMO 2018 NANOTECHNOLOGY
Consolidant Passive PASSIVE s Preservants • Applied treatments with (CU- based, nanoparticles IPBC based) ACTIVE • Source of biochemicals and nanofibers
IPROMO 2018 Cellulose
MCF NNC …..
IPROMO 2018 Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Most important characters of NNC compared to carbon fibers and glass fibers
Renewable Biodegradable Low cost Light
Moderate Mechanical Properties Sensitivity to Moisture
High crystalline structure
Large aspect ratio (ca. 70)
High surface area (ca. 150 m2/g) Madsen et al. 2013
IPROMO 2018 IPROMO 2018 NANOTECHNOLOGY
IPROMO 2018 Nanocrystals of cellulose Wood vs. Plant fibers biomass
WOOD PLANT FIBERS Low cost High productivity Short fibers, better High cellulose content processability Long fibers with the Utilization of pulp and possibility to control fiber paper mills orientation and lay-up No competition with food Supply from Textile crops Industry
IPROMO 2018 Young’s modulus (13.2 Gpa) tensile strength (214 Mpa)
WOOD PLANT FIBERS
IPROMO 2018 Young’s modulus (13.2 Gpa) tensile strength (214 Mpa)
WOOD PLANT FIBERS
CirculAlp Project - Kick-off meeting, Salzburg (Austria) 6th February 2018
IPROMO 2018 IPROMO 2018 Ideal tree
IPROMO 2018 1. Greater uniformity and predictability of chemical, mechanical and physical properties. 2. Lower MFA 3. Higher growth and yeld (lower cost per ton delivered or per ton carbon). 4. In conifers longer and more Higher specific flexible tracheids (fibers) density 5. Less juvenile wood 6. Lower moisture content Higher (lower) cellulose content
Decreased (increased) or modified lignin High versatility to produce content innovative products
IPROMO 2018 BRUSHOOD
BREAD OF «GENZANO»
IPROMO 2018 Many thanks for your attention
Manuela Romagnoli [email protected]
AD MAJORA
IPROMO 2018