Borough of Poole
2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)
In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management
July 2018
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Borough of Poole
Local Authority Sarah Sutton Officer Department Environmental Services Units 1/2 New Fields Business Park, Poole, Address Dorset. BH17 7UP Telephone 01202 261700
E-mail [email protected] Report Reference 304139 number Date July 2018
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 Borough of Poole
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in the Borough of Poole
Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.
The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.
Poole does not have the level of strategic infrastructure in comparison with many other Local Authorities (such as motorway, trunk roads and dual carriageway primary routes). The local highway network therefore has to accommodate high levels of strategic east-west movements of through traffic. Poole, in combination with Bournemouth and surrounding urban areas, forms the second largest urban area in south-west England with a population of around 474000.
As a result, road traffic is the main source of pollutants in Poole and Environmental
Services (ES) monitor for Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions from vehicle exhausts at 16 permanent locations within the Borough.
For the pollutant NO2, previous monitoring data indicated exceedence of the annual mean NO2 Air Quality Objective (AQO) at Ashley Road and Commercial Road. Ashley Road and Commercial Road were also identified to meet the “narrow congested road with residential properties near to the kerb” criteria. Both were declared as Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) and Air Quality Action Plans (AQAPs) were submitted to and accepted by DEFRA for both sites. As a result 4 additional monitoring locations have been placed within/adjacent to the AQMAs.
Further information on the location and the action being taken to reduce levels of NO2 in these areas can be found on the Borough of Poole website at:
1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 i Borough of Poole http://www.poole.gov.uk/environment/pollution/air-quality-management-area/.
Actions to Improve Air Quality
A summary of progress with both AQAPs has been included in Section 2 of this report. Measured data at the site of relevant receptors suggests that pollutant levels are likely to meet the AQO at all locations in 2017.
The Borough of Poole is participating in a project with Public Health Dorset and the Local Authorities within Dorset to monitor concentrations of fine particulates across a range of locations in Dorset and assess any linkages with local health data. Further details are provided in Section 2.3 of this report.
Environmental Services continue to work with colleagues in Growth and Infrastructure in respect of the ongoing implementation and review of both Air Quality Action Pans for Commercial Road and Ashley Road, as well as the Local Transport Plan and Three Towns Travel Plan, and in Planning and Regeneration to produce air quality planning guidance through the planning process.
Conclusions and Priorities
At the 16 permanent monitoring locations within the Borough of Poole there were no corrected annual mean NO2 concentration that were above the objective in 2017.
At the 4 additional monitoring points within the AQMAs there were no corrected annual mean NO2 concentrations that were above the objective in 2017.
The AQAPs will require review now that the majority of the measures have been completed.
Priorities within the Borough of Poole
The importance of improving air quality and the links with wider priorities is recognised in the Borough of Poole Corporate Strategy. Ongoing work continues under the Local Transport Plan to achieve the stated Goals. The priority is to achieve further measured reductions in air pollution within the AQMAs. The draft Poole Local Plan underwent an examination in public in February 2018 and the importance of air quality in the planning process is stated. Several of the challenges and objectives relate to transport and therefore air quality. Proposals will require air quality
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 ii Borough of Poole assessments wherever an adverse impact on air quality becomes evident from transport assessments.
Borough of Poole Corporate Strategy 2015/19
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iii Borough of Poole
Bournemouth, Poole and Dorset Local Transport Plan 3 2011 – 2026
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 iv Borough of Poole
Poole Local Plan (modified draft)
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 v Borough of Poole
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 vi Borough of Poole Local Engagement and How to get Involved
Where can I find air quality information for Poole?
The Borough of Poole monthly monitoring data can be viewed and downloaded from the DEFRA Diffusion Tube Data Centre: http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/diffusion- tubes/local-authority/poole-borough-council.html. Further information, including all the previous reports to DEFRA, can be found on the Borough of Poole’s air quality web pages at: http://archive.poole.gov.uk/environment/pollution/air-quality/.
If you require any specific information or data from us, please contact us at [email protected].
Where can I find information on daily air pollution levels?
DEFRA provide a daily pollution forecast here: https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/?type=Current, along with a 5-day prediction of air pollution levels across the UK. Links on the DEFRA page also provide health advice for days when pollution levels are expected to be moderate, high or very high. In addition, the latest results from the national monitoring network can be viewed here: https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/interactive-map?region_id=11
What can I do to improve air quality in my area?
General advice on how to reduce air pollution is available on our website: http://archive.poole.gov.uk/environment/pollution/reducing-air-pollution/. The majority of polluting emissions within Poole are from vehicle exhausts and to reduce these you could consider fuel efficient driving techniques such as those from the Department for Transport at: http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca//fcb/smarter-driving-tips.asp.
Alternatively you could sign up for a car sharing group such as https://dorset.liftshare.com/ or use a car club such as Co-Wheels who operate a variety of pay-as-you-go vehicles for hire across Poole and Bournemouth, including electric and hybrid vehicles: http://www.co-wheels.org.uk/. These alternatives to private car ownership help to reduce congestion and save money.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 vii Borough of Poole Table of Contents
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in the Borough of Poole ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... ii Conclusions and Priorities ...... ii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... vii 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Borough of Poole 4
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 21 2.4 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 27 2.4.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 27 2.4.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 27 2.5 Individual Pollutants ...... 28
2.5.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 28
2.5.2 Particulate Matter (PM10) ...... 32
2.5.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) ...... 32
2.5.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ...... 33 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 34 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017 ...... 39 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 41 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 49 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 52 Glossary of Terms ...... 53 References ...... 54
List of Tables Table 2.1 - Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 - Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 14 Table 2.3 - Additional Measures to Improve Air Quality in Poole ...... 23
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 viii Borough of Poole
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 - Trend in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs ...... 6
Figure 2.2 - Running averages in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs ...... 7 Figure 2.3 - Improvements resulting from the 3TT in Poole ...... 10
Figure 2.4 - Background PM2.5 in Borough of Poole ...... 22
Figure 2.5 - Map of Monitoring Locations for the Pan Dorset PM2.5 Project...... 25 Figure 2.6 - Installed AQMesh and OmniFT monitors ...... 25 Figure 2.7 - Example Output from AQMesh monitoring ...... 26 Figure 2.8 – Examples of AQMesh data visualisation ...... 27 Figure 3.1 - Monitoring Trends Within AQMAs 2013-2017 ...... 29 3 Figure 3.2 - Trend graphs where measured NO2 concentrations > 35µg/m ...... 32
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 ix Borough of Poole
1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in the Borough of Poole during 2017. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.
The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by the Borough of Poole to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.
The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 1 Borough of Poole
2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas
Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.
A summary of AQMAs declared by the Borough of Poole can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at: http://archive.poole.gov.uk/environment/pollution/air-quality-management-area/. Alternatively, see Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMA(s).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 2 Borough of Poole
Table 2.1 - Declared Air Quality Management Areas
Level of Exceedance
(maximum
monitored/modelled Action Plan concentration at a AQMA One Line location of relevant Name Description exposure)
City / Town City/ Name At
Now Date of Link
PollutantsAir and
QualityObjectives Is air Is quality the in
Dateof Declaration Declaration
roads controlled roads by Highways England? AQMAinfluenced by Publication
Commercial LAQM AQAP Area No. 1 NO Road between (A35 http://archive.poole.gov.uk/ 2 42.8 35.78 (Commercial 01/09/2010 Annual Poole Station Road NO 3 3 Commercial environment/pollution/air- µg/m µg/m Road) Mean and Curzon Road) April quality-management-area/ Road junction 2013
A small area of Ashley Road, Area No. 2 NO Mansfield Road LAQM AQAP http://archive.poole.gov.uk/ 2 42.2 (Ashley 27/09/2011 Annual Poole and Victoria NO 3 (Ashley Road) environment/pollution/air- µg/m Road) Mean Road on the May 2014 quality-management-area/ Victoria Cross junction
An area of Ashley Road to Amendment include all NO LAQM AQAP http://archive.poole.gov.uk/ to Area No. 2 properties 45.2 40.87 56/04/2013 Annual Poole NO 3 3 (Ashley Road) environment/pollution/air- 2 (Ashley between 467 µg/m µg/m Mean May 2014 quality-management-area/ Road) Ashley Road and Jubilee Road
☒ The Borough of Poole confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 3 Borough of Poole
2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in the Borough of Poole
Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded, “On the basis of the evidence provided by the local authority, the conclusions reached are acceptable for all sources and pollutants, with the provisos in the commentary below”.
The following comments were made:
1. It is noted that the Council plan to undertake a review of the AQAP following the completion of many of the listed measures. This action is welcomed, and we suggest further measures should be developed that specifically target the remaining exceedances at Commercial Road AQMA.
The Borough of Poole is currently working on the Targeted Feasibility Study to assess options to bring forward compliance with the requirements of the Ambient Air Quality Directive on parts of the A3049 and A348. It is anticipated that once this work is complete, work can begin on the review of the AQAP as planned.
2. There are currently only 2 exceedances of the annual mean NO2 objective (after bias adjustment and distance correction), at the monitoring site in Commercial Road AQMA, and just outside the Commercial Road AQMA boundary, at site 18. We therefore recommend the Local Authority undertake additional monitoring in the area to determine the extent of the exceedances, and consider amending the boundary of the Commercial Road AQMA to include the exceedance at site 18 and other locations where exceedances are likely to occur.
In 2017 there were no exceedences of the annual mean NO2 objective following correction for bias and distance to relevant exposure. However, along with other Local Authorities, we have noted that measured concentrations were generally lower around the country in 2017 and therefore intend to continue to monitor in the existing locations and look at suitable locations to introduce further monitoring to refine the extent of the AQMA. However, it is anticipated that an expansion of the AQMA would not currently result in any additional changes to the AQAP, although it is accepted that this is due for review.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 4 Borough of Poole
3. Annual mean NO2 concentrations in the Ashley Road AQMA are currently below 30 µg/m3, (with one site (site 9) just outside the boundary measuring at 34.7 µg/m3 after distance correction). Concentrations have also been low in Ashley Road AQMA over the last 4 years. We suggest the Council consider increasing monitoring in Ashley Road AQMA to determine whether exceedances still exist, and if none are found, move towards revocation.
In 2017 there were no exceedences of the annual mean NO2 objective following correction for bias and distance to relevant exposure. However, along with other Local Authorities, we have noted that measured concentrations were generally lower around the country in 2017 and therefore intend to continue to monitor in the existing locations and look at suitable locations to introduce further monitoring to refine the extent of the AQMA.
4. Results presented for comparison to objective levels, including Table A.3 should be presented as fully corrected as required for bias and annualisation, and corrected for distance so results are representative of relevant exposure.
It is noted that current guidance with the ASR Table Template England 2018 v2 indicates that “The monitored values entered in Table A.3 should be those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), not those following any fall off with distance correction.”
The Borough of Poole has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2017 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.
More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plans and the associated Local Transport Plan and the Three Towns Travel Project. Key completed measures are:
Commercial Road AQAP: 7 measures are now completed in the category of Traffic Management
Ashley Road AQAP: Completion of all LSTF funded Three Towns Travel project measures identified in Ashley Road AQAP in the category of Traffic Management
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 5 Borough of Poole
Completion of eight measures within the Local Transport Plan (LTP) in the categories of Traffic Management, Promoting Travel Alternatives and Transport Planning and Infrastructure
The completed measures within the AQAPs and the LTP are of a type that DEFRA consider are likely to have a low effect on reducing emissions of NO2, defined as where the “action is focussed on a small proportion of the sources contributing to an exceedence”. However, DEFRA also recognise that multiple measures with a ‘low’ impact may be necessary before those measures with a higher emission reduction impact can be introduced. In addition, some of the low impact measures may have additional benefits that are not connected to air pollution, such as health benefits from a greater uptake of more active transport modes4.
Trend graphs across the AQMA monitoring locations indicate a generally declining trend in bias adjusted annual mean NO2 concentrations.
AQMA Monitoring Trends 2013 - 2017
50.00 45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 2013 15.00 2014 10.00 5.00 2015 0.00 2016 2017
Nitrogen Dioxide per (µg cubicmetre) AQO
AshleyRoad
AshleyRoad 35 AshleyRoad 28
CommercialRoad
CommercialRoad 416 CommercialRoad 421 Monitoring Location
Figure 2.1 - Trend in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs
4 LAQM Action Toolbox – http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=AnnexA
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 6 Borough of Poole
Running averages (12-month) for raw data (not adjusted for bias) across the monitoring sites within the AQMAs indicates that the trend is also one of declining concentrations at all sites.
Commercial Road AQMA - running average 2013 - 2017
60
55
50 CR416 45 CR421
40 CR AQO
35
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Feb-13 Feb-14 Feb-15 Feb-16 Feb-17
Aug-13 Aug-14 Aug-15 Aug-16 Aug-17
Nov-13 Nov-14 Nov-15 Nov-16 Nov-17
May-13 May-14 May-15 May-16 May-17 Year
Ashley Road AQMA - running average 2013 - 2017
45 43 41 39 37 AR35 35 AR28 33 AR 31 AQO
29
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Feb-13 Feb-14 Feb-15 Feb-16 Feb-17
Aug-13 Aug-14 Aug-15 Aug-16 Aug-17
Nov-13 Nov-14 Nov-15 Nov-16 Nov-17
May-17 May-13 May-14 May-15 May-16 Year
Figure 2.2 - Running averages in NO2 concentrations within AQMAs
These trends indicate that the some further monitoring could be required beyond the Commercial Road AQMA to further describe the air quality beyond the AQMA boundary along Commercial Road. This area comprises mainly commercial properties at ground floor level with some residential accommodation at first and
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 7 Borough of Poole second floor levels. To the east of the AQMA the street scene opens up and the south of Commercial Road is occupied by open green space.
To the west of the AMQA the street scene also opens up away from the main shopping centre, with occasional residential properties and further commercial properties set back from the road.
Both of the additional monitoring points (CR416 and CR421 are near to traffic light controlled junctions and therefore represent worst-case scenarios. Locations of relevant exposure that are also suitable for situating diffusion tubes are not prevalent
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 8 Borough of Poole in this area, however a further assessment of locations away from the current locations will be undertaken.
Similarly in Ashley Road, the scenario is one of commercial use at ground floor with some residential use at upper levels and this situation continues to the east of the AQMA boundary.
However, further along Ashley Road (east of Albert Road) the situation on the southern side of the road becomes predominantly residential.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 9 Borough of Poole
Therefore, as the tube locations at AR28 and AR35 are consistently below the AQO, but the permanent Ashley Road location continues to record high concentrations of
NO2, further monitoring locations to the east of the current AQMA boundary will be assessed.
Three Towns Travel
The Three Towns Travel (3TT) Annual Monitoring Report Year 3 stated that a number of component schemes off the 3TT project have been completed and some were still underway. As described above, all of the measures relating to the Ashley Road AQAP are now complete. A Final Outcomes Report for the project was due in 2017 but it is not yet apparent if this will be produced. However, across the 16km long corridor encompassed by the project, the following improvements have been reported:
Figure 2.3 - Improvements resulting from the 3TT in Poole
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 10 Borough of Poole
Local Transport Plan (LTP)
Measures from the LTP that also form part of the AQAP are mainly complete with one measure that is an ongoing initiative. The Bournemouth, Poole, Dorset LTP3 Implementation Plan Three 2017 to 2020 – May 2017 reports the following major achievements of Implementation Plan 2 (IP2):
LSTF Large Joint Project (£12.1m) – This project provided an integrated package of sustainable transport measures, along the main east-west corridor (incorporating the A35) through the three local authority areas. The package was implemented and marketed as “Three Towns Travel” (3TT), and has delivered enhanced local bus, rail, walking and cycling improvements, through a combination of targeted infrastructure, service and operational improvements. See above;
Office for Low Emission Vehicles (£850,000) – Following competitive bidding in April 2015, the three authorities received a grant from the Government Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) to install a network of 17 rapid electric vehicle charging points across the Dorset region. The chargers are now operational and are managed by a partnership of the three partners under the ‘Chargeret’ brand. The ‘Chargeret’ rapid charger network ‘plugs the gap’ on the strategic road network between Southampton and Exeter enabling longer distance journeys and a network of rapid chargers in towns allows motorists to recharge their Electric Vehicles (EVs) once they are in Dorset. The rapid chargers also reassure local businesses that they can purchase and operate EV’s for intensive use within Dorset.
Poole Bridge Approach Spans – With £6.1m of funding successfully secured through the Local Growth Fund, via Dorset LEP, this project safeguarded the long-term future of Poole Bridge and, together with the Twin Sails Bridge, will ensure that Poole benefits from the resilience of a two-bridge system. The new approach spans and walkways are wider which will ease traffic and create a safer and more pleasant experience for pedestrians and cyclists. These improvements, coupled with the major resurfacing work on Blandford Road, will provide a better journey for those travelling to and from Hamworthy and especially those who wish to walk and cycle to and from the town centre.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 11 Borough of Poole
In addition, more than 1.5 miles of cycleway was created along Magna Road as part of a £2.937m award from the Department for Transport Highways Maintenance Challenge Fund. £11.7m was secured from DLEP through the Dorset Growth Deal to improve access to the port, town centre and to help ‘unlock’ the development sites for regeneration as part of Townside Access.
Planning Applications
Within the town centre regeneration area the following planning applications were received in 2017 with accompanying Air Quality Assessments:
Sydenhams (current timber yard) – application for redevelopment of 353 residential units, 2333m2 flexible use floor space (A1-4, B1, D1-2) and boat basin
Crown Closures (former production and printing of metal food jar lids) – 104 dwellings and 66 bed car home
Power Station (outline) – up to 850 dwellings , 1000m2 supporting community and commercial uses (B1, D1, A1-5)
All planning applications are assessed against available guidance from IAQM/EPUK: Land-Use Planning & Development Control: Planning For Air Quality and Guidance on the assessment of dust from demolition and construction to determine if Air Quality Assessments are required or for mitigation of adverse impacts from developments on air quality/human health. As a result of the Local Plan, applications that require a Transport Assessment will also be required to assess the impacts on air quality. An Air Quality Planning Advice Note for developers is in progress to guide applicants through the process.
The Borough of Poole’s priorities for the coming year are to complete the Air Quality Advice Note.
Challenges
The principal challenges and barriers to implementation that the Borough of Poole anticipates facing are that Poole does not have the level of strategic infrastructure in comparison with many other Local Authorities. The local highways network therefore has to cope with accommodating high levels of strategic east-west movements of through traffic. Poole, in combination with Bournemouth and the surrounding urban areas, forms the second largest urban area in the south-west of England with a
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 12 Borough of Poole population of around 474000. The South East Dorset conurbation is the main economic driver for Dorset with the population in Poole expected to rise to 156100 by 2020 with a 10% growth in employment. The area is a key tourist destination, attracting many visitors, particularly during the summer months.
The highway network itself is somewhat constrained by the coast to the south which, although a significant natural asset, resulting in the lack of orbital routes that many other urban areas benefit from. Transport issues are further exacerbated by limited crossings over the River Stour which runs to the north of the Bournemouth / Poole conurbation. This results in a transport network that is very sensitive and vulnerable to traffic incidents and weather related disruption.
Future Priorities
The Borough of Poole Environmental Services will continue to liaise with Growth and Infrastructure Services in respect of the ongoing implementation and review of both Air Quality Action Pans for Commercial Road and Ashley Road, as well as the Local Transport Plan and Three Towns Travel Plan, and will continue to implement air quality planning guidance through the planning process. Environmental Services will investigate any available funding opportunities to further improve air quality monitoring across the Borough and identify further potential measures to reduce concentrations of air pollutants. Environmental Services will work with Public Health Dorset to share information and improve knowledge of air pollution across Poole and the wider conurbations.
Whilst the measures stated above and in Table 2.2 will help to contribute towards compliance, the Borough of Poole anticipates that further additional measures not yet prescribed will be required in subsequent years to achieve compliance and enable the revocation of the Commercial Road and Ashley Road AQMAs.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 13 Borough of Poole
Table 2.2 - Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality
ments /
Phase
Actual Actual
Measure Measure
Indicator
Pollutant /
Barriersto
Estimated /
Com
MeasureNo.
EUCategory
Reduction in
involvedand
Organisations
Emission from
Implementation
PlanningPhase
FundingSource
implementation
CompletionDate
Progress to Date
EUClassification Key Performance Key
UTC, Congestion Ashley Cross junction Traffic 2009 - Reduced Implemented CR1 management, traffic Borough of Poole improvements Management 2010 congestion 2009-10 reduction Installation of traffic Reduced UTC, Congestion signals at the junction of Traffic congestion Implemented CR2 management, traffic Borough of Poole Station Road/ Management Improved traffic 2009-10 reduction Commercial Road flow
Reduced Loading Ban UTC, Congestion Commercial Road Traffic 2009 - 2012 - congestion advertised and Implemented CR3 management, traffic Borough of Poole Loading Ban Management 2011 2014 Improved traffic approved in October November 2013 reduction flow 2013
Reduced Enforcement of Bus UTC, Congestion Traffic 2011 - congestion Enforcement as part CR4 Clearways along the A35 management, traffic Borough of Poole Mar-15 Management 2015 Improved traffic of LSTF Project Corridor reduction flow
Reduced UTC, Congestion Traffic congestion Implemented CR5 Link Traffic Signals management, traffic Borough of Poole Management Improved traffic 2013 - 2014 reduction flow
Reduced UTC, Congestion Intelligent Transport Traffic congestion Completed CR6 management, traffic Borough of Poole Systems on A35 Management Improved traffic March 2015 reduction flow
Promoting With Travel Planning & Other Personalised Travel CR7 Travel Borough of Poole LSTF Not funded Smarter Choices Planning Alternatives Bid
Promoting With CR8 Travel Training Travel Other LSTF Not funded Alternatives Bid
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 14 Borough of Poole
Traffic Completed 2012 CR9 Marketing & Promotion Other Management - 2015
Joint Borough of Promoting Poole/Bournemouth Bid 2016 - CR10 Business Travel Plans Travel Workplace Travel Planning Borough March Not funded 2020 Alternatives Council/Dorset County 2015 Council
Removed from Move the Parkstone Post programme – not CR11 Office Bus Stop supported by bus companies
Improve cycling and Removed from CR12 walking provision and programme facilities on Station Road
Decluttered signals/street Traffic furniture – MR1 Mansfield Road Junction Other Borough of Poole Mar-14 Management improved compliance with signals Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Traffic Improved MR2 Mansfield Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole Mar-14 Management pedestrian safety management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Improvement Traffic MR3 Mansfield Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole linked to cycle Mar-14 Management management, Selective safety vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Linking UTC will UTC, Congestion allow more free- Traffic MR4 Mansfield Road Junction management, traffic Borough of Poole flowing traffic and Mar-14 Management reduction reduce stop/start and idling Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing Traffic prioritising road space away vehicles thus MR5 Mansfield Road Junction Borough of Poole Mar-14 Management from cars, including Access reducing management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 15 Borough of Poole
high vehicle occupancy lane quality
Will allow more free flowing vehicles thus Traffic MR6 Mansfield Road Junction Other Borough of Poole reducing Mar-14 Management congestion and improving air quality
Improvements MR7 Mansfield Road Junction Borough of Poole directed at public Mar-14 realm
Decluttered signals/street Traffic furniture – RR1 Richmond Road Junction Other Borough of Poole Jul-14 Management improved compliance with signals Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Traffic Improved RR2 Richmond Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole Jul-14 Management pedestrian safety management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re- Linking UTC will prioritising road space away allow more free- Traffic RR3 Richmond Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole flowing traffic and Jul-14 Management management, Selective reduce stop/start vehicle priority, bus priority, and idling high vehicle occupancy lane Will allow more free flowing UTC, Congestion vehicles thus Traffic RR4 Richmond Road Junction management, traffic Borough of Poole reducing Jul-14 Management reduction congestion and improving air quality Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Traffic RR5 Richmond Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Jul-14 Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 16 Borough of Poole
Improvements RR6 Richmond Road Junction Borough of Poole directed at public Jul-14 realm
Decluttered signals/street Traffic furniture – CA1 Central Area Other Borough of Poole Mar-15 Management improved compliance with signals Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Traffic Improved CA2 Central Area from cars, including Access Borough of Poole Mar-15 Management pedestrian safety management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Traffic Will allow more CA3 Central Area from cars, including Access Borough of Poole Mar-15 Management free flowing buses management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Traffic Improved CA4 Central Area from cars, including Access Borough of Poole Mar-15 Management pedestrian safety management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Traffic Improved CA5 Central Area from cars, including Access Borough of Poole Mar-15 Management pedestrian safety management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane
Public realm but some evidence of CA6 Central Area Other Borough of Poole Mar-15 pollution sink from tree planting
Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Traffic CA7 Central Area from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Mar-15 Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 17 Borough of Poole
Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Weymouth Rd to Traffic WR1 from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Mar-14 Mansfield Rd Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Weymouth Rd to Traffic WR2 from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Mar-14 Mansfield Rd Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Traffic RA1 Randolph Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Mar-14 Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality Strategic highway improvements, Re- prioritising road space away Traffic Improved cycle RA2 Randolph Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole Mar-14 Management safety management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy lane Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Traffic RA3 Randolph Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Mar-14 Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Traffic RA4 Randolph Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Mar-14 Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality Strategic highway Will allow more improvements, Re- free flowing prioritising road space away vehicles thus Traffic ER1 Edward Road Junction from cars, including Access Borough of Poole reducing Mar-15 Management management, Selective congestion and vehicle priority, bus priority, improving air high vehicle occupancy lane quality Improved Installation of Poole coordination of Completed UTC, Congestion Control Room. Joint Traffic Control Traffic traffic. March 2015 LTP1 management, traffic Borough of Poole Combined common Centre Management Improved liaison Programmed reduction database between 3 between 3 April 2017 Authorities Authorities
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 18 Borough of Poole
Quicker entry onto Concession cards buses to reduce Completed Transport ‘live’ and all buses time at stops. March 2015 LTP2 ITSO Smartcards Planning and Other upgraded. Improved traffic Went live March Infrastructure Getting About Card in flow. Improved 2016 development for use passenger uptake.
Blue Tooth Traffic UTC, Congestion Improved traffic Intelligent Transport Traffic Management. LTP3 management, traffic flow information Oct-14 Systems Management Variable Message reduction along A35 corridor Signs. CCTV
Seaview Roundabout Vanguard Road - new Promoting Strategic Cycleway Improved uptake cycleways and extra LTP4 Travel Promotion of cycling Mar-15 Network of cycling parking Alternatives Advance stop lines to all junctions
UTC, Congestion Improved traffic Traffic Bus priority at 30 LTP5 Urban Traffic Control management, traffic flow information Mar-15 Management junctions reduction along A35 corridor
The Shah 2013 Seaview Roundabout 2013 UTC, Congestion Civic Centre Local Junction Traffic Improved traffic March 2015 LTP6 management, traffic County Gates Improvements Management flow September 2014 reduction Poole Road/Bourne July 2014 Valley July 2014 Pottery Junction
Improved Transport System upgraded Real Time Information information LTP7 Planning and Other New/improved May-15 Improvements Improved uptake Infrastructure displays at all bustops of public transport
Replaced by a Smarter Choices: Promoting Personalised Travel Business Travel Plan Ongoing LTP8 Personalised Travel Travel Planning Network developed by initiative Planning Alternatives LSTF Bid
Transport Improved uptake Electric Vehicle Charging 17 Rapid Charging LTP9 Planning and Other of low carbon Dec-15 Points points across Dorset Infrastructure emission vehicles
Improved cycle access and parking. Transport Public transport Improved Access to Improved uptake Improved waiting LTP10 Planning and improvements-interchanges Sep-14 Stations of rail transport facilities at Poole, Infrastructure stations and services Parkstone and Branksome Stations
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 19 Borough of Poole
Modal shift from car to Promoting walking/cycling to Developing a scheme LTP11 Safer Routes to School Travel School Travel Plans school for the new Ocean Sep-15 Alternatives Reduced car use Academy on strategic network Three 20mph areas UTC, Congestion Modal shift from adjacent to A35 Local Road Safety Traffic July 2015 LTP12 management, traffic car to Two 20mph areas Schemes Management March 2016 reduction walking/cycling adjacent to A35 in development Existing Parking Restraint Areas: Poole Town, Civic Centre, Workplace Parking Levy, Parking Traffic Improved traffic Ashley Cross, County LTP13 Parking Enforcement on Oct-14 Controls/Enforcement Management flow on A35 Gates highway Extension of Loading Ban at Commercial Road AQMA Strategic highway improvements, Re- Improved traffic prioritising road space away flow on A35 Ashley Road Traffic See earlier actions for LSTF from cars, including Access Reduced traffic Mar-15 Improvements Management details management, Selective flow on vehicle priority, bus priority, Commercial Road high vehicle occupancy lane Reduced future effectiveness after Workplace Parking Levy, Enforcement of school Traffic Parliamentary CEC Camera Enforcement Car Parking Enforcement on and bus clearways Management intervention to remove highway and loading bans ability to enforce loading bans
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 20 Borough of Poole
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations
As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.
Background data from DEFRA has been used to indicate the spatial variation of
PM2.5 concentrations across the Borough of Poole as shown in Figure 2.4 below. The map indicates the highest PM2.5 concentrations as generally correlating with the Port area and main through roads, suggesting that measures to reduce NO2 emissions from traffic could also reduce concentrations of PM2.5. Note that the background 3 3 PM2.5 concentrations within Poole range from 6.74 – 11.08µg/m (8.63 – 11.67µg/m in 2016) and are therefore less than 50% of the European Directive target limit for 2020 of 25µg/m3.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 21 Borough of Poole
Figure 2.4 - Background PM2.5 in Borough of Poole
The existing measures listed in Table 2.2 above, aimed at tackling NO2 emissions within the AQMAs, have also been identified by DEFRA as likely to help reduce emissions of PM2.5. These existing measures are identified as having a low effect on reducing emissions of NO2 and PM10, defined as where the “action is focussed on a small proportion of the sources contributing to an exceedence”. However, DEFRA also recognise that multiple measures with a ‘low’ impact may be necessary before those measures with a higher emission reduction impact can be introduced. In
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 22 Borough of Poole addition, some of the low impact measures may have additional benefits that are not connected to air pollution, such as health benefits from a greater uptake of more active transport modes.
Furthermore, the following measures undertaken by Growth and Infrastructure Services within the Borough of Poole (listed in Table 2.3) are also identified in the 5 DEFRA LAQM Action Toolbox as contributing to the reduction of PM2.5 emissions.
Table 2.3 - Additional Measures to Improve Air Quality in Poole Measure Measure Evidence of success Category Classification School Travel Plans Cycling/Walking Promoting Travel Promotion of Cycling A programme of initiatives to encourage more Alternatives Promotion of Walking people to walk and cycle more often: Cycle network Ongoing Walking and Cycling Delivery Plan of infrastructure improvements Cycle and walking maps Work with schools and businesses to plan for sustainable travel Promotional events and campaigns
Bikeability cycle training figures:
Balance 63 Level 1 15 Level 1&2 313 Level 3 6 Transport Planning Bus route and Infrastructure High levels of public satisfaction with pedestrian and improvements cycle facilities (2017 National Highways & Transport Survey)
Public Transport Local Authorities partners in the South East Dorset Voluntary Quality Bus Partnership continue to invest in improving infrastructure (new bus shelters, accessible bus stops, bus priority and real time information) to enable commercial bus operation to flourish. Operators have in return invested in new vehicles, contactless ticketing and improved service frequencies to generate a return to bus as a mode of choice. This has resulted in a year on year increase in bus patronage over the last decade. Borough of Poole operates a staff car share Car & lift sharing scheme, helping to remove vehicles from peak Alternatives to schemes traffic flows. private vehicle use Funding awarded. Operation commenced during Car Clubs 2017. http://www.co-wheels.org.uk/poole Policy Guidance Sustainable transport measures often accepted as Supplementary and Development mitigation for less than optimum number of parking Planning Documents Control spaces in a development.
5 LAQM Action Toolbox - http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/technical-guidance/index.html?d=AnnexA
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 23 Borough of Poole
In 2017 there were 6194 charging session across the whole ChargerNet network (Poole, Bournemouth and Dorset)
Promoting low A total of 2301 charging sessions since installation EV charging points emission transport in April 2015: Year No of sessions 2015 (From April) 305 2016 812 2017 1184
Pan Dorset PM2.5 Monitoring Project
Public Health England included a specific Health Protection Indicator within the Public Health Outcome Framework (PHOF), looking to improve the fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution. To properly review the situation within Dorset, all the local authorities have collaborated with Public Health Dorset to formulate a project to monitor PM2.5.
The project will look to create an air quality evidence base for the local authority areas of Dorset, Bournemouth and Poole and establish the local linkages with health outcomes. This will corroborate DEFRA modelling and the PHOF. In addition, the work will be used to validate research on satellite-derived particulate measurements undertaken by Southampton University.
The project will create a pan-Dorset monitoring network with monitoring locations selected by way of a formal review of pollution, health and demographic data, within a model created by Public Health Dorset.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 24 Borough of Poole
Figure 2.5 - Map of Monitoring Locations for the Pan Dorset PM2.5 Project
The monitoring methods will be by way of a number of
AQ Mesh AQMesh Pods, which will be collocated and referenced to Unit an existing Real-Time analyser within Weymouth and Portland Borough Council. In addition, Omni FT Samplers will be used around the network to collect physical
Omni FT samples of particulates and then analysed to establish the Sampler speciation of particles throughout our County. Solar Panels
Figure 2.6 - Installed AQMesh and OmniFT monitors
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 25 Borough of Poole
The project’s partners comprise:
Public Health Dorset Weymouth and Portland Borough Council West Dorset District Council North Dorset District Council Poole Borough Council Bournemouth Borough Council Purbeck District Council Christchurch Borough Council Southampton University
The AQMesh network installation was completed in May. The project started to receive data immediately, and its initial duration anticipated to be approximately 2 years. The additional Omni FT samplers are currently installed around the network to enable collection of fine particulate matter for chemical analysis to further enhance our understanding of the composition of the particulate matter across Dorset.
Figure 2.7 - Example Output from AQMesh monitoring
It is anticipated that the data will be made publicly available to other interested stakeholders, for example the schools on which the monitors are currently sited for use in the school curriculum. We are working on determining the best data formats for each stakeholder so that the information is accessible, understandable and usable.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 26 Borough of Poole
Figure 2.8 – Examples of AQMesh data visualisation
Public Health Dorset have also been examining the link between air quality and health and have used the modelled data and hospital admission data to visualise the link. The work can be found here, with data relating to both NO2 and PM2.5: http://www.publichealthdorset.org.uk/understanding/wider-impacts-on- health/environment/air-pollution/Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance
2.4 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
2.4.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites
There are no automatic monitoring sites located within the Borough of Poole.
2.4.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
The Borough of Poole undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 16 permanent monitoring locations in 2017. In addition to the permanent sites, the Council has been undertaking long-term monitoring within/near the two AQMAs with diffusion tubes placed at two extra locations within/near each AQMA, commencing in 2013. Table A.1 Appendix A shows the details of the sites.
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes,
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 27 Borough of Poole including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.
2.5 Individual Pollutants
The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.
2.5.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Table A.2 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.
For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B.
Error! Reference source not found. in Appendix A compares the ratified ontinuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 200µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.
At the 16 permanent monitoring locations within the Borough of Poole there was one measured annual mean NO2 concentrations that was above the objective in 2017. This was within the Ashley Road Air Quality Management Area (AQMA).
Monitoring Trends 2013 - 2017
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 2013 15.00 2014 10.00 2015 5.00 2016 0.00 2017
Nitrogen Dioxide per (µg cubicmetre) AQO
TwinSails
GravelHill
PooleRoad
Dorset Way
AshleyRoad
LindsayRoad
WimborneRd
Longfleet Road
CommercialRd
FortescueRoad
BlandfordRoad
DolberyRoad N
HerbertAvenue
Pottery Junction Pottery
West QuayRoad ParkstoneR/about Monitoring Location
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 28 Borough of Poole
Figure 2.9 - Monitoring Trends Within AQMAs 2013-2017
One additional monitoring site, near to the Commercial Road AQMA, also measured an exceedence of the NO2 objective – Commercial Road Lampost 421 at 41.22µg/m3. At this location, ‘fall off with distance’ calculations have been used to estimate the NO2 concentrations from the measured data. The Bureau Veritas “NO2 Fall-Off with Distance Calculator” from DEFRA LAQM Support was used and the calculation indicates that the Annual Mean NO2 concentration at the receptor is predicted to be 38.9µg/m3. The full calculation is shown in Figure C.2 in Appendix C.
The receptor at this location is at first floor height, located over commercial/business premises operating at ground floor, therefore there is potentially a further reduction in the measured level of NO2 likely at the level of any residential receptor in this area. However, it should be noted that the proposed measures detailed in the Air Quality Action Plans include measures both within this specific area and throughout the A35 corridor that are predicted to beneficially impact on NO2 concentrations.
In 2016, there were five sites that showed a measured annual mean NO2 concentration of >35µg/m3 - Pottery Junction, Longfleet Road, Dorset Way, Lindsay Road and Parkstone Roundabout. This year, outside of the AQMAs, only the monitoring location at Pottery Junction is above this concentration. However, when these measurement is corrected for ‘fall off with distance’, the result is below 21µg/m3 The trend in running average mean concentration over the last 5 years at across all of these previously identified sites is downward at Longfleet Road, Lindsay Road and Parkstone Roundabout. However the trend over the last 5 years at Pottery Junction and Dorset Way is of a gradual increase (~1.0µg/m3 increase in running average mean concentration over the last 5 years). These sites will continue to be closely monitored for any further changes in concentration, traffic flow/volume and other changes that could impact on NO2 concentrations. The trend graphs for these locations are shown below. Note that these graphs depict measured concentrations in a 12-month running average format, with no correction for bias or ‘fall off with distance’.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 29 Borough of Poole
Pottery Junction: Running Average 2013 - 2017
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17
Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17
May-14 May-13 May-15 May-16 May-17 Date
Longfleet Road: Running Average 2013 - 2017
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17
Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17
May-14 May-13 May-15 May-16 May-17 Date
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 30 Borough of Poole
Dorset Way: Running Average 2013 - 2017
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17
Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17
May-14 May-13 May-15 May-16 May-17 Date
Lindsay Road: Running Average 2013 - 2017
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00 25.00 20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
0.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre)
Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17
Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17
May-14 May-13 May-15 May-16 May-17 Date
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 31 Borough of Poole
Parkstone Road Running Average: 2013 - 2017
45.00 40.00 35.00 30.00
25.00
20.00 Running Average 15.00 AQO 10.00 Linear (Running Average) 5.00
Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/cubicmetre) 0.00
Jan-13 Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17
Sep-13 Sep-14 Sep-15 Sep-16 Sep-17
May-13 May-14 May-15 May-16 May-17 Date
3 Figure 2.10 - Trend graphs where measured NO2 concentrations > 35µg/m
In 2017 there were no sites within the Borough of Poole where the NO2 annual mean concentration exceeded 60µg/m3. This is the level that indicates that there is a risk that the 1-hour objective may also be exceeded.
For diffusion tubes, the full 2017 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Table B.1 in Appendix B. Previous year results (2013 – 2017) are shown in Table A.2 in Appendix A. Bias adjustment factors used between 2013 and 2017 are detailed in Table C.1 in Appendix C. Exceedences of the air quality objective are highlighted in bold.
Diffusion tubes used in Poole are prepared and analysed by Gradko, using the 50% TEA in acetone method. The bias adjustment factor for Gradko 2017 is 0.97, based on an overall factor calculated from twenty-two studies, as provided in the Defra National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet version 03/18 (see Appendix C).
2.5.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)
Monitoring of Particulate Matter (PM10) is not carried out within the Borough of Poole.
2.5.3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Monitoring of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) is not carried out within the Borough of Poole. (But see also Section 2.3).
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 32 Borough of Poole
2.5.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Monitoring for Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) is no longer carried out within the Borough of Poole.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 33 Borough of Poole
Appendix A: Monitoring Results
Table A.1 - Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Distance to Distance to X OS Y OS Tube collocated Site Pollutants In Relevant kerb of Height Site Name Site Type Grid Grid with a Continuous ID Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) Ref Ref (1) (2) Analyser? (m) road (m)
9 Ashley Road Kerbside 404518 92122 NO2 NO 4.4 2.1 NO 2
10 Fortescue Road Urban Background 404894 92950 NO2 NO 5.5 1.8 NO 2
8 Commercial Rd Roadside 403484 91515 NO2 YES 0.0 3.8 NO 2
2 Herbert Avenue Kerbside 404552 93702 NO2 NO 13.3 0.5 NO 2
1 Gravel Hill Kerbside 401362 95003 NO2 NO 35.5 1.0 NO 2
4 Wimborne Rd Roadside 401727 91917 NO2 NO 7.1 4.3 NO 2
11 Pottery Junction Kerbside 405442 92034 NO2 NO 23.9 1.0 NO 2
7 Parkstone R/about Roadside 402046 91182 NO2 NO 37.0 5.8 NO 2
14 Dolbery Road North Kerbside 404675 94738 NO2 NO 12.1 0.5 NO 2
6 West Quay Road Kerbside 400662 90388 NO2 NO 17.5 1.0 NO 2
5 Longfleet Road Kerbside 401991 91417 NO2 NO 5.4 2.2 NO 2
3 Dorset Way Roadside 401810 93156 NO2 NO 18.4 2.8 NO 2
12 Poole Road Kerbside 406462 91672 NO2 NO 17.3 3.0 NO 2
13 Lindsay Road Kerbside 405600 91701 NO2 NO 30.8 2.7 NO 2
15 Blandford Road Kerbside 399026 91676 NO2 NO 9.7 0.5 NO 2
16 Twin Sails Kerbside 400167 90581 NO2 NO *46.7 1.7 NO 2
17 CR Lampost 416 Roadside 403339 91508 NO2 NO 14.7 2.0 NO 2
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 34 Borough of Poole
18 CR Lampost 421 Roadside 403494 91541 NO2 YES 1.0 2.7 NO 2
19 AR Lampost 35 Roadside 403955 92183 NO2 YES 3.7 3.8 NO 2
20 AR Lampost 28 Kerbside 404277 92153 NO2 YES 3.2 0.5 NO 2
Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 35 Borough of Poole
Table A.2 - Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results
Valid Data 3 (3) Valid Data NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Site Monitoring Capture for Site Type Capture ID Type Monitoring (2) (1) 2017 (%) Period (%) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
9 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 42.93 42.16 39.20 42.34 40.87 10 Urban Background Diffusion Tube 100 100 15.97 13.73 13.60 15.65 13.66 8 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 42.00 43.70 36.41 41.34 35.78 2 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 67 67 26.66 25.05 21.60 23.29 21.46 1 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 32.53 33.66 26.40 27.55 25.89 4 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 24.64 22.64 19.33 21.50 19.35 11 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 37.29 37.75 35.11 38.14 35.18 7 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 34.01 33.72 30.42 35.72 27.52 14 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 83 83 27.79 26.15 22.84 24.40 23.05 6 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 75 75 26.04 23.90 20.94 22.52 22.15 5 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 37.34 37.32 35.45 35.16 30.66 3 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 37.23 35.16 34.97 40.07 32.23 12 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 35.15 35.70 30.47 32.31 29.74 13 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38.94 37.15 35.01 35.79 30.84 15 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 23.85 23.59 19.56 22.69 20.42 16 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 83 83 21.39 18.98 15.61 18.65 22.12 17 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 48.34 42.12 37.82 38.91 36.11 18 Roadside Diffusion Tube 92 92 48.08 49.30 44.80 47.92 41.22 19 Roadside Diffusion Tube 100 100 38.40 39.56 31.93 35.70 31.62 20 Kerbside Diffusion Tube 100 100 42.93 42.16 39.20 42.52 33.61
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 36 Borough of Poole
☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75%
Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 37 Borough of Poole
Figure A.1 - Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations
Monitoring Trends 2013 - 2017 50.00 Ashley Road
45.00 Fortescue Road Commercial Rd Herbert Avenue 40.00
Gravel Hill Wimborne Rd 35.00 Pottery Junction Parkstone R/about 30.00 Dolbery Road N West Quay Road 25.00 Longfleet Road
Dorset Way Nitrogen Dioxide µg/cubicmetre 20.00 Poole Road Lindsay Road Blandford Road 15.00 Twin Sails Commercial Road 416 10.00
Commercial Road 421
2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 Ashley Road 35 Year
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 38 Borough of Poole
Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2017
Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2017
3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean Distance Bias Site ID Corrected Adjusted Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw to (0.97) and Data Nearest Annualised (1) Exposure 2 ( ) 9 55.03 43.86 44.86 39.18 46.33 44.19 35.14 36.91 35.57 39.21 44.66 40.70 42.14 40.87 33.3 10 25.69 13.98 16.28 11.58 11.68 10.42 8.87 10.45 14.22 2.90 23.06 19.87 14.08 13.66 13.3 8 47.40 38.03 39.99 30.32 36.48 37.00 30.80 32.80 32.78 39.53 42.26 35.22 36.88 35.78 35.8 2 34.74 21.57 23.38 22.12 20.30 15.83 18.40 25.72 22.76 21.46 16.0 1 46.40 25.60 25.84 24.05 27.25 26.51 17.96 20.77 27.05 25.39 30.35 23.06 26.69 25.89 14.9 4 33.24 21.50 20.88 15.99 16.55 16.58 12.21 13.66 16.61 20.62 27.60 23.93 19.95 19.35 18.0 11 49.53 35.71 39.83 36.37 31.69 32.53 27.72 29.88 35.01 35.94 43.05 38.00 36.27 35.18 20.7 7 38.62 28.52 27.07 25.44 25.06 26.87 21.70 27.51 23.78 30.34 34.52 30.98 28.37 27.52 18.9 14 36.64 25.15 26.49 23.02 17.54 17.82 20.44 21.87 25.39 23.30 23.77 23.05 18.2 6 33.05 26.23 39.12 24.03 15.19 15.96 17.30 17.53 17.12 22.84 22.15 17.1 5 38.64 32.26 35.20 27.81 26.49 27.06 29.14 30.95 30.76 34.66 38.03 28.25 31.60 30.66 25.9 3 43.88 32.00 30.56 30.60 24.52 25.53 28.12 32.10 35.27 45.36 37.55 33.23 32.23 25.4 12 41.02 31.18 30.03 28.37 35.12 28.71 24.74 26.00 28.10 29.39 35.38 29.89 30.66 29.74 21.2 13 27.99 34.71 37.09 35.06 29.99 18.75 26.96 27.48 30.01 34.09 41.96 37.43 31.79 30.84 18.7 15 37.21 20.03 21.78 18.77 19.55 19.28 16.49 16.45 18.82 20.12 23.98 20.18 21.06 20.42 14.6 16 34.29 23.19 22.23 19.50 16.73 17.66 20.51 25.03 27.86 21.05 22.81 22.12 15.7
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 39 Borough of Poole
17 44.07 40.27 37.41 34.92 30.15 32.87 28.60 41.35 34.62 39.72 42.50 40.19 37.2 36.1 24.4 18 47.56 43.28 45.78 35.78 40.38 24.89 44.45 27.60 44.80 64.27 48.60 42.5 41.2 38.9 19 46.49 37.94 36.63 28.67 32.31 30.33 23.65 31.70 32.79 27.38 33.88 29.44 32.6 31.6 28.1 20 45.26 34.09 36.55 32.64 31.74 28.33 26.65 23.26 43.70 32.43 42.39 38.81 34.7 33.6 26.2 ☐ Local bias adjustment factor used ☒ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure
Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 40 Borough of Poole
Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
Bureau Veritas (Gradko) 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes have been employed across the Borough. The factor for 2017 available from the bias adjustment factor spreadsheet is 0.97 (version 03/18).
Table C.1 - NO2 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors
Year NO2 Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor
2013 Gradko 50%1.00 TEA in Acetone 2014 0.98 2015 0.96 2016 1.03 2017 0.97
Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment
Data at one monitoring location (Herbert Avenue) fell below the required 85% monitoring rate and therefore required annualisation in accordance with the guidance provided in Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 of LAQM.TG16. Three nearby, long-term, continuous monitoring background sites within the AURN and with data capture of at least 85% were identified.
The calculation is summarised in Table C.2 below and indicated that the measured 3 annual mean NO2 of 22.76 µg/m at Herbert Avenue should be annualised to 22.12 µg/m3 and 21.46 µg/m3 after bias adjustment.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 41 Borough of Poole
Table C.2 - Short-term to Long-term Data Adjustment
Background data Month Herbert Ave Bournemouth Southampton Portsmouth
Jan 34.74 27.61 33.28 39.50
Feb 21.57 15.68 21.86 34.61
Mar 23.38 12.63 19.06 33.10
Apr 22.12 10.83 19.27 27.23
May 20.30 9.20 16.31 26.42
Jun - 8.25 13.40 24.60
Jul 15.83 5.50 10.90 20.71
Aug 18.40 7.43 13.13 23.33
Sep - 8.57 14.73 26.07
Oct - 11.35 18.39 31.32
Nov - 16.47 25.37 37.63
Dec 25.72 16.45 22.94 38.35
22.76 Measured Mean M 12.50 19.05 30.24 Annual Mean Am 13.17 19.59 30.41 Period Mean Pm 0.95 0.97 0.99 Ratio R (Am/Pm) 0.97 Average Ratio Ra 22.12 Annualised Mean Ma 21.46 Bias Adjusted
LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 42 Borough of Poole
QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring
Precision Results for Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Collocation Studies Gradko 50% For the purposes of Local Air Quality Management, tube precision is TEA in Acetone separated into two categories, "Good" or "Poor", as follows: tubes are 2017 G considered to have "good" precision where the coefficient of variation of 2017 G 2017 G duplicate or triplicate diffusion tubes for eight or more periods during the 2017 G 2017 G year is less than 20%, and the average CV of all monitoring periods is 2017 G 2017 G less than 10%. Tubes are considered to have "poor" precision where the 2017 G 2017 G CV of four or more periods is greater than 20% and/or the average CV is 2017 G 2017 G greater than 10%. 2017 G 2017 G 2017 G Results from the DEFRA Summary of Diffusion Tube Precision 2015 – 2017 G 2017 G 2017 (Version March 2017) show that Gradko 50% TEA in Acetone 2017 G 2017 G demonstrated a total of 2 Poor precision co-location results out of a total 2017 G 2017 G of 22 results in 2017. 2017 P 2017 P
Summary of Laboratory Performance in WASP NO2 Proficiency Testing Scheme AIR is an independent analytical proficiency-testing (PT) scheme, operated by LGC Standards and supported by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). AIR PT is a new scheme, started in April 2014, which combines two long running PT schemes: LGC Standards STACKS PT scheme and HSL WASP PT scheme.
AIR NO2 PT forms an integral part of the UK NO2 Network’s QA/QC, and is a useful tool in assessing the analytical performance of laboratories supplying diffusion tubes to Local Authorities for use in the context of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM). Defra and the Devolved Administrations advise that diffusion tubes used for Local Air Quality Management should be obtained from laboratories that have demonstrated satisfactory performance in the AIR PT scheme.
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Z-Score performance Performance scores are currently based upon the z-score statistic, a widely used scoring system employed in chemical proficiency testing.
The z-score, zscore, may be defined as:
(푥 푙푎푏− ̅푥 푟푒푓) zscore = 휎 푟푒푓
where;
푥 푙푎푏 participant result from a laboratory
푥̅ 푟푒푓 reference result (here it is the calculated nitrite spike value)
휎 푟푒푓 reference standard deviation (currently set at 7.5 % of mean)
Performance score interpretation
A zscore may be interpreted as: zscore ≤ ± 2 satisfactory laboratory result zscore > ± 2 and ≤ ± 3 questionable (warning) laboratory result zscore > ± 3 unsatisfactory laboratory result
For Gradko International Limited using 50% TEA v/v in Acetone, the 2016 AIR PT results were as follows: Table C.3 - 2016 AIR PT Results
AIR PT Round Result
AIR PT AR018 Jan – Feb 2017 Gradko 50%100% TEA in Acetone AIR PT AR019 Apr – May 2017 100% AIR PT AR021 Jul – Aug 2017 100% AIR PT AR022 Sep – Oct 2017 100%
LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 44 Borough of Poole
Figure C.1 - Laboratory summary performance for AIR NO2 PT
Estimate of NO2 Concentration due to Fall Off with Distance Fall off with distance calculations are required where the actual monitoring location is not representative of actual exposure. This arises where there is not a suitable location at the residential façade from which to install a diffusion tube. In these situations the following method is used to estimate the NO2 concentration at the nearest location for relevant exposure.
Fall off with distance calculations have been undertaken for all sites and are reported in Table B.1 in Appendix B and in detail in Figure C.2 below for monitoring locations within the AQMAs.
This method allows measurements made at one distance from a road to be used to predict concentrations at a different distance from the same road. It is appropriate for distances between 0.1m and 140m of the kerb.
Step 1: Identify the local background concentration in μg/m3 (either from local monitoring or from the national maps published at www.airquality.co.uk). Note that the background concentration must be less than the measured concentration.
LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 45 Borough of Poole
Step 2: apply the following calculation
Cz = ((Cy-Cb) / (-0.5476 x Ln(Dy) + 2.7171)) x (-0.5476*Ln(Dz)+2.7171) + Cb
Where: 3 Cz is the total predicted concentration (μg/m ) at distance Dz; 3 Cy is the total measured concentration (μg/m ) at distance Dy; 3 Cb is the background concentration (μg/m ); Dy is the distance from the kerb at which concentrations were measured; Dz is the distance from the kerb (m) at which concentrations are to be predicted; Ln(D) is the natural log of the number D
LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 46 Borough of Poole
Figure C.2 - Estimate of NO2 Concentration due to Fall Off with Distance
LAQM Annual Status Report 2017 47 Borough of Poole
Factors affecting diffusion tube readings
Diffusion tube monitoring provides an indication of measured NO2 concentrations but can be affected by a number of factors, both individually or in combination, that can cause both positive bias (over-reading) and negative bias (under-reading) when compared to a reference monitoring method. THE AEA Report, Diffusion Tubes for
Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users lists the following factors as sources of bias in diffusion tube results.
Positive bias is reported to be caused by: Turbulence at the open tube end in windy conditions can shorten the diffusion pathway, affecting the equilibrium with the diffusion tube
The diffusion tube material can block uv light and cause NO2 photolysis within
the tube, affecting the NO2 concentration Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) associated with vehicle emissions can react with
other pollutants in the atmosphere and increase the NO2 concentration Negative bias is reported to be caused by: Increased exposure period where the absorbed nitrite degrades with time Insufficient extraction of the nitrites from the diffusion tube grid (lab effect) Photochemical degradation of the triethanolamine-nitrite complex (minimised with uv opaque end caps) Diffusion tubes prepared in 50%v/v TEA in water reported to result in reduced
NO2 uptake (BoP use tubes prepared using 50% v/v TEA in acetone)
It is likely that a combination of factors influence the variability of the measured NO2 concentrations by the diffusion tube method within the Borough of Poole. Trends will continues to be monitored in order to assess where any more detailed analysis of the situation becomes necessary.
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Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs
Figure D.1 - Monitoring Locations within Borough of Poole Boundary
Figure D.2 on the following page indicates the locations of the permanent diffusion tube monitoring locations and the two AQMAs (labelled shaded polygons).
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Figure D.2 - Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations in Poole
Figures D.3 and D.4 on the following page indicate the extent of the AQMAs (shaded polygons) in Commercial Road and Ashley Road. Monitoring locations in the vicinity of the AQMAs are shown by the labelled green points.
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Figure D.3 - Monitoring Locations in Commercial Road AQMA vicinity
Figure D.4 - Monitoring Locations in Ashley Road AQMA vicinity
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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England
Table E.1 - Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective6 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO ) 2 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM ) 10 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year
6 3 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m ).
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Glossary of Terms
Abbreviation Description
AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’
AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives
ASR Air quality Annual Status Report
AURN Automatic Urban and Rural Network
Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England
EU European Union
FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System
LAQM Local Air Quality Management
LSTF Local Sustainable Transport Fund
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less
PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less
QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
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References
AEA Energy & Environment. Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users, 2008. Available from: http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/0802141004_NO2_WG_PracticalGuidance_I ssue1a.pdf
Background mapping data for Local Authorities. Available from: https://uk- air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background-home
Borough of Poole Local Air Quality Management, Air Quality Action Plan A35 Commercial Road, 2013. Available from: http://archive.poole.gov.uk/environment/pollution/air-quality-reports/
Borough of Poole Local Air Quality Management, Air Quality Action Plan (Ashley Road), 2014. Available from: http://archive.poole.gov.uk/environment/pollution/air- quality-reports/
Borough of Poole Updating & Screening Assessment, 2015. Available from: http://archive.poole.gov.uk/environment/pollution/air-quality-reports/
Bournemouth, Poole, Dorset Local Transport Plan 3 - LTP3 Implementation Plan Three 2017 to 2020 (May 2017). Available from: https://www.dorsetforyou.gov.uk/media/222595/IP3-2017-2020-_Issued-Final- 160517_May/pdf/IP3_2017-2020__Issued_Final_160517_May.pdf
DEFRA Diffusion Tube QA/QC Framework AIR-PT Scheme. Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/AIR-PT-Rounds-13-to-24-Apr-2016-Feb-2018.pdf
DEFRA National Bias Adjustment Factors. Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/Database_Diffusion_Tube_Bias_Factors_v03_18 %20FINAL.xls
DEFRA Precision Results for Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Collocation Studies. Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/Tube_Precision_2018_version_03_18%20Final %20FULL.pdf
LAQM Annual Status Report 2018 54 Borough of Poole
Highways Agency Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Screening Method (Version 1.03c). Available from: http://www.standardsforhighways.co.uk/ha/standards/guidance/air-quality.htm
Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(16). Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG16-February-18-v1.pdf
Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(16). Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-PG16-April-16-v1.pdf
Local Transport Plan (LTP) 2011 - 2026. Available from: https://www.dorsetforyou.com/article/417819/View-the-Local-Transport-Plan
Nitrogen Dioxide Fall-Off with Distance Calculator (Issue 4.2). Available from: https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/NO2-Fall-Off-With-Distance-from-Roads- Calculator-v4.2.xls
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