provide creationists with a complete thereon, and he transcribed it and ARCHAEOLOGY AND reconstruction of archaeology. sinned owing to it; for it contained CHRONOLOGY the teaching of the Watchers in John Kaplan, accordance with which they used Dear Editor, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, to observe the omens of the sun and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. moon and stars in all the signs of The articles in CEN Tech. J., 11(1) heaven. And he wrote it down and by John Osgood and Ralph Pacini said nothing regarding it; for he concerning the history of ancient Egypt was afraid to speak to about as it relates to the prompt me to it lest he should be angry with him recommend reading the book on account of it' (the Watchers Centuries of Darkness, which though CAINAN OF :36 being the sons of God in Genesis not a Christian publication is fair.1 6:12). As background to what I wish to Dear Editor, Extra-Scriptural legends such as say, Immanuel Velikovsky must be first those in Jubilees and other apocryphal mentioned. His 1950 Worlds in In The Genesis Flood (Appendix books are at least dubious. This Collision earned the wrath of scientists II)1 eight reasons are given for not particular one about Kainam was through his proposal that Venus began accepting the chronology of Genesis incorporated in the Genesis as a comet expelled from Jupiter in 11, seven of which are irrelevant. The account by inserting him in the historical times, causing geological and one which looks as if it may contain Messianic line between environmental disasters as it some substance is (2), regarding and as Cainan, from where, approached the Earth. His Cainan of Luke 3:36. The authors presumably, Luke recorded him in astronomical scenario fouled academic concede that it is only their conclusion Christ's ancestry. opinion against what he subsequently that Whitcomb and Morris are to be proposed in Earth in Upheaval 'the Septuagint does give us the full commended in urging moderation (catastrophic geology) and in Ages in list of names as they appeared in when extending the past by inserting Chaos (a reconstruction of ancient the original Hebrew text: but since unspecified numbers of phantom Egyptian and Palestinian history which the years for these as patriarchs into the Genesis gene­ agreed with the Biblical account rather given in the Septuagint are alogies. However, this red herring of than the generally accepted saga). obviously false, we have no way Cainan's absence from Genesis, which There seems always to have been of determining how old Cainan they seem to have originated, has ever a cynical attitude among the public was at the birth of his first son. since been regurgitated by one author towards psychiatrists, and Velikovsky's Thus, this one omission, even if after another. having been such was played upon by there are no others, makes it It seems incredible that qualified his critics. This attitude he related to impossible to date the Flood.' scientists who accept the Scriptural II Peter 3:4-7 in his final book, (p. 475) revelation of the creation of the Mankind in Amnesia, published after The footnote gives an impressive universe in six days can stumble over his death in 1979. Ironically, the list of the ancient versions of Genesis the straightforward chronology in following year Alvarez' ideas about which omit Cainan at the appropriate Genesis 11 (Hebrew text). dinosaur extinction opened the place, virtually demolishing the floodgates to the respectability of authenticity of their argument! One REFERENCE cosmic catastrophes, doubtless source cited in favour of including because the dinosaur extinction Cainan between Arpachshad and 1. Whitcomb, J. C. and Morris, H. M, 1961. supposedly happened millions of years 2 Shelah is the apocryphal book of The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record before the time of man. Jubilees.2 and Its Scientific Implications, The In 1982 British astronomers Victor In the Apocrypha and Pseudi- Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Clube and Bill Napier in The Cosmic Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 3 pigrapha translated by R. H. Charles 2. The books of Jubilees and are from Serpent connected the mass (1913), Jubilees 8:1-5 mentions the same religious tradition. Jude 14, 15 extinctions scattered throughout the Kainam as the son of Arpachshad by appear to be a quote from Enoch 1:9; the fossil record to such events as comets Raseuja, daughter of Susan, daughter traditional orthodox explanation is that Jude or meteors striking the Earth.4 The was not quoting this book but both refer to a of Elam. Arpachshad taught Kainam common tradition. This may be the case for book also touched upon ancient history, the art of writing; at some stage the Kainam of Jubilees and Luke's Cainan. especially of Egypt, and here the case Kainam was taken up by Centuries of found a writing which former Derel Briarley, Darkness. generations had carved on the Newcastle upon Tyne, rock, and he read what was ENGLAND. 328 CEN Tech. J., vol. 11, no. 3, 1997 Egypt associated with the Hebrew conquest improbability of continuous father-son In 1836 John Herschel deduced the by Centuries in Darkness. It is noted succession over 21 generations in the great pyramid to have been built in that Greek pedigrees and suspected the 2160 BC, as the north-facing downward 'the traditional fifteenth century ancient historians of compiling them passage is aligned precisely with where BC dates for the exodus and from king-lists. He guessed the Trojan the pole star would have been at that conquest have recently been War took place around 900 BC, rather date (on uniformitarian assumptions!). experiencing a revival'. than 1250 BC (Herodotus) or 1184 BC Reckoning from Herschel's estimate The boasts of pagan chroniclers are (Eratosthenes). and supplementary data from the contrasted to the Biblical writers Greenland snows (see later) Clube and 'recording the failure of their Dating Trouble in this Period Napier revised the Sothic cycle, kings, harping on their military Various techniques of dating deducing all years in the standard defeats rather than on their archaeological specimens are Egyptian chronology before 512 to be successes'. described in detail in the relevant 468 years too early; the 30th year of Archaeology, using the con- literature. Minoan ash from the Rameses II, popularly held to be the ventional chronology, shows volcanic eruption in the Agean has pharaoh of Exodus, to be 834 BC, not Solomon's time to be bleak. The lean been dated at 1390 BC and this date 1272 BC. years of the Early Iron age would fit confirmed from traces left by volcanic Centuries of Darkness reminds us the divided kingdom, while Late gases in the snows of Greenland. that Newton wrote far more about Bronze age remains elsewhere point to Radiocarbon dating of remains from ancient history and chronology than he Israel's heyday. Hymns of this time this time give ages 200-400 years at did about physics or astronomy, from Egypt and Ugarit are similar in variance with that date. observing that the Egyptians style to 's psalms, while Centuries of Darkness (p. 324) 'out of vanity made (their) Phoenician and Cypriot artifacts, the illustrates graphically how items from monarchy some thousands of years authors suggest, point to the time of the period 800-400 BC all give older than the world'. Hiram. radiocarbon dates between 600 and Subsequent scholars tended to 500 BC — 'the radiocarbon disaster accept Manetho as 'gospel', but The Trojan War area'. classical scholar Cecil Torr overlapped Cross-dating of Mycenian and many of Manetho's dynasties and noted New Kingdom Egyptian pottery Derel Briarley, that Manetho's dates would introduce indicates contemporaniety. Homer Newcastle upon Tyne, a 'dark age' into the recently referred to the Phrygians helping ENGLAND. discovered Hattian or 'Hittite' defend Troy against the Greeks, and the chronology.5 earliest Phrygian remains date from the Inscriptions found at Byblos would eight century BC. Classical histories bring Shoshenq (popularly identified dated the founding of Cadiz by with the Biblical Shishak) forward to reference to the Trojan War, but there around 80 BC. The authors identify is no archaeological evidence of a Shishak as Rameses III. They cast Phoenician presence in Spain before doubt on the authority of the Sothic 800 BC. Evidently their chronology cycle in determining Egyptian also contained 200-300 ghost years. chronology altogether. Cecil Torr, mentioned previously in connection with Egypt, held Mycenian Palestine culture to have merged into classical The destruction of the Middle Greek. Bronze age cities in Palestine is Isaac Newton noted the

CEN Tech. J., vol. 11, no. 3, 1997 329