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St. Catherine of Siena 1347 - 1380 St St. Catherine of Siena 1347 - 1380 St. Catherine of Siena OUTLINE 1. Life 2. Teaching 3. For our time? 4. Discussion St. Catherine of Siena Life – Early Biographies • Raymond of Capua OP • Spiritual director/friend from 1374 • Legenda Major written 1384 – 1395 • Tommaso Caffarini OP • Libellus de supplemento - uses Tommaso della Fonte (1st confessor and brother of her brother-in-law) • Legenda Minor • Processus of Venice (1411-1414): disciples’ testimony • Miracoli (by anonymous Florentine) • Letters/poems of disciples • Cristofano di Gano Memoirs • William of Flete (teacher and disciple) Early writings coloured by times but add to Catherine’s own works, prayers and 400 letters St. Catherine of Siena Life - Family • Caterina di Giacomo di Benincasa • Born March 25, 1347 • 23 rd / 24 th child (of 25) (twin) • Parents Giacomo (Jacopo) and Lapa di Puccio Piagenti • Family of cloth–dyers • Implications of family life St. Catherine of Siena Life - Church St. Catherine of Siena Life - Church In the shadow of San Domenico… St. Catherine of Siena Life - Church • San Domenico Church and cloister – a center of learning and preaching St. Catherine of Siena Life - Church • San Domenico Church and cloister – a center of learning and preaching • Tommaso della Fonte, her first confessor/director, lived with her family (from 1349) and joined the Order when she was about 9y old. • Mantellate in Siena (Dominican laywomen - widows) St. Catherine of Siena Life – St. Dominic •St. Dominic • An apostle in the world • Sower of God’s Word • Dispelling darkness and giving light • (quote from Dialogue) St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – ages 6-9 St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 6 Vision: Jesus the King enthroned in the company of Sts Peter, Paul, and John the Evangelist blesses her. “Oh, if you but saw what I am looking at, you would never try to take me away from a sight so delightful” From that moment onwards the little one began to grow up spiritually in a remarkable way: in virtue, in conduct and in sound sense. (like one much older) The flame of love had been enkindled in her heart. St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 6 Effects of the vision: • Influenced by Egyptian Fathers and saints • Self-flagellation, eating less, seeking hidden places • Taught her friends to pray and follow her example. • Loss of desire for things of the world • A “holy and all-absorbing love” for Jesus and his Blessed Mother • “taught by none other than the Holy Spirit, she came to understand that she should serve her Creator with an unblemished purity, holy in both body and soul. With all her heart she longed to make virginal purity her possession. St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 6-7 Experience in the cave: • Levitation for several hours • Our Lord spoke to her for the first time • His plan did not include penances at that time • It was not the way he wished her to leave her father’s house St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 7 Vow of virginity Prayer to Mary to ask her Son’s guidance on • what would be most pleasing to him and • what would be most fruitful for salvation of souls “Give me as my Spouse the One I long for from my inmost heart, your own all-holy and only Son, our Lord Jesus Christ; and I promise him and promise you that to no other spouse will I ever give myself, but in my own humble measure I too will keep my virginity for ever spotless for him.” St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 7-12 • Growth in holiness • Ongoing interest in saints • Great respect for Dominicans and desire to join the Dominican Order • St. Euphrosyne of Alexandria St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 12-15 Cutting her hair Alessandro Franchi 1893-6 St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 12-15 • Age 12 – Home to prepare for marriage • influence of her sister Buonaventura (died 1362) (the “sin”) • Deeper devotion to Our Lord, prayer, mortification, speaking of her vow • Help from a Dominican friar • Age 15 – cut her hair • Consequences St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 15 The interior cell [She] “made for herself a secret cell within her own heart, and made up her mind never to go forth from it no matter what the business on which she was engaged. The result was that she who formerly had been sometimes inside and sometimes outside the walls of that material cell which she then possessed, now remained uninterruptedly within the walls of that inner cell of the heart which no one could take from her.” St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 15 The interior cell - teaching 1) The cell made with the help of Jesus “in the voluntary exercise of removing every occupation of the mind which is far from the thought of God.” 2) A spiritual dwelling place, to be carried constantly within oneself – “the cell of true self-knowledge of the goodness of God in you.” Two cells in one St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 16-20 Catherine receiving the habit / Giovanni di Paolo 1460-61 St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 16-20 • Age 16 – St. Dominic’s promise • Her father supports vow not to marry • Catherine requests a tiny room • Lapa and the sulfur baths • Receives the Mantellate habit at San Domenico • Vision of the fruit tree and the thorns • Retires to her cell St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 16-20 In the cell • Denial of food, drink, rest, sleep • Self-flagellation for her sins, for sins of the living and the dead • Divine visitation for spiritual guidance Riquadra con Santa Caterina de Siena Lorenzo di Petro • Out only for daily Mass and confession detto il Vecchietta • (1445) Occasional visits from friars (Tommaso della Fonte, Dominici) • Basis for her teaching developed at this time. St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 16-20 Spiritual Crisis • Temptations to • Stop penances • Take a spouse and have children • Resume a normal life • Demons flee • Appearance of Christ on the cross St. Catherine of Siena • besieged by demons (anon) Increased visitation and intimacy (lesser Poland ca 1500) “my daughter” St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 16-20 Teaching • Importance of knowing oneself and knowing God: “You are she who is not and I AM HE WHO IS” • Think of God and God will instantly think of you • True and false visions • Love God first, love others in God • Root out self-love and have holy self-hatred of one’s lower nature • Love of God is shown by accepting suffering with joy and perseverance • God is always present, hidden in the heart, guarding from enemies St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 20/21 Mystic marriage Shrove Tuesday 1367 Giovanni di Paolo (1460-61) Bartolimmeo (1511) “I will espouse you to me in faith” “That faith will be ever kept untarnished until the day when you will celebrate with me the everlasting wedding-feast in heaven.” “So now, daughter, do manfully. From now on you must never falter about accepting any task my providence might lay upon your shoulders. Remember, you have been confirmed in faith, and will prevail over all your enemies.” • Ring of 4 pearls: purity of mind, heart, word and works • Kiss of Christ – the 3 rd stair of the bridge. • Spouse of Christ – to bear children in the Spirit / virtues • NOTE: in Miracoli she is espoused to the infant Christ in the cave. St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 21-23 Coming out of the cell • First to family • Difficult – Obedience to the Lord • Charitable works for the poor • Nursing the sick Saint Catherine of Siena • Francesco Vanni (1563-1610) Virtues: charity, humility, patience, faith, hope • The gift to see the beauty/ugliness of souls • Devotion to the Eucharist, ecstasies St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 21-23 In Siena • Andrea – a test • Test of care – flesh against spirit • Accusation of unchastity • The crown of thorns • Fighting pride/disgust – attitude to Christ • Drinking at Christ’s opened side: complete communion of friendship and affection • Transformation: a living flame of love • sweetness, love, clarity, knowledge • Other mystical events • Grace and boldness for action and way of life Caterina beve al Costato di Cristo Sano di Pietro (1405-1481) St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 21-23 In Siena • Alive, friendly, joyful, affable, comforting • Miracles: • A Mantellata who fell through roof • Raymond and Dominici (plague) • Girl exorcized of evil spirits • Gift of prophecy • Excellent theological knowledge – countered critics • “Eating” souls • Exchange of hearts with Christ (1370) Saint Catherine of Siena exchanging her heart with Christ Giovanni di Paolo (1460) Echange des coeurs Ventura Salimbeni (1568-1613) St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 23 Stigmatization of St. Catherine Domenico di Pace Beccafumi (1486-1551) • Ongoing Eucharistic ecstasy • Aug 1370 - Received one wound as pledge of salvation of souls including Raymond of Capua St. Catherine of Siena Life – Jesus Milestones – age 23 • Catherine’s Sins: very sensitive • to any untruth • to any distraction in a vision • to any distress about others’ love Catherine receiving the stigmata Giovanni di Paolo (1460-61) • Catherine’s followers • Men/women/young/old/priests/lay • Mantellate (mainly nobility) St. Catherine of Siena Life - Jesus Milestones – age 23-28 • Mystical Death (late summer) • Union with Christ’s suffering • 4 hour separation of body and soul • Vision of afterlife: glory of saints and punishment of sinners Purpose: to fuel her thirst for souls and do God’s work: • leaving her home • Promise of the Spirit for wisdom • Mission to Rulers of Church and nations The mission began 5 years later St.
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