- LINEA/01c. CPUs CRYSTALS INTERFACES ;CS 74333 1,20741_5379 1.33 4532 0.50 107531 1200 44.1710 0.48 709110 900 eTri-ose - 72052016150 4.00 3279 0H.0 1.03 10561) 20170 7433 71493 1.10 741_5331 410 4534 193 4.000,338 1193 141711 LW 105210 320 74393 1_20 68003111 36-03 2101 400 CO 4.11,4 270 407531 1500 7401 010 7415393 0130 1536 253 411791000 35.03 LAD% 09)104220 3.50 8335 71.233 1.4074LS393 393 2102 2..50 1 8032 MHz 225 400203 1193 7432 0.33 1.00 4%3 0.75 414103 2.03 1072E04 3.00 1C4943 1.75 /CCM 610 21_7 MHz 74152954 21072 500 235 A 73035.510 0.30 Mt 5 SER45 150 45% 0.75 471 520 1.00 1.41733 0.90 10410)0 235 8339 420 24120 1.017 151 4115152$213_50 7414 7415399 1.40 4541 473-1350 01741 450 21114.35 420 36 0.90 350 022104162 8033 710 250 200 ew-LR3_50 749 0300 70,500 014 7415145 1% 4543 0.70 4718010 450 10747 0.70 11741024 1.10 741531 024741565 9380A 4 20 I1473 4904. 2.5 7011-12 200 1.11054.531 1.20 7436 040 110 1.03 4731910 490 11476 0.33 10411705103 ECEEA 3.130 1.1,44 477 120 741312 024765467 193 325 411615 200 2502 7.0114250 7407 0.40 1553 2404739512 503 1111011 410 7042702 800854 7.50 4116% 150 3_12 4704 1.75 /1179100C 25.03 woe '1.503 024741556 1.170 4555 CA37194 110 1.741014 1.90 0.33 0.36 150 1042033 8136 %CO 41255-20 1.50 7302 6_00 7403 511 024 7415541 4556 CA91151 1.10 1/81931 750 3 276 MHz 031 1.00 0_53 103 71342C01 2.40 1791 4161.15 1111 3.03 3.5795 MN, 1.00 ACX1C91.0 7410 '1_5% 0.24 4597 CA3346 0.70 17.1193 030 7415608 7.00 240 250 11342036 323 8741 15_03 4164 15 200 4 CO 41142 1.40 28. 7431 0.247415610 1900 4350 CAX63 1.111971 0.33 1.40 320 100 T042020 320 8713 15.00 416020 4.794 14111: V6131 69003 7412 024 1111872 2.20 1.50 030 7415612 19.00 £5% 1.40cososs 3.50 3.00 7042033 250 77151E01 1200 4416-15 4.73 41141 1.00 5E374 3_50 7413 -1_510 0.24 4393 350 050 7415E24 350 2.40 CAXEOE 0.70 1141136 6 00 1043310 750 171.%333 14.50 4_603 4119 53%1 7414 _511 024 4532 29 250 2.50 I% 070 1115626 2% 4SEEI 1.70 CA3386 0.60 1/418139 4.50 TOAX00 153 70599E61200 481647-3 2.00 4 9152 MR: 203 5E830 1.40 7416 0_36 .512 0.24 7415623 2-25 4572 0.45 CA33,355 2- 1.517917 3 CO 18.41002 7.00 79) 2.53 4_513 034 4582 5101'5;01 4.60 5 003 MED 150 58331 1% 7417 0.40 7415679 125 090CAX6040 17505 1.413332 0.90 71061CP 0.40 %10.4 2_90 MEM 1.50 7420 74L.514 0507415640 614 5111403 5 058 1.75 0 30 200 ea* 0.48 CA31335 090 1143970 0.00 710% 0.60 2375 5.50 5516 5.00 5941143 1.40 0553:3 2% 0 60 741515 0247415601 3 00 4S9S 0.60 CA31337 190 11.e909 1 OD 71.064 0.90 741523 0.45 230-1 75061165.3 3506.14/ LIN, 1.40 59206 150 7427 0 36 0 247415541 1.53 4724 150 easur.,e, 140311 193 1107) 0.40 70336 7 03 7 00 Mitz "...re 2% 7423 741521 0247435612 14111 CA31407 1.00 330 61161.5-3 4.00 150 0-36 2.50 750 1.143914 11072 010 !C1105 -M, 53615-15 5007.163 Mitt175 C146 060 7475 040 741.5% 024 741e647-1 1.00 14112 753 043146 2.25 LA03915 3_40 71.074 1.10 741524 0 50 1 8 03 MR.7 150 1.1014.53 0-53 7425 0.40 7415663 293 14416 103CA310£ 150 LA13916 3.40 11.031 035 8 167 MHz 7.1.3446 257 7427 741526 02474156431 11419 7335193 1.97 1.75 012 100 260 0431615 2.00 1.7413203 150 71.013 0 10 0) 41Hr 1.75 14034% 457 7423 70527 024 7415644 14630 745201 150 0.43 350 410 CA3I&M 690 4e15131. 2.33 71.0 0.558275 745239 10.50 PAHr250 C3.1, 4.% 7430 030 741529 0_24 7415645 144% C831156 41515151_ 71.034 1.03 335 210 453 2.70 450 93415 6.03 10 70 71144 150 7.70360 8.51 7432 021 741.530 0.24 741.56451 14333 C.A3247E 150 M93712 T1094 2 CO UPPORT DEVICES 4.03 6_93 200 931422 750 11C3156 2 7433 0_30 741933 024 7415668 14%9 MC1310 110)10 3.9 090 203 CA.32i0G 103 153 71170 0_50 53125 6.00 12 0711144 1.50 /1%457 225 767 0.3) 741533 0.247419339 0.90 3_50 07002 6-00 0.1C1453 075 11.430C 120 291 1203 741.537 0.24 14_00 MO 1.75 4106324 550 0.40 7415870 1.70 91VICO01 7.1)3 DAC14058 300 4101491 0.45 U4411703-9 9.35 14C644 7439 741538 024 942 141181.3Hz 1.60 5.8.7 0.40 741SeM 3503102 7.03 DACOECO 3.10 MCI 'EEL 3.03 1347% 320 945 490ROMS PRO..IS 14.759.214: hICT4411 7440 0.24 200 900 am 741546 7415654 3.60 40314 048 DAME% 300 MC1436 0.70 04.2240 130 4.11./4412 7441 74150 050 1500 MHz 200 7.50 090 741567 350 too 0G3386 303 MC3340 200 U44170 1.70 5_2227.4 35003 0 M 74424 741547 0.93 26.22 400 16 OD 1474.1 2170 19.11X03 0-717 74C922 6.00 040%63)97 0% H4135 1 93 141-M431 070 11C7419714 400 550 24510 250 17_734 141/4 150 75107 0.90 74434 1.00 741543 0.97740973 650Axes 0.40 1CL7106 675003633 01E6 1212470034 0.75 13503) 7444 731551 - 024 539 490 2.00 780) 51344 1.70 75103 099 1.10 7442325 650 solos 110 IC1.7611 095 MEIDCN 4.10 1.11142.1044 0.75 6 03 75109 746 741554 0.24 7.345943 9514 185.4030 200 19432 MHz 150 110 74%26 650 10101 1% IC17650 4.00 910 111112049 290 EMI 1_50 74552871% 19 963 71714 1.50 75110 0_93 7446A 1.00 741555 024 40102 iC17660 11X53393 150 250 1191 111142332 1.90 9521 250 71 225 %CO) 4171, 1 75 75112 1_60 74474 1.00 7415714 030 40103 203 1C11/333 4.03 1.1520 500 U1117933 193 7452% 7406 741.5744 1250 1.80 24_00) MHz 1.50 75113 1.29 110 03 40104 120 IC7472163 2230 I41%2 4.03 111191300 190 175745387 225 60) 74114175 75114 1.43 7453 1135 741575 0.6 40106 150 IC117217 720 UPC575 2.75 1461%2314 3.03 9340 6.170 E95239519 150 ITS 7.1142 250 75115 1.40 7451 O.% 7415761 0.36 4031 0 24 401% 0.48 IC1.67555 093 711531 120 UPC5211 203 741.578 0.42 1.60 1 50 7901031 120) 75121 1.40 74% 0.38 4002 025 4)16107 1C116 1.40 13 022 uPC1156113E0 2_50 75122 7454 741.5204 0.70 999 9519 1 n 1.6 093 4036 073 08 1C7)20300 76566 0.63 UPC11904 5E0 6652 250 M1535 7460 741.546 0.75 DISC 110 055 4007 0_25 40109 1_20320 LC7137 103ems) 490 5R2/0 4.00 664 6.50 EE PROM 75155 7470 050 7419% 0.35 4008 060 10110 225 LC7431 350 115565 133 XR22C6 4.00 CONTROLLERS lz 7472 741593 0.43 66954 03 2816-3) 75159 2.20 046 4609 045 40114 225 LC7137 3_50 stems 7.50 932277 3.75 ffiM 5.00 75160 5.03 7473 015 741591 0.90 4010 0.93 13147 293 17341 1.20 7195.67 1.75 552211 525 2X.8 33 CO 556 8 OD 7474 743.592 8151 550 75161 3_50 050 014 4011 0.24 40163 1.170 Last 0.10 049713 4 CO 092216 575 5155 905 39 11,1 5272 1100 75162 7475 0.54 3_80 I16., 15 4 03 F01771 403 010 141593 41312 0.25 123 '5353 090N971 3_00 xruzs 1.91 8155 3E0 29.03 75172 303 7476 74155513 4313117473 413)791 20.03 0_45 075 1013 0 36 1.9 1.73% 0.9374350 0390 vied 1.00 743) 8206 225 EPRDMS 401793 75182 0_93 016 741596 0904014 0.30 40175 1.03 1.130573 1.10 NE559 1.93 711414 080 E212 220 20 0) 751% 0 60 7481 1113 7415107 CIAO 4015 070 401M 1.0) 17%7 1.00 1,12332 1.53 774419? 125 3215 3131797 22_170 7415103 1.60 2516. 54 WD2793 75169 000 7.204 1.06 0.40 4)16 0.36 43143 1.00 1.7.110C114 450NE5531P 131 133 394 P.O.A._ 3.50 27.00 74814 7415112 0.45 291635 550 700277 27.00 75365 150 125 4017 0 55 10191 1.00 1.76314 033095090417 150 274.7246 130 5225 4.25 0501 7%5 1.10 7415113 0.45 2532 4.50 W131591 1500 75452 4015 060 43244 19) L11337 0.450507E5 350 7642513 330 5273 5_50 741.5114 0.6 4021.5 25%33 550 W02143 1207 756 0.42 4019 010 1.50 1.74103CH 075 P1.1.0124 510 21112613 300 5213 2.00 754E3 748974E6 7415172 2564 2-10 070 4020 0 93 11167 180 LAMM 2253[4)36 055 71442718 6.03 3253 800 74934 74151% 093 9-502238 4 03 CHARACTER 75451 070 055 4021 0.60 43373 1.80 145311 060RC4)51 200 2142139 450 32514 325 GE `CERATORS 1543) 150 7491 0.70 7415124 1.40 43374 2716 -W 150 1022 110 170310 193 RC4195 1.93 775.12914 52.5 150 75131 095 74324 0.70 7415125 0.50 4023 8 2 EGC95 0.75 1%319 1.60 RC4553 0.55 7/14473 9_00 271635 550 90.1%13 70534 035 7415126 0.50 32554C5 320 453 010 4024 0.48 80097 0.75 11.0324 0.45 9591 220 V44-155 30) 1803vn 017.50 577543226 7050 1.10 7415132 0.65 27274-2 9 CO 4025 0 24 93C55 0.75 154334Z 1.15 S53240 9.03 7114%9 7_50 %57C.5 cos 902%13 718795 74954 0_63 74/5133 050 11.6257 123 5441579394 3 CO 27374 3) 6.03 107.00 4026 090 1600 270P,KP 825E0-5 _231% 7436 7415136 0.45 49) 7727.4-35 5 CO 11.2o 0.10 4327 017 Full range 171326 1-605 800X0 none 203 3775 2910 REAL 71615 3196 7497 7415138 2764 25 260 1 12320 2.10 0.55 4028 060 L41333 0.405/49) 3 00 270040 6.00 4.93 CLOCK 9197 7410) 1 93 741.5133 040 of 74S Et 8273.5 27/64-25 10 CO 4025 171343 0.90174313C14 5717603371 310 mans.'oiso 050 7415145 05 ano 4.0327)7$25 350 8745 120 74107 O.%4333 0 35 74HC 3.60 52126Zea 403 7642346 9.50 8252 74109 1.75 4.4327123 30 7.50 611556 1.40 0.75 765147 4031 1.75 1743935 050 53176195 4.00 8233 460 74110 0.75 7415148 1.40 27255 M 20.00 8115% 1.40 4032 1.00 series in 0 907953 120 8297 180 811%7 1.40 74111 0.$5 7415151 0.65 1.75 0035141 8 150 111=11= 7.725633 20 9 BAU ORATE 4033 5502%412 710 9 5077453716 811593 140 74116 1.70 1415152 2.031034 2-50 stock. LAGEGNI 19) 747120 1% 1809CE 650 5.03 GENERATOR 74118 1.10 7415153 055 26564 10.50 882853MA 9515130 100 4335 0.70 114331411 1.70 TA130 1.40 0:12.9 1503 M14411 7 53 9370 74119 1.70 74L5154 1.60 Ask for 5502 450 306 4336 250 L 40E0 200 TA7204 1.50 1475603 1410 COM/3116 E57 99.161 1.60 74123 1 CO 7415155 016 65CO2.2319 CR1 22729 4037 1.10 full list. 325 747205 090 1769301 510 TR 750 96374P 1.60 74121 0.55 7415156 0204033 103 _..61 2%TA729 1.50 12_03 76974 6.50 141e9312 500 9638 190 74122 070 7415157 OM 41339 250IFP=71.1 1100 147310 19) 7/69311 18.00 111 74123 090765159 0.116 10 0.10 2_70 78.4%1 120 8.03 11459314 04I627 1810 74125 0.16 741.51604 0.75 3.00 9303 2_50 14 03 46741 056 1 10 18499 053 2:92113 CR7945 900 5337511.50 74121 oss 74151614 0.75 1312 10 9n 8.00 1.90 784.310 8 CO Lla 050 010 1904410 22_5075 93360 AYS 360) 7_50 fen oss 14/51624 0.75 1043 0.93 31 1.10 6933 2 149365 25 CO 5445030 16501913 72007C 290 741.922 5.00 500 74132 0.75 74151634 075 4.041 0.53 '333 016 115.4.822.1 0.75 9339 25.03 5445733 7.07 74136 7415164 0.75 EEG% 1000 ZEOACIC 275 741.923 6.00 0.70 4045 1.03RIMPI(4539004 410 70.4.923 203 200.457 6.50-P-33t1 36 03 44111 1E00 71141 741.5165.4 1.30 10133 093 646 0.93 151279 O.% - %%9 mC945 650 UHF 54433' 9.00 74143 90413451 7130 2-50 741.5164 150647 0.60 233014.4 7.00 LIC624554,650 MODULATORS 74143 2.70 7415168 1 3) 4018 VOLTAGE REGULATORS DARTS 055 *ATTENTION' 913413744 7.50 1.101917 6.50 6 MIN 3.75 74144 2.70 7.e51ra 1.9 4)19 IA FIXED VOLTAGE PLASTIC 10220 5F-F3..M54 8.00 ALL PRICES ARE 2914510 7.03 8 67.714 4.50 AY-1131EP 100 74145 1.10 7415110 1_40 4353 0.36 -YE 293710 5.03 711.53918 15 00 AY 57313P 303 74147 1.70 7415173.4 1.00 5 V 500143 li 421 1195 7876 0.45 MC5 050 SUBJECT TO CHANGE ZEDECTC 503 059329 10.03 VISION C01,19317 3.00 74148 1 40 7415174 0.75 4052 6V 7E05 0113 053 7X6 093 29730451 903 T7.155529 10.00 12 MHz 1207 13.554032 450 74150 1_75 7415175 075 4363 0.10 8 V 792050 050 WITHOUT NOTICE 741514 0.70 7415181 200664 091 12 V 7512 0.45 7912 050 LOW PROFILE 04 SOCKETS BY TEXAS WIRE SVFLAP SOCKE IS 8y 1E SAS 74153 093 7415163 1.93 SCRS 0.93 15 V 78150.50 7915 050 74154 1.40 7415193 a 7S 426 18V 7815050 7913 093 50-2 702 5 D., 8 or, 309 18p. Sop 24 pa 132 74155 0 93 7415191 0.75 43E9 40024 V 7%40.50 7924 0.50 54 40.37'SOp 744+'310p 20 on tip289.n Hip 14 pin 429 20 LT sop man 1039 74156 010 741.515;0 090 4053 0.70 tp p -o 119 22 p, 22p 409.^ 30p 16 459 22 pin 659 4005 1174 74157 14 FIXED VOLTAGE PLASTIC 1002 SA 6009 1409 010 7415193 0.93 4)% 025 16410097002 74159 LIS74151914 0.75 Tuned P. 402 0.40 5V 781.05 0%155' 78113 030 C1010 459 202 16 9, 319 409 22 On 74110 1-10 74151564 075 4337 Low Ptubte i., 250 6V 781.06 030 5V 75316 045 1 19 77 -, $SP 74161 OM 74151% 09)669 025 040110' 36p Sockets vg 250 29 40 P4, 74162 1.10 7028 0.3012 V 79112 050 71244 ND 765%7 0.80 4797 024 112 TRANSISTORS 74163 1_10 7415221 78112 03315V 17115 050 2%3525 130p 090 668 805575 189 iinEC 7,3355 74161 120 7415240 0_90 4369 0_24 OTHER SWITCHING 4441 140p 5C1093 30558.3 169 9F41.6 7416 REGULATORS REGULATORS '5230p11541C 1,310 Y. 1.10 7415241 0.90 670 024.24 40. sclorc 12004 EIC5551Y71C 249 BE190 939 111.12A 7.3722 741% 1.40 7415242 0.90 4771 024 ,._11.5.: 1.43 , 0 L:55: 2_5D 8C14) 409 EIC p 14.t2501 229 11742[ 217771 5 3. 74167 4.00 7415243 0.93 4072 024 1,.12.23.: 357, 5'- - 4 303 13[161 409 BCY72 330 14.12955 90p 71547 2,61125 1 5 ...SC 74170 2-0) 7415241 0.93 4773 024 7534 2C 1.434 39 EIC177 309 15013) 759 14.0001 11551 2,4727 ?"54 74172 4.20 7415245 1.10 4075 0245 A 5 V 5.75 Ti -437 300 1313C173 339 13/32 50p AlEa% 1509 now 2115,3 OS, 74173 1.47 7415247 1.10 4076 0.16 737,12 6.40 705-43 2.50 8C152/ 159 01% 409 14.113056 1E9 115125 73.20 W.0 71174 1.10 7415248 1.104377 025 765116 9 504155 1.53 8054/1 709 13136 409 7457102 69 1157555 21177.1 E rt. 74115 116 7415259 1.10 4075 025 V4914131 REGULATORS 8021221 169 D139 lop 4377)0314 409 11733% 'CC 74176 1.00 7415251 0.75 1.743641.1 Plan= iNsIxe c. 4381 024 2 1 `t! 721% 0.53 80213.3. lip 02415 75p 7457105 409 21.219) 50571 Xl 74175 193 7415253 0.75 .032 026 1.443171 1.50 7323cC 6.50 14 4/.02609 8C214/1 lip 02423 75p 1155.412 SOp 23119.1 74179 1.50 1.1431714 2603 x. 7415%6 0104355 0.60 2.40 71,1L,^ 235 6.44074709 60327 02449 404 11523C 40p 3747,-14 201405 eic 74193 1113 74152574 0.70 4196 0.75 U43371 2_25 79eIGK-C En 54 4031 909 1310338 FE68 509 115316 40p 24264 74)8) 3.40 VOW Pic 741.52584 0 70 4359 120 11135)T 433 794-23:,C 230 EA WC,'759 5C477 339 72573 409 TIP31C 429 2112616 12307 X's 74182 LID74153.0 123 1%3 01514)355 15 CO 735,075,C 1.40 EA 5.3.4 semen 502 11192C 469 27Q9064 3.725 174 74151 964 110 7415210 OM 4354 090 72451.:4'1099 85%47/8 7337 36p 11PZC533C 1109 31:47) Itr.e. 741264 LBO 110 8.735 OPIO ISOLATORS 16p 11 2 2N33541%00 2e et 7415261 0.90 1e.653e711309 1313C921C FM. 81 32p 1409 9. - 7419) 1-30 7415216 RD 1 111112 0.70 060 00M6 0_90 12E002 1309 74191 1.33 7415273 1_25 4097 2.70 11074 2.213 113.113 0.70 113C CONNECTOI1L5 MODES 74132 1.10 14C726 1.03 112%0 SC9 7415279 070 4333 0.75 nuts 0_73 60+.29 Are y ir 74193 1.15 7415280 190 436 0.90 PACS2400 190 /94137 310 113760 7 87177 129 )4700 SP tke4CO3 t 74194 1.10 7415283 0604.01 MOC3M3 133 671139 1/5 Her., 0447 109 04207 109 0.14001 03I 111111 999 1450 1759 2009 2209 7359 741% 020resne 080492 0.55 0-70 DISPLAYS 9, 0493 DO 11/4914 4p 1745401 741% 1.30 LEDS RfCCD 0491 3441441 744.5232 900 4533 0_35 DISPLAYS Op 40095407 4 74197 1.10 741529 OM 451 0.55 959 1259150. 16.02 / 9CP 7009 0495 .3400132 .5920 741% 220 7415256 1.40 45% 110 100 1.152.6610 203 RED 711203 012 741% GREEN 6094 2213 7415257 903 4576 09034103)0 111733100 44535681 5.70 Can.1209 1959 2409 320931093909 ISMOGE 5 74221 1.10 E40537 1)17791.00 111311 17;211 0.16 741526 1004507/4033 0.35 5_50 1157v lip 2 + 6410C. 100 74251 YELLOW 110 7415%3 2.20 1441174017% 110 1l1729 1.0) EL/90 COniesECTORS 741003 2119 342027 60p 644301 upp 7575/1 193 1)1272 7415231 3.704610 0551447071- 0007 110 711731 1-0) 020 70603'e 441072 74265 OW 4)4'13453 Reel LEDs 5.45 5-xiet 349 954 947000 0530 7415323 320611 0.55 1.75 MAIMIo 1.50 0134 41612 2 444034 1002 10.4197, %op 74273 2-03 7415324 320612 0550004.4543 200 (RIG/ Y1 010 32 nay 3339 3539 74.501 309 74276 1.40 CX0 1E4 7rcje9 2 - 3.7wa4 3%9 4009 24)009356.64504 110p 104400x2009 7415343 2.03 4513 1.50 DISPLAY DRIVERS 74279 1.70 7415352 120 4514 1.10 Caw: 1.00 9-9441 3 %.way 4009 - MIS OCOhNEC TORS 74279 010 741.5353 1.20 4515 1.10 9358 450 ULIi2C04 030 10 1513 Ike 2 - 32 Ad, 50Lent. e 4bce aIt 74283 116 7415356 2104516 0.56 9370 4.9 U1.14%63 /90 DIN 41617 21 -way 1609 169 nes 15 0 2S osesIr wH 97 mar 74295 3.23 7415363 110 4517 1163914 3.50 1.11141_332 1.90 M 2-25 CNN 41617 31 say /41.1{I 220 11/3915 1709 1709 74E0 0.90 7415364 181 619 O.% 353 ULI121333 110 Green 2% 0111 41612 sate 429 Op 159 242 10(4 71233 090 7415365 050 4519 010 1913916 3.53 :2:2804 1.30 QT 1M1Tp5 1'-'35 1491 212 1543 2 22 *ay St Fin %Op 2759 7426 1.80 7415366 051620 060 4.1076118 3 20 75101 0.70 711%0 0.15 193446184 2 32 way Any Pen 775p2209 74351 2 03 7415367 052 4521 1.15 320 75432 0.70 152% 0.18 z. 131 1 55 214, 1 X, 74324 0 ID 7415318 0.93 0.70 ULM= 090 111226 0-22 3 32 way St Ps, 2%9 370p 1 KC 21 2 50, 70364 053 7415373 090411 0_70 0112 3 32 I., Arg Fel 7759 4.139 - *41. 743574 osi 053 7415374 090 en 090 09512 1.23 11173 0.55 1 DC Skt A - 8 4259 Sp 46 We. 7 Xt. 743514 0.70 7415375 015 4ns 0.40 OR 550 120 711338 120 A C air 5 W. 74376 1.9)74/5377 1 X/ 4523 110 09561 1% 71181 110 For 2 . 32 war PV.X. 4171911 40100.a ah pee-tt 74393 1.10 7415373 095491 0.75 to S.A - Ce 00 E wee aties 319 Stan 4109 1)1.1 -ASE %Ill) 50p p&p &15".A.V1* TFA:11 \( )N 1.VI' I( ill) 11.1porl: oo NAT. p&p sr Coot MAIL ORDERS TO: 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NW10 1ED Orders from Gosernment Dept% &Colleges els ome SHOPS AT: 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NW10 Detailed Price 1 1st on request (Tel: 01 208 1177 Telex: 922800) .7sto11 items arc normally f1 !Mtn ro pus) 305 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON W2 October 1985 elektor electronics Volume 11 - Number 126 ISSN 0268/4519

news & views

editorial 5

electronics scene 14

companies 71

electronics technology

viewdata in Britain 8 This month's front cover shows the high - design ideas - clock oscillators 37 definition colour electronics a medicine 68 graphics card described in four parts in our electronics select 74 September to December 1985 issues, and some typical projects examples of the displays obtainable with it. hand-held anemometer 20 Ideal for, among others, wind surfers, glider pilots, amateur meteorologists, and yachtsmen.

marine computer 30 Inexpensive unit for determining not only your craft's speed and direction, but also the wind speed and angle.

high -resolution graphics card - 2 46 Second part of the article describing a versatile graphics card.

sound rotator 58 Electronic version of the mechanical Lesley speaker system.

stage lighting 61 Economical ::ay of obtaining a fully controllable stage lighting system.

information

readers' services 10

corrections 41

make your own PCBs 42

new products 52

new literature 55

A selection from our guide lines November issue: into space with Elektor buyers' guide 78 Electronics sweep generator switchboard 79 stage lighting - 2 MIDI interface appointments 80 graphics card - 3 car radio amplifier classified ads 82

advertisers index 82

3 elektor electronics october 1985 advertisement

PRINTERS BBC Micro Computer System EPSON RX80T- £210 (a); RX100- £345 la); OFFICIAL DEALER FX80- £315 (a); FX100 -£430 (a); WORD PROCESSOR 1,10'.S LX8ONLQ £242 (a); JX80 Colour £499 cal VIEW £48 Ic) KAGA TAXAN: KP810 £245 la); ACORN COMPUTER SYSTEMS. HI VIEW £52 (c) BBC Model 8 1299 la) VIEW INDEX (13 Id) KP910 £339 (a); BROTHER: HR15 £310 la); BBC Model B PLUS (409 la) WORDWISE £34 Id) JUKI 6100 £299 (a). BBC Model B DES fa) WORDWISE PLUS £49 Id) BBC Model B Econet Er...6 lel SPELLCHECK I £15 Idl ACCESSORIES 3I3C Model 8 Econet - DFS 1399 (a) SPELLCHECK II E24.50 Idl BUFFALO 32K Buffer for Epson c 7:Cr; £75 Idl: FX80 plus sheet feeder £129 {be ACORN 10Mbyte Hard Disc £1300 la) UTILITY ROMS EPSON Serial Interface: 8143 (28 (be 8148 with 2K buffer £57 lb). BBC Dust Cover £4 (dl DISC DOCTOR 126 (dl EPSON Paper ROM Holder £17 F)030 Tractor Attach E37 RX/FX90 Dust BBC Carrying Case._ , £12 Ibl EXMON II 122 Id) Cover £4.513 Idl; LX80 Tractor Unit £20 lc). UPGRADE KITS TOOLKIT 121 (dl EPSON Ribbons: MX,RX!FX80 ES: MX/RX;FX100 E10 (d): LX80 (6 ti). 12 0'S Rom(7-50 PRINTMASTER £27 (dl JUKI: Serial Interface £55 Ice Tractor Attach. E99 (al: Sheet Feeder £180 fa): GRAPHICS ROM Acorn DES Kit (80 Id) ONES Rom.E17.50 (dl £24 Ribbon £2.50 fat. MUROhl. . £21 EconetKitE55Id) 4816AP RAME1.50Id) COMMUNICATION ROMS BROTHER HR15: Sheet Feed UK Ribbons - Carbon or Nylon £4.75: Multistree Basic II Rom with User Guide _ 122.50 0.50 (dl; 2l Sheets Fanfold with extra fine porf. 9.5- - E13.50, 15" (17.50 (b) 4816AP Memory upwari. RAM reachi TERMI £26 Id) COMMUNICATOR E57 (dl COMMSTAR ACORN ADD-ON PRODUCTS: 127 1c11 DATA-HEFEI E25 Id) 280 2nd Processor £348 la) LANGUAGE ROMS MONITORS 6502 2nd Processor £175lb) BCPL E52 tbl ALL MONITORS SUPPLIED WITH LEAD FOR THE BBC BCPL MICROVITEC 14" RGB Teletext Adaptor £192(a) E17.30 Id) Generator E43 Id) 1431 Std Res £185 la). 1431AP std Res PAL; Audio 12E6 tee IEEE Interface £282 1451 Med Res 1240 la): 1451AP Med Res PAL/Audio 1290 Is); Please .. for details of other RH Light pen £39.50(c) ROMs a. - 14511303 Med Res for SINCLAIR OL 1239 la) 1441 Hi Res 1289 Plinth for Microvitec 14" (13.50 lb) In addition to products ksted above we stock a wide race C E: peripherals including: Swivel base for plastic 14" Microvitecs 12(1 tc) TORCH UNICORN products. GRADUATE the add on that rnaies .-BBC micro IBM compatible, Merovitec Monitors with Dual TTULinear inputs are also atr-ble SMARTMOUTH speech synthesise, TIME WARP Real Tare C Colour Graphics Plotter. KAGA 12" RGB Graphics Tablet. Video Digitiser. Eprom Programmer etc. Hi Res VISION II (25 la) New Vision 111 Pies £360 (a) Large selection of business. pleasure and education software including CPM software for the Acorn Hi Res 12- Green. Screen Monitors: 280 Kaga KX1201G Anti Glare Screen £99 la)Sanyo DM8112CX E95 tat For derailed specificeMon of any of the above equ,prrem piease write cc idephone. Kaga KX1203A Amber Screen Hi Res Monitor £106 tat PHILIPS DOD Hu Res Green Screen: DM fa) DISC DRIVES Swliiel Stand for Kaga Green with digital E22.50 Ibl Single Drives: With integral per: BBC Leads: Kaga ROB ES Micromee E3.50 Monochrome 0.93 (c) 1 IOW 40T SS :TS100 035 lb) PS100 E120Ibl 1 400K 80,407 DS :TS4110 E125 lb) PS400 E145 lb) Dual Drives: (with integral tie& SOFTY II TECHNOLINE Stacked Version: This tow cost intelligent wpm programmer Plinth Versrons- can program 2716. 2516. 2532. 2732. and with VIEWDATA SYSTEM PI3200 2 IODK 40T SS .. E190 (a) PD2COP E215 la) an adaptor, 2564 and 2763. Displays 512 byte

PD803 2 . 400K 80/40T DS .. ENS (a) PD8COP 1289 (a) page on TV -has a serial and parallel 1,0 Tel. 01-450 9764 3.5" Drives: routines Can be used as an emulator. cassette Using 'Prestel" type protocols The mechanisms are 88 double sided arid are capable of both single and doubre density interface. For information and orders operation_ Softy II_ 6195.00 eatAdaptor for available 24 hours. 7 days 7535 400K EOT DS £99 Ibt TD35 2 4(0K 93T DS £175 (b) 2764 2554 625.00 a week. 3M FLOPPY DISCS PRODUCTION PROGRAMMERS GANG OF EIGHT AUTHORISED 3M DISTRIBUTOR This is a sman. fast programmer with an atelVe alarm and a *CCTIVEM3t 3.liquid crystal cfLay. Single key operation discourages mistakeswhist performing BLANK CHECK. VERIFY and PROGRAM functions automatically. Programming voltage seen - DATA RECORDING PRODUCTS table 12.5:21;25 V. wit program as popular 5 V single ra3 eprorrs. It W:1 program 8 eprorrs at a time (395 (al Industry standard floppy discs ..vith a life time guarantee. P9003 Range: Discs in packs of 10: Tnese new range which wet handle ALL current 5 V single raj eprorrs and copy 40 Track SSDD £13 tc)40 Track DSDD £18 tcl 8 eproms at a time comprises of three following models: All models have 16 character display, 10 different fault detecton features e automatic 80 Track SSDD E22 I cl80 Track DSDD 624 (c) self test, 16 bit programming capakeTrty and a selection of high speed programming 3'," Discs E38 (c)for pack of ten algorithms: P9010: A low cost duplicator 095 P9020: With serial interface with 8 rifferent formats and 8 K buffer (expandable to DRIVE ACCESSORIES 32 Kt E996(al P9030: Top of the range with serial interface with 16 formats, baud rate upto 19.2 K. 1.6 .; E'E, 50 7 E1.80 BK expandable buffer. editing functions. Priming fealty, remote control from a : computer £1295 (al £14 tcl100 Ce: 118 .,eeact Cleaning Kit with EPEOCO caning kids 614.50 )hi Tris CPU controlled Emulator Programmer is a powerful tool for both Eprom program- neng and development work. EPEI000 can emulate and program as eproms up to 8K e 8 bytes, can be used as stand alone unit for reeling and duplicating EPROMS, BT APPROVED MODEMS as a save programmer or as an eprom emulator MIRACLE S2000: (695.00(0)

- The ultimate world standard fTVC-7...: - 7 conic.- BELL and C. unto 1200 Baud. Allows cornmunicatkon ; T,- s,..tc.m th, 7-_:':anal UV ERASERS AUTO DIAL and AUTO ANSWER boards enhance the core ,--- already prty. *7:n the UVIT Eraser with built-in tenet and nuns indicator. Buit-in safety interlock to avoid modem. Mains powered. (129 Ibl Auto Dial Board Auto Ar..- E30 tc I each lava,: E581 accidental exposure to the harmful UV rays. It can hancle up to 5 eproms at a time with approval) Software lead (4.50 an average erasing time of about 20 muss 1359 + E2 pep. UV12 as above but without NEW WS 3000 SERIES Please phoca fel details the timer E47 - f2 p&p For Industrial Users, we offer UVt40 Es UV141 erasers with handling capacity of 14 BUZZ BOX: eproms. UV141 has a buet [n timer. Both offer full buit in safety features UV14O Mt. The. pocket sized modern complies with V21 300/300 Baud and provides an ideal solution for UV141 £79, p&p £2.50 .-_-ornmunications between users, with mare frame computers and bulletin boards at a very c-conornic .:cistBattery or mains operated £52 (Cl Mains Adaptor ES Id) PROGRAMMED ROMS FOR ELEKTOR BBC to Modem data lead (7 PROJECTS 503-2: Jnr. Computer Monitor 516 Tasking Dice 2716 E 7.33 PROJECTS: 2708E 4.80 521 CharGen & Video Routine for DOS ALL PRICES Jun:et Computer Kit 686 504 Disco fights 7706 4.80 Junior 2732 + 2716 E16.40 Housekeeper kit £58 lie 505 Chess Intelekt 2.2716 E14.60 522 CharGen & video; Routine for ex- EXCLUDE VAT ElekterMral Kit 119901 E50 Ili 505 J C Tape Monitor .... 2716 E 7.30 tended junior .. 2732 + 2x 2716 £24.00 523 Char. Generator 2732 E 9.0e Meese :anrage 50p artless ASCII Keyboard kit E75 507N J C Printer Mon & PME 2716 E 7.33 524 Ouantisizer 2732 £ 9.011 erdeeefeef as berme J C Books 1. 2, 3, & 4E6.90 (c) ea 533 J C Bus Control 82523 E 4.80 525 Universal Term. 2732 E 9.00 Universal Terminal i65021 510 150 MHz Freq Meter 2 x82S23 526 Mind Di lnd 2716 E 7.33 (a118 (b)12.50 (c)C150 (d)1100 Kit £75 lb) E 9.60 527 Baby -emit 2716 f 7.30 Leile!rr !ISM, E70 514 Dark Ream Computer 2716. E 7.30 533 Daisywheel Hate 2732 f 9.00 SEE OUR INSIDE FRONT COVER PAGE ADVERTISEMENT FOR COMPONENT PRICES PLEASE A III) 541p p&p s 151, IA*1' TECI ATIC 4'1'1) (Export: no VAT. ptsp at Cost) MAIL ORDERS TO: 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NW10 lED Orders from Government Depts. & Colleges etc. welcome. SHOPS AT: 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NW10 Minimum telephone order B. (Tel: 01 208 1177, Telex: 922800) Detailed Price list on request. IA< 305 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON W2 Stock items are normally by return of post. elektor electronics october 1985 elektor electronics October 1985 Editor: Len Seymour Advertisement manager: S Brooks

Published by: Glentop Publishers Limited Standfast House Sinclair: any suitors? Bath Place High Street, Barnet London EN5 1ED Why is it that so many clever and inventive entrepreneurs in Telephone: this country seem to run into trouble so often? Take Sir Clive Editorial:(01) 441 4130 Advertising: (0227) 66106 Sinclair: entrepreneur and inventor par excellence. But, so far, Telex: 22828 this year has not been a very good one for him. Starting with A KluwerGroup Company Managing director: K Borland a divorce, it then confronted him with a declining home corn - Overseas editions: outer market, troubles with the Advertising Standards Auth- Elektuur B.V. ority about the C5 one-man electric car, and a writ claiming Peter Treckpoelstraat 2-4 6191 VK Beek - the Netherlands more than £1.5 million from Hoover for alleged non-payment Editor: P E L Kersemakers of bills. Elektor sari It all seems rather unfair to a man who has, arguably, con- Route Nationale; Le Seau: B.P. 53 59270 Bailleul - France tributed more to the computer industry than anyone else Editors: D R S Meyer; G C P Raedersdorf since the early 1970s. In fact, it is fairly certain that without Elektor Verlag GmbH him there would never have been so many computer en- 5133 Gangelt - Postfach 1150 West Germany thusiasts in Britain - or in the rest of the world. Editor: E J A Krempelsauer Clive Sinclair started his first company in 1962 while still in his Elektor EPE early twenties. Ten years later, Sinclair Radionics launched a Karaiskaki 14 16673 Voula - Athens - Greece pocket calculator which was then almost certainly the Editor: E Xanthoulis smallest, best designed, and cheapest in the world. But fierce Elektor Electronics (India) PVT Ltd. and growing competition caused the company to be bailed Chotani Building 52 C. Proctor Road, Grant Road (El out some years later by the National Enterprise Board. Within Bombay 400 007 - India a short time, Clive Sinclair had left the company: was it Editor: Surendra lyer because he could not - or would not - work within the Elektor JCE Via Rosellini 12 constraints of an industrial undertaking? 20124 Milano - Italy However, this move was the computer world's gain. Within Editor: D Fumagalli two years, Sinclair had launched the first -ever computer to Ferreira ft Bento Lda. sell for under £100: the ZX80. Over 100 000 of these were pro- R.D. Estefania, 32-1° 1000 Lisboa - Portugal duced. Its successor, the ZX81, was even more successful Editor: Jorge Goncalves with sales topping a million worldwide. Even that has been Ingelek S.A. Av. Alfonso XIII, 141 put in the shade by the ZX Spectrum, probably the most Madrid 16 - Spain successful computer the world will ever see. Editor: A M Ferrer But then, a decline set in: neither the hand-held flat -screen International co-ordinating TV receiver nor the new QL computer caught on. It seems, it technical manager: K S M Walraven International editorial secretariat: however, that the C5 electric car - or rather the £12 million M J M Lacroix; C H Smeets. G W P Wijnen spent on its design? - has done the most damage to The circuits are for domestic use only. The sub- Sinclair. mission of designs or articles to Elektor Elec- Sinclair has still plenty of ideas, but he needs money to tronics implies permission to the publishers to alter and translate the text and design, and to materialize them. There should be sufficient interest from in- use the contents in other publications and dustrial backers for his wafer -scale chips and his compact activities. The publishers cannot guarantee to data -storage device; rather I P -S -S so for his electric car with a return any material submitted to them. All drawings, photographs, printed circuit boards roof. and articles published in Elektor Electronics are When, last June, Mr Robert Maxwell proposed a £12 million copyright and may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, rescue plan, there were sighs of relief in many quarters of the including photocopying and recording, in whole industry. But, alas, when it was learnt that the stock of com- or in part without prior written permission of the publishers. Such written permission must puters amounted to no less than £35 million, Mr Maxwell also be obtained before any part of these publi- called off the deal. cations is stored in a retrieval system of any At the time of writing, no other helping hand has been ex- nature. Patent protection may exist in respect of cir- tended. None the less, there are some glimmers of hope for cuits, devices, components etc. described in Sir Clive. The recently merged Dixons/Currys Group have this magazine. The publishers do not accept placed a £10 million order for computers and miniature TV responsibility for failing to identify such patent or other protection. sets. At the same time, there are signs that the miniature Distribution: television receiver may take off at last in earnest - Seymour Press Ltd., 334 Brixton Road, particularly in the USA. London SW9 7AG. We hope these may prove to be turning points for Sir Clive, Copyright c 1985 Elektuur B.V. Printed in the Netherlands by NDB, IABC but even so, he will need further financial help. We wish him Zoeterwoude. well: he deserves it!

5 elektor electronics october 1985 advertisement

TRANSISTORS _ 120 1173C 36 1T33)1 /7 74 HC ..93 9) T1P339 713314 3 7103) 55 123 8101 .7 6 11: 50 40142 .,361 TIP3X 37 717135 33 HCO2 55 WATFORD ELECTRONICS A10113 79 8C182-3 10 i46 120 33 119311 38 211311 3) I44:04 55 80161 42 BC1341 10 110.378 7- 250 High Street. WATFORD. WD1 2AN. HerIS X15 29 45 719316 33 ZTX451 23 17006 55 40162 SCIES 10 01:7434 3-'25 42 M TIP31C 46 2171.6.10 14 74C10 55 41718 BC1E31. 10 50317 35 MAIL ORDER & RETAIL SHOP X *a TSP32A 43 7TX531 215 HC20 56 8C11341. 10 006,-. - .705 AF139 40 193 TIPMC 45 21%503 18 HC32 55 80788 :7 B136.0-_ *. 190 Tel. (0923) 37774 TIx. 8956095WATFRD 85733 S 28 0375 119334 70 213531 HC42 135 BC212 10 BF, 12 43 80107 12 s,r236 200 11733C 2114550 ZS 1451 AU Devices Brand NEW Es Fully guaranteed. Send Cheques. P.Os. ft Bank 86212_ 57154,8 33 4 81.1078 14 12 89293 293 11734A 85 213337 23 11074 70 SF167 35 Draft or ACCESS/Master Charge Er VISA card number with order. Government BC1OB 12 ITC213 10 BUTSC 225 117340 106 213333 40 HCE6 60 31173 7735 B Educational Establishments' OFFICIAL orders accepted. POP add El to all 801098 14 eatK 12 14_2565 93 11733. 120 IMMO 48 HC107 73 8014 10 87173 79 40 I.1)E.170 150 Cash orders. Overseas orders, postage charged at cost AIR/SURFACE 13C136C 14 -nessc 133 237071 25 HC1M 75 67151 5 33 150 6C109 12 20145 12 14.1118) -01369 Tao 2618 40 160139 120 PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE AND AVAILABLE ON 80237. 3 15 51194 5 12 54 13C1333 14 M3(3* 117360 140 2111131.240 44063 135 REQUEST. 13625o1 35 51198 5 18 1470713 133 BC1DX 14 111114 SO 27115711160 Hc160 35 80078 15 BMW 83 MlE171 132 VATEamon 80551A T UK tharOTAINS tie.15e ..,16.1 15, VAT to the Loral cenes 9tic 6C114. 5 30 712410 52 ram rs 111.161 135 3F7244 40 /14.31 96 -16.. prep We 115th tnovandsrnarednest. e pays to sou us. Waco Unaergtcesci Bra 18177.1 31C3C6 15 71742A 2731151 28 HC MI 135 377145 40 S InN Sal 51x1n Wadoed ITren 50511 FREE Co P.4439 Ice Cunpra-4. Open Wee., Is 5.43.9743 8C137. 3 40 81:315 30 05.1a2: se 71743 58 2132204 26 HMS 270 9 CO 57246 50 tu 610 8C140 38 sc322.8 15 Nunes se 717125 70 3122211 25 HC173 120 81256.9 45 BC142 3 38 5C337.8 15 45.1E3C65 70 117121:2 73 21(2222 25 HC174 126 ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS: Ilialaes n 3F 9:13V: 1C9F 5271; 47 71p; SW 0.47, 1-13. 1.5. 22 33. 8C951 6134 572568 SO 1.114102 40 8017 12 117141 2 120 272366 25 110175 120 BC477 40 2 F34 8 32 4.7 SP: 1050W 15.22120.33 15P; 4712P: 48 209: 100 UP:220 21p; ICCO Sp; 2200160; WV: 6920p; SC1475 15 1.1571M 4 30 715111 120 zezzessA 18 HC210 196 10017P: 221240: 417V, 6815P: ?150: 33 12p; 330. 470 329; ICC° 46p: 2200109; 21516 1.5, 4.7. 10. 3F759 40 8C195 12 BC516.7 40 1011150 33 1112556 70 2/Q*3 A 27 HC241 195 22. 47 SP: 103110: 1931214; 221150; MO 22p; 4703p; 683,103034p; 1503429: 2205160p; 3303 7644; 12 81275 55 197E13 40 BC11.% 15 8C547.3 1173355 70 m24* 46 HC242 IS 470092p; 152 47, 68 13140; 125 130; X0160: 470 20p; 1034p; 14:00 27p: 150031p; 2200 311p: 4700 BF335 7 35 33 80145 12 8C549C 15 MPSAC6 71541 5 45 272301 5 28 HC244 195 79p. 15 15 EF494 S 40 1,175408 30 501430 50556 7 115581 50 '211307 28 177:245 195 578233 "a) 25 M75412 EIC153. 4 33 51.505 9 15 32 1759) 91 33 :Jinn 10 17059 270 TAG -END CAPACITORS: MV 2333 1200: 310 I45p. 4N.0 246p: 50V. nco 95p, 3X0 155p. 431,_ 5[041:22 33 51841:79 25 1.17SAS 30 5057.8 14 171.731 66 2713063 4 HC373 226 4703 1500. 250 2200 7011733:0 1157. 4037. 470) 75p; 10.003 2130p: 15.060 2719; 22.033 3120p, 16-7, sem 6125 7.15758.55 230 21:00 8059 11 5C058 :59 36 30 vK1010 99 27O056 50 HC174 225 5CY70 "71 111 81438 106 1.175870 SC160 46 40VNICKM 70 V53614 183 HC333 225 POLYESTER CAPACITORS: Amisi Lead Type BFK.3 35 1,1151302 58 SIEMENS pcb 5C1674 14 BCT72 '78 28 VN4SAF 95 2/37,M 3 10 ITC640 240 SOY: 1nF 1/6.2n2, 3.3.467. 61.0 11p: 901. 159. 81. 2246 12p; 33n. 47n. 13191 BC153C 12 80121 96 B-33331 45 1.175U26 W Tspe Mand-33,e V/116o.-AF 110 2%3819 35 HC615 240 lip; 150n 20p; 220n 30; 330n 42p: 470n 620; 1333, 10F Up; 202 Sp. 50124 115 13F716 6 35 1.1751X6 W pot', CAlacrroes EICISC 12 V743391 133 2163820 60 104, 12A. 39n 11p; 1909. 221117p; 3301, 470130p; 699 38p: 10F Sp; 0131 32 66 87993 5130 1.179.62 65 7415155 70 500V BC173 20 VNESAF120 210153 60 lyre 450; 25.2 SP; 4P7 660. 80133 SF052 33 13.71SUS 7115155 70 80171 2 12 70 60 21X3)0 13 26301 13 1073V: lnF 1741: 150E 370; 15, 40p; 221 36p: 33n 42p; 471 100rt 42p. 1rtF. 1sS. 212. 313. 8FT53 35 7413157 60 31C173 IS 80135 46 511751.66 60 27-43)1 2 20 18 417, 6n3, to,, 15n. VOSrA 74/5158 6113 BC177.8 16 80136 17 40EIFTS 6 35 11739 32 POLYESTER RADIAL LEAD CAPACITORS...290 V FEED -THROUGH 7p 717333 25 10573 75 7415153 5C173 8013839 40 13F154 40 70 101. It... Vs 1p: 33.479. Eat 10318p. 153,, 23910p; CAPACITORS 1337 22raZi'n 3341 7418161 70 7713k 4727 150: 1Was Sp; lu 239. 115 Opp. 2u2 dip. 101-1-91 4931 359. 47n Sc C.3359 2M 1461519_ 1042002 3157453 3574251 50 745258 741512 70 109 430' 35 317. 551 C.83)75 215 1,183712 200 11742013 190 3574256 150 745207 70 74151E3 70 TANTALUM BEAD CAPACITORS POTENTIOMETERS: Rotary. Cabal. 100, llp CA3032E 95 1363795 440 CIAX04 233 33 742S 260 14523 110 7413164 75 35V; 0.147, 022. OM 15p; 0.47. 016. 177463770 Track 025 W Log 6 Li, VASAN. 9:0V 0.53081 190 MC1204 2E0 T1342005323 5071773 187 745274 (10 74151E5 110 170,1.5 Up; 2.2.33 Up; 4.7. 6.8 2274;9:132, 1 K2 6 242 (Ikea. only/ 110n 103. 10p 73C1331 11342:1203237472 50 71776 13) 7415156 150 10 211p; UV: 22 33 lip; 4.7. 68 10 CAX66 160 90 745.225 (10 Soole-GarKI Sp 150n, 166, 12p CA335 7,11.13159110 1042030 1937173 50 74273 19374533 43745193 140 Up: 15 36p; 22 45p; 33, 47 6:9: 103 51172-2 SiNgle Gang Log Et Lis 35p 313n, 270n 12p CA33041) 250 7,1C115106 655 TDS0701 4207171 4574373 90 745251 865 7415131 100 16p; 10V: 15, 22 Up; 33. 47 50p; 100 7475 6 K.22303 S9014 Ging D7P SwAchlfap 333n. 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Se4 Stick Gracksated Bezel 45p 33455 225 CA31U 540 MC14931. 70 11.0E-1[41 60 103 7433 745301 MO 7115153 193 . 33457 370 79.54 1107137 175 CERAMIC CAPACITORS: 225 CA3119 1.101936 225 nc:slcu 95 7159.5 2560 71/5190 BS PRESET POTENTIOMETERS 37..S.15 625 11071CP 40743 1C0 74233 1521745373 SA -9c 0 Sof 10 1507 40 CA3203E 135 MC171336 90 375 7415191 66 19,F. 225,333-:e 47nF 0 13/ 103.3 1,37 1.13.9,3 'T:53.1.6 63 CC:347 175 I4C33.32 7511072C7 607.95 401z-F,I 183-715374 375 7415192 60 5P Ve.sc4 or 14...nr.t. 11.1374at 74-33 230 MIES 70 1033E 20v 7p 333-S 6V Sp X2.51 57 FC353 175 1.103401 50 110 745381 5E0 7415193 83 0 1431 131,171 Hon3cc 5".133330 695 FC.53 T1081CP 307490 5574366 70 POLYSTYRENE CAPACITORS 525 7.1C3133 715412 38) 7415194 75 025.V 100R -4 .AMR vertical ".08233 6.3 HA 133W 240 MC3404 TIOMCP 50 70 74367 701745070 33 17\4It:1.4 8p 15rF to 12.1F 100 16 74151% 75 .511.15307 1275 1441316 36 1.1C343 193 TLOSCP 75 771%1 110 71353 70745471 WO 7415195 35 2493 SILVER MICA Wakes i, pF1 COMPUTER 511.593 MO /11.631174 865 MC3422 00 711204C48 100 50 7426 12D 745472 400 74/5157 es /131 2.3.3 4 7. 82 10, 12. 15, 18, 22 D. ICs 91165 170 4U.359174 875 3317106 675 I.1C343 33 11.051CP 60 100 7133 ISO715474 403.2458221 es 7455 Ea 33, 33. 47. 93 56, 68 75, 82. 16. 100 811.597 140 417471M2 750 10.7107 575 7.11.1016 255 U622.10 123 74350 130715475 4251745753 83 120, 150. 110pF 15p each 8165% 175 RO 325131.700 41:1311 95 1,1710 300 U47164023)7156 75244.54 co 745571 333 7415241 711.1.1. 4 275 83 MO, 220 2E0.270. 3X. 333.3W. 390. NEW 3202 110-32513.1710 ICI..769) 30 Atf C 60* U4A170 1707457 293 71426 60745573 2147 XO CE 'M *0 7415242 95 470. 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003 61/ .03A, 2 31; .034 2 125 7 934i,, 6VA- 2 793 RapCCa9-9 Ideal for fang S1L Catrot 150 0254. 2 ISV 024 28:9 - VE 'D' CONNECTORS miniature a DIL snrs9s Eeno3,4395 BBC MICRO trpe 766 SDp 9 15 M 37 500 100 ens 6p 996773V175 12'. WORD-PROCESSING 2 7918 60p 95 1044.2 500 pis 195p MALE way nay ray WO TOWN.r 153 250p 7812 529 Argo 559 133p120p 16439 7912 aSp ALUM BOXES 10017.N. US PACKAGE -I 42 2 95 -046.2 125 -iv 7915 /Se 7915 SOp An0X Pre 1109 175p 17244542 200 10 7818 450 1918 509 3.20659 PCB pro 1029 1039 017 110 A compete .nordprocess.ng pec. 7074 4 21i Z' 85p 345es 435o PErPI 2430 703 4E9 500 FEMALE $201410 151 kage consSting of BBC Micro. Pace1....ng 4 210 r 2-,"103p t. - 12V 100mA /022 125614 300 2t 95 -142.2 Solder Eros 90p169 Zenith Green Hires Monitor, 50 76/05 330 79.05 SOP 4 4 c 2- 105p 315194 155 36p te3p Arae ors 150p200p twin cased 200K Disc Qum., 6V 72546 33p 4 2'4- 120p 15 %NU MO . 3V 1245:2 125 PCB are 1C0p1259 3:9 5 4 I 99p 150.014 302 Words' e.Watford's DES inte . 205 14.2 2 25V ar nos 504 pig 12v 7e_12 wo 79-72 5 4 2ti- 1209 15 Ove-r face, Brother HR15 Daisywheel 520p (etc PbPI 509 COVERS 1e43213 1.50 15v 22115 33p 7905 5 214 1'E- 90p IDC Meay 76p 7014 printer. Database package. 10 117650 245p TAR --^n 50p 5 2% 25-1309 MM., 193 6209 169 P591 'Cr nag Socket 04303,err.r 100 Discs, all manuals and cables_ LACCSK 169 TDAI412 150p 6 4 7' 120p _ . t,- 150 34. 3 201,1 7045tY., 1.14.31714 639 TL67 16p 6 4 r 1509 AS you require is a matte pow -e _ .2_ 2 3)5 145:2 50V 25wer CONNECTOR RS732 3.157.155 225 955p Irop Pb91 1.1,1317T 99p7.0105 - 5.4 SA 5939 7 5 3- 1E09 333,14 tY point to ha.e 1 up and rum: - 6409 Aoefee, Lead Cata9 Ammer, iP S POP charge to be added owe and 194323K 450976,412 125 .54 8 6 3- 210p 18- roes_ 5.-044 074.044f 535e n5094 170 17Sp711,0 4T-317696p 27 1.16v 130 ato.e our notr-al postal charge). 102337 10 4 3- 240p 125 s4r;. Sept F 52E, 17.1723 339 7342- .1M5:rt 24/ 7269 10 73' 2759 35 ' raw:. 00,:b-4 9, or--; V V 1025o 170 Only: £999 RC4194 375p 73540 220p ; 195% 171 403) 12 5 3- 260p 3E' 'on; Dc -he 1213 P.C41% 169 1225 B .r 255p ro-9.13.9..04 Eno,. V 9959 CMOS f.071 334M2 4372 33AM4 365 ISOLATORS OPTO AMPHENOLCONNECTORS 402,: 673 20456 250 OPTO ELEC- 11.74 16 LSIOCC 755 SPECTRUM 32K RAM 21 4CC: 4075 254538 70 TRONICS 11074 1416 120 24 way IEEE plops 463 4609 £752 20 676 604533 EC 11074 vs 96 24 wry IEEE skt 462 490p 676 70 ES UPGRADE KIT 37:27 2Sr.41 95 T11_111,214 20 35 nay Cert.:alive:5 4707 70 678 25 TL209 Ft 10 11017 125 195 (1104 37 -to 330p 40013 40 4I1211 Grn 14 4031 204544 150 203 Photo 239 M. way Cee-ucncs 04 4.90p 4509 4039 03 20 40 711212 Yd. 14 Darescpcn Upgrade your 16K SPECTRUM .0715 40 635 60 4509 390 TIL270 2- Red 12 4011 2o 4036 63 4063 210 2" C.w.o. Y45en cc to 48K. Full fitting instructions 4012 20 43E23 13)651 193 Amine 14 COMPUTER CORNER 61_3 30 4393 2S 465 so 02" B. c.,060. supplied. ONLY: £18 4014 53 694 70 4636 so Rod:Green IDC9 EPSON FIX130 FrT Printer 1219 615 40 4095 70 657 no r Velar. 1I50 EPSON FX80 Printer £316 4016 25 635 1004558 120 Tri theme 10 EPSON FX100 Printer (429 0017 45 4097 2604556 340 Red; &sent Team 85 4315 op 4396 70 /5 Brightne. Red 54 EPSON ..1X.80 Colour Printer tsn 45E0 110 ACCESS/VISA V7SA 41319 35 4009 1104561 104 Grin or 111 KAGA!TAXAN KP810 Printer £2.39 Orders 4320 SO 460 4562 350 NW:ow 63 KAGA/TAXAN KP910 Printer fr.s9 Just phone your 4121 55 4161 4566 19) Rasheng red 0 2- no 40 BROTHER HR15 Daisywheel (329 orders through. 4M2 80 410. 58 spire LEDs Rol 4565 E0 MI Cable for above printers to interface with BBC Micro £7 4023 20 1163 25 4599 175 Ceten. Teton es We do the rest TEX EPROM ERASER - Erases upto 25 Eproms- Has a bull- 4T-4 35 1174 334572 45 Reciacqle SLata.P.ee Tel: 0923 50234 4335 20 4175 105459) 755 LEDs. safety switch L30 405 90 4194 105 4561 125 Red. Green or Yea 18 SPARE 'UV" tamp bulb E8 4027 33 4408 850 456.25 SS Triarguto LEDs IR C12 Computer CASSETTES 01 Laxary cases 35p Red 18 47213 4439 8504583 100 Er 9 Fan Fold Paper I1E03 Steetsl.. _ E7 (Can. 150p1 4329 45 4410 Crean or lesTscor 22 BY, 725 40 (Secur,cor Carriage charg., on prime, s E7, SPECIAL OFFER 4320 20 LSI 1 7504585 ss 113271 Infra Rod 46 em1 to 1.412 935 4037 330 SF14 06 Demme. 118 sow ss 4415 59)4503 iss 1632 Infra Red 52 4333 130 =13 29)40036 so 'nos oetei... 145 50 250p 4034 4422 77040037 46 71138 51/4" DISK DRIVES 2764-250n S 4335 70 442 EEO43:03 42 111100 75 200p 4036 /46 993 4010) 21.5 846C-11APH, Red 6116LP-120nS 4337 115 4153 36) 40101 130 10 secyre-m 775 for the BBC Micro 580p 0M8 110 4451 353 40102 140 6264LP-150nS 4Ce3 770 /ego (All Drives are supplied cased with 450 40103 412 27128-250nS 400p .saio 45 4460 6754011,0 120 7 Segment Displays 4341 55 631 40 40105 no111312 3- CA Power Supply and Utilities Disc) 9742 4532 50 40106 40 TH313 3 -CC 120 csno - TEc Sing,, 1_ - 7- 115 4013 4533 45 40107 ss n 23215- CA 140 - ..27:-Jble sided L120 4044 so 4524 16340103 325 1113M 5- CC 140 CS200 -- Epson Si, 11172'730 140 2.1.1 Double sided 110 4526 35043109 1170 CS400S - 646 so 4536 'Co40110 235 01.704 3 CC 12s 40130 track switchat', L140 BBC MICROCOMPUTER Ei 4047 50 617 45 40114 240 01217 3 CA 12s c040o - Epson Twin 4:712K4130331..Double sided £189 114[M7 Red 133 4019 so 4506 11540161 194 CDEOOS - Mitsubishi Twin 800K, BOT. 40700 track switchable ACCESSORIES 40t9 7,405.10 133 25 4510 SO 4010 75 £265 only 285 667 25 4511 SO 40173 103 3GrrAte, CA 150 BBC Micro Model B 215 111 TWIN Disc Drive Case with Power Supply and Cables to house X.61 50 4512 SO 40174 75 Ceer CA We stock the full range of BBC ).trim perprierals, 150 4712 50 4513 1504016 75 2 1 Red CA ones own Drives E 35 150 Hardware Er Software Wee, Disc Drivels (Top quality £753 60 4514 1154)181 220 3--I Green CA II AR Single Drives with Powe- .s.:noty are supedied in a titan case for 3354 LCD rt Docs 40 Cumana EtMitsubishi).Diskettes. Printers, printer 70 4515 11540162 93 later 111[1115-kn of a secon.,1 335 LCD 6 D400 4475 Paper.InterfaceCable,DustCovers. Cassette 70 4516 5040)32 75 E7 (no VATI 4356 .1517 27540133 93 DFS Manua: Recorder fr Cassettes, Monitors. Connectors.'---- X.67 4518 9040194 70 made c.hr.,, Plugs ErSockets,. Plotter - 400 -1519 35 616 75 NEONS Tablet) EPROM Programm-y, Ughtpen Kit, .k - 030 70 4E20 SO 42214 16 RemanzAp.run!ea; 51/4" DISKETTES 651 MO441 110 Sideways ROM Board, EPROM Eraser. Mactur,eir 43245 196 Rad. Amber. Green30p ROM, The highly sophisticated Watford's 16K EEC_ 662 435 4522 1256257 196 REFLECTIVE Optc4 (Lifetime Warranty) 9? -3 80 7037373 220 Swath ripe 111139 269 DES, WORDWISE. BEEBCALC, Software lEductrc- 4366 :52? 6043715 220 SLOTTED Opood Swath 10 3M Diskettes Single Sided Double density - El3Appaation Er Gamest. BOOKS. etc. etc,. Please 43E7 230 4578 454514 596 saniar to RS Ccerp:s 20 10 3M EFskenes Double sided Double Density E24 SAE for our descripme leaflet. esti, 83 23513 '633 20 4530 93 ISecuricor Carriage on Driy,-s E71

7 elektor electronics october 1985 The 1000 viewdata terminals recentlyOf the total number of terminals, 41of the United Kingdom's three million ordered by a major British financial ser-per cent are now in homes, against 14home computer owners, and it will be vicescompany were the mostper cent in 1982. However, it is a faira test of the recent £250 000 television impressive example yet of the spreadassumption that the revenues are stilland press marketing campaign for of the medium into everyday use in thefar more biased towards business user. Prestel telesoftware to see whether United Kingdom. Viewdata has ceasedPrestel has had some notable inno-this customer base can be substan- to be a monolothic product, and isvations in the past 18 months: tially enlarged. now tailored to a series of individual Its Mailbox electronic mail serviceThese developments are in addition to marketplacessuch astraveland went national, after a trial period intheHomelinktelebanking service tourism, stock ordering, financial data,London. Some 40 000 messages arewhose software has been sold to the and software downloading where itsnow being sent each week, a figureCommonwealth Bank of Australia; the essential virtues of simplicity, network-that has been growing by 12 per centCitiservice of stock exchange, com- ing, and colour recommend it to non-weekly. modity market and other real time specialist users. PrestelFarmlink was launched,pricesthathas been runningfor Prestel, the viewdata system operated giving both local and national infor-several years; and the extensive travel by British Telecom, is the largest of themation, for example on crop problems,trade information that has character- private viewdata systems. weather, market prices and pest warn-ized Prestel since its inception, with There are other systems too that haveings. Through gateways to other com-5400 British travel agencies now using alwaysbeenoperatedbyprivateputers, the farmer can perform wagesthe service. companies, such as British Leyland'scalculations andrationformulationPrestel has found a more modest- (BL) car sales system, operated by itsanalysis. but commercially more realistic- computer bureau company Istel. Then A nationwide theatre ticket bookingplace than was originally anticipated in there are hybrids of the two, based on servicewasinauguratedby a the British market for electronic infor- private computers but connected toleading London ticket agency, Edwardsmation systems. But in assessing it,it the Prestel network viaa gatewayand Edwards. isnecessary to recognizeits wider computer link. Prestel Homefinder was launchedimpact: Viewdata in Britain Several major British tour operators specificallyforestate agents toAchievements have arrangements of that kind and so exchange details of houses for sale. It has created a more variegated far, Prestelhas 18suchexternal Home Computers United Kingdom market for gateways in operation. Perhaps the most successful singleviewdata. New markets servicesofarhasbeenPrestel It has produced technical standards So itis a mistake to equate UnitedMicrocomputing, based on subscrip- and standardization that have made Kingdom viewdata with Prestel alone,tionsforwhich home computerit possible for viewdata as a mode of just asitis wrong to condemn asowners can download* games andcomputing to spread to many new unrealistic the original, over -optimisticother software. In association with two areas. forecasts offive years ago for the telesoftware suppliers, Micronet 800 - Ithas triggered interest in view- spread of Prestel to every home. Thethe most popular single information datainalmostallindustrialised factisthatinBritainPrestel andprovider (IP) out of Prestel's 160 con-countries. Many of them, through their viewdata in general have long sincetracted IPs - and Viewfax 258, thisnationaltelecommunicationsauth- turnedtodifferentmarketsandservice has attracted about10 000orities (PTTs), have now adopted it as marketing objectives.Itis on thesesubscribers. part of their own systems. that the technology should be judged. This figure, while proof of the appeal of It was and is a test-bed for many Prestel itself continues to grow. At thethe service, is still only a small fraction new telecommunications services lastcountithad 48000 terminals which are now standard parts of the attached to its network and a database value added services business, such as of over 330 000 frames of information'A downloader isarelatively inexpensive electronicmail,tele-ordering,gate- (that is, screenfuls) on its computers. program that converts the data from the com- ways, and downloading. Despite the evident tribulations of itsputer being consulted into a suitable form for It has blazed the trail for British early years, it has been adding about the receiving (home) computer. Dovmloaders Telecom as an information and 10 000 new subscribers a year, andare commercially available for a number of popular computers, such as the BBC micro, value added services company, rather there are now signs of a demand by Sinclair Spectrum, Amstrad, C64, Electron, than a passive common carrier. the private as well as the business user. IBM, Apple, etc. Other countries experience viewdata

1 Fig. 1 Basic set-up for communication with the telephone network. The floppy at the left is only required for downloading software.

85108

TT z 1-7 _co

------

8 elektor electronics october 1985

Fig. 2 Through Presters Homelink system, customers can order. and pay for, goods in the shops from the comfort of their own homes.

differently.France has designeditsReservision for hotel reservations and access all kinds of local, national, and own system, technically incompatibleTeleordering for the book trade. international news and order and pay with Prestel, and has made it the cor-Drugs and Banks for a wide range of goods and services. nerstoneof itstelematicspro-In another area, the Baric computerClub 403 members talk back to the gramme. bureau has been helping to conductinformation source to order goods or Based on small black and white Minitelclinical trails of new drugs, by usingservices by way of a simple alpha- terminals, the basic viewdata networkviewdata as a way of collecting and numeric keyboard. is being created as a nationwide elec-collating test information from doctorsServices available include: armchair tronic telephone directory,replacingtaking part in the trials. grocer,butcher,greengrocer,tele- paper directoriesinthe home andBarclays Bank has its own in-houseflorist, telebetting, telebanking, gour- office.Thisisanimaginativebutstaff training scheme using viewdatamet food service, electronic cookbook, expensive approach, because it has toscreens, and the Bankers Automated motoring, gardening, education, jobs, be heavily subsidized by the PTT. Clearing Service (SACS) is using a library enquiries, and news pages. About 300 000 Minitels are now in use, private system supplied by Rediffusion The most popular service is the "arm- and over a million more are on order.to cope with the problem of redirecting chair grocer" which provides details of The long run objective is that manyback to its client banks queries thatalmost 10 000 products from a local other electronic information and trans-arise out of the millions of bankinghypermarket. A catalogue is issued to action services will be offered over thetransactions processed electronically. members listing the available products network,and, asintheUnitedThe Bank of Scotland, in conjunctionwith an individual code number. Kingdom, there is early evidence ofwith Prestel,has been operating a A member selectstheitems she business rather than domestic usageHome Banking service throughout the wishestoorder by keyinginthe of the system, such as in banking. UK since last year. appropriate code. A shopping list of Substantial Use Thisserviceenablesprivateand goods required on a regular basis can West Germany has not taken the elec- businesscustomerstocheck anybe stored on the computer and used tronic telephone directory route, butaspect of their accounts, pay bills, and every time. Goods ordered are con- has commissioned IBM to supply a transfer money seven days a week, vir- firmed by products description, price, nationwide viewdata system derivedtually round the clock. and quantity on the television screen. originally from Prestel. This has suf-There is also a special Home Er Office The orders are received by the hyper- fered technical delays, but has nowBanking Investment Account: a high - market, printed out, and sorted into a been formally launched. interest bank account into which funds picking order to speed the collection of Forecasts of its growth (as with Prestelcan be put that are not required forgoods for packing. The grocery order inits early years) have varied enor-immediate use. is then despatched to the member's mously, although the West GermanArmchair shopping home. PTT, the Bundespost, is saying that itClub 403, an "armchair shopping ser- It is fair to observe that in the United will have one million customers by thevice" operated by Viewtel Services Ltd States of America, where other styles end of 1986. Others think it may be afrom Birmingham, could be adapted of computer networking have become fifth of that figure. for use inAustralia, New Zealand, firmly established, the European idea ButitseemsclearthatinWestCanada and the USA. of viewdata has not yet caught on. Germany, as in France, viewdata will Potential purchasers from these Viewtron, a service begun in Florida, achieve substantial use, thanks to thecountrieshave beenamongthe has had to lay off staff after a poor impetus given to it by the national PTT. overseas visitors to Club 403 during its take-up. It is also true that Canada has The British viewdata marketplace istwo-year trial with 1000 members. Fol-not had much commercial success not so unified. Alongside and inter-lowing successful completion of the with its own viewdata design, known mingled with Prestel are the privatemarket test, Club 403 is now operating as Telidon, which is strong on graphics systems,oftenoperatedby majoron a commercial basis in conjunction but very expensive. trading companies. Examples are thewith Prestel. It would be false, therefore, to pretend information networks for dealers oper-The service is aimed at people who do that viewdata or any other form of ated by two major motor manufac-not have the time or transport to visitelectronicinformationsystemwill turers,or the stock control systemthe supermarket themselves, and for meet all home and business needs. operated by the Debenhams depart- the elderly or disabled for whom shop- The results of using such a system will ment store group. ping is physically impossible. also vary from country to country. But Other systems are run by large com-Club 403isa package ofregularlywhat has been shown by Prestel and puter bureau houses such as Thornupdated news, information and ser-viewdata generallyisthatithas a EMI's subsidiary, Datasolve. This hasvices available for the consumer atrightful place among the technologies several tele-ordering services operating home. Using the latest technology aof the electronic informationera. through aPrestel gateway, notablyspecially equipped television set can (LPS)

9 elektor electronics october 1985

No. elabyrinth 1 x 2716 EPROM 527 8.40 16 75 readers'services EPROM copier 1 x 2716 EPROM 528 8.40 16.75 analytical video display Printed -circuit boards, front panels. BOOK SERVICE 1 x 82523 EPROM 529 10.50 21.00 and software are obtainable from our typewriter interface 2 2716 EPROM 530 16130 33.50 London office. eP controBed frequency meter Software may also be ordered from The following books are currently available: 1 7732 EPROM 531 10.50 21.00 these may be ordered from certain elec- X -v Technomatic Limited. 1 :ri2 EPROM 532 10.50 21.E-0 tronics retailers or bookshops, or direct tenet For all orders, please use the relevant from our London office. 1 535 10.50 21.00 order card provided opposite. Please 1. 2732 EPROM 536 allow 6/8 weeks for delivery. Dxgbu,sk (with PCB) ... ______..- £6.30 10.50 21.03 300 Circuits automate your E5.80 model raaway Prices in sterling include 15 per cent Formant 111 (incl. cassette) £6.30 i 2716 EPP.O?.4 537 value added tax, and should be in- SC/MPuter (11 05.80 10.50 21.00 SC/MPuter 121. 'name cern:puler £5.80 1 2716 EPROM 538 10.50 creased by 55p (UK only) or E 1.10 Junior Computer Ill £6.90 21.07 (other countries, except the USA) for Junior Computer 12) . .f6.90 postage and packing. Junior Computer 131 £6.90 Junior Computer 141 £6.90 PRINTED CIRCUIT SERVICE Prices in dollars are exclusive of any TV Games Computer E7.10 Res; & Trans. (1) taxes, and include postage Et packing £6.10 Rest & Transi (21 04.80 The following list shows the printed cir- for surface mail. If airmail is required, 33 Bectronic Games E4.80 please add $ 1.50. 301 Circuits £6.80 cuits pertaining to projects published Data Sheet Book £8.40 within the last six months and which are Paperware 1 . .C2.10 currently available. Paperware 2 £2.10 Paperware 3 £2.70 SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE Paperware 4 £2.80 No. Microprocessor Hardware E7.90 APRIL 1985 VIA 6522 E3.50 real-time clock 84094 6.70 13.50 Subscription rates for one year (11 issues: Extended Preset Unit for the Polyphonic fast cuckoo in spring 85016 4 70 9.50 July,August is a double issue) are: Synthesiser (photo copy) (1.60 X -Y plotter 85020 12.50 25.00 Automate your model railway 06.25 fight -powered radio United Kingdom £13.50 85042 3.00 6.00 Starting electronics Vol. 1. .. E4.70 re.oluzion counter 59713 6_10 12.25 USA!Canada surface mail $31.00 Projects for your horre workshop . . (4.95 10 A power supply 85044 675 13.50 airmail $60.00 Projects for cars and bicycles £4.95 Projects for amateur photographers . _ _ _ _ E4.95 MAY 1985 Other countries surface mail E15.50 Projects for t.orne and garden .. _ . ______. £4.95 erograrnmaNe timer 85047-1 7.10 14.25 airmail £30.00 302 Circuits - £6.80 85317-2 710 14.25 Infocards fin cassette) .83.50 glow plug modulator 85053 340 6.75 Bektor binder .£3.10 automormor 55054 4.40 8.75 unnerwil I:0 bus 85068 10.10 20.25 TECHNICAL QUERIES SERVICE ifigitirer 8501. 4.10 8.25 Readers experiencing difficulties in the con- FRONT PANEL SERVICE JUNE 1985 struction of projects published in Rektor tare burst generator 85067 2.90 5.75 No. infra -red micrewnent detector 85464 7.35 11.03 Electronicswithin the last three years may RAM used as EPROM 850, 2_80 425 PrecSion power supply 1E92182178 F 2.50 5.00 autoseevice timer 85072 8_90 13.25 write for advice to our London office. Prelude (E94 .E961 83022-F' 4.40 8.75 Please note that we can only answer letters 1..1a_estrn 131.61-F 4.93 975 JULY/AUGUST 1985 that are accompanied by a stamped. self- _ 84012.F 5.20 10.50 panto displays Ko4131 12 40 24.75 84024-F 7.80 15.50 Ke413-2 493 9.75 addressed envelope or an International : "'dem 84031-F 4.53 9.00 85413-3 3.70 7.50 Reply Coupon. Owing to possible delays in - : 84037.F' 4.60 9.25 audio tester -_ 85423 3.55 7.03 our contact with the relevant designer, it eeetuency meter 84037.F 10.50 21.00 hf fi headphone amplifier 85131 3.35 6.75 Jertrarer 84111-F may, unfortunately. take 8 to 10 weeks 5.00 10.03 lead -acid battery charger Etst-te 2.75 5.53 programmable toner 85047-F 14.93 before you receive our reply. 22.25 improved logic probe 854-17 2.50 5.03 light barrier 65449 4.35 8.75 microphone pre -amplifier with SOFTWARE SERVICE mute switch - syrren. 85450-1 3.05 6.00 BACK NUMBER SERVICE - asymm. 85450-2 2.95 575 discorria. 85463 11 23.75 6602 tracer 85405 285 5.75 uP TV games on cassette No. $ 15 programs. jackpot, sound levelind*ator 85170-1 4.00 8E0 Only the back numbers listed below are currently 13.00 avaeable. revere., amarone, Fre470-2 655 twin dander 854E0 code breaker, etc 007' 2.75 5.50 Prees are as follows - 5.50 11_03 model railway monitor panel 85493 3.70 7.50 any one issue (except July/August) C 1.50 15 programs: inredos, fishing, mare adventure. July, August (Summer Circuits) 3.CO SEPTEMBER 1985 memory. pontoon, ram, etc -009 6.90 Prices include postage and packing. For overseas 13.75 RS232 interface 85073 395 6.00 orders requiring aimaa postage add C 1.50 per issue 15 programs: aliens. flipper. h.e.copter, plot. solid-state relay 85081 2.15 3.25 (£ 2.00 for July:Augustl. intruder alarm fre0831 1978: February; June. basketball. hangman etc. 010' 8.25 12.50 6 90 13.75 35083-2 245 3.75 1979- October,: November. 15 programs: snakes & lad- frequency standard 86032 4.00 6.00 1881 February: September; October; November; ders. snap. mazes, break-out, horse races, cosmic adven- December. OCTOBER 1985 ture, Omega landing etc 011 6.90 13.75 1931: February, Apri; May; September. hand-held anemometer Friel 9.70 14.50 1982: Septernbie; October; November. Software nn EPROMS stage fghting 85097 1 6.15 9.25 1963: January; February; Apri; May; July/August; 85097-2 6.35 9.50 September; Octobra; November: December. worn corr.cuICI sound rotator Kitt% 5.70 8.50 1984: January, February; March; Apra; May: June. July;August: September; October; November 2716 EPROM 514 8.40 16.75 December. dark room computer ext. 19&5 January; February; Ketch: Apri; May: June; I x 2716 EPROM 514 t4 8.40 16_75 July. August; September. DOS software 1 x uurt EPROM 515 5.30 10,50 taIktng Cif 1 x 2716 EPROM 516 840 16.75 ELEKTERMINAL elekterminal COPY SERVICE x 2716 EPROM 517 8.40 16.75 morse program for the Juroor Computer 1 a 2716 EPROM 518 8_40 16.75 Photocopies of artic.cls can only be suppled from out - trier program for the Junior of print back issues of Bello: Electronics. State details of Computer 1 x 2716 EPROM 519 8.40 16.75 the article reqoired, and the month of pubbcation of the ASCII keysoft back *sue containag the article together with your name 1 x 2716 EPROM 520 8.40 16.75 and address on the relevant order card opposite. Cast of character generator and any one article is E 1.50 find p&p). Cost of additional video routines for DOS Junior articles (ordered at the same time) s E 1.30 (ind_ p&p]. 1 . 2732 1 .2716 EPROMS 521 1850 37 75 character generator and video routines for extended' Junior 1 x 2732 - 2 x 2716 EPROMS 522 27.30 51.53 character generator 1 x 2732 EPROM 523 10.50 21.00 quantisizer 1 a 2716 EPROM 524 840 16.75 universal terminal In limited supply only; their availability 1 a 2732 EPROM 10.50 21G0 wind direction indicator at the time your order is received 1 x 2716 EPROM 8 40 16.75 cannot be guaranteed.

10 elektor electronics october 1935 PRINTED CIRCUIT SERVICE readers' services The followinglistis complementary to theoneontheoppositepage and No. E No. DECEMBER 1882 MARCH 1984 shov.s theprinted circuits relating precsron power supp4 821:5 5.30 10.59 triac control board 84019 6.10 12.25 triotoodus el,xtrus didopirs to projects which were published more tha 62179 390 7.75 Elatrointh 81023.1 5.00 10 00 crescendo 82180 12.5 six months ago. Those marked with a 6.10 84023-2 4.40 8.75 asterisk are in limited supply only and the real-time analyser 83024-1 5.05 10_00 JANUARY 1983 33024 2 4.30 8_50 availability at the time your order is receive 3 A computer UHF video modulator 84029 3.40 6.75 cannot be guaranteed. power supply 83032 2.40 4.75 ohmmeter 83006 250 5.00 creszendo d.c. protection APRIL 1984 3rd countdown 85318 4.ex) 8.G) intaigent No. E $ OCTOBER 1978 EPROM eraser 84017 530 1059 VHPUHF modulator 5967' 2_10 4.25 FEBRUARY 1983 real-time analyser 84024-3 15.50 31.00 Prelude 840724.4 21.60 4325 variable a.c. DECEMBER 1978 headphone amplifier 83022-7' 5.40 10.75 g3022.8. Powcr 84035 2_90 5,75 PrWkteirminal 9965' 990 t9.75 power supply 4.90 9.75 connection board 83022-9' 7 53 15.50 pulse generator 84037-1' 6.40 1275 main beam dimmer 83028 2.00 4.00 84037-2' 7.70 15.50 SEPTEMBER 1979 parametric equalizer MARCH 1963 MAY 1984 tone control section 9897 2' 220 4_50 64 k card 83014 7_53 15-50 real-time analyser 84024.5 4.83 9.50 Prelude video display 81024-6 8.00 16.00 bus board 83022-1' 15 20 30.50 short wave pocket radio 84040' 6.30 12_50 NOVEMBER 1979 Ene amplifier E5322-6' 6.3) 12.50 mini cresr._%mido 84041 6.50 13.03 busboard 98024 7.70 15_50 audio trek lights 8302210' 2_80 5-50 switching posses supply 94049 4.03 8.00 luxmeter 83037 270 5.50 JUNE 1984 MAY 1980 APRIL 1983 Junior computer portable distress signal 84048 3-30 6.50 programmable darkroom main board 80089-1' 16-60 33_35 ZX extensions 84054 3.85 8.00 tuner 82048 5.50 11.00 daisywhed typewriter printer cfsplay board 80089-2' 1 80 3_50 Prelude supply board 80@39-3' 4.00 8.00 interface 84055 5.15 10.50 prepreamplifier 83022-2' 5.30 10.50 echo sounder 81106 1' 5.03 10.03 MM preamplifier 83022-3' 6.51 13.00 640 2' 5.95 12.03 FEBRUARY 1981 Interlude remote control FM wireless microphone voiced 'unvoiced detector preamp 83022-4' 4.9) 9.75 transmitter 3-85 7.75 tone control 830Z2-5" 5.10 10.25 detector board 81027-1' 3.60 725 receiver 83087 3.03 6.00 7 day tarter "controGer 83041 11 50 switch board 81027-2' 4-30 8.50 5.70

MAY 1983 JULY/AUGUST 1984 JUNE 1981 Maestro 83051-1 2.70 5.50 microcomputer power supply Junior Computer Watt meter 82052- 3.80 7.50 protecnon 84408 2.45 5.00 12 V supply 81033-2' 1_50 3.75 mass converter 83354 3.30 6.50 economic& motor drive 84427 2_55 500 adaptor board 81033 3' 1-70 3.50 ASCII keyboard 83058 21.60 43.25 fridge alarm 84437 2.55 5.00 VHF -AM as -band converter 84439 375 7.50 RS 232 arp.alysef 84452 3.45 700 SEPTEMBER 1961 JUNE 1983 musical doorbeil 84457 3-05 6.10 o-ght ccntro*er 81155' 4.20 8.50 Maestro (pad 21 83051 2 16.60 33.25 frequency meter 8-1462 5_50 1103 fiF7.1-Did.1 81156' 5.60 11.25 energy meter 83E67 3.60 7.25 uP power supply. 84477 5-95 12.00 8117P 6.40 12.50 sec -anon do play later board 83071-1 4.20 825 SEPTEMBER 1984 control board 83071-2 4 10 825 E. -Notre -Mc cross over NOVEMBER 1981 display board 83071.3 4.00 8.00 filter 84071 5_95 1/00 Power supply 9968 5A 1.90 3.75 SCART adapter 84072 3.55 7_03 high boost 82028- 2.50 5.00 JULY/AUGUST 1983 lamp saver 84073 2.55 5.00 Crtherrriarriezer 83410 3.60 7.25 84083 2.40 4.75 Ititiling running light 83503 2.40 4.75 digital tachometer 84079-1 3.40 7.00 DECEMBER 1981 ,Processor aid 83515 290 5.75 84079-2 4.5) 9.25 70 cm trarsverter fOct.1 53133 16.50 33.00 simple DiA converter 83558 2.50 5.00 flash counter 84081 4-35 8.75 VHF: UHF converter board 9864 2.30 4.50 heat sink temperature direct -coupled modern flashing Light E2038' 2.10 4.25 indicator 83553 2.10 4.25 design 84031 17.85 35.75 ZX81 pulse cleaner 84075 4.9) 9.00 RS232 cenuanix adapter 84078 660 SEPTEMBER 1983 &TEA 12.25 JANUARY 1982 alarm extension video inerter 4.06 8.03 ePectrortic chars E2046' /10 4.25 transmitter board 83'059-1 3,50 7.03 receiver board 827x'9-2 3.40 6.75 VDU card 8382 13.40 26 75 OCTOBER 1534 FEBRUARY 1982 personal FM 83087 3-00 6.00 ZX81 p..Se cleaner 84075 4.50 9.00 universal liiCad charger 132070 280 5-50 RS232 centronix adapter 84078 6.60 12.. video. inverter 84034 4.05 8.03 OCTOBER 1983 APRIL 1982 bar interface for the NOVEMBER 1984 83101 2 2.00 4.00 dynarm: R.411.1 card 82017 11100 20.0) Junior Computer burglar alarm 230 5.50 103 W amplifier 82039-1' 3.40 6.75 cosmetics for FSK sigmals 83106 3.60 7.25 autcxfirn 84096 2.65 525 simple anemometer min,EPROM card E2093' 2_20 4.50 teiephase 84100 2.50 500 memory board 83103-1' 4_80 9.50 TV as monitor 34101 2.70 5.50 measunna board 83103-2' /OD 4.00 mini printer 84106 7.45 15_00 MAY 1982 25) A CPU card 82105 9.30 18.50 NOVEMBER 1983 DECEMBER 1984 bus board 80024 7.70 15.50 tine svolch 84107 2.75 550 elo..-troric metronome 83107-1' 3.60 725 function generator 84111 8.15 16 25 JUNE 1982 83107-2' 2.10 4/5 give your soldering tip Car aLum 82091' 330 6.00 CPU card 831C81 9.20 18.50 a longer Me 84112 2.60 5..n electronic fluorescent Gant 83108-2 5.70 11.53 computer -controlled starter E2133' 1.80 3-50 speed controller for model slide fader 84115-1 11.30 22.50 raaway 83110 4.30 8.50 84115-2 6-95 14.00 slat -car oanuolic-r 84130 3.90 7.75 SUMMER CIRCUITS 1332 tight-sensitme switch 82E03' 2.10 425 DECEMBER 1983 JANUARY 1985 5 V power supply 82570 2.93 5.75 64 -way bus extender board 83102 10.60 2125 rumble detector 84109 315 6.25 disco phase, 83120 1' 5.60 11.25 portable guitar amplifier 84128 5.60 11-25 83120-2' 3.50 7_00 30 watt output stage M301 3.50 7.03 E139: SEPTEMBER 1982 syrnmetrk-al power supply 83121 4.88 9_50 VHF/UHF modulator 85002 250 500 darkroom computer part I frost warner 83123 2450 5.03 Commodore r,,,,nne interface 85010 290 5.75 keyboard 82141.1 4_90 9.75 uP.controlod frequency meter keyboard interface EG141.2' 2.70 5.50 JANUARY 1984 main board 85013 11.55 23.00 6.00 display E2141-3 3.00 audio errbePisher 83133-1 3.10 6.25 display board 85014 4.70 9.50 three phase tester 82577 3.50 7_00 83133.2' 4.40 8.75 crystal oscillator 85015 2.40 4.75 M133-3 3.70 7.50 digital raccpt-te recorder 83134 5.53 11,03 FEBRUARY 1985 OCTOBER 1982 13.50 RLC meter 134102 7.15 14.25 darkroom computer part II wind direction indicator 134001 6.70 how accurate is your watch 34005-1 4.60 9 25 input stage for the fight meter 82142-1 2.30 4_50 84005-2 4.40 8.75 frequency counter 853:6 4.65 9.25 2.10 4_25 temperature meter E2142-2 EPROM switchboard 88(07 3.45 7.00 process timer 82142-3 2.70 5.50 FEBRUARY 1984 symmetrical microphone wave shifter for SSB, amplifier 85009 2.85 5.75 low frequency converter 62161-1 2.70 5.50 video sync box 83124 2E0 5.50 high frequency converter 82161-2 3.00 6.00 programmable disco Gaht display 84C07 10.30 20_50 MARCH 1985 84037-2 3.90 7.75 versatie up;down counter 85019 3.15 6 25 NOVEMBER 1982 rev counter for diesels 8409 2 CIO 4.00 darknesssen,Otne Tight switch 85021 2.80 525 model train lighting 62157 5.40 10.75 capacitance meter 84012-1 5.33 10.50 pH meter 85124 4.85 9.75 84012-2 3.10 625 K117 scanner 55025 3.95 8.00 video combiner 84018 2_70 5.50 AXL amplifier 55027 7.10 1425

11 etektor electronics october 1985 advertisement . Back numbers of ElektorElectronics

E34. February 1978 CurtainCommit/FridgeAlarm; E93. January 1933 Reverser.' Frost Warning Device/ 6114. October 1984 Infra -redLight Gate/Throwing Know the ins and outs of your Mirehrnmeteriaccessones for the Disco Phaser/Banking Program/ TreeSInCidd01. -fastirn- Some Light on LEDs/Formant - CentralHeatingsystem/Energy Crescendo power amplifier/Dark- NOV-RAM: Data Storage without pressions/Basicode-2/Tunirg theElektorMusicSynthesiser Saving Motor Control/Coffee room computerbias/CW(3sfor Batteries /Bus Extension Fork /Balancing Transformers Id /Slow on/off /CMOS Function Machine Switch/Operational chgrtalaudio ? 3 A computes Cumulative index 1933_ ,VideocolourInverter/Program. Generator/Zee, /Tester/ Develop- Hours Counter. supplyiTralfictightcontrolsys- 105. January 1984 mug the6845/2)(81Cassette menttimer/Experimentingwith tem / Tomorrow's music / Upper Pulse Cleaner/Direct-coupled the SC/MP 141. and lower case on the Bekter- Gyrophone: How accurate is your E68. December 1980 watcP/ Digital Cassette Re- Modern/ minal. Battery Tester/RS232 centrs^ :s 638. June 1978 Canned Circuits: 23 of the best en- corder?Audio Signal Embellisher/ tries which include Midnight Raid Converter/Dynamic Pre -am ; tiGHt Counter: Constant Amer, 694. February 1983 Universal Active Eater/from Ther- Detector/A 'Flash in the Can'; mometertoTIra.....9t9t/Aude tude Squarewave to Sawtooth Canometer/Canine Defence. Prelude part1 /VAM - video/ Converter Servo Polarity audio modulator/Main beam dim Sleuth at work/ Wind Direction In- changer.Monopoly Dice /Mini mer/Preude class A headphone dicator/Z80 EPROM programmer/ Counter / Digital clock Using the amprifer Fuse protector/Acoustic Home-made tow -cost Wiring Pro- SC/MP/Programmable Cal Gen - telephone modem/Double dice/ be. Address denting. meta!'r TV Sound Modulator/ Chips for Metal audio part 2_ E106. February 1964 Automatic Stereo Switch/Traffic 6502 Tracer/Diesel Tachometer/ Light controillerEasy Music. E96. April 1983 Programmable Disco Display

Low power digitaltl . eter: Lights! Video Combiner/ Dgitester E54, October 1979 MC MM phoriopreamp /Mem- with a ddlerence Reversing Touch Tuning/Battey Saver/Im- switches / Interlude/RC Buz_zer:Memory toning/Mating pedance Bridge/New Programs cz aer/7 -day timer con- Logic Families/ Capacitance for the SCi MP/Digital Rev Coun- y Junior programtester/ Meter/Basicade 2 for Junior plus ter ?DigifaradiShon-interval Light _de (pan 31/Programmable VDU Card/Constant Voltage Switch/PCBforVariableFuzz ca room timer/Talking clock ex. Source/CS ChipSelekt/Video Box/Gate-dipper/StrainGaugell Sync Box. Played TV Games/Programmable Sequencer. 6107. March 1984 Petrol Saver/Triac Control Board' E55. November 1979 UHF Video and Audio Modulator: 6115. November 1984 Toparrips!FleshSequencer/ Bee- GET Er GO/Batrynnth/VariStor The Story of Valves/Autoem ProtectionCircuits / Real -Time MiniPrinter/BurglarDeterrent trorinic. s the Easiest Way/Remote E70. February 1981 control Motor Switch/Home analyser fpart 1l/Applicator/Tape How to make your own PCBs Traineriftel Economiser/I Played Audio Power Meter/Noise Reduc- Timer. RS232!V24: the Sigr-alsi Use yov TV Game, I21/Shortwave con- tion/Process Turner/High voltage 6108. April 1984 TV Receiver as a Monitor/Tee- from 723/Juniors Growing Up! pheserValve Amplifiu,Becuor. vete ,'Ionosphere/Low Voltage The Optical MemoriesiControffina the Voiced/UnvoicedDetec- Floppy.disk DriveMotor: Pulse Gas Meter. Dinner/1 See your Pent,Seno- tor/Emergency conuoried Motor. Brakeforthe Generator/Using the Pulse Geier. E117. January 1986 Power Supply! 150 W DC to DC ator/Intelligent EPROM Eraser, Corrnnirkee Cassette Inter- E58. February 1980 Convene for the Car/Low Noise 2 280 simulator/Metronome Ertel. face/VHF/UHFModulator/Port Metre Pre-Amp/2% Digit DVM/ Aerial Booster- Fet °perms in the sion/Ree-time analyr,part 2/ able Guitar Amplifier/30 watt al Formant/ TV Interference Sup. Wagneuhun. Variable A.G. Power supply? Nast Output Stage/JSR swap/Rurnble pression Elektor Vocoder 121/ Chip Seekt /Tape Contents Detec DetectorluP-controlled Frequent-, AerialArnphfiers Digisplayi E72. April 1981 tor. Mete/Switching Radio Comic Analogue Delay Technology / Ex- Transistor Match-maker/Universe Channels_ tendingthe %i GHzCounter/ PowerSuppfy/Intelekt?Humiditr 6118, February 1985 Digital TIreniaiineter. Sensor/Logic Analyser II/Crystal- elel4tor_- Gyroftash/1.2 OH: Input Stage controlled Stroboscope/Junior E97: May 1983 Microphone Preamplrferl Remote Cookbook. WatutieterlASCIIkeyboard Fr.:, Model Control by Microcomputer electronics DIY lode p.s. /Multitester/Ma.:: Connector/Programmab E73, May 1981 Rhythm Box/EPROM lean 11/What is power?/Pare e.- Setec Camping Clock/Frequency serial keyboard convener -Muse tor/Receiver Power from Eng,- Doubler/The Fully Fledged Junior converter./78L voltage regulators Battery /RLC Meter /Program - ComputertTektoComputers/ ...and 79L /Morse decoding with mottle Keyboard Encoder. ChokeAlarm/BarCodes: Logic to 280A. I 6119. March 1985 Analyser/ Waveform Generator/ K.I.T.T_ Scanner:AXL Amp! - Sophisticated softwareforthe E99/100, July/August 1983 fierlpHMeter/Turnout(points JuniorComputer?Reading Bar Control/New Keyboard for Spec Codes Summer CircuitsDoubleIssue =111111.111119117111111111111111111i. containing over 100 projects. trum/19 kHz Precision Cal E77. September 1981 littla. &.µy brator/Versatie Counter C,- E101, September 1983 sbacialme packed ctit/Darkness-sensitive Ligh: DFM -DVM.'Revolution Coun- S amp aniallslag pamper Video Graphics/Autotest/64k on Switch / mi Active Loud ter/DigitalBarometer/dBCon- ortacmalla verterTV Games Extended/Disco the 16k Dynamic RAM Card/high- speaker/Transistor Unitester. Lights ControSer/ClUAD ESL 63/ %reedcmosrvouCard /Personal E120. April 1985 Analogue LED Display/Volt/Am- FM/PrecisionVoltageDivider 9109, May 1984 Light -poweredfiaifolRevolutio- meter for Power Suptali/ Chatter- alarm Exton:Wm/Janie Syn- Nose SquetchiSOort-v.z. CountertX-YPlotter/The Firs: ing Chips/Transistor Ignition thesizer/Simple MOSFET Ten. Pocket Radio/Floppy Tee:: Cuckoo in Spring/Real-time E65. September 1980 Update/Soldering Aluminium. 6102. October 1983 SwitchingPowerSupply/Ar.,- for Micros/l0 A Power 8K RAM e 4.8 or 16K EPROM on Basil -ore -2 Music Ctuantisizeri lytical Video Display/Aviary Ilium. Supply/Stepping Motors. E89. September 1982 Solid-state nation/How many Watts?/Mini E121, May 1985 aSingle Card/Precision Power DarkroomLighting/ Crescendo/a look at EXOR and Unit/ Bectronic Linear The. Gas Detector/Rapid Watling High -voltage Regulator/ Anem- A/D and Dal ConversioniPre Games/ The Bektor Connection/ ometer / Programmable Power EXNOR Gates/EPROM Copier? granunable Timer/UniversalI/ .0 mometeThe Josephson Corn- DigitalCassette puterNOX Printed Circuit Board.' Inductive Sensor/Darkroom Com- Supply/ Basica:le-2 Interfacefor Recorderre. Bus/an IBM Compatible Micrc puter Pan 1 /Apptikator/ Home the Junior ComputeriEtectronic visited/ Real-time Analyser. Ilnuol/Glow PlugModulator Elektor:Measuring Multi/sally/ part 3/ RS423 Interface. High Speed Readout for Bektes- Telephone System/Synthesised Voltage Regulator i Battery Digitizer/Programmable Ana. Logic/ Automonitor / Panorama mine Musical Box? Beam/bio- Sound Animation/Time Receiver Eliminator/Transistor Selec-- 6110. June 1984 logy:Curve Tracer/ Using the for the Rugby MSF; Three Phase tor: FSKleaner/EPROMrner using Portable Distress Signal/ZX Exten- Mixer. Vocoder. Tester. the Junior Computer. sions/Disco DrurniDaisywheel 6122, June 1985 ToneBurst E93. October 1982 6103. November 1983 Typewriter Printer Interface/Maxi- Gereratelnfrares: 668, October 1980 Doorbell mum aridMinimum Memory! Movement Detector/an IBM Com DSB Derriodulatoril.C.D. The- -ortelephone- MicreRAMused Programmable Slide Fader/Touch mameter/UhraSonic operatedflashhight:Power-Con- Lead -acid Battery Charger/Wire- Pebble as Distance less Microphone Merging BASIC EPROM/Service Interval Times Doorbell -Switched Capacitors.' Measurement/ Bectrolytics Run troller for Model Railways/ More TV Games, The Junior Corn Dry/Darkroom Decoupling in Digital Circuits:CPU Programs! Echo Sounder: Ver- Electric Pantograph/Digital Osc Computer Part Iators'The Short puler Memory Card. Remote Can - 2/Short Wave Band Shifting for Card ?Decimalto :BinaryCon- satile Audio Peak Meter. Search/Al- 1101 Slide Projector; Video Pattern E111/E112, July/August 1984 phanumeric Display,Solar Bat SSB Receiver/16 Channels with verter/Movernent IletecteElec- wry:Computer Eye. Generator/ LCDTuningScale/ only Fore ICs/Pre-amp for the SSB Ironic two-tone Metronome/ Summer CircuitsDoubt Issue Dual Slide Faders Receiver/Active Aerial/Tranestor PseudoStereo/Universal Ter- containing over 100 projects. 6123/124. July/August 1985 and IC Data. minal/Ultrasonic/Infrared Bar- E113 September 1984 Summer Circuits DoubleIssi:- E67. November 1980 rier/Trick battery/Crescendo DataCommunicationbyTele- Contaming OW/ 100project. An r.p.m. Indicator as an Econ- E91. November 1982 revisited. phonefActivecross -overFilter; omyGuide/DraughtDetector: Drum InterlaceiTatking Dice/ 6104. December 1983 Dio;tf Recorder with the E125. September 1935 How to Recycle Dry Cell Batteries! Mode' Train Intruder Alarm/Sod-4-state Ree. Lighting/Guitar 64 -way 2 -dimensional Bus ZXr,"= = Digital Tatha- PL.Mt Energy Saving Know-how/ Simple TuneriCerberusiFloppy DiscIn- Board/MF/HF USB Mane Re- m :CART Adapter; Loudspeaker High resc. fuelEconomy Meter! Automatic anon Colour Graphics Car- d;Fi, terfacefortheJunior/Cubular ceiver/LED Ornaments/Symmetri- A- - ,m.,mum 1 Lamp Pump Control/LongLife Tech- Bell/Mini-Organ Extension/Kit- cal Power Supply: Video Sa. - , -sided PrintedCs,- quency Standard, Cleaning Vide: nique inLight Bulbs/ Automatic chen Timer. Arnold-iv./LocomotiveHeadlamp c4,t Recorders. RS232 Interface. A selection of back numbers of Elektor Electronics currently available is detailed above, with a brief description of their contents. Send for your copies now, using the pre -paid Order Card between pages 10 and 11. Price are as follows: any one issue (except July/August) £ 1.50 July/August (Summer Circuits) £ 3.00 Prices include postage and packing. Overseas orders requiring airmail postage add £ 1.50 per issue (£ 2.00 for July/August issue) (Prices subject to change without notice) advertisement elektor electronics october 1985

QUALITY COMPONENTS FROM CRICKLEWOOD! This list contains only a FRACTION OF OUR STOCK, which is constantly being updated. Prices quoted 117_11 are for "oneoffs"-quantity discounts by negotiation. Official orders from Schools, ,TD op Colleges Govt. Dept etc welcomed. WE SPECIALISE IN CREDIT CARD PHONE ORDERS. A quick call will chock stock position and cu rent prices. Add 60p p&p CRIB ,-15% VAT to all orders. All in -stock items despatched same day unless notified. 40 CRICI(LEWOOD BROADWAY

ffFR LONDON NW2 3ET PRICES SUBJECT =E3IIM ..._ FoEsE CAT TO CHANGE ASKING 01-452 0161'01-450 0995 TIx:914977

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13 elektor electronics october 1985 of computing, and by young children. The program willbe published by electronics Oxford University Press scene in1986 at around E500 in the form of a case - bounduser'sguide andreference manual with a suite of programs on floppy discs.

Mole saves British Telecom £10 million a year A £100 device that could save about £10 million a year in maintenance costs has won itsinventorfirstprizein British Telecom's New Ideas Com- petition. Ernie Huggins, a 59 year old assistant executive engineer, worked for two years in his spare time to conceive the Mole, an electronic locator which can pinpoint faults in underground cables simply and accurately. It reduces the number of holes that have to be dug for each fault from five to two, saving money and reducing disruption to the public. There are already 3000 Moles in use by British Telecom throughout the UK, In an age of sophisticated high technology, the power supply that keeps a tiny Scottish island's telephones ringing comes from something as simple and basic as water. Theand licences are being arranged for its fifteen British Telecom customers who are inhabitants of Rhum, off Scotland's westmanufacture and sale throughout the coast, are served by an exchange whose generator is powered by water from a man-world - made dam. Runner -up was Jed Isbell, a 29 year old Photograph by courtesy of British Telecom. manager from London, who devised a testing system that will make British Telecom's Packet SwitchStream net- work even more reliable. Pictures by telephone lines and the effects of disturbance on the line are minimal. Normal conversationHighly commended were Perry Beb- help save lives, time, and bington and Peter Mosely, both techni- ispossible before and after picture money cal officers from Nottingham, for an transfer. Because lmtran uses normalidea that enhances the compatibility Following successful trials in the southdial -up telephone lines,it can com- between the Monarch and Herald elec- west of England, British Telecom hasmunicate with similar units anywhere tronic switchboard systems. launched lmtran, a life-saving servicein the world. for sending X-ray and body -scan pic- tures hundreds of miles by telephone in seconds, nationwide. Imtran,shortforImageTransfer, enables surgeons when away fromComputerizing music their hospitals to examine patients'notation medical pictures or records secondsOxford University's recently introduced after they are available. The servicecomputer program Oxford Music Pro- avoids wasted hours while informationcessor (OMP) is likely to revolutionize issentby courier from adistantthe way in which music notation is hospital,withincreasingrisk toprepared for printing. It will enable the patients' lives. music publishing industry and mu- lmtranwasdevelopedby Britishsicians ofallkinds,professional or Telecom's researchlaboratoriesatamateur, to provide themselves easily Martlesham Heath near Ipswich.Itwith music notation to the highest consistsofaportable transmitter -standard. receiver that is plugged into a standard OMP carries out almost all the tasks telephone socket. At the transmittingwhich have traditionally required end, the Imtran unitis connectedpainstaking and slow manual arrange- direct to a body scanner or to a TVment of music notation on the page. camera focused on an X-ray picture orWith this program, the computer takes on medical records. The images areall the various rules of notation design recreatedatthereceiver ashigh - into consideration and arrives at the resolution pictures on a TV monitorfinished product within a tenth of the screen. time of traditional methods. The system works by converting theAccordingtotheinventor of the pictures into audio tones for trans-system,Richard Vendomeofthe Acellularantenna(left)undergoing mission over the telephone and thenuniversity's Faculty of Music, musicvibration testing at Marconi Communi- turning them back into high -resolutioncan be keyed into the computer verycation Systems Limited in Chelmsford. images at the distant end. Each pictureeasily. OMP has been successfullyPhotograph by courtesy of The Marconi takes thirty-two seconds to build up, used by musicians with no knowledgeCompany Limited.

14 elektor electronics october 1985 IT recognition scheme Ten major employers of staff with electronics scene information technology (ITskills are participating in a pilot scheme launched by theBritish Computer Society (BCS\ to improve standards of training on a nationwide basis. Staffinthese organizations, which range from the aerospace, insurance, and computer industries to the Royal and Mechanical Engineers (REME) will take part in the scheme. Successful completion of the scheme would give participantsprofessionalstatusby becoming Members or Fellows of the BCS. The British Computer Society was founded 28 years ago and has more than 30 000 members. It was granted a Royal Charter in 1984.

Eddystone combats tsetse fly Princess Margaret discusses the Giotto project, in which a space craft built by British Eddystone Radio Limited, a division of Aerospace PLC at Stevenage will intercept Halley's Comet at a distance of 93 million Marconi Communication Systems Ltd, miles from earth in March 1986. The craft will journey through the comet's surrounding has received an order from the Crowncoma and tail to within 300 miles of its nucleus. The mass of electronic instruments Agents for sixty Type Orion 5000 HF on board will relay to earth data on. among others, the comet's chemical composition. interaction with the solar wind. and its magnetic field. Transceiversandaccessories.The UPS) equipment is for use in Zimbabwe by the Tsetse Fly Control Department. ferencing system forthe European British software goes Dutch Economic Commission. Two major Dutch insurance The systemlinkstheBerlaymont companies, Winterthur BV and Singel Building in Brussels with the RobertGroep Schlencker By, have chosen Schuman Building in Luxembourg. It is computer software from Newcastle- intended for the conducting of the upon-TynebasedQualitySoftware community's business between these Products. The total value of the orders two important locations by ministers, amounts to 1335 000. commissioners, andsupportand Quality Software Products specializes secretarial staff. in application software for mainframe Valued at about £250 000, the contractcomputers. Its OLAS range includes was won against fierce competition general ledger, sales ledger, purchase from a number of major Europeanledger, purchase order control, and systems integrators. fixed assets.

Since its introduction in February this year, the Orion 5000 has been pro- duced in volume and sales, now into twenty-four countries, have exceeded all expectations. As a direct result of this success, two new versions will soon be announced: a trunk -mounted transceiver with remote head unit, and a ruggedized para-military version.

Video for EEC Oceonics Communications Limited, a A recent example of the United Kingdom's claim to be in the forefront of programmer subsidiary of the Oceonics Group PLC, technology is the PPZ Universal Programmer from Stag Electronic Designs of Welwyn Garden City. The PPZ is capable of programming any device in any technology, such have successfully completed the firstas bipolar PROMs: CMOS. NMOS, and HMOS EPROMs; EEPROMs. PALs; integrated ever order for the design, supply, and fuses: logic devices; super PALS; and microprocessors. installation of a full motion video con- ILPS)

15 elektor electronics october 1985 - under licence from Mobira in Finland andaredeliveredtoRacal-Vodac electronicsscene Limited, the largest supplier of cellular telephones in the UK. Basestationequipment,including important transmitter power amplifiers and sophisticated voice channel sub systems, is assembled at Racal Carlton Limited in Nottinghamshire.

Drawing tomorrow's technology A researcher at Durham University takesthefirststeps towardsthe development of a thermal imaging device that will operate at room tem- perature without the present need of liquid nitrogen as a coolant. This will lead to a smaller hand-held camera that can be usedtofindpeople trapped in buildings or under water by detecting the heat emitted by their bodies. The development is possible thanks to an updated version of the Langmuir Trough, which can produce alternate layers (superlattices) of different molecules that can be engineered for The Plessey PRS2282A HF Receiver with an FSK converter (for teleprinter use) anda visual display unit, which form part of the present contract. many purposes with different layers being stacked together for tailor-made functions. Plessey radio systems First British -made cellular The technique involves drawing a for China equipment goes into service chosen material through the trough which isfilled with a liquid. As the Plessey Radio Systems of West Leigh, The first cellular telephone equipment material is drawn backwards and for- Havant, has secured a contract worthmade in the United Kingdom is now in wards,themolecularstructureis f500 000tosupply the People's use on the Vodafone network as theslowly built up and the resulting film Republic of China with remotely con-company enters full-scale productioncan be used for a variety of appli- trolled modular HF Receiving Systems. of transportable Vodafones and keycations such asinfra -redimaging, The equipment will be used to monitorbase station systems. This marks a optoelectronics, and sensors. international news broadcasts. major achievement for Racal as the The deal was signed after extensivefirstcompany tointegrateBritish - technical evaluation and working fieldmade equipment into the country's trialsin China. Great emphasis wasgrowing cellular telephone service. placed on the performance, reliability, Production of transportable Vodafones and ease of maintenance. is underway at Racal Seaton Limited in This order follows close on the heels ofDevon - the first UK factory to win another contract won by Plessey fromBABT (BritishApprovalBoardfor the People's Republic of China forTelecommunications) approval to 960 MHz radio and multiplex equip- manufacture cellular subscriber equip- ment. ment. The Vodafones are being made

Such films have already been used in the design of a super fast switch operating in nano -seconds. Light emit- ting diodes can be improved by a fac- tor of more than twelve; solar cell efficiency can be improved by 50 per cent. They can withstand tempera- tures up to 400 °C, stick like leeches, and are not affected by light. (LPS)

16 etektor electronics october 1985 No blunderer this BUMBLE Blind or partially sighted people are electronics scene severly restrictedintheir access to information, partly owing to the prob- lems of converting the written word into suitable media for them to read. Now, a wordprocessingsystem developed by Dr JohnGillof the Research Unit for the Blind at Brunel University, goes a long way to improve this position by enabling an ordinary typist to produce documents in Moon, Braille, or large print. Called BUMBLE, acronym for Brunel University Moon, Braille, and Large - print Equipment, the system features a 16 -bitmicrocomputer,specialsoft- ware, and an EPS laser printer that utilizesthelatestdevelopmentsin printing technology to cope with the variety of founts required. As it is a non -impact method of print- ing,lasertechnology providesthe flexibility and high quality to print a large range of type faces, styles, and sizes, which facilitates the high-speed conversion of ordinary written matter to eitherlargerprint or to special characters such as Moon.

Itisbelieved that this new system could see the re-emergence of Moon, an embossed language for the blind, which, until now, could only be pro- duced by slow, traditional typesetting techniques. Invented by Dr William MoonofBrighton in 1847 (the language is older than Braille), Moon has a particular advantage in that it is easy to learn, and is especially useful for older blind persons who often find it impossible to master Braille.

Dramatic rise in Telford Industrial Investment Telford Development Corporation's 1978 decision to cast itsindustrial recruiting net far beyond the restricted pool of the West Midlands has proved a marked success. There has been a dramatic increase in investment from overseas in the East Shropshire town: from twenty foreign companies with bases in the town in 1978, the figure has grown to over fifty. Apart from maintaining its industrial recruitment efforts in Britain, the USA, West Germany, and Japan, the Cor- porationisplanning to extendits activities into France. It appears from a variety of sources that France offers agreat deal of potential for inward investment into theUnitedKingdom. The French government is encouraging companies to look for improved marketing oppor- tunities overseas, particularly in the British Telecom Research Laboratories' work on optical fibres won the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement earlier this year. Telecom's optical fibres are produced UK, which, up to now, has not been in its research laboratories at Martlesham Heath in Suffolk. By passing the chemical regarded as one of thetraditional ingredients through a vacuum in the hollow of a super -heated tube of silica, thin layers market places for French -made of the purest optical glass are gradually built up. products.

17 etektor electronics october 1985 learning, and with other professional bodies at home and overseas. As well electronicsscene as frequent meetings, lectures_ Emd exhibitions, the Fellowship maintains DSc for Dutch scientist voice communications network of its regularcontact withschools,and Dr Ronald Koningsveld,Director ofkind in Europe. administers a number of engineering Basic Research at the Dutch States awards.Up tosixtyengineersof MinesCompany (DSM), Geleen, exceptional merit and distinction are received an honorary DSc degree fromPeople elected to the Fellowship by annual the University of Bristol last July. British Aerospace announces that Mrballot. The total number of Fellows is An outstanding scientist, DrPeter Brighton, the present managing limited to 1000 at any one time. Koningsveld is also a leading industrialdirector of Cossor Electronics Limited, executive of DSM. He maintains anis joining the company on 1 OctoberEvents active association with the University1985 to succeed Mr D S Barnes as of Bristol and is leading a researchManaging Director of the Electronic team at Antwerp University. Systems and Equipment Division earlyElectronic Financial Services DSM's association with Bristol Univer-in 1986. (Conference) sity started with Dr P Lemstra, an Hotel Inter -Continental Honorary Research Associate ofBrian Lloyd, formerly Chief ExecutiveLondon Bristol University, who now works atofAnsafone,hasbeen appointed21 8- 22 October 1985 DSM. Dr Lemstra workedintheManagingDirectorofThorn EMI Physics Department of the universityMicrologic Limited, the leading UK Electric Indonesia (Exhibition) on the development of polymer gelselectronic pointof-sale systemsJakarta leading to the production of a newcompany. Indonesia commercialpolyethlenefibrewith 29 Oct...2 Nov 1985 immense strength, now manufacturedCambridge Electronic Industries PLC by DSM. announce the following appointments. Composants Electroniques 85 (LPS)Mr Barrie Cropper as Managing Direc-(Exhibition) tor of their subsidiary company C.I. Exhibition Grounds (Polymers) Limited. Paris Racal for Natwest Dr George D Bartholomew as Director4...8 November 1985 andGeneralManager ofGraseby Racal-MilgoLimitedwasrecentlyMedical Limited. Distributed Processing Systems: awarded their largest ever contract byMr JimBeardallasDirector andTechnology & Design (Seminar) the National Westminster Bank PLC.General Manager of PED CapacitorsThe London Tara Hotel The order, which is valued at about £18Limited. Kensington, London million,isfor communications and 18 Et 19 November 1985 network management equipment,Dr John Forrest, who until earlier this system integration, and projectyearheldtheChairofElectronicData Base Management Systems management services for the secondEngineering at University College, Lon-for Micros (Seminar) phase of the Natwest's Digital Inte-don, and is now the technical directorCumberland Hotel gration Network (DIN) project. of Marconi Defence Systems Limited London The data network will enable the con-at Stanmore, Middlesex, has been21 Et 22 November 1985 nection of sometwothousandelected a Fellow of Britain's top pro- branches and departments to Nationalfessional engineering body, the Westminster's computer centres. TheFellowship of Engineering. The Obituary network will be linked to equipmentFellowship was formedin1976 to We regret to announce the death sited in branches and departments thatrepresent engineers at the highest level on 28 July 1985 of Bob van der will support devices such as displays, and, throughitsinter -disciplinary Horst, founder and former chief printers, and ATMs. When the projectcharacter, to promote the science, art, editor of Elektuur By. is completed, it is expected that moreand practice of engineering to the than 10 000 of these terminals will bebenefit ofthe public. This is linked to the system. The network willaccomplishedthroughliaisonwith be the largest integrated data andgovernmental organizations, seats of

Bob started the company 25 years ago and was its chief editor for twenty years. During his editor. ship, the original Dutch magazine grew into an international publi- cation that is now printed in ten languages and is read all over the world.

18 advertisement elektor electronics october 1985. Recent books from Eiektor Electronics These books may be ordered on the prepaid order card between pages 10 & 11. The electronics step by step series of books PROJECTS FOR AMATEUR Starting electronics is written for those whic aims at introducing the reader to practical want to gain an understanding of the principles electronics quickly, simply, and clearly. The PHOTOGRAPHERS -underlying such equipment. However, the book zoncise introductory section gives details on describes how to build a battery tester, light is not crammed full of dry theory, but aims to tools, components, soldering, and testing - meter, process timer, electronic flash, dark- demonstrate the practical aspects of elec- !ways with the aim of giving the reader as room thermostat, slave flash unit, exposure tronics through numerous experimental circuits Bluth practical information as possible and as timer. that can be built easily and quickly. ittle theory as necessary. ISBN 0 905705 21 1 Price £4.951$10.00 Volume I assumes no previous knowledge of The major portion of the books is dedicated to electronics: the reader is taken step by step into number of projects, each contained in a the wide and wonderful world of electronics separate chapter. The projects are described in and on the journey he is acquainted with a .etail in clear, easy to understand language so number of basic circuits. These circuits will 'tat they can be constructed by anyone. All always be around because they are so basic and have been built and tested in our own lab- may, therefore, be found in most electronic - -etches. equipment. project is described with the aid of ISBN 0 905705 23 8 Price £4.70/$9.50 : -cult diagrams, drawings of completed prototype Ivero orsimilar)boards, and component lists; step-by-step construction of the circuit; II functionaltestafter each stageinthe _ 2nstruction;

_ .ick lists for fault findino and final rests. PROJECTS FOR YOUR HOME WORKSHOP -iescribes how to make stabilized power sup- plies, a multitude of test equipment, and a soldering iron thermostat. ISBN 0 905705 19 X Price £4.95/$10.00

PROJECTS FOR HOME AND GARDEN shows how to make a baby alarm, draught detector, lux meter, medicinecupboard safeguard, temperature alarm, telephone ampli- fier, house plant protector, universal alarm in- AUTOMATE YOUR MODEL stallation. RAILWAY ISBN 0 905705 22 X Price f4.95/S10.00 Sooner or later most railway modellers are con fronted with the problem that their mode railway has become so extensive that it can nc longer be controlled with two hands. The solution to this problem is automation. partiall, or completely. And nowadays that means using electronics! This book will guide the reader step by step through the intricacies of electronic controls. First, it deals with a power controller. then with the control of turnouts, next with a PROJECTS FOR CARS AND block protection system, and finally you are shown how to control your entire model railwa, BICYCLES with a computer. By building all the necessary

shows now to make a fuel economy indicator. elements yourself, costs can be kept at F: choke alarm, frost warner, automatic bicycle reasonable level. Each stage of construction is lights, exhaust gas tester, rear lights monitor, complete within itself so that you can stop at anti -theft alarm. the level of automation reached in that stage. ISBN 0 905705 20 3 Price£4.95/$10.00 ISBN 0 905705 18 1 Price 16.25/$12.50

your automate ay modelrailw

STARTING ELECTRONICS, VOL. 1 In today's technological society most of us use electronic equipment at some time. Radio and television,hi-fiand tape recorders,digital clocks and watches, electronic controllers for washing machines and central heating systems, electronicignitionsystemsforcars,and calculators and computers are just a few of the examples of how electronics affects our lives. elektor electronics An anemometer is a device for measuring october 1985 Anemometers are in steady demand by yachtsmen, wind the velocity of, among others, air move- ment, i.e., wind. Its transducer (also called surfers, glider pilots, and amateur sensor), i.e., the device that converts the meteorologists, to name but a wind speed into electrical signals, is few. The digital anemometer usually driven by a small windmill, or a set of cups. The latter is used in the pres- presented here can be built for ent design - Fig. 8. about half the price of The sensor, at the left in Fig. 1, generates commercially available sixteen pulses for every rotation of the set mechanical versions. of cups. These pulses, taken over a time hand-heldanemometer by M Huch determined by the control, are added in a counter. At the end of each counting period, the counter reading is applied to an EPROM; the output data of the EPROM are stored in a display driver. For every counter position, the EPROM has a code in two successive bytes, which determines what will be shown on the LCD display. Via switch S2, four ranges of the EPROM can be selected over two free address lines, so that the counter reading may be displayed in four different units: metres per second, m/s; knots; kilometres per hour. km/h, and the Beaufort scale. The conversion between these units is, therefore, not carried out direct by the unit, but rather by the programming of the EPROM. As the anemometer is battery powered, CMOS ICs are used to ensure a low cur- rent drain, while the EPROM is only switched on briefly at the end of a count- ing period to codify the counter reading.

Circuit description Counters ICI and IC, in Fig. 2 control the operation of the circuit. A 4.433 MHz (tele- vision) crystal can be connected direct to the oscillator input of ICI. AND gates N1 and N3 generate the pulses required by the sensor. These pulses have a duty factor of 1:64. Fig. 1 Block schematic of the anemometer. Hold;NI

ddoEay S2 cite A0-11111' Al ...5 lair"( EPROM 0 D

0 code re,ersid C2X:=, OCOO ,0 goner anSPhf 65093,1

20 elektor electronics 2a october 1985

1"- -1

6V 6V

T1 RIO

12

R8

red 14 13

P3 C3 1k L 10n 6 N7 BPW 34 Nem Ti = BC 557B 7 T2 ... T4 = BC 5478 P3: multitum

R3

1

13

NI N2

41 235 1211 9

1314 61 457 11 2 4 13 12 rC 6V 88 d8 3 3 0 CL)

ICI 0132rs2 14 10CLK IC2 IC7 (741.1C) 4040 4040 014 _cr eetel o etft 4060 0 0 0 9 0 0 532413 MOM 10 11 3 6 R13

71 65 432 12312Z 191 -L. R1-e R2 « ; 4 1 < C 4 4' 0 ---11:11--4.433 MHz N6 C7 Z.5IN 2 IC8 27(C116 72p 72a 12 1311211 4 351 o 8 0 30 IL:0 0 0 CI 9101113 14151617 N4 18 6V 10 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIII R12 , rcdn'irt .1 119 111

11111 I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 11111111111111 I ...... P2 911,131151 532 5 3 2.4 9131511 BC 547B STR A C 0 ACODSTR re rt STA2 STR1 12 xr STR3 1C8 CLK2 6 IC 1 1 IC12 STs12 6 w to" -0-CLK CLK STR1 40544056 4056- 4054STR:3 141 ST4 STR41--1 N1, N2= IC3 = 4082 0 0 a E f 0 e 9 r 3 g 2 2 5 N3, N4, N5 = IC4 = 4073 0 o'er N te, N6 ... N11 = IC5 = 4049 6V MMV1, MMV2 = 106 = 4538 0N at N NI 9 - f" *4 H 22-3-N 2-'42E12.282 Z;Zs2'tz222-; 5;iEr: AD 0 El (;)/I (ID (L 4 x Fl C4, IC9 39r = 2 ICI IC3 IC6 28 C'f 0al 0ra01 IC5 IC2 1C4 IC7 _; Tan" 3",_Ip a D 0 0 14V =. 0 .=.9 01 i () DP3 OP2

85093-2a

Fig. 2 la) Circuit diagram of the anemometer.

21 elektor electronics October 1985 3

2.s -÷ 4- 12._. N309 Fig. 3 Timing diagram of %St berm. shmis the sensor.

45 V

IC 1302

2b S V - !V

IC130.2 St: 1$v +0.-0214) MIMV 202 N 10a.

MA4V 202

r013-3

The LED in the sensor is driven direct by supply to the EPROM is switched on, and inverter N7; a limiting resistor is not pin Ao of the EPROM is made logic 0. required. When the light barrier is open, Gate N4 then generates a pulse which trapezium -shaped pulses as shown in stores the contents of the memory Fig. 3 appear at the output of the sensor. addressed by the counter in the display These pulses are reshaped into rec- driver in such a way that bits 0...3 go to S2: tangular form by inverters N8. N10. The IC9 and bits 4...7 to ICH. Pin Ao of the resulting pulses are stretched by EPROM then goes high, and the resulting A9 monostable MMV, in such a way that they pulse from Ns writes bits 0...3 and 4...7 become one pulse, whose period is equal into ICio and ICI2 respectively. The supply to the time the light barrier is open. These to the EPROM is then switched off, the pulses (sixteen per revolution) are counted counter is reset by MMV1, and a new in IC7. counting period starts. The measurement period is controlled by A10 With switch St closed, new counts are not counter IC2; the relevant timing diagram is loaded into the display. The previous shown in Fig. 4. The duration of a information remains, therefore, displayed measurement may be set to 1/2 s,1 s, or 2 s until the switch is opened. In this way, the with link M. This enables the processing EPROM programming can determine circuits to be matched to the transducer. which units are to be displayed. As long as the output of AND gate N2 is 55093 2 b logic low, the signals provided by the sensor are processed and counted. When The display

the output goes high, counting stops, the The readings appear on a 31/2 digit liquid- Fig. 2 lb) Diagram for use crystal display (LCD), which also shows LO when rotary instead of BAT when the battery voltage is getting slide switches are used in low. the S1 and S2 positions. This type of display must be controlled with alternating current, since DC control causes damage by electrolysis. Special drivers are, therefore, used to provide an AC control signal. Every other output pulse of the four -bit latches in IC, and ICIL is inverted by the clocking signal at pin 2 before the output is fed to the dis- play. As the clocking signal is also applied to the backplane of the display, the segments that are in phase with the backplane (latch=0) remain invisible, while the elements that are out of phase with the backplane (latch=1) show up black. IC10 and IC11 operate in an identical manner, but are decoded for a 7 -segment display. The two centre digits of the display are binary coded decimal (BCD). The leading 1, the decimal point after the second digit. and the segments of the last digit can be individually controlled with the 22 elektor electronics 4 october 1985

IC2 61.04

IC2 11(1. 05

IC2 ilia= 06

IC2 0..07

IC2 08 IC2102. Q9

NZ if u

N410,o A N50.

IC80.= Opt.

MUSLII (01191=11.22 514

aat wow 11.1101/asenna eneshoral sa C... SC.,

Fee11006.1 9/ orral ;

Fig. 4 Timing diagram of the processing circuits. appropriate bits. This makes it possible for 5 wrier for sof of coos special symbols to be displayed in the last position, e.g.. a "b" for Beaufort, and a horizontal stroke for the other units.

The sensor A thirtytwo-segment disc is rotated across the light barrier by the set of cups that is fitted to the same spindle - see Fig. 5. The thirty-two segments are equally div- ided into clear and opaque ones. A simple amplifier processes the signals provided by the photodiode. The LED is driven by 2µs pulses provided Ivht byN3(pin 9). The duty factor of these pulses is 2:117 as shown in Fig. 3. The pulses provided by the light barrier are received by photodiode D2. Because of the delay in the diode. the signal at the non -inverting input of comparator IC13 is sawtooth-shaped. The output of the com- parator is a square wave (duty factor 1:1). ball belt 7,11 Preset P1 should be adjusted so that with Fig. 5 Suggested con- the light barrier open the signal at pin 6 of struction of the sensor IC13 is as clean a square wave as possible. and the carrier for theset of cups (scale=13:20).

Power supply The unit is intended for operation from four mercuric oxide button cells, whose e.m.f. ranges from 5 V to 7 V. This is no problem for the CMOS ICs. but does mean that a separate, stable 5.5 V supply is needed for the EPROM. This could, of course, be avoided by the use of a - rather more expensive - CMOS EPROM. Transistors T1...T4 form a voltage limiter, whose output voltage vs battery voltage characteristic is shown in Fig. 6. The limiting threshold can be set with P3. If the base of T4 goes high, the supply to the EPROM is switched off. Transistor T5 functions as a battery voltage monitor. Preset P2 is set so that T5 cuts off as soon as the battery voltage drops below 4.5 V i.e., the level at which the

23 elektor electronics EPROM begins to work unreliably. When 6 October 1935 T5 does not conduct, pin 15 of 1C9 goes high and LO BAT is shown on the display. u, A ®= Low Construction 5.5V - The sensor is most conveniently made from an old cassette recorder motor from which all the innards, except the spindle, have been removed. To make the spindle rotate virtually friction -less, a small ball - bearing is added at the lower end as shown in Fig. 5. The sensor circuit is built on a circular Fig. 6 Limiting ®= High characteristic of the (vero) board, which must be made to fit supply voltage for exactly in the motor housing. After the EPROM IC8. board has been wired up, it should be 13-oiVa glued firmly in the housing as shown in Fig. 7 The double -sided F.S,A3-6 printed -circuit board. 7a

FOEVIE108811111111,111118887

o codi.V7,\. mwmAL Parts list so @ o ca Resistors: GB GC CM RI;R2:R7:139:R12 = 100 k ell a R3;fts:116;Rtt = 10 k 1111i1 R6 =i M Rs = 4k7 Rio =-1 k R13 = 10 M P1 = 100 k multiturn preset P2 = 50 k preset P3 =1 k multiturn preset

Capacitors: = 22 n C2 = 47 n C3 = 10 n Ca = 10 pi;16 V tantalum C5 = 1 p; 16 V tantalum C6:C7 = 22 p

Semiconductors: = LED: 3 mm: red D2 = BPW34 T1 = BC 5578 T2.:T5 = BC547B ICI = 4060 or 74HC4060 IC2:1C7 = 4040 IC3 = 4082 0 0 ICS = 4073 0 IC3 = 4049 IC6 = 4538 IHIBEIP:0 IC8 = 27(C)16 IC.9;IC12 = 4054 IMO 1C10:1C11 = 4056 IC13 = 741 C)

Miscellaneous:

1111:2 LCD with LO BAT indication, e.g.. _ Hamlin 3901 or 3902; w or Hitachi LS007C-C or H1331C-C Xi = crystal 4.433 MHz ale (television!) 4 button cells, mercuric oxide; 1.5 V each on° /leo St = 2 -pole; 3 -position slide or rotary switch ° 52 = 2 -pole; 4 -position slide

or rotary switch PCB 85093

Note that IC13: R6; D2; and P1 are not intended for mounting on the PCB.

24 Fig. 5. Make sure that the preset can be elektor electronics adjusted from outside! october 1985 The remainder of the sensor is built together as shown in Fig. 5. Make sure that the photodiode and LED are in a straight line. The LED should be prevented from radiating sideways with the aid of some insulating tape or suitable sleeving. The set of cups is made form three ping- pong balls fastened onto a carrier cut from a sheet of PTFE (Teflon) which itself is glued onto the pulley removed from the cassette motor - see Fig. 5 and Fig. 8. The ping-pong balls are cut in half along their seam, so that a reinforcing rim remains. The resulting half balls are best fitted in place with an epoxy resin. The printed -circuit board - Fig. 7 - has been designed to fit nicely in a hand-held case. To keep the completed board as flat as possible, it is best to solder the drivers and the display direct to it. If the pins of the display are too short, they can be lengthened with the cut-off pins of an IC socket. It is, nevertheless, possible to fit the display and the drivers onto special flat sockets. The unit may be constructed in the hous- ing of a large electric torch, but a more professional case may be built on the lines of Fig. 8. Such a case is made from fibre glass, which is available in kit form from many car accessory shops for DIY car panel repairs.

Calibration Before any of the ICs or the EPROM are inserted into their sockets, switch on the supply and set the voltage at pin 24 of the EPROM socket to 5.5 V with P3. The ICs and the EPROM should now be inserted into their respective sockets (after

25 elektor electronics the supply has been switched off!). The october 1985 voltage at pin 24 of the EPROM socket must now be checked with an oscillo- scope and, if necessary, P3 should be readjusted to give 5,5 V. The supply voltage should now be reduced to 4.5 V, after which P, should be adjusted to just cause a LO BAT reading on the display. If the supply voltage is increased slightly, the reading should disappear immediately. Connect the sensor to the processing unit. and an oscilloscope to pin 6 of IC13. Turn the segmented disc so that the light bar- rier is open, and adjust P1 for a clean trapezium -shaped signal on the oscilloscope. If an oscilloscope is not available, an EPROM programmed as shown in Table 1 may be used. The sensor should then be driven by a small electric motor at about 10 rev/s and PI adjusted until the display shows a steady reading of about 160. The IC7 count, n, (which is directly pro- portional to the rotary velocity of the segmented disc) and the wind velocity, v, are related by v=nk where k is a constant. If at all possible, calibration of the display should be carried out in a wind tunnel but. unfortunately, this is not available to many. The next best thing is to visit your local meteorological station (consult your local telephone directory or ask your local library) on a number of days. Take a series of measurements, note the time, and then Fig. 8 Suggested con- ask the station manager for the actual struction of the com- wind forces measured by his station. plete anemometer.

0000 00OF10OF20OF30OF40 F50OF60OF70OF 0010 80 OF90OF0001100120 1 300140015001 0020 600170018001900100 2 100220023002 0030 400250026002700280 2 900200031003 0040 200330034003500360 3700380039003 0050 000410042004300440 4500460047004 0060 800490040005100520 5300540055005 0070 60057005BO05900500 6100620063006 0080 400650066006700680 6900600071007 0090 200730074007500760 7 7007BO079007 00A0 000810082008300840 8500860087008 0080 800890080009100920 9 300940095009 0000 600970098009900901 0 11 0021003100 0000 410051006100710081 0910001011101 00E0 210131 014101510161 1 71018101910] 0010 010211022102310241 2 5102610271 02 0100 810291020103110321 3310341035103 0110 610371038103910301 4110421043104 0120 410451046104710481 49104010511 05 0130 210531054105510561 5 710581059105 0140 010611062106310641 6 510661067106 0150 810691060107110721 7 310741075107 0160 610771078107910701 8110821083108 0170 410851OB6108710881 8910801091109 0180 210931094109510961 9710981099109 0190 00E010E020E030EO40 050E060E070E0 01A0 80E090EO00El10ElE0 1 30El40El50El 0180 60El70El80El90El00 210E220E230E2 01C0 40E250E260E270E280 2 90E200E310E3 0100 20E330E340E350E360 3 70E380E390E3 01E0 00E410E420E430E440 450E460E470E4 0110 80E490E400ES10ES20 5 30E540E550E5 Table 1 Hex dump for the calibration EPROM.

26 elektor electronics Table 2. October 1985

Beaufort scale Description Wind speed m's mph knots 0 calm 0...0.2 0...1 0...1 1 light air 0.3...1.5 1...3 1...3 2 light breeze 1.6...3.3 4...7 4...6 3 gentle breeze 3.4...5.4 8_ .. 12 7...10 4 moderate breeze 5.5...7.9 13...18 11...16 5 fresh breeze 8.0...10.7 19...24 17_ _ _21 6 strong breeze 10.8...13.8 25...31 22...27 7 moderate gale 13.9...17.1 32...38 28...33 8 fresh gale 17.2...20.7 39_._46 34...40 9 strong gale 20.8...24.4 47...54 41...47 10 whole gale 24.5...28.4 55. _ .63 48...55 11 storm 28.5...32.6 64...75 56...65 12 hurricane 32.6 - 75 - 65 , Table 2 The Beaufort scale and correlated wind speeds. Plot the results of each series of measurements. The resulting characteristic should be a fairly straight line with a slight drop-off at low wind speeds (this is caused by friction in the sensor). The slope of the characteristic gives the value ofk.If the measurements were suspect, calculate the constantkfor each and every measure- ment from k=v/n and from all the results establish a mean valuefork. The values thus found, and their relation- ship, enable the EPROM to be pro- grammed in line with Table 3. Note that sinceS2enables the selection of any one of the address ranges 000...1FF; 200...3FF; 400...5FF; and 600...7FF, four different codes (m/s; km/h; knots; and the Beaufort figure) may be programmed. bl

Table 3 (a) Construction Table 3(a). Table 3(131. of a 512 -byte block in the EPROM: lb) Correlation between binary code and alphanumeric character. Address Ag...A0 Bits ICg;ICit 7 6 54" 3 2 1 0

decimal point after binary alphanumeric 2nd symbol 0000 0 0001 1 not used 0010 2 0011 3 character at 3rd position 0100 4 (see Table 3b) 0101 5 a 6 i, 0110 ICIolCiz 7 6 54 3 2 1 0 0111 7 1 character at 2nd position 1000 8 et) d (see Table 3b) 1001 9 1010 L DP last position, segments 1011 H c.e,f 1100 P 1101 last position segment a 1110 1111 last position, segment g

last position, segment d

27 elektor electronics october 1985 advertisement , EAST CORNWALL COMPONENTS * NEW 1985 CATALOGUE wril be evadable Juty A z: range of components greatly increased - over 125 pages fully illustrated. Price - E 1.00 per copy (free upon request with * WI orders over E 15 CO Includes 50p.UedaNote, S;:e: el Offer Sheets. Order Form and Pre -paid Envelope. Order your copy now -w0 be despatched as soon as available.

I Gi,"; PLUGS 3, 50,o/ 1 INTEGRATED C1RCu115 ,E, EACH 2E, 2,1.. NI CAC) Pot entiortietels Meta Ca at P5.4 0 18 -rbon Track. 1.10.2375 230TBABOO -ea X tron UnT.64331 N. -Cad Charger otary s ' Log.Lin ues. AV Eavc Cu a. Psag 0 14 charg Spindle. 20 mt body de. Shaft 2' long 711 .25745055 _25T8A9105 120 44444eete as?, Alatg Lee Scc.,41 032 747 .705441325 4.001849.53 24 Vend G(tug Pta (6.004K7 - 252 Single GangLog._._...... 32 101E3.00 315 Snore Jurtcncr1 Sacs. 090 .47.21413 310545560 2_93TCAVOSA 4.02 Attached 10.00 1K 252 Single Gang Lk Plasm Phone 0.11) .32 10/13.00 412415 3Q545570 1660410034 5.50 CSIEV as oboe SELHAFCE43tt E5T7E1,15 5K - F M Naos 020 21.12 Single Gang DP Switch Log 75 10 (7.00 131T6218 1.93545581 2/67041031 4 95 990 P1.259 Plugs 038 AA I HP71 5K - 21.12 Double Gang Log & Lin . SE. (8-25 CA3314.7 283547632371 1030410054 2_45 Anus 1E9 45.,5 .25 .85ea. Rodyee. 0.15 cams 0.665147303154 2.50T0410355 223 AnIet 18W ops5 50 10r75p ea.DE -LUXE EMERGENCY LJTE .ratchoPAci, oalaose 1_205/40513114 1.9370411705 1.93 Antes 2911 44..3.75 C (HP11) 1.75 ea.Operates from 1ZV DC. corn complete ve.th 4 metres of 2025n Panel Mounloig 023 cA3oss3 2.105147W601: 1.70T0411705 199 Anse, elements 275 10/1.65 ea.cable & cigar lighter plrao for easy operation Magnet basecame 1.50 Aries btu 77ven Chaves Moratroto 006 574762277: 1.1070.113524 1.80 090 (FlP2r 2.05 ea.& solid slate controlled br.rd.ing sv.itch are incorporated careas .68571E650h1 .75 Amet sta-Kts210 I: Panetta...meg 035 01814,2 /44c...2.75 012 10/1.95 ea. 0.0.7130E 9057:765667:0 1.1020021 1811 Seloetsracier 4.50 PP3 0.3198E .45571.015 T042020 Spare nocres fu CE1ne 1." nc13er 0 10 3.80 ea. I CAPACITOR pay, 620 46 HA 1355W 1_59TA7113P 4601042033 Sokk.s.--civ 10/3.70 ea. 1.93 0.6 If LIPRONt SPE WA 50.4. Cs./4eCupurilars - 5 each vakie LA4422 3_20147203P 2767012143 2.90 5111,2. 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AB 10 40,s, .394E2 .59 Ar IS BOW 16 81134 3514.59 73 57E 71P313 70 25(1%7 70 4)101 1_20 8[177 12 85376 *42 .433503 £1 125 80210 321 81185 29 1738 14113 42 250393 2/0 .4)102 1.37 3 C 4043 42 1507 AF 126 .58 12 13C711 250 BF 1547. 15 35532 35 310 20 1(142 40 250.2008 73 .41103 3% 6C177 24 4044 1.8 123 At 127 38 801241 73 81155 12 351534 25 1522 503 a 7E4/ 42 75(2529 279 4506 A B C 24 8T10...1 02 58 4510 43104 1 15 £1135 43 5113129 93 913177 30 90 1536 ISC 4.1 01121 83 2502078 176 Ai* 54 2.7s 41178 279 81182 701 /30130t 08 elm 25 51171.300 1336 630 43 70 250081 70 30K. 38 4511 $443106 210 A 8 C 81101 SCO Afnli 53 to so 1 31 36 53775 .18 315 5x40303 70 113,1385 51 25C393 290 4.750 34 4512 5440105 55 BC1821. 12 117795 144 130132 36 3121(1 .213 87102 330 160 yx?a 837 33 11313 05 250.21224 320 4051 534314 1.104070) 50 LA LB LC 41103 5 40 12 80135 25 34243 20 97106 1 15 1471 s10 1.13 71586 50 2502312 4352 584515 123 40103 327 8C103 10 97103 41102 30136 25 3113 .30 1E 17212 78 1r9.* 27 25151 1 53 1E3 SS 4515 33109 99 45510 520 A 8 C 10 10137 81344 34 871% 1.15 ociso 1470V..10 172 745 2.5.41E 350 8C183. 10 87116 70_514 742535 /474:312 63 £5217 2m 30133 30 312444 33 110 36 4728 14 352 ctou W11 741.515 741.573 30 74451231 CO 412113 240 44 48 IC 10 10139 307 61E7 22 37119 130 093(1 1.00 5930 203 31.14, 30154 10 741.515 741575 337445124 115 £2157 31 IOTA) MES gilQ 350 112 ZE7 5 EP 3S4* - 80 D4341 741.5E 714575 44 7445175 52 BACCIOU 110 ABC ILA 1.3 81)112 1 60 9135 30 31121 198 11222 33 2111107 14 43.35 1_15 10 711521 741575 3111 7445126 51 84412 BPI* 1.12 51202 30 31139 637 133 15014 277:532 33 43673 1.83 80207 15 _so 143.533 7E523 7145132 60 eA115 14 601538 72 31233 33 Ernss mop 051172 44031 04 BC212 10 8TY79 &OR 3.10 .8) 74LS 742.4 740.533 74451% 2S 3A121 42 80160 1_51 51270 33 001333 170 104002 as a A B C 70 801034 74, 741535 227415136 42 asta 36 3101% 81771 225 011832 111074 .as 3C2/71_ 190 711500 741.527 774366 35 7445133 as16s 16 09 80103 70 81213 33 BUI04 16 1712931 71556 07 24 44 LA LB 10 31.1105 1.20 74L501 24 741521 74L530 107445133 a But% 12 50201 92 81774 34 772003 34 144143 BC2I3 30106 02 741532 .24 741.530 711.591 747.5110 93 315157 23 010 80232 57 91E4 46 153 4411166 5 120 0.3103 12 A 9 C 10 80105 1_75 741303 21 753.537 741_532 54703147 161 881053 33 BD*. .57 6.336 32 1E0413 70 135402 13 80134 10 901244E 741504 24 7445* 74/553 Si71r,5136 123 881160 43 30222 03 31337 211 91 110132 26 1666 12 741505 741537 744.566 7445151 73 8/107 10 LA'LB LC 10 811225 40 31333 2$ 81.7126 1.40 MELD/ 160% 17 24 81237 11 80133 1_93 744303 24 7E533 70.5.961237415153 r, A 8 1132 80E2 45 31355 .37 134400 1 6 1252213 13 50238 12 80204 1_33 711509 24 7425* 7445107 .40744.5155 76 Scrag 80231 33 31363 36 11.12365 103 S44 60251 tt 135 741510 24 742542 7465103 447113157 45 A 3 C 12 ROM 33 31367 11 ewes 1333330 1 10 8920 :7 A8 .14 81.1 741511 24 714.547 703112.44 71LSIE 54 9C123 6113236 36 91371 150 1131343 44 210306 142 BC212 1.10 744517 24 741.5.4 1.4.5113 to74_5IM -91 14 50737 25 81422 _20 6/203 MIME 44 2/121223 A B 21 10203 1.40 757.513 33 74.95' 33 ORDERING: All components ate brand new and to lull specification. Please add EAST CORNWALL COMPONENTS, 50p postage/packing (unless otherwise specifiedl to all orders and DEPT. KK 9 then add 15% VAT to the total. Minimum order (5.00. Either send cheque/cash/postal order or send/telephone your Access or Visa 119 HIGH STREET VISA number. Official orders from schools, universities. colleges etc most welcome. WEM (Do not forget to send for our 1985 catalogue only 65p per copy details at top of advertisement.I SHREWSBURY SY4 5TT. TEL 0939 32689 TELEX 35565 RETAIL 1000 sq ft shop. open Mon -Fri 9.00-5.00. Sat. 9 12.00. 28 athertisement eV!:tor electronics october 1985

INVERTERS The prices quoted in my Catalogue are TRANSFORMERS EX -STOCK 1.2.24V DC in 261V AC out V. ISSATIAS :3 15i Co 15451 2' 153 below normal trade price - some at only r 113A skit) Set 143.':2 2 3ViteSrA36a irinitEe Sec Vc.13 arttek 3, t 10.74` E 619) one tenth of manufacturers quantity trade. . , TA. s5:8 T. 3.3 1.111.1115.2 3 nest/II ax 2517iV E133 =.1:1 PEP Az 2348ct 74.03V 2 V. 3113 1533V Just send large 24p stamped addressed 50CNV E211.01 ES 311 V Pete PEP 571 Et Prix PEP 13).711 E41400 331 35 1 335 13: envelope for free copy. :5 134 10 1 2 454 1 As CONSTANT VOLTAGE 213 i 2 53 1.2 1;17 21 731 10 TRANSFORMERS 1, Millions of components: thoLisands of different lines 1 1 10 3: 432 271 15 &Ore -free stable mains RechargeableNickel Cadmiumbatterieslexunused equipment) 3 P. ay Zet 2134 251 3 45 1x 123VA E138.00 MN 233 AA11-1P71 1.25 volt 500 mA. Set of four £2 2) 312 31? 5 12 25 311 2EOVA £173.3 12 1331 2.1? 52 UN 372 5 2 11.3 233 500VA E2.193 I.T.T. Mercury Wetted relay 20-60 VDC Coil. SPCo. 2 A. 79p or 10 for £7 i 11 2175 In 555 13 11 32 23/ 1KVA £220 50 Clear L.E.D. illuminates Red, Green or Yellow depending upon polarity 32 8 3174 331 55 7171 5% '3 33 2112 24 2KVA .... E534 current. 2 24 NM 31 315 tisa 3* 12 ZS 213 243 EKVA E1387.00 Oblong 5 x21/2 mm Face 25p or 100 for £23 or 1000 for £200 1211.2 OI 15 X VS 371 CO -AX CABLE SIMI a 3302i Pc S'2 5 mm Red Flashing L.E.D. 25p or 10 for £2.25 3119 0A 20 43 32.43 URM76502 Pri Z42/ 222.12 Tati 10105 UK. MAN 11510 1D3M Watch/Calculator Lighter etc. Mercury Batteries t4V TO 221 ttnatis 1 aala.1 21. 135 15.227.232 243i P&P f210 - VAT RW52 IPX675) RVV54 Made by Ray -O -VAC lit IX .433 3.r 33 115 2302 AVOS 7MEGGERS 2051 VA Fro PEP lx lie 2 8 11,3611 Elan RW56 (DH323, WH81 30p each or 51 233 30 2.1 .539 re Pro PEP 14.15 Knot 153 20 RW57, RW58 10 for £2.60, 100 for £21 73 155 332 22 OS 1 433 12 lit 230 crest E16 EC 20 1151 t7i IN4004 or 1N4006 Diodes 300 for £6.50 2114 214 2 751 124 Magia Batt E83 70 53) 11% 3.31 105 or TO18 Heatsinks 10 for 75p, 55 32 313 2 4 151 2A 100 for £6.50, 1000 for £55 535 3.a- AVO SPECIAL OFFER 135 555 43 3 E 133 213 7251 Clipover Heatsink forI C or T0202 device 1533 23 50 11 DA211 (40 CO 21 v 18 mm 231 231 55 0 SS 231 4131 43 042300 E5 f0 20p or 10 for £1.80, 100 for £16.50 or 1000 for £155 335 124.33 0 A 5 51 2311 23 333 7022 5 X. Pa? £.1 i3 - VAT Heatsink for TO3 or Plastic Power 19p, 10,£1.80, 100,£17.50, 1000 £165. 515 33.71 0 2 22$ 275 11171 15 323 33 531 0 1 ,;(3S005/01/02 3 amp 50 V/100 V.200 Vlbridge rectifiers 35p 36p 40o 12.24Y or 2423 ?DI METAL OXIDE %IV 5% 11 N 337 0551 04 3: 121 Ste: 114 NY 25 ELECTROSILTR4 0 off £3.20'13.40 £3.70. 100 off £30.£31'£34. 1314 0A2173 213 Pte.: PEP 2 24 1331 ?a CASEO AUTOS RESISTORS E171E0 Plessey SL403 3 Watt amp. From Bankrupt 13 '5 22 31 source, hence sold as 24113 Cadt 131.2 + VAT intested. Qs :5 273 T 4 for EOp or 10 for £1.20c 4113311.205 SCP15.31 1041135( Ska 0 P IZ 334.47,333, 433,510,59). Ste V A Pri Pb? VA Price PEP SEND PAYMENT PLUS 17p SAE OR LABEL tdi 123 15.IKI. 133. 136. 1K8. I.:2i 2 33 31 7N 1 5 B S I TX, I(. 33).153.132.. L'osta: orders cash -- prompt dispatch. .1 12-3 X 3)1 t5 E 117 173 2.72 243. 273 EK. 5%. grx, 1 153 273 131 Cheques require 9 days from a Tuesday banking to clear. : 12 13 333 * M 3341 27a 133X. 1134. 1234. 133K. /131 Crossed postal orders and cheques - add 20p handling due to Banks 205 37-2 3 2 353 a 33 2.4 19)3. 2031. 22(4. VCK. 1 112 2.15 59.3 17.2 445 34 -,.creasing 'commission' on business accounts. 152 330 3sJ 3333: prim 239 1312 2-33 5.2 21.: 29* 4-Tj Cheques drawn on Barclay's Bank not accepted. M 5113 tam 25 321 EDUCATIONAL /3/12 3 ?IC 11 14 0 an 2.s 22.2 3.2 25 '1 METERS -- 2: 7-,a 371 6P1311 3571P4.5- Prices you would not believe before inflation! 1521.2 53.2 02 'I Five SOYA flat? Si Sol 4133. 33 =z 15272 '4.3 75 tarntaS 0-10A. et 323 5 5: OCT-1V U 78 .113rd 52 '125 err! 0C 78,934re 1 435 Pr. 2. 1.41AS 0320.2 01137 333 BRIAN J. REED Stu 2. Tyn..311,43,42.41 354 'Xs 231' OA- EP P& SY X 4 Prix PEP 1040252 i z35 TRADE COMPONENTS : 1 514 113 BARRIE ELECTRONICS LTD : 1 1512 23' ?iA SS% I a 3 61sst ESTABLISHED 28 YEARS usa 2E! ?is irrm Unit 211, Stratford Workshops 161 St. Johns Hill, Clapham Junction, London SW11 1TQ. 3334 31 Sur ,re-sry Burford Road, London E15 2SP a3s 32 n..E.AsE is ,1 Cr. er 11 3)7- 6 3.2 pm Tues. to Sat. Telephone 01-223 5016 423 IX .r.a GINS 1.77.11 Tel: 01-555 0228 13 lines)

AUDIO MODULES AT THE LOWEST PRICES Now Distributed by Riscomp MOVING? Complete and return to: Elektor Electronics, Glentop Publishers Ltd.. Standfast House. POWER AMPLIFIERS PRE-AMPLIRERS & MIXERS AL 1030 fAL30) - Low cost general purpose lOW PA 207 - A quality stereo pre-ernp,ferand It - Bath Place. High Street. Barnet. London ENS lED. module. supplyvoitace range18-301. control unit r...litsble for driving any of the al., amplifiers OtWated horn a supe:y rad of 40. 72 . Please attach magazine label here. list new aadress below, and mail £3.85 - V.A.T. six to eight weeks before you move. If you are receiving duplicate copies of Elektor Electronics, please send both labels_ 71 1540 - 15W Sohm medium sower module - 3 over -toadproter....icn_ Operating Surname

. MNI 100 - 3 `eaturirg incfroclual level controls. rnestet E 1,07e & base cc ttr's E4.15 V.A.T. with inputs for rr magre -- -

andtel. secott --7.se 0030,0 . 7 tram 45-77V. Initials AL 2550 (ALEGI-Compact 25W ElOttm mock.* for domestic apce-oations yOth a chstorhon fcure of )5%.00eAstwg yottsge nine 25-50V.

E12.40 - V.A.T. £4.95 V.A.T. Street/Ave./Blvd.

AL 5070 tA11201 - Top cuss SOW P.Onm 1a3 er=eot toe 2 gi-n- richseif-conra,nedheat 3,55and52't- r.iorection cocotry. prodox's realry 1st czass E12 - VAT .z-nitt with a distortion level at an irwed.t- e Or, Town POWER SUPPLY SPM90/45/55/65 A stabdse - in3 va,..2;es.4555 E. 65Y output of up to 2A and prov.r..,.. 2 f12.45 ,- V.A.T. performerce espevally V1,411 the auti: 0 mOdu'eS.lBefluleean IL - 110 tit nstei,r.et + teserto,r capacitor). AL sasao tAL250) - A rugged top of the ran;r- County/Province/State modute providing output powers of up to 125W intoecho's which employs 4 heavy duty mutt trariPstors to ensure a cable and reCet ,:- oerferrnance. Cumfgly used in disco units. pis address systems. Arlie boxes and even domes. £6.85 - V.A.T. Post code/Zip/Area code E14.70 + VA T ,agAll modules supplied with a AIL or comprehensive Data Sheet.o'T

Dept EK 10 Country Order by post order by "Phone 51 POPPY ROAD Add 15% VAT. to all pekes RISICIINIP U K Gnaws add 70p post & pacluog PRINCES RISBOROUGH. Export orders post & pecking at cost BUCKS LIMITED TEL. Idle 4416326

29 elektor electronics October 1985 Today's motor yachtsman is faced with increasingly crowded waters and it is, therefore, more important than ever that he accurately knows not only the speed and direction of his craft, but also the wind angle and speed. Mechanical devices for measuring these quantities on board motor yachts have been in use for manyyears. by B Gibbons Unfortunately, they tend to be cumbersome and cannot be easily displayed in the cockpit. The marine computer presented here, which has worked satisfactorily on board a motor yacht for several seasons*, provides digital read-outs in the cockpit and at the navigator's pos- ition of the wind angle relative to the yacht; apparent wind speed; boat speed; trip distance (log); and total distance travelled. Atan Note, however, that it has not been tested in our estimated cost of £200...£250, it compares favourably with proprietary own laboratories. Ed. systems selling at some £1500. marine computer

The unit operates from a 12 V DC source board 2, CPU board 1, cockpit display, and via a power supply which provides the navigator's display. The transducers are following voltages (see figure 1). connected to the interface board via a IN 12 V DC for energizing the start-up 9 -pin D -type plug and socket. The inter- relay. face board and CPU board are fitted to a II 8 V DC for operating the wind direction small backplane by 64 -way connectors. system, the Hall effect switch, and the The displays are connected to the CPU LM 339 comparator. board by 15 -way D -type connectors. The 5 V DC for powering the CPU (central wiring to the D -type connectors is shown processing unit), and the interface and in figure 7. display boards. The wind direction information is pro- -5 V DC, derived via an inverter from vided by a wind vane which is coupled to the 8 V line, for operating the analogue - the two wipers of a circular resistor, a to -digital converter. Penny & Giles Type D40990. This compo- A 16 V Type RS283261 transient suppressornent has three taps at 120° intervals; the deals with any spikes from the charging resistance between the taps is 2 kg. A alternator. voltage of 8 V DC is applied across the A 4 volt NiCd internal battery ensures wipers. The resistor acts as a voltage retention of memory for up to six months splitter, so that when the wipers are when the craft's supply is switched off. moved by the wind vane, the voltage at The battery is trickle charged automati- any tap is directly proportional to the cally from the boat's power supply. angle of the vane. The forward facing tap A 1N4001 diode precludes damage from is connected to pin 14 of the analogue -to - polarity reversal, and prevents back digital converter, IC3, on the interface leakage on power on. board via pin 23A of the 64 -way connector, and provides the wind angle between 0° Figure 1. Circuit diagram Hardware and 180°. The other two taps are con- of the power supply showing the internal Apart from the power supply, the system nected to pins 8 and 9 of comparator IC1 back-up battery and consists of three transducers (wind speed, on the interface board via pins 21A and supply connections to the wind direction, and boat speed), interface 22 A of the 64 -way connector, and provide various ICs.

1 4V 12 V 5V 5 V eArrugy (:) 8V

0

30 sensing as to port or starboard. amplifier IC7. The output of the amplifier elektor electronics The wind speed is ascertained with the is preset to 2.5 V in the quiescent state by october 1985 aid of an anemometer with two magnets in a resistor network. Rotation of the impeller the base that rotates over a Hall effect causes an output voltage swing of switch, which is connected to pin 6 of 0.2...4.8 V. The output (pin 5) is applied to comparator ICI on the interface board. pin 4 of IC1, whose output at pin 2 is used The comparator is arranged as a Schmitt to trigger the second monostable in IC5 trigger to suppress the noise in the long (pin 4). The monostable then provides a leads (about 20 m) between the Hall effect 5 ms pulse to pin 15 of I/O port B, from switch and the interface board. The output where it is used by the softwire. This of IC1 at pin 1 is used to trigger one of system counts accurately from 1 Hz to the monostables in IC5 (pin 12). The 100 Hz. monostable then provides a 5 ms pulse at The speed of the water over the bottom of its pin 9. which is fed to pin 16 of I/O port the boat varies with the shape of the boat. B, and then used by the software. The consequent error in boat speed and Information as to boat speed, trip distance travelled is negated by a 16 -way distance, and -total distance travelled is switch and IC2. The required distance provided by a small impeller fitted in the adjustment and speed divider are read at hull of the boat. The impeller contains a start up. magnet with an inductor above it. When To ensure correct operation of the CD4543 the impeller is turned by the water, an multiplexers in the display units, 47 kQ alternating voltage is induced in the pull up resistors have to be provided to inductor, which is fed to high -gain CMOS I/O port A (external data bus), and to the

Figure 2. Circuit diagram 2 of the CPU board. B 5V IC7 =N1 ... N4 = 4071 -5Vo32 IC8 =N5 ... N7 = 741_81:10 4!. IC11 = N8 ... N10 =1474LSO4 *5 V O .5 V 6

-4- RS 334965

2 13031511n14 HI o ° Toen.. l 103 1C7 IC1 5 11 1 I I. 4017 25 ie* 1C4 4520 4520 I 4528 78 410".

I I_ LO O 27 ..... C.:Ut 1 12: 9 11 11 9;15171 14 L___I 91"1 71 RESET 0

START CONV.O 23 RAIA EN o 26

BATTERY 31 5V 1V BACAP/-ANE0 4

5V V gool11113WisltalT7 91011113114115115117 8ii:3838V-3 ganSITES N IC5 106 21 20 27016 6116 3 EPROM RAM 13 '4;2'4.1.11Z.nC 2.122I:irtZW&i 0/ .6, 871 61 51 41 31 21it23j2211g 76 4 3 2 1 _2.19 N

GHO ®

5 V

PE17 PBS 3333131 JJ P85 86 SZBES PBI PBS Pat Pal 34 20 ios0 PBS 35 650i 9 PA7 40 CPU PA5 37 6 PA5 19 PA< 34 12 13 P43 21 P12 22 23 -111i1 II PA I 0 9 10 0 PAO 24 5V

.71.27 131133 = "1111111" N 5 O

850772

31 elektor electronics october 1985 3 A B

DIRIR O 23 3 START COW/ O 25 DATA VALID 270P 32 5V 0 1000 5V .5 V 0 v to 10 5V S. SPEED AD? 15k DATA HI 30 SWITCH 0 29 5V 0 28 0 7 7321 14 141121 41 2T6T101 loot 18 1C3 -RS 741-S36B 8073 g 9 PA7 PA,O a PAE/ ft PA6 0 O a mattiturn 7 PAS 13 5S 7 5 7 Cif Mil PAS 0 O 7 PA.4 HI PAP O a 0 1.0 (1) PA3 0 5 PA3 5V PAZ 0 '4 PAT ///A7/ PAT 0 PA1 5V PADO 2 PAD 5V

4 rr®47k r 5V LATCH 5 0-/6 13 10 650n 1550, LATCH 4 0ta 11 11 14 9 12 3 LATCH 3 O ice LATCH 2 O 12 5 13 741-3138 5 tel5 LATCH 1 0_12 3 14 13 LATCH 0 0._ 11 1 15 4

P/37 PB7 O 79 12 4 17 TRIP/TOT 0 O PB6 23 16 PBS PBS 15 P84 PB4 Pa3 PB2 PST O _t2 P51 5V 5V PHO 0 11 FB0

WINO IN 17

O 22 PORT Al STBD O 21

ICI = Al ... A4 = LM339

RAM EN 25 BOAT IN 0 25 5V 12V 12 V o 12 V

3 V 8V

START RES 19

2 BACKPLANE 0_24 0

SOL -5 V O 31 5V

GPID 0

5V BOAT IN

65077.3 Figure 3. Circuit diagram of the interface board. outputs of latch IC4 (see figure 3). (pin 10) starts analogue -to -digital converter The CPU board is of conventional con- IC3 on the interface board. figuration, comprising, apart from micro- processor IC10, a PIA (peripheral interface Software adapter), IC9, an EPROM, IC5, a static On reset, the computer sets up the stack, RAM, IC6, a number of OR (IC7) and programmes the PIA, clears the trip NAND (IC8) gates, hex inverter IC11, and a distance, and reads the setting of the divider chain, IC1...IC3. This chain speed & distance adjust switch. This set- divides the 1 MHz clock signal into a ting is used to correct the distance base 48 Hz signal for the displays (IC3 - pin 5), and as an index for obtaining the boat - and a 3 Hz signal for one of the speed divisor. monostables in IC4. The consequent The main program is a loop that con- positive going pulse from the monostable stantly scans ports PB4 and PBS for a wind

32 elektor electronics or boat speed signal. If such signals are 4 1 present, a count to the relevant memory october 1985 locations takes place, and a flag is set. This flag prevents further counting until the signals have gone. When the flags are cleared, counting can continue on the ..... 0 next signal(s). 4543 B IRQ is the system time base and occurs every '/3 second; it adds up all of the .1'1,, memory locations and then divides them to obtain the average of each of the wind speed, boat speed, and wind direction 4643B functions. Each of these is therefore ser- viced once per second, or very nearly so. N- The result is stored ready for display. The En) add -and -divide routine takes 4 ms, hence 20 the need for the 5 ms pulse from the monostables. 1Q NMI is signalled from the analogue -to - digital converter. The signal that starts the conversion is given at the same time as n IRQ; conversion takes about 1.25 ms. On / NMI, the computer reads the analogue -to - o PIZ 1a2 digital converter, stores the result, and puts all the information to the displays. The boat speed distance is based on 256 counts per 1/100 nautical mile. This count is reduced by 4 for every increment of the switch: at setting F. therefore, there are 0 192 counts per 1/100 nautical mile. As 0 stated before, this is needed to compen- sate for different boat shapes. The boat speed is a running average of 10 seconds. 40 The trip distance is a straightforward 3. count of boat speed and lapsed time. n151t1;31--513 The wind speed is a running average of 5 seconds. Most boat anemometers are 4543 30 designed to give 1 revolution per 2 knots of wind speed. With 2 magnets, therefore. // ti there is 1 count for every knot of wind, 20 a which makes matters very simple indeed. 21,111:11.11,1 it IA The wind direction is a 2 second running average. The analogue -to -digital converter 4848 is set to give an output of 240 (decimal: hex = FO) for 180° of wind (astern). The full scale of the converter is, therefore,

used to give optimum resolution. Six r1,111 --t MI5 15r readings are taken over 2 seconds, and then divided by 8 to correct the angle. .44313 31,-is.0 a Construction The CPU and interface are each con- structed on a 100 x160 mm eurocard. The two cards are fitted to a small mother- board (backplane) by 64 -way connectors. 0 0

The power supply is mounted behind the 1',!'..t motherboard, and the whole then fits in a diecast case of 222 x 148 x 55 mm - Fig.8. The displays are housed in plastic water- Figure 4. Circuit diagram proof cases, and are connected to the connect the same pin to the +8 V line of the cockpit display computer by D plugs. All connectors and adjust the GAIN control on pin 13 of unit. should be high -quality with gold-plated IC3 for a display reading of 182 or 183. If terminals to prevent their rapid deterio- this cannot be achieved, reduce the 320 k ration in the harsh marine environment. resistor as appropriate (by trial and error). The cockpit display should be back -lit. Note that a reading of 182 or 183 is indi- preferably red, for night use. cated, because in practice it is virtually impossible to achieve 180° (at least, if that Setting up instructions is the top display reading). Wind direction. Connect pin 23A in Fig. 3 Wind speed. Disconnect the 1 k pull-up DIR IN to ground and adjust the 20 k resistor from All in Fig. 3 and connect preset on pin 16 of IC3 until the display this pin to A24 in Fig. 3. The wind speed reads - and just holds - "000". Next. should then read 48...49 knots.

33 elektor electronics october 1985 5 Nat: Inpan of a5tpin DP2 H 4070 518NDOf 0

BACKPLANE

4070 04.0404 oin OPT .4-----V X n ft- g 1------9 A

BACKPLANE 24 ti BACKPLANE Ri LATCH 1 LATCH 0 6

.4 .5 f 52 N a 7_7 c 1 ,4 C3 Ct u :11 \ O PAO 3 PAt 45 PAT O PA3 PA4 d/r 7 /./ PAS II PA6 9 PAT

2 0 TRIPiTOTAL TRIP/ 0 RESET TOTAL,S1,1 Rib kq

Figure 5. Circuit diagram ISOIT-S of the navigator's display unit. 6 Boat speed. Connect pins A18 and A25 (BOAT IN) in Fig. 3 together and adjust the BOAT SPEED 1 BOAT IN 50 k preset between pins 1 and 5 of IC7 until the potential at pin 4 of A3 is 2.5 V. BARON BLUE TRANSDUCER Next, connect pin A25 to pin A24 (BACK - PLANE , when the boat speed should BOAT SPEED BOAT IN read 6...8 knots with the RS334965 selec- tor (Fig. 2) in position 0, and 8...9 knots 2 STBD with the selector in position 15. PORT Intermediate values can be calculated from PENNY T. GILES 040940 26 b4tInnn taps speed display*=1757/number of counts for 0.01 mile. *within +0.1 knot DIRECTION 0 DIR IN Initialization. To get zeros in InwrE and **3T (boat total distance) on initialization, BARON short-circuit pins I and 2 of gate NI in Fig- ANEMOMETER ure 2 to ground, and switch the supply on 2 V and off a couple of times until zeros appear on the distance display. Discon-, WIND SPEED WIND nect the short before finally switching off, when the zeros should be maintained. If HALL Matt tOn blanks apear on the display initially, this is GND because outputs over 9 are not displayed. Figure 6. Connecting The actual total distance displayed is not diagram of the 5,077-6 important, but needs to be maintained in transducers. 7 PAO O PAO .5 V O -5 V O 0 PA1 O PA1 TRIP/TOTAL LATCH 5 BOAT IN O O WIND IN 0 PA2 O PA2 O RESET O STBD O LATCH 4 O BOAT IN 0 PA3 O PA3 O LATCH 1 LATCH 3 O O PORT O GND 0 PA4 O PA4 O DIR IN LATCH 0 O LATCH 2 O O O PA5 O PA5 GND BACKPLANE O BACKPLANE O 8V 0 PA6 O PA6 GND O GND 0 PA7 PA7 Figure 7. Pin layout of the 85077-7 D -type connectors.

34 elektor electronics 8 box october 1985 1222x 148x55mm)

power supply board (Vero) backplane or mother board IVerol

CPU card

interface card

support connect Dos 4-lid of box L_I LJ

I t I power input input and output ports socket ID plugs and sockets) 8307741 Figure 8. Construction plan of the control unit.

08118.E806 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 769ABCDEF OCOS 48 98 48 BA 48 A9 67 SO 21 OE AO20SE BD 18 SE H.H.H...... DOSS: FF FF FF FFFE FF FF FF FC F9 FS EE FABFF2 FE DCIS148 46 95 88 ES E0 46 DO 62 A2 46 86 46 A9 FF 80 .F....F...S.F D618: FF FE FE FFFF FF FF FF F4 FE F2 F7 F8 DF FO F5 0C211 22 SE A2 28 AD OF SE 38 82 A2 58 OA 05 13 80 28 .....P.... 24 BE A9 84 0828: FS FF FF FFFE FF FF FF F8 FF F7 FF F2 FF F3 DF DL31 S E AP 85 ED 21 11E SD IS SE AS 14SD D838: F7 FF FE FFFF FF FE FF F2 FF F2 FA FE ED F6 D9 DC46 BD 21 SE BD 113 SE AS 11 60 28 SE A9 02 8D 21 E ...... D840. FF FF FF FFFF FB FE FF FA FF F8 FD F2 FB FE D7 MSS 80 112 SE AS 12 BC29SE A9 83 80 21 SE 80 18 SE 0856: FF FE FF FFFF FF FF FF FO 98 F9 OF FA FB FO F7 DC611 AA SC A4 60 AD SE OE 31 84 A6 SE A4 SF SC 21 OE 0864: FF FF FE FFFD FF FF FF F2 F6 Fe F7 Ft F5 F6 FE DC78A9 81 80 21 OE 80 IS SE BE 29 OE A9 Be BO 21 OE ... ! ..... 0878: FE FF FF FFFF FF FF FF Fl FF FS E3 FS EE FS FB OCOS D IS BE BD 22 OE de AA 68 AS 68 46 FF FF FF FF 0858. FF FF FE FFFE FF F7 FF F4 FF FB FA F13 ED F2 FF DC98 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFP FF FF FF FFFF O 11901 FD FF FF FFFF FF FF FF F4 DO Fl FF FS FF F2 DE OCAS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FE FF FF DSA$1. FF FF FF FFFF FF FF FF F2 FD F4 F3 F2 F3 ES D7 MSS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF D882. FE FF FF FSFF FF FF FF F8 FF Fl FD Fl F9 F7 FE OCCO FP FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF COLS. FE FF FF FFFE FF FF. FF ES FF El FF F4 98 Fl FE DCOS FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DSO*: FF FE FF FFFF FF FF FE F5 F6 Fl CF F2 F5 F2 DE CCES FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 06E8s FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FS FF F6 FF Fe E6 Ft 07 DCFS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FP FE Dere, FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Fl FF F8 FF F9 FF Ft FE DOSS ES A2 Be 86 SS 86 SI 66 62 AS 65 AS 4A 4A 4A 44 JJJJ DM. A2 FF 94 ES 86 SC 86 SD A9 68 SS 89 85 SA 85 OS 0010 65 63 46 29 OF 65 84 AS S6 AS 4.4 4A 4A 4A 85 05 ...) JJJJ.. 0910: A9 OF 80 23 SE AP 86 SD 21 OE AD 20 8E 80 1B OE ...8...... D028 98 29 IF 85 96 .42 63 AO 6616 98 75 VS 38 85 87 .1 u.6. 0928: 29 3F 85 IS 4A 44 AS 89 68 FF SS 15 AV 49 85 16 )'..JJ 1 D039 99 BC AS 18 A9 61 65 81 85 SI Cl 38 Be Fe AS AS 093$:A92885 24 A9 38 85 35 AV 48 85 46 58 DO AO IC . .1.6.5.S.FX 0048 82 C9 SS FO le 38 89 SI 85 12 18 A9 81 65 I 65 O 940:OE 29 06 A9 86 85 17 FS 36 A5 173832 E6 IV DO .8 ...... 6..62 DOSS el 98 38 84 09 98 16 65 87 AS 29 FS 4A 4A 4A 4A ..S...... ).JJJJ D958,IF AS 18 65 19 18 Fe AS SC 69 SI 85 IC CI11 65 s e DO68 65 2 98 29 SF SA SA SA SA AS EH 8A C9 87 FS 1E ) JJJJ.o 13968:OD 65 OD 18 AS SE .69 81 65 SE 98 64 65 SF 65 OF 1 e. DD7S A5 SO SA IA IA SA 65 SO AS SI 4A 4A 4A 4A le AS D970:FB A4 2A IS 85 66 69 81 95 68 De A9HO65 17 AO ..1...i COM 88 85 08 A5 el SA SA OA SA 85 81 38el PeDS 66 8 O 986: D SE 31 116 A9 S 85 18 F6 12 AS 18 38 OF FB A6 ..0 ...... 8 OOPS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0999:35 18 65 80 69 81 95 08 AP St 65 16 08 4C 3E F9 5.... L). DDAS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FE FF FF FF FF DVASsFF FE FE FF FF FF FF FE Ft FF F3 EF F3 FD F2 F8 COBS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FE FF FF FF FF 0968.FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF F4 FF FS FA F5 FS Fl OF COCA FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF D9CO:FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF F6 FE FS FF F4 FF F2 FF 0008 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF D901,FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FS CE FS FE FE F7 FB FD DOES FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF D9E0.FF FF FF FF FF FF F7 FF Fl FS FE FC F9 EE F7 OF DOES FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF D9FO:FF FF F7 FF FF FF FF FF Fl FF FS FF FD FF Fl FF DEIS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF DAS,:48 98 48 SA 48 AS 69 28 88 AS OA 3S 59 AS 08 28 H.H.H..8...11Y..11 DEIS FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FE Ff FF FF DAIS:53 A2 21 FO AO SO 84 05 AS 28 18 75 SO VS 02 E6 5.. u.... FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF PAU. 65 EB ES 2A Fe 82 De F2 06 85 66 65 66 65 86 65 1 0E28 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DAIS, AS 114- SA 8A SA 85 66 98 44 4A 4A 44 18 65 65 85 JJJJ.e.. DE48 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DA481 65 AS 15 85 07 28 SO FO AS 61 65 11 A9 IS 65 69 DE59 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DA59: 42 68 816 SA A6 2A ES ES 2A DO 62 A2 28 66 2A 95 ..... 1..1... .1 DE60 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FE FF FF FF II 4C 22 FB 38 55 A2 38 F8 AO OS 84 85 85 06 18 .L..08.0 DE78 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF E6 11 35 FP IS 75 88 90 F6 E6 85 88 F2 06 85 06 .5 u DES9 FF FF FE FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DABS:15 66 65 66 85 AS SA SA @A OA 29 FS 65 06 98 4A DE9t FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DAPS:44 4A 4A 18 65 05 85 85 .4516 85 87 26 BO FD AS JJJ DEA* FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FE DAAS: I/1 0512 A2ea86 OB A9 SO 85 SA 46 35 ES ES 33 5 5 DEEM FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FP FF FEFF FF FFFE DAS9,DO 82 A2 30 95 88 64 35 4C 22 FB 18 DS AO 86 A2 DECK FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF DAM48 85 61116 ES 80 46 FO 67 75 OS 99 F6 Ce180F3 S F u DEDS FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF OADO.4A 4A 44 SS 68 98 SA IA OA IA OA 18 65 IS BS OS JJJ e. DEES FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DAD,:A2 61 86 1112 A9SOF8 46 SO 98 62 69 86 46 SO 98 F I.F. DEFS FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF DAF:82 69 SI 46 SO 98 82 69 83 46 68 91 62 69 87 46 MIS: 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 6261 641 58 57 56 55 54 53 th5fe64010X3VISTS 08881IS 91 82 69 15 46 66 PO 82 69 31 46 08 98 04 69 OFISI FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FFFF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Dela.63 Se 86 46 OR 98 113 69 27 ES SS 14 86 13 A9ea DF21: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FEFF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0820:85 89 DB 68 AA 68 AS 68 48 FD F5 F7 F4 FE F6 EE DF38: FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FFFF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0088: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF F6 FF F4 FD F5 FE FD FE 111F48, FE FE FF FF FF FF FF FFFF FE FF FE FF FF FF FF 0e48, FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FO DE Ft FF FC FF F6 E2 DFSII FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFE FF FP FE FF FF FF FF De58, FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Fe DF FO FS F2 EF F4 FF DF641. FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0664: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF F8 FB F6 CF F2 EF F6 FF DF78. FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF 00711: FF FF FB FF F7 FE FE FE F9 FF FS F5 Efi E7 FO FA DF89, FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FF D884: FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF F9 FC F5 FB FS F8 Ft FF DF96. FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFE FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF D891: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FA FF FA FD F4 FB Fa ES DFAS: FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 0648: FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF CD Fe FD FS FD F4 FC DF84: FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF 0886: FF FF FF FF F7 FF FE FF FA FF FS FF F5 ES FS F9 DFCS: FF FE FF FF FF FF FFFF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF FE FF FF FF FS 7F FS F7 FS FE FD FA DFDS: FF FF FF FF FE FF FFFF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF D606. FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FD FF FC FF F4 FF FO FF DFES: FF FF FF FF FE FF FFFF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF FF DOES. FF FF FF FF FE FE FF FF Fe OF F4 F8 FA FF FA FF DfF11. FF FF FF FF FF FF FFFF FF FF II FC 08 F9 68 FA DISFes FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF Fe FF FS FF F6 FF F2 FF EBBS. OS Table 1. Data stored in the event of a temporary power failure or boat, for instance, during the winter EPROM (IC5 in Fig. 2); the EPROM is available accidental operation of the reset button. season, connect the 12 V power input pins under reference 538. Note Calibration on board. Set the water together to reduce the drain on the back- that owing to a transposi- transducer in line with the prevailing up battery. tion from one computer water flow until the highest speed is indi- to another the addresses in this table read D***. cated. Make several runs at steady speed Baron Instruments Ltd whereas they should, of over a measured distance, making 6 West Wycombe Road course, read F. allowance for tide, and adjust the selector High Wycombe switch until displayed and calculated Bucks HP11 2LG H distances and speeds are the same. Press the reset button after each adjustment to read the new selector value. Finally. If the instrument is taken off the

35 elektor electronics october 1985 9 ELECTRICALCABLE

LOCAT HANDLE PIN

RETAINING NUT BLANKING CAP GLAND (KNURLED FOR BONDING) RECESS IN TO HULL IF REOUIRED

BOAT HULL SKIN HOLE (Cam) DIA IMPELLER WEED Figure 9. Mounting details DEFLECTOR of the water transducer for glass fibre hulls. 10

ELECTRICAL CAW E

HANDLE

RETAINING NUT

GLAND

HOLE i (4 3 RN) DIAL

RECESS IF RECESS BOAT HULL REQUIRED FIANCE SKIN IF REQUIRED Figure 10. Mounting WEED DEFLECTOR details of the water -IMPELLER transducer for timber hulls.

11 SUPPORT TUBE

MAST HEAD BRACKET

.,...---/ XRETAINI NG PLUG- , SCREW \ e -

SOCKET . ' BASE PLATE NUTS121._ap :...c.I .--- WASHERS(2) 'LP -,--j---- . - ..... /SCREWS-I ELECTRICAL CABLE TERMINAL BLOCK I,-, (FITTED FIXING SCREWS(3) ADJACENT TO MAST HEEL BASE PLATE ALIGNmENTsCALF- CLEAROF BILGE 2.SECMENTS WATER)

MAST HEAD Figure 11. Masthead mounting details of the wind transducer. 12

WIND VANE

COUNTER DISTANCE SHAFT WEIGHT TUBE

LOCATING BAR

- - TRANSDUCER BODY

SUPPORT TUBE

-WIND CUPS

Figure 12. Wind vane assembly.

36 elektor electronics october 1985 clock design ideas parallel resonant frequency, the crystal oscillators 1 behaves again as a capacitance (as i did below f5). At about three times the An oscillator is a circuit that converts fundamental resonant frequency, there direct -current power into alternating -a is again a series and a parallel resonan- current power, in contrast to a gener- ce: this is called the third harmonic ator, which is a device that converts frequency of the crystal. The physical mechanicalenergyintoelectrical representation of how a crystal can vibrate at three times its fundamental energy. 551164 There are, basically, two categories of frequency is given in Fig. 3. The thin oscillator that are of interest to the 0+0 electronics engineer:harmonic and relaxation. The former produce sinu- 3 Fig. 1(a) Equivalent circuitof quartz soidal waveforms and contain at leastcrystal, and (b) circuit symbol. one active element that supplies power constantly to the passive components, whereas relaxation oscillators produceL, and R, are not true electrical com- non -sinusoidal waveforms, suchasponents, but merely serve to illustrate rectangular pulses. the performance of a crystal vibrating An oscillator is generally an amplifierat, or near, its resonance frequency, operating with positive feedback in awhile C0 is the electrostatic capaci- manner whereby an output ispro-tance of the electrodes, and H2 is the duced without any input signal. Toconnection resistance, which normallyFig. 3 Physical representation of a vibrat- achieve the desired frequency, everyhas such a low value that it can being crystal. oscillator contains a frequency - ignored. Typical values for a 100 kHz determining part, which may be an LCcrystal are L =85 H; C, =0.03 pF; circuit, a phase -shifting RC network,R, =280 Q; and C0=3.5 pF. quartz disc is deformed longitudinally, or a quartz crystal. The series -parallel equivalent circuitbut the deflection at the suspension Clock oscillators are the simplest ofshows that there is both a series res- points remains zero, so that only vibra- crystal oscillator, which may, none theonant frequency, f; (zero impedance), tions that are an odd multiple of the less, have an overall accuracy of 50and a parallel resonant frequency, fp fundamental frequency can take place. p.p.m. These oscillators form the back-(infinite impedance). The series reson- Modern crystals are available with fun- bone of the vast majority of digitalant frequency is damental frequencies from a few kHz circuits. up to about 30 MHz, third harmonics The amplification of an amplifier ope- 1 IMHz) (2) from 20...90 MHz, and fifth harmon- 2ni LC1 rating with positive feedback is given ics from 60...150 MHz. Note that the mode of vibration is primarily depen- by The parallel resonant frequency is dent upon the thickness of the plate. A A' = (1) 1-13A 4 - (MHz) (3) 2711C Requirements of a clock where A'isthe amplification with where oscillator feedback; A is the open -loop amplifi- Clock oscillators must be reliable, eas- CCU cation; and f3 is the portion (expressed C - ' (4) ilyreproducible,andsimple.An as a vulgar or decimal fraction) of the + Co example of such an oscillator is shown output that is fed back to the input. From (2) and (3) it is evident that thein Fig. 4. This operates in the parallel In designing oscillators, it is necessaryparallel resonant frequency is always to control the feedback in a mannergreater than the series resonant fre- whereby f3A =1 (the Barkhausen cri-quency,although,since Cs>>C1,4 terion) is true at only one frequency:they are very close. the desired frequency. When this cri-If the modulus of impedance, IZI, of terion is met, an output signal existsthe crystal is plotted as a function of even when the input signal is zero. the frequency, a characteristic curve as shown in Fig. 2 is obtained. When the The quartz crystal frequencyisincreased beyond the A quartz crystal is cut from a bar of manufactured quartz. If an alternating2 electric potential is applied across a (0. Fig. 4 Circuit of a simple clock oscillator certain direction (related to Young's operating in the parallel mode. modulus) of the crystal, mechanical vibrations result.If the frequency of the applied potential corresponds to a mode, which generally means at fun- natural frequency of vibration of the damentalfrequency.The dynamic crystal, very powerful vibrations are set capacitance (C, in Fig. 1) and capaci- up, which, in turn, cause an alterna- tors C, and C2 form a capacitive div- tingfieldacrossthecrystal.The ider, which means that the inverting

mechanical vibrations suffer little from 1111) amplifierneeds ahigh impedance damping and have a sharp resonance IS Ip input and output (whence the current peak. Fig. 2 Modulus (=magnitude) of source symbol at its output). The out- The equivalentcircuitofaquartzimpedance plotted against frequency. put current should not exceed a cer- cyrstal is shown in Fig 1. Note that C1, tain maximum value, otherwise the

37 elektor electronics october 1985 design ideas 9 crystal may become damaged. Also, since some of the energy is converted into heat by R,, an excessive current may adversely affect the stability. In general, the power supplied to crystals operating in the 2...30 MHz range should not exceed 10 mW: a safe value is 1...3 mW. Some special crystals for operation below 2 MHz should not be supplied with more than 100 1.1W. Fig. 9 Although this parallel -mode oscil- lator using low -power Schottky TTL gates needs fewer components than its series - mode counterpart, it is hardly ever found 5 in practice. Fig. 7 A parallel -modeoscillatorcan operate on harmonic frequencies(to which the LC circuit is tuned). but this isare intended for use with low power rarely done in practical circuits. Schottky - LS - gates, that in Fig. 10 uses high-speed CMOS devices. Relia- element is tuned to, or, rather, to justble operationisguaranteed up to Fig. 5 Circuit of a series -mode oscillator,below,the harmonic, because the which is, however, not very reliable inmodulusofimpedancemustbe10 operation. capacitive.Although thecircuitof Fig. 7 is suitable for operation at up to the fifth harmonic, it is rarely used in A series -mode oscillator, Fig. 5, uses a practice. non -inverting amplifier, so that both the input and the output are low impedance. This type of circuit is notPractical circuits very reliable. For instance, when the 0 Ni, N2 = '34049; of the crystalis not very high, theThemostfrequentlyencountered '374HCUO4 oscillator may work as an astableoscillator using NOT gates (inverters) is multivibrator (AMV). The quality factor, Q of a crystal is 65116.10 8 RI R2 Fig. 10Whenunbufferedhigh-speed 2af4L 1 - - 2trf5C1R1 (5) CMOS gates are used, the parallel -mode oscillator is second to none. Even fundamental frequency crystals may, in a series -mode circuit, prefer to work on the third harmonic. It is, there- 30 MHz. The value of R is computed fore, advisable that, in general, clock from oscillators use parallel -mode circuits. R =1041f,- 300 IQ) (7)

Overtone oscillators 85116.8 where fcis the crystal frequency in Oscillators intended for operation onFig. 8 One of the most common crystalMHz. harmonics of the crystal frequency areoscillator circuits using TTL gates. Since the output impedance of the called overtone oscillators. The series- gates is fairly low,itis necessary to mode overtoneoscillatorofFig. 6 connect a resistor in series with the shown in Fig. 8. This series -mode cir-outputtoprevent damageto,or cuit is suitable for operation between 1destruction of, the crystal. It would be 6 and 8 MHz. Fine adjustment of the fre-better to use a control system, but that quency is provided by trimmer C,.Ifis not easy to realize with gates. the required frequency accuracy is notIf, however, the oscillator uses discrete great, the trimmer may be omitted.components, output control may be Capacitor Co prevents operation on aachieved in a convenient manner- harmonic frequency. The value of R, see Fig. 11. The active element in this is 2k2 for operation below 2 MHz. Thecircuitis a dual -gate MOSFET. The value of R2 it calculated from interesting feature of this circuit is that the DC bias is obtained by feedback R2 =3000/fp (41 (6) from the drain to gate G2. Diode D, in the feedback loop ensures that the Fig. 6 A series -mode oscillator can bewhere fc is the crystal frequency in made to operate on the third harmonic by potential at G2 drops as soon as the the use of a notch filter tuned to theMHz. signal at the drain exceeds 1.5 V. fundamental frequency. A better oscillator using inverter gatesThis causes a reduction of the current is given in Fig. 9; it operates in parallel through T,, which limits the peak out- mode. Resistor R serves to limit theput of the oscillator. needs a notch filter, L -C -C4, tuned tocurrent through the crystal. If fine fre-A high drain impedance is obtained by the fundamental crystal frequency, forquency adjustment is not required, C,connecting a10 mH choke,L.,,in satisfactory operation. In the parallel- may be omitted and CI, increased toseries with R3. mode overtone oscillatorofFig. 7, 56 pF. This circuit is suitable for useTransistor T2 is not required if the out- however, it is sufficient that either thebetween 1 and 30 MHz. put of the MOSFET is AC coupled to a input or the output of the activeWhereas the oscillators in Fig. 8 and 9trigger circuit (LS or HC MOS).

38 elektor electronics October 1985 The oscillator of Fig. 11 is intended for operation with fundamental frequency crystals in the parallel mode over the design ideas frequency range of 0.1...30 MHz. It can, however, easily be modified forfifth harmonic, with the help of a fre-oscillator to switch off. The correct operation on harmonics. To this end,quency counter. If such a counter ispositionof C1 isaboutmidway R, is replaced by an LC circuit tunednot available, connect the detector of between the two points thus found. If to the desired harmonic - see Fig. 12.Fig. 13 to the output and turn the trim- this position is far from the centre pos- When this circuit is required to operatemer until the meter deflects. Turning ition, the value of L2 is incorrect, or at frequencies above about 45 MHz, athe trimmer even further will cause the thecircuitistunedtothe wrong BFR91 should be used in the T2 pos- harmonic. ition, and H5 should be reduced to about 220 D. The value of L2 is deter- 5V mined by 14

L2 =724/4211.4H1

where fcis the crystal frequency in MHz. A 0 value of around 30 is sufficient. The oscillator of Fig. 12 is suitable for operation at frequencies up toFig. 13 This detector circuit can be used to 100 MHz. The L2C circuit is tuned totune the L2 -C,, circuit in Fig. 12 if a fre- the correct frequency, i.e., the third orquency counter is not available.

11 < 10 rnA Ub

Fig. 14 This oscillator for operation on 3rd harmonic frequencies need not be tuned.

Another type of third -harmonic oscil- lator is shown in Fig. 14. The resonant frequency of the LC circuit is

fre,=0.63f3 [MHz) 19)

where 13 is the frequency of the third harmonic in MHz. This circuit does not need trimming, because at the fundamental frequency it is inductive and can, therefore, not oscillate. At the third harmonic itis Ti =BF 961;BF 981 capacitive, however, so that oscillating T2 = BF 494 lc:01-30E1H: 300 9511611 is possible. The value of L is calculated from

Fig. 11 The best oscillators still use discrete components; this circuit is intended for L =1616/f32ipH1 (10) operation on the fundamental crystal frequency. where f3 is the frequency of the third 12 harmonic in MHz. 14

Ti = BF 961; BF 981

: SOMHz T2 = BF 494; BFR 91 cr 5th hater -C.< IZ 116-12

Fig. 12 A few small modifications make the circuit of Fig. 11 suitable for operation on harmonic frequencies.

39 elektor electronics october 1985 advertisement

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41 elektor electronics October 1985 lamp at a distance of about 40 cm from the board and a sheet of perspex. an exposure makeyour own PCBs time of 4...8 minutes should normally be sufficient. After exposure, remove the layout sheet made by applying a turn of photo -copying (which can be used again), and rinse DANGER! Ultra -violet light is harmful to lacquer to normal board material). the board thoroughly under running water. your eyes, so when working with a mer- MI Wet the photo -sensitive (track) side of After the photo -sensitive film has been cury vapour lamp, wear some form of the board thoroughly with the developed in a sodium hydroxide solu- effective eye protection. transparent spray. tion (about 9 grammes of caustic soda to

Lay the layout cut from the relevant one litre of water) for no more than page of this magazine with its printed -21/2...3 mins at 20°C. the board can be You require an aerosol of 'ISOdraft' side onto the wet board. Remove any air etched in ferric chloride (500 grammes of transpaxentizer (distributors for the UK: bubbles by carefully 'ironing' the cut-out FeCl3 to one litre of water). Then rinse the Cannon & Wrin, 68 High St.. Chislehurst, with some tissue paper. board (and your hands!) thoroughly under

Kent, 01 467 0935. who will supply the The whole can now be exposed to ultra- running water. It is advisable to wear rub- name and address of your local stockist on violet light. ber or plastic gloves when working with request), a mercury vapour lamp, sodium The exposure time is dependent upon caustic soda or ferric chloride solutions. hydroxide (caustic soda). ferric chloride. the ultra -violet lamp used, the distance III Remove the photo -sensitive film from positive photo -sensitive board material of the lamp from the board. and the photo- the copper tracks with wire wool and (which can be either bought or home sensitive board. If you use a 300 watt UV drill the holes.

sound rotator

42 elektor electronics =ober 1985 makeyour own PCBs

stage lighting stage lighting

I

43 elektor electronics october 1985

44 advertisement elektor electronics october 1985

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45 high -resolution colour graphics carda.2 the second in a series of articles describing a 512x512 or 512x256 pixel, black 8- white or colour, graphics card by P Lavigne Er A graphics display processor GDP such executed. This means that the user does D Meyer - as the Thomson Types EF9365, EF9366, or not have to input a new command or EF9367 is designed to generate the video change the contents of any of these signal and the sync(hronization) signals. To registers before the previous instruction the user, it acts as an intelligent graphics has been executed. The GDP's internal screen controller with a picture scan that structure is illustrated in Fig. 4, while the can be programmed via an eight -bit pin designations for the Types EF9365, microprocessor. Apart from these func- EF9366 and EF9367 are shown in Fig. 5. tions, it also contains circuits for writing to Only the functions and signals of the GDP the screen memory: a vector generator that are relevant to the present article will and a character generator. These enable be discussed. writing on the screen at high speed (for instance, a 512 pixel diagonal in less than Power supply & logic levels 700µS)so that the host microprocessor is A 5 V power supply is used, all inputs and relieved of these basic tasks. outputs of which are TTL compatible. A The GDP has virtually no effect on the high input level lies between 2.2 V and memory addressable by the micropro- 5.0 V; a low level between 0 V and 0.8 V. cessor since it occupies only sixteen Nominal current consumption is about addresses: with the addition of external 80 mA. registers such as scroll, colour, and page switching, to no more than twenty ad- Microprocessor bus dresses. A further advantage is that the The input/output (I/O, buffers on lines host and GDP memories have completely Do...D7 (pins 33...26) are enabled by E ; different cycles. This does not cause prob-the direction is controlled by R/W. lems when the microprocessor bus has to Writing is indicated by a low logic level. communicate direct with the screen The E signal has the dual tasks of memory since a special timing procedure synchronizing and enabling communi- prevents the disruption of the display. cation via the bus. The address of the The GDP is programmed by 11 internal register that is to be accessed is applied registers occupying 16 successive to lines A0...A3 (pins 9...12). The 1RQ addresses. These registers may also be signal at pin 13 provides an interrupt changed by the character or vector request and is programmed by the CTRL1 generators while a command is being register. Figure 4. Internal organization of the graphics display pro- 4 cessor. I

4510 US3 I (I *LP NTERNAL BUS Irk 07 x9 vLP

131.LIA

CS1ZE DELTAY Cr.aracb..- Vett-, pcettreze. pmen.

CLIO FLIT,

AO to A3 STATUS Eu.ws ALL CIAO V5 IAO CT AL 2

CK FMA LrCK 850804

46 Light pen A low level on the ALL line at pin 22 elektor electronics If a light pen is used, the WHITE on indicates that the operation in progress october 1985 pin 24 forces the video signal to become concerns all the memory banks (i.e., col- white. The signal provided by the light lective access). This is, of course, different pen is applied to the LPCK :light pen to the bit -by -bit access provided by the clock input on pin 21. The GDP then MSL signals. Collective access is normally loads the current address into registers used for display, refreshing, or erasing. XLP and YLP. The data written to the memory consists 5 of a single bit output by the display in CS C 403 vcc Sync(hronization) signals DIN line on pin 15. If this pin is high, it DADS C 393 DAD' The line (horizontal) and field sync pulses represents a dark pixel on the screen. In DAD: C3 J DAD? (625 lines; 50 Hz) for the video monitor are a monochrome application, DIN could be DAD3 C 373 cum° provided by the SYNC signal on pin 34. the direct data input to the memories. For DAC6 C5 36 usLi All signals outside the display window are a colour application, however, DIN must MSLO C6 35 sosL3 suppressed by the blanking signal BLK be combined with the RGB inputs. Writing 5551.2 C 343 SYNC on pin 25. The. vertical blanking ,VB to the screen memory is enabled by the F1.14T C 33 DO AOC9 3?3 oi signal on pin 16 is high during the field display write DW; signal on pin 14. EF9365 At C10 3,3 02 retrace. EF9366 A low memory free MFREE signal at A2 CIT an303 pin 19 indicates that the bit addressed by A3C12 2?]a Setting the parameters the microprocessor via a special instruc- IROC13 za3 05 The format FMAT, input must be con- tion is available at the output of the 127iC14 77]08 nected as shown. appropriate memory. This signal, there- DINC15 263 D7 fore, enables communication with the VBC15 3 8LK EC77 243 %SMITE FMAT vertical resolution memory address indicated by registers X and Y - which can be programmed by C18 73 wo processor 256 512 1.1FREE 19 223 ALL the user - without disrupting the display. vss C20 213 octc EF9365 0 1 It always responds to an external request EF9366 1 for access to the screen memory. EF9367 0 1

All these signals will be met again later in Cs C 1 3:33 vcc this article. DADS C 2 3DAD] When the write only WO signal on pin 23 DAD3 C3 DAD? is high, there is no display and the DAD3 C 37j DAD° memories are not refreshed. None the Screen memory DADS C5 36 1431..i less, the vector and character generators If a picture consists of VH pixels, and 1.SSLO 353 IA51.3 function as normal. each pixel can have 2b states - where V a51.2 7 343 S./tic is the number of usable lines; H is the F1047 C 13 AO C9 3?3131 Clock and screen memory addressing number of bits in a horizontal line; and b F 9367 The general clock CK is input at pin I; is the number of primary colours - the A! C 313 02 all internal signals are changed at the trail- A2 C SC.3 03 screen memory must contain VHb bits. A3 C 3 04 ing edge of the clock pulse. It is used for Note that a pixel may comprise several IROC13 ]D5 multiplexing video memory addresses bits: usually three, sometimes four. If H is 15Z C I 273 D5 DAD0...DAD6. When CK is low, the large, the frequency of the video signal is C15 76D 07 addresses of the row address strobe RAS greater than the maximum frequency for vs C78 253 BliC lines are output on DAD lines A0...A5. reading the memories. When, for instance. EC17 233 iTi1 The frequency of the clock is the same as H=512 and the normal line scanning fre- f177e C18 233 wo that of the sync pulses. quency of 15.625 kHz is used, pixels K6 C16 223 ALL The display and refresh addresses appear appear at 70 ns intervals. A horizontal line V C10 21 LPCK on pins DAD0...DAD6 in two steps; the is divided into h bytes of n successive bits 85080.5 maximum memory space is 16 K. Memory that are read simultaneously onto the select lines MSLo...MSL3 provide sig- screen and converted by an autonomous nals that define a written pixel; they are (= dot clock + shift register) circuit into Figure 5. Pin -outs of the Thomson-EFCIS graphics needed to access a single of the eight bitsthe video signal. The memory is, display processors. addressed by DADo...DAD6. therefore, accessed h times per line. Each 6 b banks

addarnes 1 V h (16K rrtax.1

1 mammy bank - GDP V h roof& of n bits

loading H=h.n

dot clock

video darts' b shift registers of b bits of n bits Figure 6. Schematic 135080-6 representation of the screen memory.

47 elektor electronics Apart from the DAD, -,...DAD; signals, october 1985 7 used to address the h words of n bits, there are also MSL lines to select a pixel of b bits within the addressed word. Since field flyback (retread n=8, there are three MSL lines: MSLo...MSL,. The MSL3 line, used in the interlaced scanning mode (V=512), enables distinction to be made between picture period odd and even numbered frames. It con- trols the A7 line of the Type 4164 ICs. Refresh and display field flyback (retrace As stated earlier, the GDP effects three fundamentally different operations on the 135080-7 memory: display D which arranges the contents of the memory before making it Figure 7. Outside the visible on the screen; writing W; and display window. writing access loads every one of b registers with refreshing R;. Outside the window, where can take place at all the memory is used only for display and times, except during the n bits. The memory then contains Vhb refreshing, writing can take place at all three refresh cycles words of n bits as shown in Fig. 6. In the times, except during three refresh cycles shown. present circuit, the following formats are as shown in Figure 7. The nature of the possible: operation is indicated by the state of the btheoretically unlimited; in practice BLK and ALL signals as shown. 0...4 (RGB+1) n 8 BLK ALL Figure 8. Correlation H 512 between the display and V 256 or 512 0 0 D write addresses. 1 1 1 R 8 0 9366/9367 (512 x 256) It will be seen later that there are excep- VO h5h4h3 h2 h1 h0 1WV6V5V4V3V2V1 tions to these situations. X8X7X6X5X4X3Y7Y6 Y5Y4Y3Y2 Y1 YO Relation between DAD Et MSL 9367 (512 x 512) outputs and x, y coordinates

h51h4 h3h2 h1 hO WV6V5V4V3V2 V1 VO t Registers X and Y are twelve -bit read and write registers that contain the coordinates X8 X7X6X5X4X3Y8Y7Y6Y5Y4Y3Y2 Y1 YO of the next pixel to be written onto the screen memory. They have nothing Figure 9. Illustrating the discrimination between whatever to do with the video scanning collective and pixel -by - 9a functions but form the write address for pixel access. 9366 9367 1512 x 256) the memory. With 2 x 12 bits, this address covers a space of 4096 x 4096 (=224) pixels. MSL DAD Only the least significant bits LSBs are ALLCK0 112 3 2 3 4 5 6 needed because the actually memorized 1 image is of lower definition. None the 0 X X X h5 h4 h3 h2hiI h0 VOI less, the most significant bist MSBs' are X XIX WV6V5 I V4V3 I V2 IV1I used, since they enable an image to be generated that is much larger than the actual size of the screen. b The nine least significant bits of coor- X = don't care dinates x and y are called X0 ...X5 and Yo ...Ys respectively. MSL DAD The internal counters generating the ALLCK 0 i l 2 3 0 2 3 4 5 6 screen memory addresses are organized

0 xo I xiI x2 I 1 X8 X7 I X6X5X4X3 YO into:

X0 I X11 X2 1 1 Y7 1 Y6 1 Y5Y4Y3Y2 Y1 six line address bits (h=64 words of n bits): h0; h1; h2; h3; h4; h5 C II nine field address bits (V=256 or 9367 (512 x 512) V=512): t; V1; V2; V3; V4; V5;K;V7 MSL DAD where t is the LSB that indicates the parity ALLCK0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 1 4 1 5 6 of the frames if V=512; when V=256. t 0 0 h5 h4 h3h2 h11 h0 VO X0xiX2VI does not exist. 0 i WV6V5V4V3V2 t The correlation between the display address (bits h, V, and t) and the write 1 0 X8X7X6X5X4X3Y1 XO XI X2Y2 , address (bits X and Y) is given in Figure 8. 1 1 Y8 1 Y7Y6Y5 1 Y4 1 Y3 YO The Type EF9365 processor is purposely

1 not included in this figure, although it can

48 support either interlaced or sequential addressing. This means that the address elek tor electronics scanning, because it imposes a field resol- of the matrix line row address on which october 1985 ution that is equal to the line resolution. the cell to be accessed is situated is The EF9366 provides sequential scanning specified first and then - on the same only (V=256). The EF9367 can handle address line - the address of the column either 512 x256 or 512 x 512 pixels. In the on which the cell is located. In this way, sequential scanning mode, the EF9366 is only eight address lines and two extra interchangeable with the EF9367. pins for enable signals are needed. These Everything dealt with so far has been latter signals indicate when the addresses fairly straightforward, but the procedure applied to the RAM are row addresses for assigning the address bits for display and when they are column addresses. and writing to the processor's output pins They are called RAS (row address strobe DAD and MSL is rather more com- = line address enable pulse) and CAS plicated. So as to simplify matters a little, (column address strobe = column address Fig. 9 discriminates between collective enable pulse) respectively. The bar above and pixel -by -pixel access. The sequential the signals indicates inverse logic, i.e., the scanning mode, shared by the EF9366 and signals are active when their logic level is EF9367, is, as shown in Fig. 9a, a collec- low. tive access mode since ALL=0. During Not all 65536 cells need to be accessed the first half of the access cycle, when individually for a refresh: a collective CK=0, and the system is in the display refresh can be used in which only the 256 mode, lines DAD0...DAD6 output horizon- matrix lines are addressed. Manufacturers tal address bits DAD0...DADs as well as of integrated circuits endeavour to keep least significant field address bit Vo on the 64 K RAM circuits compatible with DAD;. This is important for the operation their 16 K predecessors, which have only of the scroll circuit. 21' (128 x128=16384) cells, with the result During the second half of the access that some 64 K memory chips need a re- cycle, still in the display mode, the DAD fresh of only 128 instead of 256 lines. The lines provide the remainder of the field relevant data sheet indicates this by the address bits. Note that all through this note "128 refresh cycles/2 ms", while the cycle, the logic levels on the MSL lines diagram of the refresh signals shows 'A7: are irrelevant because operation is in the don't care". collective access mode. The timing of the RAS and CAS signals, Pixel -by -pixel access is illustrated in and the corresponding address signals, is Fig. 9b. The three LSBs of register X important. Timing diagrams are shown in appear, therefore, on the MSL lines for Figures 10 and 11. selecting one of the eight bits in the word During a read or a write operation, the addressed by the DAD lines. Here again, first signal to become active is RAS (pin 4 the least significant vertical address bit is of a Type 4164). The RAM uses the eight found in the first half of the access cycle logic levels present on pins Ao. . A7 at along with the line address bits. This time, that moment to address the relevant matrix the MSL lines are used to address a single line. A short time later, while RAS remains bit in the word addressed by the two active, CAS also becomes active. The IC bursts of signal issued by the DAD pins. then sees the levels on address lines Figure 9c shows the two memory access A0...A7 as the column address, but - in modes grouped together for an EF9367 in terms of the 64 K memory - these are interlaced mode (collective: ALL=0; pixel - really address lines As. . A15. It is, by -pixel: ALL=1). The manner of dealing therefore, necessary that the bits of without output X. of the EF9367 will be address lines A8...A15 are applied to discussed later. pins Ao... A7 after RAS but before CAS. In the Type EF9366, the memory is Note that with dynamic RAMs address refreshed every two display lines (128 signals Ao...A7 need not be present refresh cycles), whereas in the EF9367, before the RAS or CAS pulses, because this refresh occurs every four lines (256 tASR and tAsc may be 0! Figure 10. Timing diagram refresh cycles). of the read cycle. Dynamic random access memory 10 A knowledge of the basic function of a READ CYCLE dynamic random access memory RAM is essential for an understanding of the oper- ation of the present circuit and for seeing the importance of rigid timing of all signals. Each of the Type 4164 RAMs con- tains 216 (=65536=64 K) one -bit memory cells. The contents of each of these cells L.cEEEEE must be refreshed once every two milliseconds to prevent their corruption. A refresh is effected simply by a read operation.

In principle, sixteen separate address Dow lines are needed to access each of the E > 65536 cells. Fortunately, the 64 K bits are arranged in a matrix with multiplexed 85080-10

49 I11 design is defaced. When the movement VoRITE CYCLE ceases, all defaced parts of the base have to be reconstructed. This complex oper- ation is carried out by an eight -input NAND, two AND, and two OR gates as shown in Figure 12. Writing to the screen is only possible when the WRITE signal has been enabled \\ and the logic level of the data to be writ- ten D.r has been defined. In the RMW 15014/IfEN 11111111111111IND mode, this level is defined not only by the wanted result (pixel bright or dark), but also by the previous state of the element. If the pixel was bright before, it will be quenched; if it was dark, it will be bright. When the pixel appears on the screen, it is examined. If the screen is dark, the C.,. Cas... pixel appears bright, and if it is light, the 85080-11 element is dark. The screen is returned to its previous state by redrawing all relevant Figure 11. Timing diagram pixels at the same position, bur with the of the write cycle. If the above were a read operation, the logic level reversed. logic level of the addressed bit would To make an object appear on the screen, appear on the Dout pin of the RAM a few the state of the relevant pixels is reversed. nanoseconds after the address signals had To revert to the original state. this oper- been strobed. If the memory were written ation is carried out a second time. The to, the WRITE line (pin 3 of a Type 4164) successive inversions negate one another. would be activated and the correct logic This could be considered as art exclusive level applied to the Dm pin shortly before OR XOR function between the pen and CAS became active. the paper: if the paper is white, the pen is For a refresh, the address line must be black; and where the paper is black, the selected and RAS activated, when not pen is white. only the timing of the refresh but also that An RMW cycle starts with accessing the of the RAS signal is important. Before the video memory for a read and finishes with RAS signal can become active, and remain a write. Between these actions, the low during tRAs, it must have been high foraddressed bit is modified. at least tRp. i.e., the pre -charge time The eight -input NAND gate returns the needed by the IC. addressed bit with its state inverted. while all other bits are forced high. When the read -modify -write -select RMWS line is Read -modify -write mode high, it indicates that the RMW mode is One unusual mode of operation is the active. If the line is low, the level on the read -modify -write RMW mode, in which DIN pin, which is provided by the GDP, is a given address is read from, and written loaded into the screen memory when the to. in the same access cycle. data write DW pulse appears. The state In Part 1it was shown that, depending on of the screen is not taken into account the logic levels. six colours plus black andthen, since that is only of importance in white can be produced, and further that a the RMW mode. When that mode is bright pixel has a low logic level, while a selected, the combination of RMWS and dark pixel has a high logic level. load LD signals prevent the DW signal Figure 12. RMW selection Every time an object is moved across a from reading the bit output by the NAND in the monochrome mode gate into the memory: otherwise, this bit is carried out by this design (base) on the screen, part of that array of gates. would be inverted by the NAND gate and returned to the relevant RAM via DIN. 12 If a bright pixel is required, the DIN line should be low; the corresponding logic level is loaded via D. If, on the other hand, the element is to be dark, the DIN line should be high, with the result that the corresponding bit in the memory is and remains high. Operation in the RMW mode can be disrupted if the delay inherent in the NAND, AND and OR gates does not cor- rupt the timing of the RAM. The shorter the tRAc signal, the more time there is for the RMW logic to change the data and input this to Dm before the WRITE pulse arrives. tRAc is the time between the start of RAS and the appearance of data on B5080-12 Dom, called "access time" on the relevant DIN data sheet. In theory. IRAc should not exceed 150 ns (NEC4164-3; Hitachi 4864-2;

50 Toshiba 4164-3; OKI 3764-15; MOSTEK elektor electronics 13 1M1 4564-15; and others), but practical iria october 1985 experience has shown that the RMW cir- cuit will work quite satisfactorily with access times of up to 300 ns. If colour is included, the RMW circuit is 8.R WRITE as illustrated in Figure 13, in which the gates specific to this mode are shown Red shaded. One of the seven gates is shared (Green) (Blue) with another function, which will be RAM reverted to in due course. The two extra gates increase the efficiency of the whole Din and do not increase the delay when a 0out data bit travels from the output of a memory to its input. The circuit remains the same as for monochrome; except that some colour selection signals are added. These consist of red select RS ; green select GS ; blue select BS ; red write select RWS ; green write select GVVS ; and blue write select 65080-13 DIN RS BWS . Unlike DIN and DW, which are pro- IGS1 vided by the GDP, these signals are con- 18S) Figure 13. RMW selection trolled by the user via the colour register. in the colour mode is car- If one of RS, GS, or BS is high, the memory is needed. The remainder cannot ried out by this combi- addressed pixel will be dark as far as the be used for colour, but it need not go to nation of gates. corresponding colour is concerned, pro- waste, since it is useful for storing several vided the RWS, GWS, or BWS line is low to totally independent images that can quite allow the memory to be accessed. If an simply - and immediately - be displayed RS. GS. or BS signal is low, and the associ- on the screen. In one case, there are four ated RWS, GVVS, or BWS signal is also low, pages available, numbered 0...3, depend- the corresponding pixel will have the rel- ing on the logic levels of multiplexed evant colour. All possible combinations address signals A7 and A15; in the other with and without RMW (in monochrome) case there are two pages, numbered 0 are listed in Table 2. and 1 as shown in Figure 14.

Table 2. 14 64K x 8 bits 64K x 8 bits

IDW= 0) RMWS Dow DINpixel = v A7 = 1 PAGE 3 A15 = 1 16 K 0 X 1 dark 512 x 256 0 X 0 bright PAGE 1 1 0 bright 0 32 K Iwas dark) 512x512 1 0 1 dark PAGE 2 (was dark) A7 = 1 1 X dark A15 = 1 16 K (was bright) 512 x 256

Memory capacity Er image resolution PAGE 1 A7 = 1 16 K If an image has a horizontal resolution (the A15 number of pixels on a line scanned in the 512 x 256 display window) of 512, and a vertical res- PAGE 0 olution (number of lines scanned) of 256, 32 K 512 x 512 the display window contains a total of PAGE 0 131 072 pixels, so that 16 K of memory is Al = 16K A15=0 needed per colour. An image with a res- 512 x 256 olution of 512 x 512 pixels needs 32 K of memory. Note that in the latter case there are, in fact, two interlaced images, each 85080-14 requiring 16 K. Doubling the vertical resol- ution increases the quality of the image, The use of A7 and A15 to switch pages but also shows up an instability of the introduces a limitation, namely that the interlaced image, which is quite type of RAM used should not require A7 noticeable on static displays like those and Al5 to be refreshed; this prohibits, for produced by the present graphics card. It instance, the use of the Siemens HYB4164 is more visible on some monitors than on on the graphics card. 14 others. Whatever resolution is selected, no more Pan 3 will appear in our November 1985 than a quarter to a half of the 64 K issue.

51 elektor electronics october 1985 with surface mount J leads on 1.27 mm centres, converted to a straight leaded or leg- new products ged 2.54x-2.54 mm grid, for through board mount. The series will be expanded by models with 32. 44, 52, 84. or 124 positions later this YIG tuned oscillators parts. This efficient use of individual compo- year. nents provides types for almost all coaxial These sockets have integral boards stand-offs Yttrium Iron GarnetYIGtuned oscillators cables for 2.95 mm, 4.7 mm, or 7.25 mm that allow for heat dissipation, and extractor covering the frequency range of 1...18 GHz dielectric diameter. are available from Pascal Electronics Ltd. tool slots to facilitate chip removal. Compat- These connectors have an impedance of ible with the most advanced VLSI packaging Manufactured by the French company Giga 50 ohms, operate to at least 4 GHz, and are Modules, these oscillators provide high spec- systems, the socket contacts are specially suitable for medium to high power appli- designed to provide tactile feedback that tral purity signals and low phase noise, due tocations in the VHF and UHF bands. They are the high selectivity of the resonant YIG crystal. allows the plastic chip to snap into place for a of a robust mechanical design and the heads secure and reliable connection in high -density They have good linearity and are available withcan be mounted to form straight or right- output packaging. power options in the range angled connectors. 10...20 dBm. The socket contacts are manufactured from Suhner Electronics Ltd tin plated beryllium copper, with the carrier Telford Road body moulded from glass reinforced PPS Bicester 11.1L 94 V -O rated)forstabilitythrough Oxfordshire. OX6 OLA operating temperatures of up to 125°C. Telephone: (08 692) 44b76 Midland -Ross Limited Telex: 837615 (3315/10F) Electronic Connector Division Castleton Sheffield 530 2WR Telephone: 10433) 20831 Telex: 51444 (3315!12F) Sixty-eight position chip carrier socket The Electronic Connector Division of Midland - Ross have just launched the new 68 -position Cambion 709-2000 series Chip Carrier Socket designed to accept Jedec leaded plastic chips SIL Gaussian filters By adopting a single-inline format for their new range of Gaussian filters, BAL Compo- nents have reduced their occupancy of PCB space by sixty per cent. None the less, these YIG oscillators are used in many microwave smaller components have improved tolerances applications, and are particularly suitable for compared with previous designs common in microwave sweep generators. They can also the industry. be used as localoscillatorsin wide -band The filters range from 0.5 MHz to 5 MHz in receivers and telecommunication systems. impedances of 75 ohms and 510 ohms. They are intended for pulse shaping and bandwidth Pascal Electronics Ltd limitation and, therefore, produce no over- Saxon House shoot or undershoot when subjected to a step Downside response, This same quality lends them to the Sunbury on Thames TVV16 6RY removal of unwanted pulse overshoot, under- Telephone: 101) 979 0123 shoot, ringing, and noise distortions. Telex: 8614536 (3315111H

Sixty connectors from thirteen parts The Suhner Electronics 7/16 Combination System allows the production of sixty different cable connectors from only thirteen basic

41 # Dimensions are 0.9 in by 0.2 in 122 mm by 5 mm) over the PCB, and 0.35 in 19 mm) high. Pin separation is 0.3 in f7.6 mm). BAL Components Ltd Bermuda Road Nuneaton Warwickshire CV10 70F Telephone: 1011 836 2205 13315/8F)

52 elektor electronics October 1985 Electronic kits for the car enthusiast new products A number of easy -to -assemble kits for enhanc- ing your car are now available from Electronic Microelectronics Wire Kit;Microelectronics Sixteen -character & Computer Workshop Limitc-d. The kits con- Cream Kit; and the Multi -purpose Cream Kit. tain all the necessary components for suc- Indium has also released a Surface Mounting alphanumeric module cessful,trouble -free assembly,including a Technical Bulletin which provides more infor- DisplaysmanufacturersPulseviewLimited high -qualityPCB, andfull,step-by-step mation on solder creams for surface -mounting instructions and application notes. have announced a sixteen -character starburst applications. vacuum fluorescent display module that has The K2599 wiper delay kit - price £12.82 - Indium Corporation of America is a leading' provides a three -step intermittent wiper timer, been designed specificallyforinformation supplier of special-purpose solders and alloys diiplays on consumer and industrial electrical selected by a rotary switch. This unit can be for the worldwide electronics industry. inserted into virtually any existing wiper con- equipment.The 9x5 mm charactersare trol circuit. Dage (GB) Limited displayed in a single row in highly visible green The K2598 kit builds a 10._ _30 watt, mono or lntersem Division phosphor with thirty-two brightness levels that stereo amplifier, designed to operate from 12 VRabans Lane can be selected by software. DC. The unit is compatible with standard car Aylesbury The module, Type 14-05-16_05, uses - radio/cassette player voltage levels as defined Bucks HP19 3RG 14 -segment displays to provide a 64 -character in DIN45500, and is fitted with thermal and Telephone: (0246133200 set with decimal points and commas. The short-circuitprotection. Thiskitretailsat Telex: 83518 module is housed on a compact single board f16.94. or that contains a display driver, power supply, The benefits of easy starting. efficient fuel P.C. Trading AB and control circuits. The single chip controller burning, and even firing provided by tran- P 0 Box 663 offers and integral 64x16 bit programmable sistorized ignition can be achieved with kit 5-13526 Tyreso logic array for segment decoding of the full K2543 - price £12.48. Sweden upper-case ASCII set. All prices stated include pEtp and VAT Telephone: (059 742 0150 The 14-05-16.05 requires a 5 V DC supply at an Telex: 17572 1331515F) average current of 300 NA_ Electronic & Computer Workshop Ltd 171 Bloomfield Road Chelmsford Esser CA11 1RY Telephone: (02451 262149 (3315 7t

Surface -mounting solder creams Indium Corporation of America has introduced a surface -mounting solder cream kit, which features three alloys chosen for their popu- larity and usefulness in the surface mounting of electronic devices. Designedspecificallyfortheproduction, design, or manufacturing engineer working with surface -mount technology, the kit is one of six available to engineers who wish to explorethepropertiesandpotentialof IndalloyR solders. The other kits are: General Purpose Kit;Special Joining! Bonding Kit;

Pulseview Limited Contents Introduction General Purpose Kit Unit 1 & 2 Suffolk Way lianabays Cala 0.000 Drayton Road Saw. ma ar Abingdon away. Cat a/ vu an. a itaa 1..00 Ca.. a a a Oxfordshire 0,4'14 5.IY Telephone: 10235134909 Microelectronics Wire Kit Microelectronics Cream Kit Telex: 83428 (3315/13F) 1. a raily ma 01.8 la a .gas adarag t alat 00. Ca. a a a vata...a lava ramie 00 ft atm .t a ...... 0,.....Kat aatatataraa a 0. ....as */ fat a at sas aa ay a ...{pa aall 40 amanay apar .001. a.... a *a zat avy Lama.. Ea a Spelling checker for BBC Special joining/Bonding Kit micro tvga .... an va. a ...... 0. 11 ana. say a SO lay. tar I Mait ban*. anaaaaVain a att a et ma a day. r. A spelling checker, the ROM -SPELL, for the la. - b., l il a gales &IL Me ye.. , ..Nue a '...... Im. VI. saw swam, Of, c.eimr gym. vala 1. allt. alarm aaat V . a am a gra0. dala 2 vas..at. 01 BBC Micro is now available from Watford Elec- la a a a .1111 , 0 faO anal V. ftta r. a al a ...-...... -a .- - - . ....- ....a..- . tronics. This ROM based software is designed to take text from any popular word processor Surface Mounting Cream Kit Multi -Purpose Cream Kit to check the spelling of the words in the text It is supplied with a 30 OCO word dictionary, at... vs oat. as. t tel. tna al rag a a lik/ 4.0 zlat.1,... CZ, ...011 SE and has an additional user dictionary in which /0....yr avows as a. ta .0 lir la 11'2 MS extra words needed can be entered. Any aa...10a fa. was ea 01ma. aor alms a aValay 0 1. lainaC. a am unknown words encountered during a check 0.00, algar. tia af Cm ateat .p.a.anala alid 21111..1 a a. vie v 001 ttr are brought to the attention of the user, who * a 00., then has the choice of correcting the spelling. saa a. at a fag adding the new word to the user dictionary, or a a way 0 a alas amy Ian.00s tivale.vvemts styma slowAft 1000. 0 a a la al ma ay bypassing the word. ma tam. a.. Oa,. a afagCaw a In Unfortunately, the many features of ROM - liC141.104. la *ANN. SPELL cannot be given in a short notice, but may be obtained from Watford Electronics. Its price, including a 16 K EPROM and dictionary disc, is f28.75 incl. VAT. Watford Electronics 250 High Street Watford WD1 24N Telephone: (09231 37774/4056 Telex: 8956096 (3315/91

53 elektor electronics october 1985 high as opposed to 7.4 mm. This saving, together with surface mountability, results in new products smaller, simpler printed -circuit boards which are easier to assemble. It is intended for use where board space is limited and low cost is Power supply cleaner Therangeincludesnuts,screws,cable paramount. clamps, hole plugs, washers, grommets, drive The ZN429D has a typical settling time of 1µs, A novel way of preventing noise and spikesrivets, threaded rods, and spacers. A special superimposed on the mains voltage from a maximum non -linearity of ±0.5 least signifi- nylon screw with a metal core is also available. cant bit, and a temperature coefficient of only reaching your computer is offered by TonyThis gives the fastener the shear strength of Firshman Services.Itisahightyeffective 3 ppm/°C. It operates from a single +5 V heat -treated steel. supply, and has inputs which are compatible mains filter, the LCelements of which are con-All the fasteners are moulded from nylon 68 tained in a standard 3 -pin adapter as shown. with both TTL and CMOS. Monotinicity is which means that they are resistant to cor- guaranteed over the complete operating tem- rosion, lightweight, good electrical insulators, perature range. and, because they conform to irregular sur- faces, reduce vibration loosening. Ferranti Electronics Limited Fields New Road PS M. Fasteners Limited Chadderton Longacres Oldham Wi1167717311 Lancashire OL9 8NP West Midlands WV13 2JS Telephone: (061 6241 0515 Telephone: 109021 66081 Telex 668038 (3315/4) Telex: 338565 3315/3F1

Prototype toroidal New zinc air cell transformers Duracell Activair has produced a new design of zinc air cell with a capacity of 2.4 Ah: the Type Avel-Lindberg has been so successful in its DA1200H_ Resembling a 10p coin, it measures development of a standard range of toroidal 5 mm high and 30 mm diameter, and weighs transformers, that much of the jobbing aspect only 10 grammes. of transformer manufacture has been trans- The DA1200H cell can deliver a maximum con- ferred to a Small Quantities and Prototype tinuous current of 140 mA with pulse currents Department,which cantackleanything, of up to ten times this value depending on the within the limits imposed by winding machine pulse length. As long as the cell is retained inand wire technology, on a 1 to 20 or so upper its sealed state, shelf life is not less than 4limit in a batch. Transformers with a practical years. upper wire gauge limit of 2.00 mm dia. and a lower limit of 0.04 mm dia can be constructed Duracell Activair Europe to all specifications, including Def. 05-24. 11 Ash Road Wrexham Industrial Estate Wrexham The unit is priced at E14.00. A similar unit Clwydd LL13 9UF based on a 4 -way socket and trailing lead is Telephone: (09781 61984 available at 124.00. Telex: 617080 13315/21 Tony Firshman Services 43 Rhyl Street London NWS 3H5 Telephone: WV 2673887 t3315/1F1 Eight -bit DAC in Surface Mountable Package Nylon fasteners FerrantiElectronicsisofferingitsZN429 monolithic 8 -bit DAC in the SO -14 surface A new range of sixty-seven main types of mountable small outline package. moulded nylon fastener will form the centre Small outline (SO) packaging offers con- pieceof PSM Fasteners stand(820)at siderable space saving over conventional DIL Internepcon 85 held from 8...10 October at packages: SO -14 is based on 1.25 mm centres the Brighton Centre. rather than 2.54 mm and stands only 1.75 mm

Designing a complex toroid is a tricky job, which takes time and, despite the use of com- puters on simple designs to de -skill the oper- ation, there are many factors that a human designer can combine to produce a better than average transformer. Aveiliddberg Limited South Ockendon Essex RA115 5TD Telephone: 107081 853444 Telex: 897106 13315/6F)

54 elektor electronics october 1985 A practical introduction to the new logic symbols new literature by Ian Kampel ISBN 0 408 01461 X language. However, this does not detract from different test approaches. Price £11.50 this book forming a solid foundation far get- The second chapter covers the basic issues of After years of what at times seemed fruitless ting acquainted with data handling and all that interest to all in -circuit ATE users - such as discussions, the major technological nationsgoes with it.It can be warmly recommended shorts -scanning, guarding, fixturing, backdriv- oftheWest havefinallyagreed,withto the serious BBC user who has a certain ing, 3-, 4- and 6 -wire Kelvin measurements, immediate effect. to bring their national stan- amount of experience with BBC BASIC. quadrature testing, broadsiding, timing and dards inline with IEC677-12: Binary LogicMacMillan Publishers Limited formatting_ It provides a checklist of in -circuit Elements. Houndmills tester features under the headings of Timing Ian Kampel is to be congratulated on seeing at Basingstoke and pattern generation, Test driver support, an early stage the importance of this decision Hampshire RG21 2X5 Debuggingcapability,andFaultisolation and in bringing out in a very short time such Telephone: 102561 29242 facilities. a lucid book about a subject that is not all that The chapter on In -Circuit Economics is aimed easy to digest. Although many electronics at the test manager who requires knowledge engineers will wish this book - or rather, itsMacmillan Electronic of how to analyse ATE cost/performance or subject matter - to quietly go away, it will produce a simple cost justification for a pro- not. And all of us engaged in electronicsProjects Series: three new posed ATE purchase. Yield economics (defin- should be glad about that, because at last itbooks ed as "more bang per buck") is the objective, appears that within the near future we will and achieving it is a matter of creating a well - have truly international symbols that show at Three revised editions of familiar books in the controlled process. a glance what logic operations are performed Electronic Projects Series have kept us busy The glossary explains the key in -circuit terms without the need for supporting text. reading and constructing for a couple of from Accuracy to Yield, cutting through much The book, which is in three parts, takes themonths. Two of them - both by Graham of the technical jargon generated by ATE. It reader gently, and in a logical manner, fromBishop: Projects for the car and garage and also spells out the meaning of the many definitions and composition of the symbols, Audio circuits and projects - are well known acronyms, from ATE to VLSI, used in the through a comprehensive description of the to car and electronic hobbyists alike; not to industry. use of the symbols at all levels, to two shortmention the student of electronics. Neither, The book is available from the final chapters dealing with operations that fallsurprisingly, contains much new material, but Marketing Communications Department outside the scope of the IEC standard. Finally, this does not any way detract from their Use- Factron-Schlumberger there are two appendices: the first. a glossary fulness or the enjoyment provided by the Ferndossrn Industrial Estate of symbols and notations; the second, a list ofcircuits. Wimborne participating countries. There is also a useful Cost-effective electronic construction is aimed Dorset BH21 7PP alphabetical index. at reade,s who have some experience of elec- Telephone: 10202) R47V5 Mr Kampel is at great pains to emphasize that tronic construction and shows how to arrive at the new symbols are no mere substitute for the theleast expensive and simplest way of old ones and, indeed, they are not!Pro- designing a circuit or of solving an electronic fessional engineers may find, in times to come, problem. that they cannot properly carry out their work All three books are thoroughly pratical in theirNew catalogues without a thorough knowledge of the newapproach and contain full details on the con- The new Cricklewood Electronics catalogue symbols.Seriousamateurs who donotstruction and testing of each circuit. As they offers a great variety of electronic components acquaint themselves with the new symbols are, moreover, realistically priced, we for over-the-counter, mail order, or phone-in may one day discover that they cannot under-unhesitatingly recommend them to the serious orders. The customer is promised super ser- stand the data sheets supplied with the newconstructor and to the student of electronics. vice, competitive prices, and speedy delivery. ICs or logic devices! Get your copy now from Butterworths Projects for the car and Cricklewood Electronics Limited Borough Green garage 40 Cricklewood Broadway Sevenoaks London NW2 3ET Kent TN15 6BR by Graham Bishop Telephone: 101) 450 0995 Telephone: (07321884567 ISBN 0 333 37220 4 (011 452 0161 Price £4.95 File handling on the Audio circuits and projects Kit News offers technical tips, modifications. by Graham Bishop ideas, and product news from BBC Microcomputer ISBN 0 333 37221 2 Cambridge Kits by Brian J Townsend Price £5.95 45 Old School Lane ISBN 0 333 36808 8 Milton, Cambridge Price £6.95 Cost-effective electronic Telephone: 10223) 860150 Although the name computer may make usconstruction think of arithmetical operations,it can, of Electrovalue's handy -sized, 48 -page catalogue course, do many other things as well.for by John Watson is crammedfullofcomponents,tools, instance, word processing and data handling. ISBN 0 333 37222 0 accessories, cases, and instruments for the File handling on the BBC Microcomputer Price £5.95 electronics constructor. shows the reader the way in the world of data Electrovalue Limited handling. Basically, it is a home -study courseMacMillan Education Limited Houndmills 28 St Judes Road which slowly but very clearly sets out how a Englefield Green data base can be arranged from BBC BASIC. Basingstoke Hampshire RG21 2)(S Egham Since Brian Townsend assumes, correctly in Surrey 714/20 OHB Telephone: 10256) 29242 most cases, we feel, that the reader does not Telephone: 107841 33603 know much about file handling he slowly 680 Burnage Lane acquaints the reader with the arranging of dif- The primer of high- Manchester M19 1NA ferent types of data. Each chapter ends with a Telephone: (0611 432 4945 number of exercises that test the reader'sperformance in -circuit comprehension. A BBC micro with at least atesting disc drive is the minimum equipment required. The Anglia Components Catalogue for 1985 is The book carefully progrecses towards a com-Faction's 96 -page book is intended as a light- nicely presented in some 130 pages, covering plete data base in BASIC, with which it ishearted easy -to -read source of information, a host of electronic components, electro- possible to sort, select, and update any given designed to introduce the reader to the world mechanicaldevices,hardware,tools,test record in any given file, and to print the record. of high-performance in -circuit testing. equipment, and technical information. It con- Anyone who has read and understood the Beginning with the question 'What is a PCB?', tains a detailed index and is available from book should be able to arrange a versatile data theintroductory chapter coversthepro- Anglia Components base.Sincealloperations areinBASIC, duction, assembly, and test of the various PCB Burdett Road everything is very clear. None the less, it is a technologiesinuse today;the problems Wisbech pity that Mr Townsend makes no mention of likeliestat each stage;the types of ATE Cambs PE13 2PS thepossibilitiesofworkinginmachine available to deal with them; and the costs of Telephone: 10945) 63281

55 elektor electronics comber 1985 advertisement

VENNER TIME SWITCH TWO POUNDERS £1 BAKERS DOZEN PARCELS Ferlewieg the popularity of our BAKERS DOZEN f1 lag £1 each 13 for E121 Marts operated Ands 20 erg swath. ore on and one off per 24hes_ repasts daly PARCELS. v.eare now int:odor:no some BAKERS auternatkaly con..ing foe the levthen DOZE/4 f2 PARCELS. We feel that you MI agree that AN parcels are brand new components price El per ng or Orotoriog day. An espo-ove roost are exceptional bargains but you cart eta get a lit parcel - if you order 12 then pick another free switch but you can hive ed for only £2 .% extra, as with the El parcel, if you buy 12 you get nutioutrse. tr'e'at case - _ another free! BD115 - 1 Wall mourning thermostat with diemoiret, La to corset the into a rental 241, 20-1 - 24 hour tn-e swtch with 2 on/offs, an deal BD116 - 3 pats small and 2 pairs mere' insulated swath but with de added adyentage of heating C ---_- up to 12 on Offs per 2bas._ This makes an 2P2 - Wad me... :'tat. high precision with cmc mbs deal courage+ for the imeterten hea,a- 130117 - 4 wits large moo dips fcar battery typel Price of adaptor kit it 0.30 2P3 --Vat = r . 8-12v poser supply, *deal 130118 - 1 Teak look 5' extension speaker cabinet wit, Er.Elecuseity Beard. back Guaranteed 12 months for run 7. _ 80119 - 2 fbreglass fee fronts log effect Er coal effect 21 = - separate channels for stereo 80120 - 2 component boards with 2 amp 400v bridge 12 volt MOTOR BY SMITHS and UNILEX Amplifiers. 2P5 - 12 vo.: tern 730 rra output - plastic eased and rectifier and 15 other recs W oe for use n cars, etc truce are wry ponvta, a -d 2aey revere 130121 - 4 push push reaches for Lade Lands et. tic. E-rre 37i- king by r 6a. Trey hose a good lewd) of with man lead 80122 - 10 mos twin hex. screened and outer p.: (345 20-6 - 100 watt n-.arre to 115 wits auto -transformer covered -- s 1/6 to E7.50 with voltage tappings 130123 - 100 staples for thil flex white plastic and 2P7 - Wei key, 16 button membrane keyboard. lot hardened nazi SOUND TO LIGHT UNIT prce pier £12, as used on PRESTEL 00124 - 25 clear plastic lenses 1 darneter 2P8- Mains motor with gear box and variable speed 130125 - 4 items: rev per hour mans motor. counter. selector. Series wound so 'stable for further can switch and tebp panel speed control 80126 - 4 p3ot bulb tamp holders baketite batten Vier 2P9 - Terre and set switch Boxed. /ass fronted and 80127 - 4 plot bulb tamp metal cup on type with knobs. Controls up to 15 amps. deal to 30128 - 10 very fine dries for pcbs etc. program electric heaters or cookers. even bat- 913129 - 4 extra thin screw drivers for instrumer. ts- tery chargers amm - 2 centre zero panel meters 100-0-100 u.0 2P10 - 12 volt 5 amp n-_';- s'c'an - low vat 80131 - 1 100 siA edge Wee balance meter wincfing on secs-_- - and easy to remove 30122 - 2 plastic boxes with windows_ ideal inter- tO [Myer' IOt-., 'Of lagFer amens Lingle EPS°. 32 (exile rupted beam kits Concede tut at parts tot a trape charnel sweet to Kee -- 20-11 - Power acct ---- " 130133 - 1 Micrsisortic radio case in leather zipper erg over 2030 wars of lighting Use Ms at homed you Ph, stereo pre 2- - e .e. 9031 is set:MN,. pouch it pansy rugged enough lot deco work_ The uric O hexasect at. 01 1313134 -10 model aircraft motors - requie no on roll bean* two tone mental care and has contras foe each durnd. and 2P12 - Disk or Tape precision motor -has balanced switch, pat Spin a mawe on, off. The aacto ireca and output are be sockets err rotor and is reversible 230v mains operated 15E0 60135 - 10 large and 20 small Screwit porcelain con- trier* pawl moaning fuse Wows proses drsfsor protector. A rpm four on plug and socket Esoktine ease of comae -OW knee. Specs 2413 - Sun Lamp switch stays On for 3y hr ce 1 hr de- nector/insulators MP: s L14.56 n irit form 30136 - 2 car radio speakers 5" round 4 ohm made for pending on setting of grip screw Raefomob4e PRESTEL UNITS 20-14 Mug Stop kit - when thrown errat prercing 130137 - 1 5" 4 ohm speaker and matching tweeter 5 These team squawk wan nen and 'ee under - 20-15 - Interrupted Beam kit for &agar alarms. 00138 -1 9" x 4- 8 ohm 5 watt speaker bad tested. care counters. etc 80139 - 4 600 ohm microphone speaker inserts Wch maNatartueis 20-16 - Lockable metal boo with 2 keys, clad for your 80140 - 1 waterproof metal cased plug and socket 3 guarantee row vend tools as the n-ariotacturer 20-17 rev per minute mans drivers motor with war Pin no io-cer trade. 130141 - 10 miniati-= ito swatches 2 pole cio box. ideal to operate minor bail Those ongnaly sold for over (150. We offer then =nom. moon: 2P18 - Liquid/gas shut off vahre mains solenoid op- 30142 - 10 4 ba sz s -- ers 1 end open, other ere tor 7 plug n Cos and tree axme,. L14.95 um the saSc° of dosed the tuck../ rickadeal erated 313143 - 5 100k rr _ _ ,rn pots with knob YOUR TELEPHONE 20-19 - Disco switch motor driven -6 or rove 10 amp 80144 - 10 chess.,...,ntirig fuse holders for 5 rnm change over micro switches suppled ready for fuses Can be bustraron bee wen the ABS one push delaw ,nt. You mans opmation power, rte .ntSea with up to 220 of veto vapor/awl montata 2420 - 22 metres extension lead, 2 core - deal most 30145 - 24 reed relay kits 3v ors can be normatay oise- Frcrn then on r sea do is rte rder to the person you awl. Or 010 Black and Decker garden tools Pea the tae butts and the n.....mber wal be skated autormateaer 2P21 - 10 watt amplifier, Maud module reference 00146 - 20 plot hubs 6.5v 3a Philips members rot worth VaCnrth-..thr9 rat bo Pa be fast pssh button 1313147 - 1 Secret switch kit with data dated) Snead the nonber be evaded skteU-er i is in your Saes 1173 9D148 - 1 Printed circuit kit with data end ICC,c,ts ce rot is WS be merrereed and at a touch cf the boom you can try 2P22 - Motor driven switch 20 secs on or off after push 60149 - 4 socket coves (protect inquisitive We .sppn. on fingers) for twin 13A Another tag feature the bop et roocverole atary 2P23 - Long arid rriecPurn wave rade chassis - with 301513 - 5 socket covers (protect inquisitive kW -s- sou to hare your hands free for other acts wriest ithaPry 'ow nil slow motion drive ideal music whae you work hivers) for single 13A The ASS ants Et_ T. apormed and arnoty dugs into a 3.T socket could be mounted on extension speaker cab, 30151 - 20 4 way terminal blocks 3A 253v bakerie and a marks MM. We hie 50 rely of these. sound or ceene 2P24 - Clockwork operated 14 hoe switch 154 250'; your order TO -DAY the price 127-5D but sou Mt sere this r. a few with dutch body weeks en -an if you value your lane or one, (Op a thnote_ 90152 -1 Air or gas shut off valve - clockwork op MORE BAKERS DOZEN £1 PARCELS mated CORDLESS TELEPHONES B0189 - 2 double pole 20 amp 250v Rush mounting 8D153 -1 Air or gas shut off valve - thermostat op- -ITS FOR YOu-OLr ena-t 4 yea are in the bath. es an rnfeite e. switches - white erated tenskon any room and e.em in the widen - hno ere en docr0: J: 313192 - 2 double pole 20 amp 250y surface rnountir, 80154 - 1 12v drip proof tardy - ideal for car jobs or cone and or one here BT apormed £120 not set monhect EiSa switches with neon indicators - brown 80155 - 3 Varicap push button tuners with knobs Plus f2 post SOCKETS PLUGS ETC for BT Mores 80191 - 6 B.C. tamp holder adaptors white 50156 - 2 pans Ferrite cores Nersid 56 x 18 mm htaatc socket thas 'sign utterer - trong co-rdo-so etc 80192 - 3 8.0 to 2 pin lamp holder adaptors with 30157 - 6 2 cirors micro switches - Lioon ideal for takes 8 T pug % Plugs Joystick E xtension socket £265 80193 - 6 5 amp 3 pin fish sockets brown 30158 - 5 12 way connector blocks 2A 250v Dual actors 12 from ow sccketi _ _ f.3_% B0194 - 3 5 arm 3 pin snitched sockets sures-= 30159 - 3 12 way connector blocks 25A 250v Cord tenkkreano W-th B.T. pus 3 r.,asa VAS mountig. brown 5E1162 - 6 pairs 3 way connectors plug in, terminal Ke for corrouter3 to nen B.T_ mates socket and cow r. 80195 - 5 B.C. tarripholdet brown bakdite three:ay. block type teraion ath,ohrtc -_core ears& cable dos aid ersruon 01.50 entry 513161 - 1 13A panel socket. MK ref 735 WH1 odors: 3131% - 1 in flee arnmerstal for electric blanket 30162 - 1 13A fused and switched spur for surface 25A ELECTRICAL soldering 'son etc mounting or can be removed from box for PROGRAMMER 80197 - 2 thermostats, spindle settino - adjustable flush minting range for heaters mem etc 1313163 - 3 (3A sockets good British make but brown E Hem rado Perm and lone 30198 - 1 rod thermostat for water heater etc 1- rod 30164 - 2 13A switched sockets good ensish make hot teirino a _ e - swath as lights to ward off 130199 - 1 mains operated solenoid with plunger 1" ,tracers E item SOO. to cane bore to brown travel 1 13A panel siknotsed socket on bars for sun Yew Car - and Mee By a faro. 9131E6 - mgt. Yen on'off swath_ lodePendent 60 E1D200 - 1 10 digit Snitch pad for telephone etc face mounting minute riser -o., razpa 813201 - 8 computer keyboard switches, .with knobs. 30166 -1 MA panel mounting toggle switch A brakeeos at £2.50 pub or verb mounting 3.0167 - 1 8 pin flex tenni:wig plug and chassis 313202 - 1 solenoid mans operated air valve 110v co -I mounting socket (s_h.) THE AMSTRAD STEREO TUNER 80203 - 2 8 push button switch banks 6 intedoding 90168 - 2 50 tag component mounting strips This ready manta.' unit is tea ideal timer for a mac canoe or or and two independent locking less knobs or 3131E9 - 4 Short wait air spaced trimmers 2 - 10 pf areefn. a WON Ow be crackly made peo a ptrsonat Poi= r1.10 one with knobs your choice 50170 - 2 Hivac mans:atm tubes neon type easy to carry than and whet wet gore you superb recapen 80204 - 3 push mains voltage switches with immoral 30171 -1 Shocking col kit with data - have fun Wt - Other uses are a -get you to sleep rano-. you cold tear . knobs this with you to use n the tonne when the rest of the bendy ward to 1302E6 - 1 tetra smaa 12v relays 3A gold -dated con- 30172 - 10 /2v 6w bulbs Raps m.e s. vew sroceNnthla n WFiCh per are not istemded You Pan teen to tacts normaly open 30173 - 16v d.c., solenoid with plunger 1" travel sane iris 'esters Some of the features are. long Wave hind 115 -170Kile. rnectorn 130206 - 20 metres SO ohm coax, standard type off 813174 - 2 end of trawl cro switches - very rcbott whirs wave bard 525 - troOKkr. FM band 87 - ICHAbir. now. stereo mounted on heavy metal plate 104 250: b 4FC swim:ha:ie. fuer assents/eel and fusty atorect Fut wend up 80207-- 23 metres high voltage heavy insulated Res B0175 - 1 202 rpm motor mains operated 2 watt data showing you tore to connect to ai.55Esr cc headceones and 14.0025 80176 - 4 heavy duty push switches - ideal for foe: daaa of sina4,.. FM asnA Inane fanee rod avol s re.i.ded for 80208 - 1 Photo multipEer tube RCA 4555 or equine rredura and tong are baxIsL Al mss up at vvy co -re.. --t board Ism Ce eqtripmem but good condition operation 3A 250e Offered at a fraction of 4s cost only E4.5 Japanese make 80177 - 5 LaTiput bulbs 12v 80239 - 1 Metal box approx. 8- v 3" x 4" 60178 - 3 Oblong amber indicators with liforauts 12v COMPUTER 130179 - 3 Oblong amber indicators with neon 240x 80210 - 4 Transistors type 2fil3055 13131130 - 6 round amber indicators with rears 240v DESKS 60211 - 1 Electric dock mains driven, always right time - not cased 50181 - 100 p.v.c. grommets hole size Few still available 50182 -1 short wave tuning condenser 50 of with s' Ceerootif d1hs - pry app. 80212 - 1 Double 13id S amp mans transformer idea recd for doming or wohno fluorescent tubes c spindle 7 78" t.41 fur LGNVed COST ova OW each Our psu etc 33183 -1 two gang short wave turtno condense- w pr -en ply 0.50 - You roast car 90213 - 2 Curti 5 core leads for mobile lidephones, spindle kXi -hunt:IMPS P/ppfad to transmitters etc, stretched length aPProk 2 3018e -1 three gang tuning condenser each sect schools_ metres 5E0 pf with trimmers and good length ;." BD214 - 3 sub-nmniature toggle switches spilt with spindle plastic doily 813185 - 4 ferrite red aerials 8- 3 8" rods ATM long 80215 - 5 miniature Mile switches does with chore and medium wave cors J. BULL (Electrical) Ltd. duty 601E6 -1 3 wafer switch: 13 pole 2 way. 12 pole 3 !Dept. E 3436 AMERICA LANE, Estableled 130216 -1 Stele: oeiss V_ s1 EP9301 way. 9 pole 4 way, 6 pole 6 way. 3 pole 12 33 YEARS HAYWARDS HEATH, SUSSEX RH16 30U- 130217- 100 pus- _ _ ' way, your choice 80218 - 1(0 s:::: s. right angled 30187 - 22 wafer switches '2 7- 2 way. 8 pole 3 MAIL ORDER TERMS: Cash. P.O. or chcoac vuth cede,. 80219 - 100 so' cc- - lerrrionas note IC sockets any way. 6 pole 4 r 6 way. 2 pole 12 Oroers ord. 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56 acivertisemem elektor electronics october 1985 New Circuitmate Multimeters Feature -packed multimeters atvery low prices From Beckman Industrial comesa new range of eight low-cost 31/2 digit multimeters - the `Circuitmate' series. They include three pocket-size

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57 elektor electronics October 1985 sound rotator

by T S Norris Et Audio signals produced by electrophonic instruments, such as electric M M Bhalsod pianos, organs, and synthesizers, often sound rather artificial and thin, lacking the natural colour of acoustic instruments. Early in electronic organ development, it was realized that a mechanically rotating speaker system (sometimes known as a Lesley speaker system) partially overcame this limitation by providing phase shifts that produce interference, both constructive and destructive, at a number of frequencies in the audio spectrum, which gives vitality and interest to the resulting sound. When two speakers rotate around one another, there exist constantly varying time delays - and therefore phase shifts - in the paths the sound takes to travel from the loudspeakers to the listener. A similar effect can be produced electronically by the use of a delay line with varying time delay. A charge -coupled device The schematic diagram of the sound also influences the output frequency. The consists of an array of MOS rotating circuit, which uses a CCD frequency of ICI can be set between 0.2 capacitors that are coupled, so that charges can be (charge -coupled device) delay line IC, is and 6 Hz with P1. The shape of the output moved through the semicon- shown in Fig. 1. The input signal passes at pin 4 is triangular, but this is transform- ductor substrate in a con- along one route to the mixing amplifiers. ed to near sinusoidal by low-pass network trolled manner. Although and along another to the delay line circuit. R3 -C3. The voltage across C3 is used to essentially an analogue shift register for use in signal pro- Filters are required before and after the frequency -modulate clocking oscillator cessing, the CCD can per- delay line, because a difference fre- IC2. form a wide variety of quency,4=4 -4,is produced in the The output of IC, is a rectangular voltage electronic functions. delay sampling process, where fs is the (at pin 3) at a frequency of about 120 kHz. delay line clocking frequency;4is any D -type bistable FF1 halves the frequency input frequency; and4is the difference and shapes the signal to a square wave frequency. Delayed signals udni and udel (duty factor=1:1). are then mixed with the original input Delay line IC4 is fed with both the Q and signal to produce output signals tica) and the Q output of FF1; these signals are, of uoa. course, in antiphase. A high -frequency oscillator provides a Opamp A1 (IC5) is a low-pass filter that clocking signal, uca, to pass charge reduces aliasing caused by the input packets along the delay line. The clocking signal being sampled at the 60 kHz clock- signal is frequency -modulated by signal ing frequency. The filter has a cut-off fre- urn that is provided by a low -frequency quency of about 15 kHz with a 12 dB sweep oscillator. roll -off. The filtered signal is applied to the input (pin 5) of the delay line via C3. The input pin is also provided with bias voltage Circuit description preset by P2. The output of the delay line The circuit diagram of the sound rotator is is fed to the second low-pass filter, A,, via shown in Fig. 2: ICI is the sweep oscil- SET BALANCE preset P3 and C14. lator; IC, and FF1 form the clocking oscil- Low-pass filter A2 prevents high -frequency lator; IC4 is the delay line; Al (IC5) is the clocking signals from reaching the mixer first, and A2 is the second, low-pass filter, amplifiers; its characteristics are similar to A3 and As are the mixers; and A4 is the those of filter AI. phase inverter. The original input signal is applied in The frequency determining components equal proportions to the non -inverting for ICI and IC2 are Ri-C, and R7 -Cs inputs of mixers A3 and As. The level of respectively, but the voltage at their pin 5 the delayed signal fed to A3 via R22, and to

58 A5 via R25 and phase inverter A4, is elektor electronics adjusted by SET DELAY SIGNAL LEVEL 1 October 1985 control P4.

Sweep HF clocking Construction and testing Oscillator oscillator The TDA1022 delay line should be treated with care, because it is a MOS IC that has no special protection against static elec- JUL tricity. When the construction of the circuit has been completed, a 9...15 V supply should Delay be connected and the operating current Line measured: this should be around 25 mA. Note that once the preset controls have Mixer been set at a certain supply voltage, they may have to be reset if the level of the supply voltage is changed. Check with an oscilloscope that the signal at pin 3 of IC2 is about 120 kHz. If the measured frequency is very different from this value, change R7 by trial and error: a smaller value for this component causes a higher frequency, and vice versa_ At the - same time, check that there is slight fre- Mixer quency modulation on this signal. 85099.1 Check with an anologue voltmeter - set to the 10 V AC range - connected Finally, apply a suitable signal (from a Figure 1. Schematic between pin 4 of ICI and earth, that ICI signal generator, organ, or synthesizer) to representation of the prin- oscillates. Also, check with Pi that the out- the input terminals, and adjust P4 and P5 ciple of operation of an put frequency is adjustable. electronic "Lesley to give the desired "sound rotation" effect system". Next, inspect the signal at the wiper of P3; to the signal at the output terminals. bias control P2 should be adjusted to give Figure 2. The circuit of a voltage of 5...6 V at this point. The the sound rotator is signal here should show some high - Finally based on a charge - coupled device frequency clocking residue. The sound rotator is suitable for signal Type TDA1022. Then, adjust P3 to minimize the clocking levels up to about 1 V r.rris. and is residue on the signal at the output of A2. intended to be installed prior to a power

2 .6 ... 9 ._Is V 0 0

Rio C22 9.. 15 V...25Z4A 0

1 ul 020 ROOn IC3 ,c5 IC,6 CED E0-3- CO

g T-

0, = SET FREQUENCY 0,y- SET VOCENUNG BIAS C9 0, = SET BALANCE FF1 = Ii1C3 = 4013 MIM 0, - SET DELAY SIGNAL LEVEE 19191 0, - Sit 0113132NAL SIGNAL LEVEL Al = IC5 = 71.08 100e A2... AS = IC6 = TL 0234 9 .. 15 V 07.13*Erallyant

RYE 1=1

w. cn 19V

b

b

C271 C15 SCR 411G_

BS0052

59 Figure 3. The printed - circuit board for the 3 sound rotator.

Parts list

Resistors: RI = 18 k R2 = 33k 113;Fi5;a7;1316;1321 = 10 k RA = 3k3 R6 = 1k5 138:139:Fl1i:R13:Ri7;Ris:R22: R23; R25.. R29 = 100 k Rio:R24:R30 = 1k R12 = 4k7 R14=150Q R15 = 47 k F116;F120 = 470 Q Pr = 10 k linear potentiometer P2 = 10 k multiturn preset potentiometer P3 = 1 k multiturn preset potentiometer P4;P5 = 50 k logarithmic potentiometer

Capacitors: CI:Ca =1 n C2:Cto = 4/47; 15 V C3 = 10 p: 16 V C5 = 470 p Ce:Cs:Cii:C14:C17; _Cn:C24:C26 = 100n C7:Ci5 = 220 p C8:C.16 = 100 p C12:C13:Cis:C2.3 = 47 pi; 16 V C18 = 220n

Semiconductors: ICI:IC2 = NE 566 IC3 = 4013 IC4 = TDA 1022 (if this is difficult to obtain locally, it may be had from MB Instruments, 31 Ashvale, Cambridge, from whom other parts are also available) IC6 = TL 081; TL 071; LF 356 IC6 = TL 084; TL 074

Miscellaneous; IC sockets as required knobs for potentiometers as required input, output, and battery terminals PCB 85099

amplifier. A PP3 battery can be used to from the radio. In this context, it should operate the unit if it is, for instance, to be be noted that there is not really a "Lesley used in a foot -pedal or similar portable effect" with monophonic music, but rather enclosure. a sort of vibrato mixed with phasing. None Our tests show that the effect of the sound the less. the sound of small electronic rotator is most noticeable with solo organs, synthesizers. and electric guitars instrumental music. and least when the and pianos will benefit from the richness unit is used with popular music received imparted by the sound rotator.

60 elektor electronics October 1985

stage lighting 1by A Sevriens At this time of the year, thousands of amateur and school dramatic and music societies and groups are preparing for the comingseason. A large number of these societies often wish they had a proper stage lighting installation, which permits the smooth changing and blending of lights and colours, the setting up of complete scenes with preset light intensities, and the smooth transition of light of two or more colours from one scene to the next at a controlled rate. The control panel of this type of installation can be located at a convenient place from where the operator can view the scene. Unfortunately, professional installations of this nature cost anything from a couple of thousand pounds upwards. The installation described in this and the next issue can, however, be built fora fraction of that cost.

The control panel contains two separately and then mixed. In position I-ll, fading of preset light channels. Each lamp of the both channels is effected by preset I only. stage lighting system is controlled by two At one end of the travel of this control. independent potentiometers, I and II in channel I is operational, while at the other Fig. 1. which are connected into circuit by end. channel II is; at intermediate pos- a main control switch (S, in Fig. 1). This itions, both channels are operational to a enables the brightness of each lamp to be degree which is proportional to the set- preset at two different levels, as selected ting. This position of S,, therefore. allows by the two main potentiometers. In prac- smooth transition from one to the other tice. this makes it possible for a scene to channel. be enacted. while the light levels for the The centre group of functional blocks in next scene are being set up. Fig. 1 represents the individual channels These functions are shown schematically for each lamp. The lamps are connected in Figure I. The upper group in this in groups of three. Each lamp channel is diagram contains the two main controls, I provided with two slide potentiometers, and II, an audio input with associated which are fed from main controls I and II. electronic circuitry, and a change -over The slide potentiometers enable the switch S,, which permits the desired brightness of each lamp to be preset at blend to be selected. In position I, the two different levels. Each group of three two channels are preset independently lamp channels is accommodated on one

61 elektor electronics october 1985 1

audio.p.

S1>t,,f2

--,-T-.Y II II I 1i -rr

preset preset preset preset preset preset 1 3 4 5 6

_J

mains zero crossing mains zero crossing control control

Lal La4 La5 La 6

Figure 1. Block schematic 85097-1 diagram of a six -channel phase 1 phase 2 stage lighting installation. More channels may be added as shown. printed -circuit board (PCB). Even in its opto-isolators, ensuring complete isolation smallest set up, the stage lighting control from the mains. can, therefore, accommodate three spotlights. The bottom group comprises the power stages with triac control. These stages and Main control the wiring of the system will be discussed The circuit diagram of the main controls in Part 2 in our November issue. Suffice it and the required power supply is shown to say at this stage that each group of in Figure 2. This circuit, with the excep- three triacs and the zero crossing control tion of the mains transformer, is built on is accommodated on two PCBs. Zero one printed -circuit board. crossing control ensures minimal noise The power supply provides a symmetrical and interference being fed back to the 15 V supply as well as a 10 V reference mains, while the three triacs permit each voltage (via IC5). Great care has been of the three lamps to be connected to one taken in the design to prevent noise and phase of the mains. This in turn means other interference being fed back to the that lamps of up to 5 kW power rating can mains supply or into the control circuit, so be used. This is sufficient even for the that spurious operation of lamps is effec- Royal Opera House. Covent Garden! The tively obviated. power stages are, of course, controlled via The system can be audio controlled as

62 elektor electronics 2 october 1985

10 V

Al, A2 = ICI = 4558 A3, A4 = 1C2 = 4558 15 V C151 51 0 142

audio 15 V ci -01 10 V 0-0 -to

100k

-15 NM. 15 V 15 V

0491 15V

0 41,76V 4147 16V ® IC1 IC2 0 ky7 4147=6V C.) 4.4411 isv 83170 BS250

R14 53 15V 10V p ICS LP4317T 0 Fl C6 C4

50011.4. A 6 5 DS 03 3 0 15 V 41 1C3 7815 G LM 317T MIM

C7 CS " Cr41m

2a 15V 100 rick C9 C11 C13CI WPM 10p 16V D3 .. D6 = 4 x 1N4001 F--

1 C4 C7...4.22n 1C4 7815 r)! is 55057-2

Figure 2. Circuit diagram of the main control board. well as operated normally. The audio IC5, which has a good temperature stab- input is amplified and processed in ility. The exact value of the reference opamp Al. Potentiometer P1, which has an voltage is determined by 14. Should the internal switch, Si, can set the input sensi- reference voltage not be exactly 10 V. the tivity to about 100 mV. When P1 is turned value of R9 should be altered by trial and fully anticlockwise, the audio input is error until a value of 10 V is obtained. A short-circuited and Si closes. This results higher value of R9 causes a higher value in Ti switching off and T2 conducting. The of the reference voltage. inverting input of buffer amplifier A2 is Opamp A2 buffers the reference voltage, then no longer fed with the rectified which is applied to its inverting input via audio signal; instead, the 10 V reference T2 and R6. Its output is applied to the two voltage is applied to it. which enables main controls, P3 and P4, which serve normal (manual) operation. channels I and II respectively. The con- Capacitor C10 limits the base response of trols are buffered by A3 and A4 respect- the audio circuit; if this limitation is not ively. Note that P3 must be a stereo required, the capacitor may have a lower potentiometer, because in the circuit as value or be omitted altogether. drawn with Ss set for normal operation, the Preset P2 enables setting of the drop -out buffers are fed separately by P3 andP4. time. Channels I and II can, therefore, be mixed The 10 V reference voltage is provided by or set independent of one another. With

63 etektor electronics october 1985 10 V ... D4= 1N4148

a 15

0 IC, (Cl ic,

-150 015 (ID 55097,3 15V Figure 3. Circuit diagram of a lamp channel. S2 in the other position, the control channel. The input voltages at M1 and M, voltages for Channel I (A3) and Channel II are supplied direct to presets P1 and P2 (A4) are both provided by P3. The two respectively. The voltages at the wipers of halves of this potentiometer are in these presets are combined and applied "opposition", i.e., in one of the e -eme to the inverting input of ICI via diodes DI positions, Channel I is operatio_ and in and D,. The diodes prevent interaction the other, Channel II. The outp.oltages between the two presets ant ensure that from A3 and A4 are fed to the t_ tts on the higher of the two voltages determines the lamp channel board(s). the operation of IC1. The 0.0 V drop across the diodes is countered by that across D4 in the feedback loop. With full drive, the output of IC, is 10 V. The Section of aluminium Lamp channels resulting voltage at terminal C is a moulding which facili- tates the construction of The circuit in Figure 3 shows tha only measure of the brightness of the lamp the housing. one opamp is used for the entire . imp connected to this channel. An additional facility is provided by Si, a change -over switch with open centre pos- ition. As drawn, the voltages from the presets determine the operation. When S1 is switched to earth, the lamp goes out, since the voltages from the presets are then virtually shortcircuited by R3. With S1 connected to the cathode of D3, the voltage at terminal C remains at 10 V so that the relevant lamp is held at full brightness.

Finally Some thought should be given at this stage to the front panels. Fic axes 4 and 5 illustrate one possibility for .r.te main and lamp control unit(s) respect vely. Note that the position of the switches and poten- tiometers is determined by the printed - circuit boards. The sandwich construction results in a compact unit as shown in Figure 6.

64 elektor electronics october 1985

Figure 4. One possible layout of the front panel for the main control unit.

Figure 5. One possible layout of the front panel for the lamp channel unit.

65 Figure 6. The slide poten- tiometers are soldered to 6 the track side of the PCB. which makes it necessary for their terminals to be bent as shown by the arrow. Figure 7. Illustrating how the PCBs are fitted to the front panel.

Parts list IFig. 8)

Resistors: R7 = 100 k R2 = 27 k R3 = 1k 134 = 470 R5 = 10 k R6 = 47 k R7 = 22 k R8 = 1k5 R9 = 68 9* R10 = 220 Rii...R14 = 104 Pi = 47 k linear Before the construction is started, it is discussed in detail next month, are potentiometer with switch necessary to be quite clear on the size of housed in a separate enclosure and con- P2 =1 M preset poten- tiometer the required unit. As stated, in its smallest nected to the control panel by a simple P3 = 100 k stereo slide form, the installation offers three lamp control cable. The wiring in the control potentiometer, linear, for channels, for which one main control and panel is not critical, since the boards are fitting one lamp channel PCB are required. interconnected by simple jumpers. P4 = 100 k mono slide Potentiometer, linear, for Where nine lamp channels are needed, It is essential that the potentiometers are PCB fitting two more relevant PCBs are required. The of good quality, because "scratchy" ones power supply shown in Figure 2 can cope may result in flickering lamps. Capacitors: easily with this number of boards. = 100 n The housing of the control panel can be C2:C3 = 1 p; 16 V Part 2 will appear in our November 1985 C4...Cz = 22n kept fairly flat and light as shown in Fig- C8; Cs = 1000p;25 V ure 7. The power stages, which will be issue. 10 16 V C,4 ..C18 = 4u7; 16 V

Semiconductors: Di = zener diode, 10 V, 400 mW D2 = 1N4148 D3...D6= 1N4001 Tr = BS 170 T2 = BS 250 1C1;1C2 = 4558; 1458; TL 082 IC3 = 7815 IC4 = 7915 IC5 = LM317T

Miscellaneous: SZ = single pole change -over switch S3 = double pole mains switch F1 = fuse. 500 mA, delayed action fuseholderfor Ft; single hole mounting mains chassis socket heat sinks for IC3 and IC4 mains transformer;; secondary 2 x 15 V; 2.5 VA or 4.5 VA knobs for slide potentiometers PCB 85097-1

'see text

66 elektor electronics 8 9 october 1985

Figure 8. Main control printed -circuit board.

Figure 9. Lamp channel printed -circuit board. +o1S' Or, . 13 +ck

Parts list (Fig. 9)

Resistors: Ri;R2 = 1 k R3 = 22 2 R4:R5 = 1 M R6:132 = 10 131;P2 = 100 k mono slide potentiometer, linear, for PCB mounting

Capacitors: C1 = 47 n C2;C3 = 4p7; 16 V

Semiconductors: D1...D4 = 1N4148 IC1 = 741; LF 356

Miscellaneous: Si = single pole change -over switch with open centre position two knobs for slide potentiometers PCB 85097-2

NOTE: all these parts, except the PCB itself, are required three -fold for each board.

67 elektor electronics october 1985 Electronic instrumentation fed into the patient and carefully pos- is saving lives itioned so thatitspin -headtipis aligned opposite the treatment site. The use of electronic devices andThe important alignment procedure is instrumentation in medical care hasassisted by passing visiblelight increased dramatically over the past 20through the cable and connecting it years and new technology is beingto a viewing device known as an introduced at an exciting pace. Elec-endoscope. tronic instrumentation is used to moni-When the cable tip is precisely pos- tor the heart, brain and liver, and toitioned at the delivery site, the visible measure pulse rate, blood flow, andlight is replaced with a short duration metabolism of the human body. burstofnear -infraredlightderived It is used to determine the size, shape,from a powerful laser. The laser,its and orientation of an unborn child,power supply, and all the controls are and to locate the presence of tumours, housed in a floor -standing unit that damaged tissue, and broken bones. can be used anywhere in the hospital Fromthe . simplebloodpressure where a three phase electrical supply analyser to the heart pacemaker andand mains cooling water are available. whole body scanner, electronicKnown as Fiberlase-100, the system instrumentation has made possible theuses a neodymium doped yttrium alu- alleviation of suffering and the pro-minium garnet laser (usually described longation of human life to an extentby the abbreviation Nd-YAGI, which that would have caused past gener- producesnear -infrared lightat a Harwell developed ultrasonic inspection ations to gasp in astonishment. wavelength of1.06 pm. At thissystem in use at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London displays ultrasonic images of the Among recent developments has beenwavelength, the laser light is able toeye directly on a television screen and the pioneering of life-saving surgery bypenetrate deep into the tissue and canallows them to be recorded on a standard the so called laser scalpel developed byseal offlarge,bleeding vessels andvideo recorder. Electronics and medicine

Barr EtStroud.Thisrevolutionarydestroy tumour cells. The laser power Radioactive Tracers technique was first used in the earlydelivered to the target site is micropro-An ancillary facility provided by the 1980s and, in particular, in 1984 at thecessor controlled and can be deliveredsystem is the ability to deliver carbon Oldham and District General Hospitalin pre-settable 10 W increments overdioxide gas at low or high flow rates in northwest England, by Naru Hira,the range 50 to 100 W. The laser pulse for clearing blood from the target site. senior consultant surgeon. He treatedduration can be similarly pre-set overThe first application of nuclear radi- bleeding stomach ulcers and removedthe range 0.1to 9.9 seconds inin- ation in medicine took place in 1898, tumours all without open surgery andcrements of 0.1 second. when Marie Curie and her husband with only a local anaesthetic. Digital displays are a very importantPierreused gamma radiation from feature of the Fibrelase-100. They cannaturally occurring radium on tumours be used to indicate the energy de-in the human body. Since then, techni- livered by each laser pulse, the numberques have been developed for produc- Laser Light of pulses delivered, and the accumu-ing an enormous range of very useful The Barr Et Stroud technique relieslated energy dose receivedattheradioactive isotopes of a type that do upon a length of fibre optic cable beingtarget site. not exist in nature. These so called artificial radio -isotopes are produced mainly from the neutron irradiation of non -radioactive nuclei in a nuclear reactor or, less frequenctly, from proton irradiation of such nuclei in the target chamber of a particle accelerator such as a cyclotron. Radio -isotopes are widely used in the medical field as tracers, for example, for determining the uptake of iodine by thethyroidgland,thereactionof metabolism of the body to iron and other minerals, and the formation and utilizationoffats.Tracers arealso widely used to detect the presence of tumours, to measure blood volume in a limb, and to diagnose heart disease.

Picture of Heart Many of the radio -isotopes used in Britain - and in many other parts of the world - are manufactured in two nuclearreactorsand a powerful This thyroid counting system from Nuclear Enterprises features a dedicated micropro- cyclotron at the Harwell Laboratory in cessor that provides all the facilities required for operating the system. Oxfordshire. These isotopes,inthe

66 elektor electror'cs actober 1985 main,are marketed by Amershamdo this is valuab:e in monitoring thea safer substitute for X and gamma International, which has two packag-performance of the heart after exercise radiation, particularly in the examine- ing and distribution plants in Britainor assessing its rPsponse to drugs or , on of pregnant women and of those and exports more than 80 per cent ofother stimuli. parts of the body where there is insuffi- its products. The new gold radio -isotope has en-cient contrast in the irradiated tissue to The Harwell laboratory has recentlyabled a major adv;-nce to be made inproduce a satisfactory radiograph. A perfected a new production techniquethe developmer tandard diagnos- good example of the use of ultrasonics using its variable energy cyclotron fortic tests for carol, heart disease and is the new data recording and imaging producingtheradioactiveisotopeis being assessed St Bartholomew's system developed by theHarwell gold -195m. This new radio -isotope has Hospital, London, nd at the Western- laboratory for the ultrasonic eye scan- a half-life of or.iy 30.5 seconds and isInfirmary, Glasgov nerusedattheMoorfields Eye used in a technique known as singleA British compan, that specializes inHospital, London. pass nuclear angiography forthe design, development, and manu- The system displays ultrasonic images investigatingthe dynamicsofthefacture of nucleonic instrumentsis of the eye directly on a standard tele- heart. Nuclear Enterprises of Reading. vision monitor and allows them to be The technique begins with the injec- Founded in 1956, this company sup-recorded on a video cassette recorder. tion of a small amount of radioactiveplies instruments to hospitals, The recording provides the surgeon gold intothe bloodstream anditteaching establishments, and nuclearwith a permanentrecordofthe quickly passes through the vessels ofinstallations all over the world. patient's eye condition and allows the heart. images to be replayed later during A radiation detector made by diagnostic discussions. Scintronix of Livingston in the Lothian Ultrasonic Radiation Region is positioned outside the body Representative ofthe over the heart, and is used to detect company's nucleonic instrumentation in the gamma radiation emitted by the the medical fieldisits thyroid countingCampaign against noise radioactivebloodcells.Itsupplies signals to a special camera, whichsystem. This comprises a scintillation - Noise is a hazard that all too often is type radiation detector connected to a takes up to 60 pictures a second of the over -looked by workers and manage- microprocessor -controlledelectronics emitted radiation. The equipment uses ment who could be unaware of its assembly. A single channel analyser is harmful effects until it is too late. That these to build up an image of the heartset to respond to a narrow band of for display on a conventional television is why Britain'sHealth and Safety gamma radiation centred on that emit- monitor, and to record the data on a Executive (HSE), the organization that ted by the iodir radio -isotope con- video reco-der. The image displayed on checks safety at work, has launched a tained in the pat - s thyroid gland. major campaign to redure noise levels themonitorcan show theheart Signals originatin_1 this way are fed at the place of work. beating an: wivides information aboutto a ratemeter, wl- Ise output is con- its function and operating efficiency. Itisestimated thatinthe United nected to a chart ecorder displaying Kingdom alone almost a million people the relationship between thyroid work in noise levels high enough to uptake and time. createarisktotheirears. Some Repeated Tests Among many other products appli-workers may actually suffer permanent It is the short half-life of gold -195m thatcable to the medical field,Nuclear damage. Thoseparticularlyatrisk makes this particular isotope so valu-Enterprisesalsomanufacturesthe include shipbuilders,steelworkers, able. Earlier techniques made use oflonexdose/dose-ratemeter,which men using pneumatic hammers, riv- the technetium -99m radio -isotope, butallows precision routine measurements eters and, those employed in canning this has a half-life of six hours. of accumulated gamma -ray dose and factories. With a half-life of only 30.5 secondsdose rate at therapy and patient pro- A circular saw produces about 102 dB the injected gold disappears from thetection levels. and a stockman who looks after pigs body within a few minutes and enablesUltrasonicradiationisincreasingly can be subjected to squeals of 108 dB. the patient to be. subjected to repeatedused in medicine because it is possible This may not sound much of a differ- tests at short intervals. The ability toto image soft tissue structure, and it is ence until it is remembered that 1 dB (decibel) is a logarithmic unit of sound ...ct ai L, intensity, so that a difference of 6 dB

represents a sixfold increase in noise. The HSE campaign hopes to increase kw- liter Ur! awareness of the danger of noise and to encourage quieter machines. Noise in machinery can be dampened by enclosure - for instance, chipboard drills can be quietened by 30 dB in this way - or by special mountings that canreducenoisefromvibrating machinery by 13 dB in some cases. The HSE has produced abooklet listing100 examples ofquietening tools and equipment.

Ear Protectors Another objectiveisto encourage equipmentmanufacturerstomake quieter machines. This design against noise campaign has received support from the Government and is gaining wider backing all the time. Conducting a noise level survey in a factory. The HSE is also trying to persuade

69 elektor electronics october 1985 workers that when ear protectors arewants to pick up a glass. In addition, supplied by management they oughtthe user has consciously to provide to be worn at all times. Noise relatedmuscle stimulationallthe time to hearing impairment is often slow tomaintain a grip. develop, but, once it does, can be per-Professor Nightingale has solved many manent. of these problems with the help of a Total or partial loss of hearing cansmall personal computer that is carried result, or the workers may suffer fromby the patient. He has also designed tinnitus - a constant ringing in thespecial sensors to form part of the ears. Whatever the risk, all too oftenartificialhand and constantly feed. workersleaveear protectorsoffinformation back to the computer. because they are uncomfortable. In a more general effort to increase noise awareness, the HSE has a mobile exhibition that toursBritain, and itMore Sensitive Grip would welcome further legislation toThis means that all the patient now control noise. has to do is to put the new hand near, say, the glass and, through the normal musclesinthisarm,instructthe fingers to close. Three tiny motors in Computerized artificial handthe hand control the thumb, forefinger Doctors and biomechanical re- and otherfingers.Theyallmove searchersare producingingenious separately so that the hand closes on devices to replace defective or missingthe glass with the fingers wrapped intoA family doctor takes part in a pilot pro- parts of the human body. Prostheses,the appropriate positions. From thenjectinBritain designed to give rapid warning of harmful side effects caused by as they are called,rarely copy theon the patient can forget that he isdrugs. The doctor used Prestel viewdata originals absolutely but, with constantusing a prosthesis because the com- equipment inhis surgery to feed the advances in associated fields, such asputer takes over. Should the glass slip, warning into a central data bank. control engineering and electronics,special slip sensors cause the hand mechanicalprosthesesaregettingpressure to be increased. The handthe quality and quantity of reports. weighs only 450 g but can deliver a better. Doctors involved in the pilot study key At the University of Southampton,grip force of 2 kg and, with the sensorsin answers to various questions that embedded in the fingers, should be Professor JimNightingale andhis they call up on the screen. These ques- team have been concentrating on onealmost as robust as a normal hand. tions relate to specific reactions to a The computer that controls it is about part of the body where an efficient pro- drug. The keyed -in information is then the size of a video tape cassette but sthesis could transform the patient's sent direct to the CSM by telephone life.For the last13 years they have ProfessorNightingalebelieves his link. Every family doctor has his own been working on an artificial hand.team might soon be able tofita security code in the system and the smaller one into the hand itself. Unfor- Now, using computer technology and central databanks are further protected miniaturemotors, ProfessorNight- tunately,the battery to power theby more complex codes so that only equipment is still fairly cumbersome. ingale believes the team will soon have authorized people can gain access. Professor Nightingale's prosthesisis a model to go into clinical trials. The process will speed up the assess- still in the research stage, but the suc- ment of a drug's safety and effec- cessful use of sensors and feedback tiveness.It should also permit drugs with a computer that is not prepro-that have proved dangerous to he grammed offers real hope for more withdrawn immediately. natural mechanical hands. The CSM even hope to be able to tell doctors that a drug has been banned before the decisionis made public More effective monitoring through the newspapers. However, the CSM has assured doctors that the of drug safety computer linkwill not automatically Britain'sCommitteeofSafetyoflead to more drugs than at present Medicines (CSM), which monitors thebeing taken off the market. effectsofdrugs onpatients,has (LPS) initiated a trial to improve the reporting by family doctors of adverse drug reac- tions on patients. The pilot study will involve 300 doctors and will look at the feasibility of using microcomputers of This sophisticated artificial hand. con viewdataequipmenttomake the trolled by sensors and a microcomputer reports.If the scheme is succesful, carried by the user, was designed atthereisthelikelihoodthatsuch Southampton University. England. systems will ultimately be installed in every family doctor's surgery. Numerous problems face existing pro-The CSM normallylearnsabout sthetic hands. Many are cumbersomeadverse drug reactions by what is with a limited amount of movement.known as the yellow card system. The Theyare generallycontrolledbydoctor is supposed to fill in a yellow muscle stimulation in the stump and,form and post it to the CSM if he has because of poor processing of thisobserved some side effect. signal, hand movements tend to beManyhealthworkersbelievethis delayed and only one move can besystem misses too many cases. If the made at a time. This is quite difficultcomputerized scheme proves popular, for the patient when, for example, hethe CSM is confident it will improve

70 elektor electronics october 1985 Quality first at BICC-VERO companies BICC-VERO has joinedtheselectlistof manufacturers that have won recognition as BSIFirmsofAssessedCapability.The Crystals from KW Amphenol in Hong Kong company is the first to be registered by the Communications Ltd Amphenol Productshas openeda newBntish Standards Institution for the design and manufacture of electronics enclosures, card Following their recent appointment as sole UK 6200 m' plant in Hong Kong for the production of flat ribbon cable and selected connectors.frames, and associated accessories,either distributors for an EEC crystal manufacturing standard or purpose built. company, KW Communications can now AmphenolProductshasextensiveinter- supply a wide range of crystals for communi- national manufacturing experience, operating.BICC-VERO Electronics Ltd Industrial Estate cations and microprocessor applications. The plants in Canada, Great Britain, France, West Chandlers Ford crystals are available in a wide range of fre- Germany, and Italy. and through affiliates in quencies and holder styles, including HC6U, Japan and India. Hampshire 505 3ZR HC18U, HC25U, and HC33U. They comply Amphenol Limited Telephone: 104215) 60211 with MIL/C/3098 for supply to NATO equip- Thant Way ment manufacturers. Whitstable KW Communications Ltd Kent CT5 3JF Coutant top in EPD survey Vanguard Works. Telephone: 10227) 264411 Jenkins Dale Coutant Electronics have gained top place in the OEM power supply category Chatham, Kent ME4 5RT ofthe Telephone: (0634) 815173 Electronic Product Design preference survey 1985 This survey, conducted by the Techpress MarketingServicesDepartment,covered Monolithic Memories' eighteen manufacturers and involved 2000 earnings down readers of Electronic Product Design. Apollo flying high Coutant Electronics was formed in 1959 and at Apollo Computer Inc. recently reported net Monolithic Memories Inc reports that sales for present employs almost 300 staff, engaged its third fiscal 1985 quarter ending 9 June were sales for the second quarter ended June 29 of exclusively in the design and manufacture of $39 390 000 compared with $45 973 000 for $87 548 000. nearly double those for the com- power supplies. parable period in 1984. Net profits for the the corresponding quarter last year. Net earn- ings were $304 000, or 2 cents per share, com- Courant Electronics Ltd quarter increased 43 per cent to $7 365 000 or pared with 34 cents per share in the thirdKingsley Avenue 21 cents per share as compared with 17 cents Ilfracombe quarter of 1984. per share for the second quarter in 1984. Mr Erwin Federman, President and ChiefDevon EX34 8ES Apollo Computer Inc. Telephone: (0271/ 63781 manufactures Executive Officer, said that, with the exception dedicated,high-performance 32 -bitwork- ofdefencecustomers, stations that operate in a distributed local -area marketdemands network . The company has oper- remain weak, reflecting general industry con- ditions.Intensepricecompetition and a ations in seventeen countries and has shipped continuing strong dollar have combined toCirkit to market WPO kits nearly 12 000 workstations for use in a varietysubstantially of engineering, scientific, and other technical reducemargins. Monolithic Memories applications. is responding to thesecir- All marketing and distribution of the well- cumstances by the decommissioning of oneknown WPO Communicationsrange of Apollo Computer (UKI Ltd wafer production facility, the curtailment ofamateur radio kits is now carried out by Cirkit Aegis Park factory schedules, and the implementation ofHoldings PLC. who are already a market leader Bromley Road shortened working weeks for all employees. In inkitsand modules forelectroniccon- Mount Farm Spite of these measures, he stated that it wasstructors. Milton Keynes A1K1 1PT unlikely that MMI can continue to operate Cirkitalready stocks the twenty-five most Telephone: (09081366188 profitably unless orders pick up in the near popular WPO lines: the remainder will become future. available from January 1986- Monolithic Memories is one of the leading pro- CirkiiHoldings PLC ducers of semi -custom, high performance Park Lane Midland -Ross Limited large -scale -integration logic andBrothourne memorycircuits_ Foundedin 1969, theHerts ENID 7N0

The Electronic Connector Division of Midland- company employs some 3800 people Telephone. (09921 444111 Ross Ltd - a broad -based manufacturer and worldwide. marketer of electronic connectors, intercon- nect devices, and hardware - is to expand its Monolithic Memories Limited Castleton,Sheffield,factory at a cost of Monolithic House around f3m. The expansion will double the 1 Queens Road company's British workforce by creating some Farnborough Racal in Italy 200 new jobs and underlines the capability of Hants GU14 6DJ Midland -Ross to compete in a fiercely con- Telephone: (02521 517431 Racal Redac a world leader in computer -aided design systems for the electronics industry. is testedmarketwiththeindustry'smulti- nationals. expanding its European activities with a new Succeslul new products, such as Insulation sales operation in Italy. As well as opening a new office in Milan. Displacement Connectors, have taken Midland -Ross strongly into one of the fastest. Crow and Barco renew Reriac has also appointed Tele Communi- growing sectors of the electronic connector cations System SpA of Milan as a system industry. agreement distributor.Tele Communications SpA has The f3m investment strengthens the base for Crow of Reading Limited and Barco Video considerable experience in the industry, and launching a major force in the world connector Communications NV have renewed their pic- will focus on the sale of two new systems ideal for the Italian market. market,whichhasbeendevelopedby ture monitor distribution agreement fora Midland -Ross over the past two years. In that further three years without material change_ Rerlac. which started twenty years ago with period, the company has joined together theUnder the terms of this agreement. Crowthe development of computer -aided design strengths of such famous names as Cambion, retains the exclusive franchise throughout the systems for printed -circuit board Hollingsworth Sotderless Terminals, SAE Con- United Kingdom for the distribution and ser-design, now has over 2300 installations around nectors. and Bergey. vice of the entire Barco range of broadcastthe world.In Europe, successful operating Currently, Midland -Ross offers its customers television picture monitors. subsidiaries in West Germany, France, Scan- dinavia, and the Netherlands have enabled the over 80 000 products, including a significant Crow is also UK distributor for Barco HDTV number of state-of-the-art company to capture over 35 per cent of the lines. The total colour monitors, which have been speciallymarket. range includes printed -circuit board intercon- developedfor use with wide band high -Rerfac's Milan office will he fully supported by nect devices, solderless terminals, splices, and definition television systems a complete line of electronic hardware. Racal-Redac SA, based in Paris, which has Crota of Reading Limited already established itself as a successful sup- Mid/and-Ross Limited Hudsons House plier to the French market with nearly 200 Electronics Connector Division 264 Bath Road installations. Castleton Slough Racal-Redac Limited Sheffield 530 2WR Becks SL1 4EF Telskeshmy Telephone: 104331 20831 Telephone: 107351 31181 Gloucestershire GL20 8HE

71 elektor electronics Weber 1985 advertisement

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E 1.00 10 A 200 v bridge £ 1.50 BA 159 1 A 1000 V TIP 112, 125. 426 2,£ 1.00 15 A 100 v bridge £ 1.50 Fast recovery 100/E4.00 TIP 355....£1.30 TIP 35C £ 1.50 25 A 200 v bridge_ ea. E 2.00 10£ 18.00 SE9302100V1OADari_simTIP121..2 E 1.00 25 A 400 v bridge £ 2.50101£ 22.00 MULTI TURN PRESETS 2N3055 Motorola 50 p £2.00 10R, 20R. 100R, 200R, 500R. 1K. ....50p 2N3055 Ex eget_ tested 4, £ 1.00 SCRs 2K, 5K, 22K. 50K, 100K, 200K. 1M. Plastic 3055 or 2955 equiv. 50p 100: £30.00 2N3773 NPN 25A 160V ... £1.80 10£16.00 MCR72-6 400 v £ 1.00 IC SOCKETS BTX95 800 v 15 A £ 1.50 8 pin 12/£1.00 DISPLAYS 35 A 600 v stud E2.00 14 pin 10/E 1.00 Futaba 4 digit clock fluorescent display MCR106 equiv. 4 A 400 V 40p 16 pin 12/£ 1.00100/£ 6.00 5 -LT 16 £ 1.50 2N5061 800 mA 60 v TO92 4/£ 1.00 18120 pin 7/f 1.00100/f 12.00 Futaba 8 digit calculator fluorescent TICV 106D .8 A 400 v TO92 1K £ 50.00 display 9 CT -01-3L £ 1.50 3/£ 1 100/£ 15.00 22/28 pin 25p LCD Clock display 0.7" digits E 3.00 MEU21 Prog. unijunction 3/£ 1.00 24 pin...25p 100/E 20.00 1K £100.00 Large LCD Clock display 1" digits £ 3.00 40 pin 30p 7 seg 0.3" display comm. cathode 2 £ 1.00 TRIACS TRIMMER CAPACITORS QUARTZ HALOGEN LAMPS discs 25p small Al 216 24 v 150 w ____ £ 2.25 TXAL225 8A 400V 5 mA gate .... 2 1 GREY 1.5-6.4 pF HI 12 55 )car spot) £ 1.25 100/E 35.00 GREEN 2- 22 pF 5 for 50p 25A 400V ex eqpt. tested E1.50 GREY larger type 2-25 pF 5 for 50p MISCELLANEOUS CONNECTORS SOLID STATE RELAYS NEW MIN FLAT RELAY 24V 2 pole c/o 30 . 20 RS 348-649 £ 1.50 100- £ 1.00 (EX EQPT. price per pair) 10A 250V AC 12mm sim 9 way £ 115 way £ '1.2525 way £2 4 , 4 MEMBRANE KEYBOARD E 1.50 zero voltage switching 37 way £ 2 50 way £ 3.50 covers 50p ea. control voltage 8-28 V DC £ 2.50 NEW BRITISH TELECOM pluglead £ 1.50 NEW 25way PCB skt £ 1.00 10.000.F 100V SPRAGUE 36D VARIAC 0 to 130 V 6 A D9 PCB PLUG 90 deg. £ 1.50 new uncased £ 6.00 (E.2) £ 4.00 IC 1.50) 0.1" disided edge connector, 32 way, 15.000.F 40V SPRAGUE 360 ideal DC81/ SPECTRUM £ 1.50 POLYESTER/POLYCARB CAPS. £ 2.50 (£ 1.501 0.1" d/sided pcb plug 24 25 way £ 1.50 10n 15n, 22n 33n 47n,68n 1.25" Panel fuseholders 5£1.00 2 pole sub min. connectors ideal radio control 10 mm rad 100 £3.00 STAINLESS STEEL HINGES 14.5" by 1" R5466/472/488.'343 5 pairs:£ 2.00 100n/250 V radial open each £1.00 10-£7.00 Mains transient Suppressors 245 V 3 £ 1.00 10 mm 100 £ 3 TOK KEY SWITCH 2 POLE 3 KEYS IDC CONNECTORS 25 way 'EV Plg/Skt 37 'CY PLUG ea. £ 2.00 1. 250V C280 5£ 1.00 100 E 10.00 ideal for car/home alarms. E 3 100/£ 2.00 145 Pi carb 15 mm rad ... 100/f 7.00 (Cl) 12 v 1.2 w small wire ended lamps, 20 way socket )BBC user port) £ 1.00 fit Audi/VVV/TR7/Volvo/ SAAB .10 £ 1.00 26 way socket (BBC printer) £ 1.50 242 160 V rad 22 mm . 100/£ 10.00 (£1.50) 470n 250 V AC X rated rad . 4 £1.00 Heat shrink sleeving pack £ 1.00 34 way socket (BBC disc drivel £ 2.00 40 way socket 2.00 33n/47n 250 V AC X rated rad 15 mm PTFE sleeving pack asstd. colours __ £ 1.00 10/£1.00 250 mixed res. diodes, zeners £ 1.00 10n 250 V AC X rated rad 10 mm10;£ 1.00 Mixed electrolytic caps. 100 £ 2.00 WIRE WOUND RESISTORS £ 2.50 W21 or sim. 2.5 W 100n 600 V sprague Stereo cass. 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72 advertisement elektor electronics october 1985

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However, equipment is now beingRobot Association. Writtenin con-shown thatasetofwell chosen developed to provide such senses asjunction with British Robotic Systems,"simple" sensors can provide all the sight,feel, and even smell.In theit reviews the scope for applicationsinformation necessary for the system security field, for example, research is and suggests ways for companies totodeterminethesuccessofan takingplace on sensorsthatcan embark on the use of artificial vision.attempted assembly. Such a capability recognize odours given off by explos- isessentialfor trulyflexible auto- ives. mation. At London's Imperial College, a robotSensory Feedback The departmenthasdevelopeda has been developed that detects the In theDepartmentofElectroniccamera system of low resolution (up to position of bones in sides of baconEngineering at the University of Hull,256x128 pixels), which is particularly suitable for such purposes as compo- nent inspection and identification. The use of a low cost dynamic random access memory chip as a light sensor provides a means of imaging not nor- mally obtainable by other means. While video cameras normally used for recording are based on charge coupled devices and cost up to £2000, the Hull University camera will cost about £100 - including interface with the robot's computer control. Its low resolution is quite adequate forrobot assembly applications and simple quality control inspection.

Linear Array Processor Formed nearly four years ago, British Robotic Systems has concentrated on the application of vision systems to enhance manufacturing processes. Its first system, the Autoview Viking, is based on alinear array processor developedinconjunction withthe NationalPhysical Laboratory.The company has recently developed a more advanced system known as the Viking XA. The original Viking system consists of anindustrialtelevisioncamera, a minicomputer, amonitor,interface hardware, and a command console. Specialized handling equipment and illumination to suit the application is available. By analysing the image pro- duced by the camera, the system can automaticallyidentifythecharac- teristic shapes of manufactured parts and their position,orientation, and textural features, so that quality can be Using a combination of lasers and miniature cameras, the MetaTorch accurately accommodates variations in seam width and direction during robot arc welding oper-confirmed or the next operation in a ations. process initiated. The sensors do this

74 elektor electronics october 1985 by measurement and comparison of key features and such parameters as area, radius, centre of gravity deduced electronics select from two dimensional measurements, and surface contours. developed an assembly work -station of an assembly station where compo- Recently accomplished tasks includefor its solar panels, of which it pro- nents have been designed for human duces 5000 a is automaticcharacter reading and year.This also assembly. checking, component measurement, engineeredarounda Puma robot In some areas it may be more econ- component indentification and orien-manufactured by Unimation Europe omic to design the components and tation, automatic crack detection andand operates efficiently without vision. the assembled product specifically for parts retrieval and machine loading handling by a robot without visual or from a bin. Vacuum Grippers tactile senses. The Viking XA includes an additionalThought to be the only one of its type, (LPS) set of powerful software commandsthe assembly robot commences its incorporating a PROLOGartificialsequence by pneumatically picking upby Arthur Fryatt intelligence (Al) language interpreter,a fragile solar cell disc, using one of which introduces expert system basedtwo vacuum grippers.It then orien- "help" functions and Al techniques.tates the cell with an indexing mark The system has full 512 x 512 pixel res-printed on the disc face and solders olution,anextendedmemoryofconductive leads to the cell. The leads 256 Kbytes, and an option for real time are then cut and crimped to allow for processing through the use of the lin-subsequent expansion and contrac- ear array processor. tion. After cooling, the cell is placed on a source of intense light and its electricaloutput is monitoredto Robot Arc Welding ensure that it meets the required level Havingemployedfirstgenerationof performance. Finally, it is placed in robots in paint spraying, spot welding,oneofthirty-sixpositionsonan and similar unpleasant jobs, it wouldassembly table with its leads correctly seem most attractive to extend theirpositioned. use to arc welding. However, newWhen allthirty-six cells have been problems arise in this application sinceplaced in position, the robot employs the seam to be welded may varytwo hot air guns to solder the cells slightly in width and direction. Work attogether into a continuous circuit. The Oxford University has resultedina entire process takes about 50 minutes. visual sensor that solves this problem.Many people regard vision and other To exploit the development commer-senses as the most promising proper- cially, the university has set up Metaties in the robot market. Undoubtedly, Machines tobuild and market theintelligent robots will help to overcome MetaTorch arc welding robot, whichthe problems of the disorganized state derives its "sight" from a compact combination of lasers and miniature cameras. These look a short distance ahead of the welding torch to locate the precise position of the joint, and the gap and offset of its edges. The information gathered, after com- plex vision and geometric processing, is passed to the robot arm and welding set. These enable the torch to follow the course of the joint exactly, and automatically adjust the welding con- ditions to secure a strong weld. As a result of this continuous feedback of information, the MetaTorch is able to cope withirregularityinthejoint caused by factors such as wear in location pins and fixtures, imperfect components, and the unpredictable springback of pressed sheet metal. The robot can even cope with changes caused by thermaldistortionwith occur during the course of a weld. Although vision systems may speed up the application of robots to assembly operations, the design of products to suit production can increase robot effi- ciencywithoutresorting tothe inclusion of vision sensors. Some years ago, forklift truck manufacturer Lansing engineered a Unimate Puma robot without vision to produce wire harnesses used in the connection of A multi -exposure photograph showing movement of the Unimate Puma robotarm dur- electrical circuits inits trucks. Moreing the assembly of solar panels. The complex nature of the component handling recently, BP SolarSystems hasdevices engineered by BP Solar Systems can be clearly seen.

75 elektor electronics october 1985 transputer. It is a complete computer on a single chip, and is an essential electronics select element in thefifth generation development. The fifthgeneration computer willDevelopment Agency and with theThe reputation of Professor Michie's soon be with us. But what exactly isbackingofStrathclydeUniversity, team has also attracted three United this wondrous device whose develop-which appropriately owes its origins inStates organizations, including ment costs over the next 20 years willpart to James Watt, the professor andWestinghouseElectric,tosignup run internationally into thousands ofhisteam have setup theTuring.under the terms of a recently created millions of pounds? Institute, named after the mathema-"remote affiliate" category. In fact it is not necessarily a computertician Alan Turing. at all, at least in terms of the presentHe was responsible for the pioneering generation of work -stations, pro-work on computing done at Bletchley cessors, and peripherals. Park during World War II, which con- Hands On Experience It could be a robot able to distinguishtributed to the cracking of the GermanThetrainingprogrammeforstaff between the circuit board itis sup -Enigma codes. Professor Michie wasseconded on a long term basis involves The thinking computer

posed to be picking up and the lunch-one of Turing's young colleagues. formal instruction and hands-on time sandwich of the maintenanceThe Japanese decision to set up a fifthexperience. Formal instruction comes engineer, inadvertently left lying besidegeneration computer project in 1982,under three main headings of inference the production line. It could be a com-involving eight major companies andsystems and logic programming, puterthattalksandquestions a two national laboratories with govern-which are the basic underpinnings of management decision made when anmentandprivatefunding,gavethe techniques used in the develop- executive is having an offday. Or itimpetus to the fifth generation con-ment of expert systems; computer could be an expertin any subjectcept and sparked off the race to con-vision, which takes in the principles of known to man. quer the technology. how a robotcan betaughtto Basically, though,itis a concept toThe computer has been around forrecognize whatever is put beforeit, amplify the intellectual brain power at40 years, but it is still a crude machine.such as distinguishing between a cir- the command of the worker of the nextIt cannot understand normal speech orcuit board and a sandwich; and expert generation. It will accomplish this bywriting. systems and robot planning. an order of magnitude equivalent toToday's machines do exactly what theyThe institute was a pioneer of the use the power that James Watt's steamare told - no more, no less. The aimof inductive learning and is a world engine provided for the workers of the isto produce a computer that canleader in the field. This involves literally first Industrial Revolution. acquire knowlegde and use itteaching the computer to learn for intelligently. itself on the basis of its cumulative There is now considerable haste in theacquired knowlegde. At the Turing Steam Engine West to launch programmes to sup-Institute, inductive programming is the The analogy with one of Scotland'sport computer research, and examplesbasis for expert systems, computer greatest contributions to the modernare the European Esprit programmevision, and robitics. world is more than coincidental. Justand Britain'sAlveyproject, and Affiliates also have access to extensive as the steam condenser was the keyvarious schemes in the United States library facilities and to the research that unlocked the power of the steamof America. work of the institute. The institute engine, a programminglanguage organizes regular industrial seminars called Prolog, developed from work onindividualaspectsofartificial Private Funding undertaken at Edinburgh University, is intelligence. Short courses and The Turing Institute, apart from rela- being used asthekernelartificial individualtutorialsareplannedto tively modest financing from the Scot-spread expertise in artificial intelligencelanguageby a large tish Development Agency, has taken number of research groups in different intelligence systems into industry and theentrepreneurialapproachwith commerce on an international level. parts of the world. private funding and Over the past 20 years, against heavy willraisethe odds and with minimal funding, thefinanceneededforitsadvanced research and development work byExpert Knowlegde pioneering group of artificialintelli- offeringitsunique knowlegde,itsDr Tim Niblett, director of industrial gence computer engineers from teaching capabilities, and its researchstudies and the executive responsible Edinburgh has been heldtogether largely through the determination offacilities to individual companies andfor the scheme said: "As an institute institutions one man - Professor Donald Michie. through a systemofwe are focusing our attention on the industrial affiliates. synthesisofexpert knowlegde. By Recently, the team moved to a new Under this subscription system, transferring an expert's knowledge to a office complex inGlasgow. Hereit companies pay for a range of facilitiescomputer,the aims to establish a European centre for potential impact on and can send employees to be tutoredsociety is at least as great as printing in training and development inexpert on artificialintelligence systems forrelation to the book. systems,machineinduction,com- "At the moment it is an extremely diffi- puter vision, and advanced robotics,applications in their own companies. During 1983, the institute planned forcult craft and the stage we are at now which are the core technologies of the eight affiliates, all from Europe. Theyis where computing was 25 years ago. fifth generation computer. include GMD of Bonn, ICL, two ShellAsking what the problems are is really laboratories,SinclairResearch, and like asking what the problems are in Thorn -EMI. The latter recently tookthe study of particle physics. Basically, Code Cracking overINMOS, thesemiconductoritis making a computer understand Withfundingfrom theScottishcompanythathasdevelopedtheordinary concepts with all the corn -

76 lektor electronics october 1985

plexitiesofmeaning,syntax,and implications. "Thefirstgenerationofartificial electronics select intelligence programs involved a com- puter specialist putting all the in the field - many of whom left cost effectiveness to attract the mass Britain knowlegde of an expert into the com- inthe years when artificial user. Then the market will really begin puter by hand. We are now at the sec- intelligence was a poor relationof to take off. At present, the cost of ond generation,where the expertcomputing science. Through its artificial intelligence is high and we are inputshisknowlegde by showingassociation with Strathclyde Univer-still in the early stages of developing examples of expert decisions. Fromsity, the institute will have access tothe programming. It is a new style of these examples theartificialintelli- one of the largest and most advancedprogramming and a new setof gence systemhypothesizesexpertcomputer science departments in the problems. rules, which then becomes accessiblecountry. Thedepartment is also "In Britain the demand for home com- to any authorized person simply byinvolved in Esprit projects. puters has been the highest in the asking the machine questions. Nextyear,theinstitutehopes toworld. Once expert systems can be double the number of affiliates. A pro- "So the expert knowlegde isthen allied to that market there is no know- availableatalltimes,without theposal has been put to the Alvey pro- ing in what direction knowlegde-based expert having to be physically pres-ject directorate to contribute to thesystems will go. training costs of affiliate employees, ent." "In the fairly near future, I would The institute has already been directlyand the institute will begin promoting expect to see people starting to sell involved in the first inductive learningthe scheme seriously in the United knowlegdebaseseitherfor use expert system that can be used onStates. individually or using a centralized com- microcomputers. The Expertease puter you can dial up for expert advice. program is being marketed worldwise The applications are limitless, but cer- by anEdinburgh company,Expert tainly medicine and education are two Software International, which fundedBody Of Expertise areas with enormous potential." Professor Michie's consultancy The Japanese fifth generation project Dr Niblett added: "The growth ofis impressive in its scale and its inte- company to develop the basic programartificel intelligence systems over the commercially. gration. But the Turing Institute will next few years will be limited only byplay its part for Britain and Europe the number of people able to utilize the generally. technology. With the affiliate scheme, From a Scottish point of view, the companies can second one person at a institute, combined with projects such Good Potential time over a year or two for six months as the £3 million Alvey research and Dr Niblett added: "Expertease is aeach, building up a body of expertise development programme at Edinburgh second generation product, with goodwithin the company. University on the speech driven word potential in a number of areas such as"These people will then be able to take diagnosisoffaults,company processor, gives the Scots the oppor- pro- some of the 'shell' artificial intelligencetunity to contribute as much to the cedures and education, but its range isprograms and develop them for par- limited and we are now working on second industrial revolution as they did ticular applications within a company. to the first. very much more sophisticatedThere has been tremendous interest in systems. the affiliate scheme despite the fact 11.PS) "Inductive learning is a way of askingthat we have not really gone out to the computer to induce rules on themarket it yet. The American responseby Maurice Baggott basis of how an expert in a subjectwas particularly encouraging. displays his skills. Many experts do not"I would estimate that within five years know how they make a decision. Theexpert systems will have reached a Expert System Program is designed to stage of development in power and induce the rules by which the expert arrived at a particular decision. "The expert merely puts in statements of fact from his own knowlegde. At its simplest it would go something like this:'Itisraining. I willtake an umbrella. It is cold. I will put on a coat'. The computer therefore induces the rule that rain requires an umbrella and cold a coat, and if it is cold and raining take both. Even at that simple level, the expert has not sat down and worked out how he came to the de- cision. It was common sense, but it is very difficult to teach a computer com- mon sense." Present day programs are totally inflex- ible. Given a task, the computer will attempt to pursue it to its conclusion even if the task is impossible. The fifth generation systems will pursue it by working out the best alternative to achieve the result required in the same way that the human mind works. Initially, the Turing Institute will have a staff of around 15, plus seconded staff from affiliate subscribers. One of the priorities is to attract world specialistsProfessor Donald Michie.

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STEVE'SELECTRONICS AAarsas1,2g:-:.,-7_,:,:::::,:., Judge us oy the company we keep - SUPPLYCOV1PANYLTD. Siemens, Texas, National. Mullard, Leader, ITT, Global Specialities, Piher, Sinclair/Thandar, Greenwood, 35 CastleArcade, CardiffCF1 2BW,Wales. Arrow, Antex, Sifam, Vero,Motorola Tel. 077241905

25 26 Parne, Street, ETESOX EALICTRONICS pleats _.-. Dublin. RANGE CF compoNENTs the world of electronics -E sa, muLiar.r8fEcts Republic of Ireland Tei 749973 4 z, p.,Dt:ctS i.-Ti __% .... FOR COMPUTERS, ELECTRONIC .-, -1^s Toms. AND VIDEO GAMES, COMPONENTS. 15B Lower Green Poulton-le-Fylde BLACKPOOL Tel- 885107 (ATARI SPECIALISTS) LI -) Electronic Component Specialists 102 CHURCHF1ELD ROAD. ACTON. PROGRESSIVE RADIO BON EX LTD. LONDONW3 6DH -0921 9 7748 THE ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS Toko coils--filters ± chokes and inductors --Ills. Aerials/Components/Ham & CB Radio - a fully comprehen- Moulded coils linear TTL CMOS XTAL filters sive range. Helical and ceramic filters RF transistors 93 Dale Street. Liverpool L2 2JD. Radio communication IC's Toko block filters Tel. 051 236 0982 Also at 47 Whitechapel, Liverpool. Tel_ 051 236 5489 Not just a component shop but a whole lot more. Trade Et OEM qtys. available ex stock_ advertisement elektor electronics october 1985 0 0 0 switchboard WANTED: Used or new Sparkrite LOOKING FOR penfriends to swap VARIOUS Disco Sound & Lighting WANTED: Loan or purchase of cir- "Voyager" car computer with sen- various information on electronics, Equipment for sale. Send SAE for cuits or manual for Pericom 6801 sors. Must be working. Quote price computersandothersubjects. details.Mr C.A.Lloyd, 16Hill VDU. Mr L.R. Turner, 1 Thornley and send details to: Steve Reutens, Please write to: Mansour Ahmadi- Street,Stapenhill, Burton -upon - Close, Whickham, Newcastle upon 2 Green Road Three, Georgetown, an. No. 9, Vatan Pour Deadend, Trent, Staffs. DE15 9LD. Tyne NE16 5TG. Penang, Malaysia. Hossainy St.. Damavand Ave.. Teh- ran 16419, Iran. 74LS783 SAM chips.£10 each. FOR SALE: Elektor 8-74, 77-124, 6809E, [4. 2764, 8255, E2.50 each. OLIVETTI 5S." 100K, 40 Track Disc Book 75. All as new. £55 inc. UK All tested - must clear. MC4013, Drive,£60.Tel.Newcastle 1091) postage. Ian Montgomery, tel. 041 DAISY WHEEL Printer(Diablo) 2846294. RS2't2 (;face 30 cps, good con- £1.25 per 10. Add 25p P&P. N.E. 339 8855, ext. 480. Spiers,114 Greenway, Tunbridge dition, spare ribbons Et wheels. £100 Wells. Kent TN2 3JN. Tel_ 0892 o.n.o. Tel. Twyford 340736. WANTED:Serviceinfo. Hard - 44070. 2 DIGIT LED DICE. £4. TBA540Q, Firmware IOTECIONA CPM Com- TBA990Q, £1 each. Uncoded BC107, 25/El. Diodes fallouts puter. Will pay small fee plus copy- FREE: 14 Books, some ZX81 elec- WANTED: Instruction Manual for 250/El. New items, first come etc. ing. Please ring 0924 256100. Douglas No. 7 Coil Winder. Phone tronics, etc. Also ZX81 in DK Tro- S. Harper, 8, Birchtree Road. Thor- P. Cornish after 7 p.m., 01 4607729. nics case, £5, inc. 2 tapes. Basicare pe Hesley, Rotherham. S.Yorks. OSCILLOSCOPE 10 Meg 3" Crt, Persona and 16K RAM, £30. A. Gar- working order, £60. Call A. Gana- bett, tel. Swanley 64761_ 561 2TH. cher, 0268 551562. SYNTHESIZER and guitar effects PCBs for sale. Send SAE for list. S. VONA DISK INTERFACE (BBC Mi- WANTED: Sony HVM-100CE Black MICROPOLIS FloppyController Dulay. 5 Llewellyn Road, Leaming- cro) - used 1 week only! Penulti- ton Spa, CV31 26J. and white Video Camera. Please Card, S-100 bus. 5 inch drive model mate version DDFS 12.0). £80 o.n.o. phone 08893 2392. 1015 DSDD 100 TPI. Unused. Suit Phone 01 534 2662 (evenings). vector graphic. Mr Michaels,tel. SELL AUDIO FILTER, VTVM, Mu- 10786) 73528. sicolour. 16 x 4116 IC valves. HT JUNIOR INTERFACE, cased GIVING UP hobby. Res. diodes, caps, trans, switches and lots more, meters. 230V relays. 2 inch printer. and running - ESS 511- JC REMEMBER to buy eight 64K Dy- Send for list, SAE or 2 IRC. Derek Books 1 to 3. £150. Phone Winsford £45. Phone Hemel Hempstead 0442 namic Memories for only £15. 40L44 H. Rout, 106065) 3017. 60068 after 6 p.m_ please. 4K x 3-137ChampionSt.. 1 Static RAMS 55p. Miniatu- Christchurch, New Zealand_ re reed switches 40p. B.A. Jones. ELEKTOR nos. 77, 101, 106, 118. WANTED: 2 Back Numbers of 13 Albert Street. Cheltenham, Glos. 102, 94, 95. - will swap for nos. 35, Elektor - E95. March 83 Et E98. Ju- FOR SALE: Radio and TV Servi- 36, 39 - 47, 49, 51 - 54. 56. 59- ne 83. Please send me a Pro -forma WANTED: for Trend 800 Printer cing, Vol. 1-5. 7. 1959-60. 1960-61. 62, 69, 75, 78, 79, 84 - 86, or 34 or invoice. Ramin Alasvand, No. 62!44 RS232 Input Panel and/or Data/Cir- 1961.62, 1965-77 inclusive. 21 Volu- earlier. Hamid-Reza Tajzadeh, 4th Square,Bahman-SharghiStreet. cuit. Marlyn Cowell, Huddersfield mes in total. Tel_ Salisbury 331673 floor,no.11,Street no. 3, Naar- Nabowat Square, Narmak, 16496 845801 (daytime). after 6 p.m. mack, Tehran 16479, Iran. Tehran, Iran.

I am a private reader. I have read your rules and I enclose a valid switchboard voucher. Please place the following advertisement, free, in the next available space.

Fra BLOCK CAPITALS PLEASE - ONECHARACTER TO EACH BOX advertising forour reader

Rules: Private advertisers only. No trade. no business. Name and address: Full address or private telephone number: no post office boxes. Items related to electronics only. Software only when related to Elektor computer systems. Maximum length: 114 characters letter, numeral. comma, space, etc. (not includ- ing address and:or telephone number). c."' One advertisement per reader per month. 0:61 To enforce this rule, a switchboard N:k voucher will be printed each month. Glentop Publishers cannot accept , responsibility for any correspondence or Send to: IcrNc5 transaction as a result of a 'switchboard" ad. elektor electronics * Q. nor as a result of any inaccuracy in the text. switchboard, Ads will be placed in the order in which Glentop Publishers Ltd.. All advertisements must include the 6k they are received. Standfast House, voucher printed here. They must e le44 0 We reserve the right to refuse advertise- Bath Place, High St., be post -marked within the ments. without returning them. Barnet, London EN5 lED month indicated. Appoinunents Vacant display advertisemenrs- rsteS a:' 1e on request from Elektor Electronics, Glenmp Publishers limited. Standlast House. Bath Place, High Street. Barnet. Herts. ENS 1ED Appointments Phone 014414130 or 0227 66106. GRADUATE ENGINTIRS RING US NOW /

E COO O 00 471271 E E E

If you are in your 20's and have worked in the electronics industry for one year or more we have job opportunities for you right now. As the largest specialist recruitment consultancy working solely within the electronics industry we possess an in depth knowledge of the current market place. We will help you to climb the next rung of your career ladder whilst ensuring that you are heading in the right direction. Phone us now and have a friendly, informative chat. Ask for Patrick Myers, Adam Watts or Allistair Mitchell on 0273 471271. 4-r- Electronics Recruitment Company UK ERC Hcuse, 32-33 Nom Sleet Leon. East Sussex BN7 2PO Lewes (0273) 471271

Magazines are valuable! Keep yours in good condition in THE ELEKTOR CASSETTE BINDER This cassette style binder will help to keep your copies of Elektor Electronics clean and in order, even though you refer to them time and time again. The chamfered corner of the cassette allows instant recognition of each month's issue without the need to thumb through pages of pre- vious months' issues. Because no wires or fastenings are used copies can be easily removed and replaced and each cassette will hold one year's volume of Elektor Elec- tronics.

PR/CE E3.10 +55p P&P11.1( (El. 10 outside U.K.)

IN PLEASE USE THE ORDER CARD BETWEEN PAGES 10 AND 11.

80 advertisement elektor electronics october 1985

EX-STUR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS HOT LIME DATA SASE 4164 200ns D RAMS B for £14.95 4116300 ns £1.50 2112 £10.00 2114 £2.50 2102£2.00 6116£2.50 A MASSIVE purchase of these attractive stand alone EPROMS 2716 £4.50 2732£3.00 2784£4.95 terminal units enables a SUPER BARGAIN offer. Made by 27128 £5.506800£2506821£1.00 88A09£8.00 the US GENERAL ELECTRIC CORPORATION the GE 61309 £10.008085£5.508088£15.00 8251£7.00 MODEL 30 features a standard OWERTY 80 key 8748 £15.00. The ORIGINAL FREE OF CHARGE dial up data electronic keyboard coupled to a quality built matrix Thousands of IC's EX STOCK send SAE for Ilst. printer with variable 3- to 9.5- forms tractor. The printer is base. Buy, browse or place YOUR OWN AD for capable of continuous duty printing, with up to 120 goods or services to sell. 1000's of stock items, characters per fine Standard RS232 interface accepts RECHAROWLEWITRItat- spares and one off bargains. Updated daily. ASCII data at 110. 150 or 300 baud. Ideal for TerminalS Dry Fit MAINTENANCE FREE by Sonnenschein E Yuasa ON UNE NOW. CCITT, 8 bit word, no parity. Data loggers. local label printing, or just as a printer!! Sold A300 07191315 12v 3a1, as RS 591-770 NEW £13.95 TESTED with data ONLY £95.00. Also available with A30007191312 6v 3ah as RS 591-360 NEW £9.95 For 300 baud modems call 01-679 1888 TWIN MAGTAPE CASSETTE unit for data capture data MOO 07191202 6-0-5v Leah as RS 591-382 Ex Equip For 1200-75 baud modems call 01-679 6183 preparation etc £150.00 Carriage £10.00. £5.99 3.6v 100 mah PCB mount as RS 591.477 NEW £1.00 COOL/N9 FANS: Dtfg(RRIVES Keep your riot pans COOL and RELIABLE wan COLOUR AND MONOCHROME Japanese 11 light rack double sided our range of COOLING FANS cfisk drives by TEAC, TOSHIBA etc. Sold as ETRI 128LF21 240v 5 blade equipment fan NEW with 90 day guarantee ONLY £125.00. Dim. 80 x80 x38rnm £9.95 MONITOR SPECIALS SUGART SA400 SS FH 35 TFIK £55.00 ETRI 88XU01 Dint 92 x 92 x 25mm SI MANS FDD100 SS FH 40 TRK £75.00 240v equipment fan Complete with finger 'SYSTEM ALPHA' 14" COLOUR MULTI INPUT MONITOR carriage on a.- drives £5.50 guard NEW £9.95 made in the UK by the famous REDIFFUSION Co. for their own professional BrandNEV/metal cases with internal PSU etc GOULD JB-3AR Dint 3' x 3- x 2.5- compact computer system this monitor has all the features to suit your immediate and for above drives, below cost!'! 'firleiVg.tarrung 240v operat ion. future monitor requirements. Two video inputs RGB and PAL Composite Vrdeo, DSKC 1 for 2 HH or 1 FH 5Xi" drive E39.95 allow direct connection to the BBC and most other makes of micro computers + Pp£4.50 DSKC 2 fort HH Or 1 FH 51/4" drive BUKER 69.11.22 8-16v DC micro miniature and VCR's. An internal speaker and audio amplifier may be connected to your £29.95 + pp £4.50 reversible fart. Uses a brushless servo motor for systems output or direct to a VCR machine, giving superior sound quality. Many extreinely high air flow, als0 eitent running and other features included PIL tube, Matching BBC case colour. Major controls on 8' Refurbished standard units. guaranteed 10.003 hr Me Measures only 62 a front panel. Separate Contrast and Brightness- even in RGB mode. Two types of SUGART 801 SS £175.00 + pp £8.50 62 a 22mm Current cast £3200. OUR PRICE audio input Separate Colour and audio controls for Composite Video input. e NC SUGART 851 DS £250.00 + pp £8.50 ONLY £12.95 complete with data plug far composite input 15 way 'CT plug for RGB input modular construction murniitggis2a5liOn0 MUFFIN -CENTAUR standard 4- a 4' a 125-- tans110v OR 240v NEW at £10.50 Of tested etc etc complete with PSU etc, £595.00 EX EQUIPMENT 240v £625 or 110v £4 95. This Must be ONE OF THE YEAR'S BEST BUYS 8" DRIVE PSU for 2 drive units £45.00 1000's of other fans Ex Stock_ Supplied BRAND NEW and BOXED. complete with DATA arid 90 day guarantee Hard Disk Drives Call for Degas. Post 8 Packing on all fans £2.00. SUPPUED BELOW ACTUAL COST- ONLY £149.00 DRE/DIABLO Series 30 2.5 Mb front load. DECCA 80 16" COLOUR monitor. RGB input. £525.00. Exchangeable version £295.00 OWERTY KEYBOARDS Little or hardly used manufacturer's surplus enables us to oiler this special ME3029 PSU for above £95.00 Manufacturer's BRAND NEW surplus. converted DECCA RGB Colour Video TV Monitor at a super low price of only DIABLO 44/DRE4000A, B 5+5 Mb from ALPHAMERIC 7204/60 Full travel ASCII. £99.00. a price for a colour monitor as yet unheard oft Our own interface, safety 60 key with parallel output and strobe_ modification and special 16- high definition PIL tube, coupled with the tried and EiRlitaWK 5+5 Mb £795.00 £39.95 tested DECCA 80 series TV chassis gives 80 column definition and picture CDC 9762 80 Mb RM03 etc £2500.00 DEC LA34 Uncoded keyboard with 67 quality found only on monitors costing 3 TIMES OUR PRICE In fact. WE PERTEC 03422 5+5 Mb £495.00 quality gold plated switches on X -Y matrix - GUARANTEE you will be delighted with this product, the quality for the price. RODIME 10MB ST506 Winchester NEW ideal micro conversions etc. £24.95 has to be seen to be believed Supplied complete and ready to plug direct to a E299.00 AMKEY MPNK-114 Superb word processor BBC MICRO computer or any other system with a TTL RGB output Other BASF 6172 23Mb Winchesters, as seen chassis keyboard on single PCB with 116 features are internal speaker, Modular construction, auto degaussing circuit. £199.00 keys. Many features such as On board Attractive TEAK CASE, compact dimensions only 52cm W x 34 H x 24 D. 90 day Carriage on other drives £10.00. Micro. Single 5vrail.full ASCII coded guarantee. Although used units are supplied in EXCELLENT condition ONLY Unless stated all drives are refurbished with charactersetwith31 functionkeys. £99.00 + Carr. 90 day. guarantee Many other drives and Numeric keypad, cursor pad and 9600 baud DECCA 80, 16" COLOUR monitor. Compositve video input Same as above spares in stock- call sales office for details. SERIAL TTL ASCII OUTPUT!! ONLY model but fitted with Composite Video input and audio amp for COMPUTER. £69.00 with data VCR or AUDIO VISUAL use ONLY £99.00 + Carr. REDIFFUSION MARK 3, 20" Colour monitor. Fitted with. standard 75 ohm composite video input and sound amp. This large screen colour display is ideal MODEMS Nia IMMO Join the corrununicatiors revolution with our IMI11111/lelnalllamg...... 51M WREN for shops. schools, clubs and other AUDIO VISUAL applications. Supplied in AS super range of DATA MODEMS. prices and stammmasummimis can.sea a NEW or little used conditionONLY £145.00 + Carr. specifications to suit as applications and arimus..M1MIZEMMIMII. 131110 MOE budgets... BUDGET RANGE EX EQUIPMENT MONOCHROME video BRAND NEW State of the art products. monitors. DACOM DSL2123 Multi standard 300-300. Carriage on all Keyboards £3.50 Fill units are fully cased and set for 240v standard working with composite video 1200-75 Auto answer etc £268.00 inputs. Units are pre tested and set up for 80 column use on BBC micro etc Even DACOM DSL2123ADAutodialsmart when MINOR screen burns exist- normal data displays are unaffected modem with multi standard AUTO SPEED 12" KGM 320.1 B/W high bandwidth input will display up to 132 x 25 lines detect. and data buffer with flow control PLESSEY VUTEL etc £365.00 Manufactured by fl?.8REEN SCREEN version of KGM 320-1 Only £39.95 DACOM DSL2123GT The CREAM at the PLESSEY Ltd this W' KG M 324 GREEN SCREEN fully cased very compact unit Only £55.00 intelhgent mOderna auto dial. auto call. index. compact unit only 9- HITACHI VM-906E/K Black and White screen £49.95 buffer etc etc £498.00 \ slightly larger than a STEEBECK S81212 V22 1200 baud FULL telephone. features art Carriage and insurance on all monitors £10.00 DUPLEX sync or asyric... optional auto dial. all in one TELEPHONE. £485.00 24 x 40 character CRT TRANSDATA 307A Acoustic coutger 300 screen, VIEWDATA - D. C. POWER SUPPLY CIALS baud full duplex originate only, PRESTEL modem. GOULD OF443 enclosed. compact switch mode supoty with regulated outPutS RS232 £49.00 Keypad and electronics to run as a fully -1-5v 5,5a. +12v 8 0_5a. -12v al a and -23v 8 002a Dim 18 ti a6 crn. 110 or ...... fledged PRESTEL terminalor telephone 240v input BRAND NEW only £14.95 Ex BRITISH TELECOM fullspec. CCITT. Ready to plug direct into a Ea 600 type pick GOULD G8 -40A 5v 40 amp switch mode supply NEW £130-00 ruggedised bargain otters. Sold TESTED with socketandinstantly connectyou to GREENDALE 19A -80E Switch mode 60 watt open PCB with a fully regulated DC data Will work on any MICRO or system with PRESTEL etc. Many other features include output of 5v et 6 amps, and three semi regulated outputs or +12V. -12V +15V 8 upto 1 RS232 interface. Memory dialling Recall button, Off line screen amp Dim only 11 cm a 20 an a 5 5 cm. Simaar to RS 591-994. 110 or 240v AC input DATEL 2B 300 Baud Modem see SPECIAL datastorage.PictureexpandStandard TESTED ex equipment Only £24.95 OFFER. Mullard LUCY chip set integral 5- JVC crt AC -DC Lineal PSU for DISK drive and SYSTEM applications. Constructed on a rugged MODEM 13A 300 baud unit only r high fits monitor. etc etc Designed to sell to the ALLOY chassis to continuously supply fully regulated DC outputs of +5V 3 3 amps. -5V under phone CALL mode only £4500 EXECUTIVE atrr.erE6001 Butfrom 06 amps and +24v5 amps short circuit and arervoltage protected 110 or 240 V MODEM 20-1. 75-1200 baud. Compact unit DISPLAY, BRAND NEW AND BOXED at AC input. Dim 28 x 12.5 a 7 Cm NEW £49.95. for use as subscriber end to PRESTEL only £99.00 for DTMF tone dal or £140.00 Carriage on Pars £300 TELECOM GOLD. MICRONET etc £'39.98 for standard DIAL PULSE version. + pp £6.50 Cart MOO_ MODEM20-21200.75 taint Same as201 but for computer end, £65.00 + pp £6.50 D ATEL 2412 Made by SE labs for 8T this two SPECIAL 300 SAUD MODEM OFFER VDU TERMINALS Part unit is for synchronlous data hnks at 1200 Another GIGANTIC purchase of these EX BRITISH TELECO. DStandard VDU data entry terminals at vie away or 2400 baud using 2780/3780 NEW or little used 28 data modems allows US to make the FINAL Prices'l protocol etc Many features Include 2 or 4 v,re OUME OVT108. Current product state of the art working. sett test, auto ans.ver etc. REDUCTION. and for YOU to join the exciting world of data terminal with detachable keyboard, 12- green r COST OVER£600Our price ONLY £199 communications at an UNHEARD OF PRICE OF ONLY £29.95 Made to screen. 2 page RAM TVI 925 emulation 25 x130. + pp E800 the highest POST OFFICE APPROVED spec at a cost of hundreds of Clock. Swivel and till base, Printer wt Function DATEL 4800 RACAL MPS4800 baud keys etc BRAND NEW and BOXED AT ALMOST modem. EX 8T good working order. ONLY pounds each. the 2B has all the standard requirements for data base. HALF PRICE Only £425.00 £295.00 + pp £500 business or hobby communications. All this and more!' A4510 - EX RENTAL 280 controlled. 15 - SUMMER OFFER 300 baud full duplex 4404, CALL ANSWER and AUTO modes green screen 24 x 80 display. graphics, cursor MODEM TG2393. Ex BT, Up to1200 baud, furl Full remote control Standard RS232 serial mtenace addressing. printer port etc Very good condition duplex over4 wire or had duplex over2 wire tine CCITT tone standards Built in test TESTED complete with manual only £225.00. ONLY £85.00 PER PAIR + pp £10.00 &.switchingNOW OHLY* ADDS 520- Dumb terminal, used.12- tYw screen Supplied with full data L29.113 240v Mains operation RS232 interface and printer port TESTED.

For more information Modular construction AL *N.:. 1 year fun guarantee ONLY £125.00

CONTACT OUR SALES OFFICE Direct isolated connection Just 2 wires to comma line Carriage on terminals £10.03 tars of other terminals in stock. BT 600 Jack plug and cable £2.25Carriage and Ins £10.00 CALL for mete details maya All prices quoted are for U.K_ Mainland, paid cash with order in Pounds Sterling PLUS VAT. Minimum order value Minimum Credit Ca rd orderE10.00. Minimum BONA FIDE account orders from Government Depts,Schoots.Unrversthes and established cornpaniesE20.00 Where post and packing not indicated please ADD £1.00 + VAT. Warehouse open Mon -Fri 9.30-5.30. Sat 10.30-5.30. We reserve the right to change prices and specifications without notice Trade. Bulk and Export r r ri 32 Biggin Way, Upper Norwood, London SE19 3XF LLLLI I\ Li 111_ _I-Telephone 01-679 4414 Telex 894502 Data 01-679 1888 .

83 More This Month More Choice In at Maplin Is it a turtle? Multimeters Colour -coded IDC cables 16 -way (XR80B) ONLY 32p per metre. 20 -way (XR81C) ONLY 40p per metre. Is it a robot ? 26 -way (XR82D) ONLY 54p per metre_ 34 -way (XR83E) ONLY 70p per metre. 40-woy (XR84F) ONLY 82p per metre. Is it a buggy ? 50 -way (XR85G1 ONLY 99p per metre. 4 -way flat flexible telephone lead (XR86T) ONLY 18p per metre. Yes ! it's Zero 2. Stepper motor 48 steps/rev, 12V 0.13A per phase, 4 -phase unipolor, 57g, working torque 8mNm max. ONLY £9.95 (FT73Q). Driver chip for motor: SAA1027 ONLY £3.75 (QY76H). *SAVE* 1 Kit containing everything you need: motor, SAA1027, data sheet and passives ONLY £13.35 (1.K76H) .Sounds Terrific A new range of very high quality multimeters offering truly amazing quality at the price. Pocket Multimeter, 16 ranges, 2,0000/v DC/AC £6.95 (Y.I06G) M-102BZ with continuity buzzer, battery tester and 10A DC range, 23 ranges, 20,00011./V DC £14.95 (Y.107H) M -2020S with transistor, diode and LED tester and 10A DC range, 27 ranges, 20,000fIN DC £19.95 (YJO8J) M -5050E Electronic Multimeter with very high impedonce FET input, 53 ranges, including peak -to -peak AC, centre -zero and 12A AC/DC ranges M4.95 (YJO9K1 M-5010 Digital Multimeter with 31 ranges including 200 and 20I.EA DC/AC FSD ranges,

Professional Quality continuity buzzer, diode test, and gold-plated High Power Loudspeakers pcb for long-term reliability and consistent high featuring: accuracy (0.25% +1 digit DCV) £42.50 (Y.1100 * Virtually indestructible high -temperature voice -coil reinforced with glass -fibre. * 100% heat overload tolerance. * Advanced technology magnet system. * Rigid cast alloy chassis_

* linen or Plastiflex elostomer surrounds. . * 5 -year guarantee (in addition to statutory rights). Prices from £18.95. for our free leaflet XH62S. Top Ten Kits I May be used by any computer with RS232 facility. II Stepper Motor controlled. IN Half millimetre/half degree resolution. Top Ten Books

Uses ordinary felt-tip pens. 1.it; 1.0.4Speaker EncSos.re I Built-in 2 -tone horn, line -follower. LED indicators. De.ign crA Cortiaa WM820CDS 2. 141 Wavering Bectroriu WM100£4.70 XVINN £7._75 THIS/LAST The Zero 2 Robot is the first truly micro robotic system available 3-13) Pancee Centel Projects MONTH DESCRIPTION CODE PRICE BOOK 4.19i Haw so Bold Yam' 0.41 and remarkably it costs less than £80. Complete kit (only 5oW Sicee Oscimeee Xi 07H 17210 1.!I' Lne-Wee Desecxr LK631 ass 14K4140E&MM mechanical construction required) £79.95 (11(66W). 5. 151 * t.lternatakal Transsfir (2; * 75W Mce...et. Arno LW51 F £15.95 est Full details of power supply and simple interfacing for BBC, freirmients 96cle 14U3C1-1£3.3 * Ca Burgh,' Aktre LW78K 0.49 4 NNE 8 yjo3i Commodore 64 and Spectrum, in Maplin Maaozine 15 6.l8) Hoe to Design and Make 4. 17i Logc Probe LK I3P £1095 Your Glif. PCBs ril.K.63T aos 5.;5; Wscric Intnyds Nctr LW -83E £10.95 4 KANE Price 75p (XA1512). 7. 121 Power Supch ProieM AVM0_10 6. ParMle I.W738 £1095 Begot MM a- H Rada Cantat for Begirre-s XWE6W£1.95 7.(6: 8W ArnolVer I.W3EP £4.95 Cart. 9. H Haw soLlse0o-crros WA29G£245 a Ncise Go* 11(4319 £9_95 Best E8/AM 10. ElectrorkSydhesiserPraiwts XW68Y £195 9.19; Ccr000drum 1.1:52G £9.95 12 YA17N 10. H 0Xer's Au& ProcessarLK05F £9.85 7 XAOTri The Maplin Service All in -stock goods despatched some day for all miroLun orders received before 2.00 pm. All our prices indude VAT and carriage (first MAPLIN ELECTRONIC SUPPLIES LTD class up to 750g). Mail-order: P.O. Box 3, Rayleigh, Essex SS6 8LR. A 50p handling charge must be added if your Telephone: Southend (0702) 552911 total order is less than £5.00 on mail-order SHOPS (except catalogue). Over 100 other kits also available. All kits BIRMINGHAM Lynton Square, Perry Barr, Tel: 021-356-7292. supplied with instructions. The descriptions LONDON 159-161 King Street, Hammersmith, W6. Access YEA above are necessarily short. Please ensure you Telephone: 01-748 0926. AdtW know exactly what the kit is and what it MANCHESTER 8 Oxford Road, Tel: 061-2360281. comprises before ordering, by checking the SOUTHAMPTON 46-48 Bevois Valley Road. Tel: 0703-225831 ET Phone before 2.00 p.m. far same day despatch. appropriate Project Book mentioned in the list SOUTHEND 282-284 London Rd, Westcliff -on-Sea, Essex. All offers subject to availability. above. Telephone: 0702-554000. Shops dosed all day Monday. Prices firm until 9th November 1985. 111.5 Lurf_IUN i Cs CPU s RAMS CRYSTALS I.:TEE:FACES ICS 74 SERIES 74..n3 123741E73 1 33 4730 0.45 A07531 1200 141710 063116 see 048 69E6 803311615 4 CO 32 793 13,31.00 4335612 23.00 7413 0.30 74490 1.107415351 4.50 453.4 3 83 61000 11.93 151711 1.03 064.270 3.50 743M 120 7415310 68ECEE 1203 2101 40) 1 CO Miir 270 ocasst 15 Oa 7431 033 060636 250 41479100C ELOO 1%1723 0.00 704220 393 63333 ADC BM 11.93 73470 1.407415393 1.00 MOE 353 21M 250 13132 Met 2.25 74)2 030 1575 0.75 203 1147/501 3.00 T CASS) 1.75 8335 3. 21073 203 MHz 225 44125610 7403 74153954 1 03 as 497.s.ma 04733 T041010 503 350 0-3) 74LS SERIES x41 0.75 1.03 0 ES 215 Fre,. 6 2111,5M 400 235.'60 MHz 157 4.305144113513 7431 0.1033 744. 1.40 090 4/ 313310 4E 111741 19412.4 4.50 0.22 4 2200 21153 203 4462515253003 SO 7935 0 2:15723 0 247.65445 1 83 -3543 070 413 3310 493 541747 0.70 TE141E4 1.10 250 74L50: 024 4.00 2 5 33113 250 445251531 LEI 7476 0.40 744.3445 120 4E19.4 1.00 4Y18917. 5,03 14174,3 0.33 10411765310 ECIMA 420 3..,317' sT/ 74507 0247456467 1.83 CA33134 5T78 15 2.652 LOU 250 120 0.6 4 2.40 TOO 3%71011 4.93 1044.X12 325 12654 3.004115-23 3 /2 MR: 1.75 45.1:91006 M DO 7303 7415E 0247415.'6 1.00 4.323314 1.10 150 0_30 0.36 1%11014 150 10A23M 193 52207 7.50 412563' 600 3276 611+,1 5) 07012 6-00 7439 0.33 731E3 024 7413511 1 CO E3 050 CA3336 0.70 1411831 3_00 1 240 743.505 0 24 :1,7 64.3.29 E036 22_00 416415 7111 3.03 3 5735 MHz 1.7.0 DACE CBT 5 7410 0.31 74156131 /03 2-W 320 L411933 2 50 TOAME 320 &Ea 17.50 41E445 4.07 Mitt 1.40 78 CO 7411 7415:33 024 200 0.30 7416610 19.03 E1 1.40 C 43-01 350 11111671 3.00 7042020 3/0 8741 4 193.6536. 1356131 7412 741509 1200 4E4 20 203 1.53 0.30 024 74L554.2 19 03 3.E6 140c,:xe-o. 0.70 LAL1672 300 1/42030 250 575.5 7413 74.L573 024 453615 4 43 74,33 100 008324 350 0.50 7415624 35035E 240CA305 0 60 1.101845 600 TDA3310 750 71459930 1430 4532 29 053691 3.50 7414 74L511 024 225 CA.3769:1 250 253 4 ME MHz 250 0.70 74i.5625 49E 1.70 51.1E 450 TDAMLY) 350 1200 55)140.1 058330 1.40 7416 026 74.1.512 024 9.72 2 00 33152W4420) 74454.3 225 046CA30340 375 1112917 3.03 114104 7.00 23) 250 5101 5033 74.143 1.50 088531 1.50 7417 71_ 3 034 125 '-31 4 CO 0.40 74L9729 -15n 050CA3136 050 1143372 09) TLE1CP 0.40 2934. 290 6511 611, 5 CE 1.75 0S8M2 150 7420 033 L 0 7455413 4584 C431301 133 1-7A3E0 400 200 0.48 0.93 11052 0.60 2205 5_50 5516 500 fi 00 MEV 1.40 essan 2.5 7,121 5 02.543 741.3643 1 3.00 4555 0.60 64.31415 0.E 1..M39E, 1_03 71.051 090 ECM 74.4 2) 0.24 6431401 7506116P3 3.50 6.744 61144 1 40 (158936 1 50 036 74.....6641 150 4724 1.50 103 1.553911 1.93 11071 0.40 7E03 7_50 1.50 2_E 7423 030 024 1=11 64.3145 4116/91 400 7 0) MR: 1355898 7415642 250 750 26 1.143914 150 TU772 0.70 iC3105-230, 62559 15 5.0) 166 MHz 115 140 1M 260 72E, 0.40 0247445642 1 3.150 14412 790 CA3150E 150 14,33915 3,40 71.074 1.10 77150 CO MN, 1.50 37614133 0:60 7426 050 7415643 14416 3-00 C-431611 2.00 LM3916 1108T 1 60 250 340 035 745125 1.80 8 867 7414.7 1.75 1.103446 250 7427 0120.40 0247415441.1 303 14419 2-60 CA31621 800 16113310 1.50 TLE2 0.55 74.E 024 145231 3 50 10.00 Wit 1 75 3103760 459 0.43 7415E44 3.50 1639) 4206.43185 270 6E15131 233 71983 0.75 VC3.170 4 76 7430 0 24 6132411 190 34515164. 225 10 50 MN: 250 0.33 741E45 2-03 14ra 450 450 11083 1.00 r_416 _?7(5011: 150 14C35. 8.50 702 0.24 7415545 1 4.00 1 .450) CA 4,-4.- 3_00 4133712 71093 0311235 6 00 ox 6.50 200 200 41 7 53 3.00 67234E6 225 7433 024Tlissifo 093 1 45519 07002 6.00 7461310 2.00 1.50 11170 .0.50 3352 00 1 50 7423457 21. 7437 030 024 74156E0 0.93 22100 3.00 O 4614088 310 7.721413 0.75 04510319 9E 2451 12.03 7364321 7433 024 1701458 75 550 0.40 7415670 1.70 22101 7.00 eacoox 300 0 45 UA,759 120 800 60 7.524044 5.50 7439 0.40 024 741.544W 293 72102 710 0400503 3005161-S1. 390 04443 120 2255 450 ROMS PROMS i<214.4)1 7440 024 250 920 0.40 74L.552.1 393 40314 028OGXe 303 ?Act 196 0 70 1.144170 1.70 103 2 33 54214472 7.50 7447 050 30)E 54.1366 1.93 6363343 003 765507 350 120 200 LICSECITA 400 3.50 ELM, 400 CO 01.7:...V.03 0.75 74424 001 167.7105 6.75 0.70 74OM 6 03 43357 0_36 61C3401 070 113103334 0.75 550 24570 2 51 SO 75.107 74434. - 0.93746923 4:093 1447611 090 1.00 650 0.40 595 4461103 0.65 1011420034 ox sem 4.80 18-,n-31 2_00 'N MICR 050 7444 1.10 024 74 167.750 4110 %1510611 650 30100 1.50 4_10 ei.taxe290 631A 6.00 1854400 200 18 50 75109 1.20 7445 110 024 6.50 40101 1.25 17.1.7603 2.5069.5440 1117a3:12 74V6 9_00 190 a21 1.50 7E153 1.90 19.954 . 150 75110 090 74464 110 024 40102103 1611059 410PARED% 1.83 150 11 CO 1142333 66421 250 745282 225 20.003 4te-31.75 75.512 1 60 74474 1.03 34 0.30 40 201 1C3172153 2200 MLEO 5.01 UL704 1.90 7448 6415 12.50 MEE 1.00 24 OCO MR: 1.50 75113 1 20 5.00 _2744 0.35 40104 120 1.0.47217 7.50MOE 410 u41.../5 275 65A0 7E0 0.45 3.75 745337 225 43 03 6153 1.75 75114 140 0.36 4C00 40106 1.50 i63.7752 0.90 M133132214300 uDCZECI 200 6.00 1 53 114 /.453. 250 75115 1-40 7451 0.35 C1 -X 40106 ICW/556 1 40 4001 024 048 734531 120 10611591 3.03 100E0523 1_50 F',01330 12 CO 75121 140 7E3 0.38 33 0.424032 025 40107 055 714555 022 U061196.45.03 7354 33 070 250325129 1 75 75122 1.40 0_33 4005 0/0 40108 120 167139 3.00 4646 0.170 59210 4 0)527 2_50 DISC 7460 ofs 1C7133 75150P 123 055 4007 0.25 401E 123 303NE64 400 5112)!E 4.03 230 6.50 EE PROM CONTROLLERS 75154 1 20 7470 35 035 0_50 4302 0.60 40110 2_25 167431 3.50 NE565 123 X927707 375 ROO 75169 220 7472 :-.?) 048 LC7137 350 281636 -445 046 4CO3 0.46 30114 225 NEE, 150 962211 5.75 6875 5.00 SE '51 5 00 7473 0.46 090 43147 14347 120 5922-1.5 2x8 310) 7654 1000 4010 0.60 280 hE67 126 6.75 8154 850 7515193 350 7474 050 035 4011 024 431 1.00 1E351 0-6014570 400 /IRMA) 120 5155 93:6 E6 fats 4.272 1290 7475 33 054 380116.161 75162 420 0110 4312 40 17363 110 1723 0901:371 100 274413 103 3.93 4.00 F01771 20 03 75172 7475 -68 075 14353 0-90 300 0.46 4013 016 A.1174 100 1.4592 090 174414 0.93 Folni 20.00 757E1 090 74E0 0.65 -4596 090 1.10 1,75 E EP FI 01.15 4014 060431E 1.130 LOW: 4392? 150 76415o 2.20 FD1793 20 00 751E 0 7431 110 ilLsior 0.40 40192 LEST 1 CO 72.00 4315 0.70 1.00 NESMP 1.91 444.235 1.30 1.63 01797 7SIE 0 660 74534 1.06 7415100 040 4316 035 40193 1.00 16110604 450NE5534P 120 214474E 1.30 2516 51.' 3.50 ED7793 2703 125 7:L5112 045 1,13014 P. 0.4. 251635 550 753E, 150 74544 4317 055 30194 1..00 033145031AP150 2741259 3.50 8226 425 4302797 77.00 7E51 050 1.10 7415113 0.454318 4E44 1.14337 03509-0749 350 27412518 3 0) 2S32 4_50 0001531 000 150 822S 550 12.IS 0300 75.362 050 7485 0.42 7415114 045 43245 1.1.33064 0.75 274427,3-13 E32.33 5 SO W02143 4019 62W 1.50 11,11.024 5.00 6.00 -T3 2 60 7489 731.514 070 1.3.1310 8.00 ESE 070 2_6 4E0 01043E7 1.93 2.255 RC4136 056 V1-3234 4.50 523 9.50 7404 7415123 090 1)4311 0 W ZPC8 403 CHARACTER 75454 0-70 055 4021 0.60 40373 1141 RC4151 2.07 274-3-3....1 225 L751:. 325 75493 7491 070 74_5124 1 40 1.74319 1.50 .7716- 55 35,3 GENERATORS 1E 4022 0.70 4)374 180 RC4155 153 1714.471 9.03 9:92- 5 3.50 75491 0.5 7444 0.70 71.0125 050 4023 031EOM 015 11619 1.80 FICEE 2644E5 3.03 2716 35 550 30-3-M13 0.50 jC 5 3202732 75E2 0.35 7E14 055 1.0.1E 4324 0.48 EC137 675 unz 0.6 220 2.7467 7.93 18.00 4.53 00750 8725 120 7431 1.10 .5132 0E6 4.725 0.24 91753E 0.75 oantz 1.15 553240 9.00 1/1449CP 3.00 2744.2 9.00 502-2513 73E4 050 4.00 2732A 20 am 1 20 000 -5133 01736 0.93 06322 1.3354441970 15 CO 1141034.1 203 6.03 167.03 8TE 123 7496 0 10 . 51E s. 1669 274A -M 5 03 045 4327 0.40 Full range 1 W S4(5364 8.03 1/610.10 553 2,1% REAL TIME 8755 7437 2_10 1.5,33 034 151339 0.40 2764 E. 1E0 123 4528 13.10 of 74S Er SLOW 3 CO 21141342 nee 4.93 CLOCK 8797 120 74103 150 - E 055 A229 0_75 4.613.* 0.60 swoon:* 710.23AS 9.50 27E4-25 10 03 74107 053 1_5145 0 55 LAGACH 350 40027128m 350 616.93193 4.00 8138 123 A032 025 74 HC S1478383 4.3_0000 4.53 7.34453171471 9.90 811555 1 Al 74103 075 1. 5137 1754031 125 1.71:689 090 57176455 400 400271mx 750 73110 0.76 1_5745 140 1.10177 27256 25 31.07 I. 8'308327353.50 811596 1.40 4032 101 series in 3.00 557E9) 120 3.90 74111 065 ,,51 045 L3135644.8 150 27E533 2000 stessf 1 e 4333 125 spowx-sis 7.50 950 134131364.7E 512.596 123 74116 1.70 1_5152 200 4.234 2.50 stock. LA439C5 150 747120 120 183261 6.50 17.1.57716 510 GE7:ERATOR 74118 514 25514. 8815120 3 CO 1 10 0454E5 0.70 1.413814/3 1.4. 74130 1.40 1051 1600 14411 7.50 74119 1.70 .5754 160 Ask for 1.36387 4 50 9802 300 3405 250 203 TA7204 150 ate 1533 14.00 00519116 6-W I 51 7413:1 1.00 5,55 0 46 L hasa 1..o3 ..."2,7-27,1r, CRT 9536A 4337 1.10 147255 093 M3-1 5 03 47028 793 74121 0.56 1_5156 0 E full 04394 220 1203 T 9437AP 4E8 1.03 14.152 1.50 5352 5 00 9E38 7412 ESM.:. 6.50 070 5157 0504033 250 06E561 1.03 741370 1.50 1,1 1800 74173 0 93 3_5158 OE 24 0,6 01387 e028 800 ENCODER 4330 060 /70 184231 1-20 -913. 14 CO CRWM7 14.91 74125 053 . 5E4 075 3041 055 26 7.03 1166 1 BO T94900 093 EEO) 25) CRTE45 900 74126 0 55 1_5141A 075 Al 01 6.00 113391 3 CO 250 AY -5476 11.5) Agsti 4:42 050 180 164320 090Me 2_75 4464 8.00 7412E 0 5 151336/7 1.10 sax 2 1200 455 3E3 7_50 4033 0.60 fea&-ci TC 250EFME 25 03 75:-.23 SAA 74132 0.75 _4753.4 0.75 4045 16333 085 sae 6.93 5 5.00 0.60 Teams)0.5 -Z-..434606 275 54,33E6 25.00 7.1633 6.00 554.5:::-: 7 CC 74136 0.70 0.75 4045 1.00 51133464 COO 184375 zco 93095 10.00 4346 260491 6506E357 36.01 84.14341 1603 74141 0.93 _21054 130 0.81 15170 035 a -d.,. 10.00 M6E335 650 UHF 8.3A9:6) 74142 2331.0437 7.00 9 03 2_50 S1564 1.504017 0 93 7.00 7.1,4344506.50 1100111 R 74143 2.7,3 VOLTAGE PI GULATORS 21830/414 4163 130435. *ATTENTION' 10.2",0.37 6.50 U RI 74144 17. FIXED VOLTAIRE PLASTIC 30220 MAMMA 7.50 1431.3 3.75 273 STE 1.00 4339 0.36 SFF33,-16.3. 8.M 74145 113 4_51n 140 ALL PRICES ARE 2104510 7-00 8 Wit 4.53 AY 3 ' 300 4X0 035 -VE M3910 5 03 T7,75M18 15 CG AT t' 74147 1.70 51714 1.03 1051 -7x50.15 SOUND 0.65 5V -7a:s 050 SUBJECT TO CHANGE 27-2 CTC 500 V15107: 74148 140 4.5174 075 4062 0.93 55 75:50.50 EX, 0_50 2909044T 900 351%CC1 74137 1.75 15175 075*53 010 78E 0_53 79:5 051 WITHOUT NOTICE 13 P042 1200 731514. 0/0 4.5151 200 4354 003 76120.45 7912 0.53 SCRS LOW moot r OIL 9304415137 TE iLAS EIRE VMPLIP S063.5415 50 15345 74153 0% 1_51M 190 4055 7915 0_50 7915 050 74154 5193 140 075 4:3E 083 7312050 ,10. 050 7071 8 pe, 103, sop 74 pan 754 74155 000 -1_5/91 075 4359 4.00 7030 53 -9:4 050 100 0,lip200, 144" 129 23 on 600 780,,1E4 74158 003 1.51E : 500 093;OM 0.70 IA FIXED iroufwpg. PLASTIC 2002 11P 22 0,22p 4027 309 16 a^ 439 22 oo 554 404.41304 74157 0.93 4_5193 083 4163 016 72133 - 2009 1.75 '1:51944. 075 4766 0.43 Turned Pon '116-) 5 V 75506 0-30 199 8 931 20p 16 037, 300 40p 2s er 1.10 74151963 075 4C67 230 6 V 78306 0.30 Tossi ProWe 650 14 90 290 16 07 3571 43 pr. -1'51 003 7415195 080 4363 015 5 V 79106 033 36o Sockets 550 930 1.10 7415197 090667 024 369 TRAR.SISTORS 1.53 1' .' 1, 036 1.10 7115221 0 93452 025 1300 107'8 ISp 189 51 TiPMC 1509 -4.54 120 OTHER 3%54U 1409 7415240 090 47..M 024 801098 153, C5528 10 3F152 30p 119410 502 1499 -4.76 1.10 7315241 0 93 4373 024 REGULATORS REGULATORS 21:5060 4409 8CIDEFC 209 cssec 240 BETS) 909 11P424 609 1.40 763242 0 90671 024 1 43 250 8C141 3,19 CY71 350 73.501 27Sp DIME. 450 7- 4.00 741-233 0 90 4572 0.24 14347: 350 iGE24 393 40p 33p 41.32336 90p 11647 9050p9 ac --72 2.03 7415244 7340556 11433 080 4073 0.24 10) 86177E1C161 30p 0131 759 MM031 2755, 11654 1 544 420 '415245 1.10 4375 024 5 A 5 V 5_75 71497 3.00 53 8E16179 339 DIM 40p 5114955 1539 71953 1939 434 1.40 -43247 1_10 676 01G 73112 640 75530 2-93 1 A 153 act 159 0135 409 125p 119 -1-74 SUE365 Tirvs 709 1.10 1 11,743 1.10 4077 015 703'0, 3 CO FC4134 123 86134 _ 20p 13136 4139 PAPF102 40p 019245 909 7,5 100 E245 1.10 43-6 025 ,k,y4n1A3mE R G ATORS 5=12 :Sp DI33 409 MEM 4 40p 119156 733 s. TEO 0.75681 024 H 200 Ll.r72N 61.11.7 66213.1 1E9 132418 759 74.991% 40p 2.,7160 3507 7Cc 4-76 050 733 150 1_5M3 076 4382 025 1.43177 150 72346.kt 653 86214'1 10p 132423 MPSA12 533 0..E194 33.3 -4173 1_53 31 5255 090 44035C6 1.343174 2.40 75.151110 225 6443:. 309 8C327 1 0244B 40p759 7111236 40,3 23E22A 30o 74137 103 =52574970 0.75 1730377 225 721641 6.75 EA 63:. 909 1:338 169 42568 503, time 40/3 309 74181 3.40 3/U. 5.1594 0.70 oes 1.20 516537 4.01 256176 250 e< 4:5 . 759 81477 3E9 6257 8 4033 TIP316 45o msso 9:9 74162 140 Xp 1_4259 120 4233 0.35 1.553364 1300 7650120 1.40 9.6:0. 959 13134751617 4572 5253 409 'OPEC 453 339 XCO 74184 1 93 0.75 1_5283 4031 0.90 OP TO iSOLATOR_S 12.6:0 1260 9325175 233 FM7 353 11933C 933 mesa 36o 74164 1 93 . 5261 120 I 69 325 41E6 I64.600. 130p 135PM 51 TrPM: 1434, 600 1,33; 74490 1.3) 52d5 060 4096 090 111112 0.79 74191 1.33 4197 2.70 P_07 220 711113 0.79 T 2,:53 1309 IX CONNECTORS IXDOES 74192 1.13 .5279 0/0 4338 0.75 MC7264 1.03 01116 073 .9. SOP l 23 y..t.83, 74193 1.15 sza, 1.90 4093 0.90 54C-524.13 1.90 424137 3.9 Herd, 60123 12p 34200 454.351 4 Sp 74158 1.13 .5:33 0.90601 0,35 11.401306 150 94139 1.75 DISCRETE 0447 10904207 141 ,743006'77p 74136 111111 97.4 peo 1450 000 0.2900 457/ 055 070 DISPLAYS 0759 map 220o 2350 0490 Ilp ,3.914 4p1/154010 170 74195 1 30 LEOS Pe,* 0331 9 603 0.36 DISPLAYS 9p 1734148 411 045403'4 119 74197 1.10 4574 095 ,Prse 854 125oisopmopioopmop 0695 9n .94001.7 09 741% 223 55D RED TILES 0.12 59_--15970 1.40.40 5505 3.993. 1-00 1.1.41s66174 2_03 Edge 74199 2_29 900 -1X15 00 47605.10 717.133 1.00 L1555951 5 70 ORM% 0pes 74221 1 10 011211 1204Issouft no0 340pmift 1.00 4527 4E0 035R:13.507 7117291.00 111311 6.53 015 14503 19p 24.4007 459 7431 1.00 58410w 6A1L0V 100p 233 102.1424 014.4 1.00 111779 1.03 EuROCON3tECTORS 141003 2op 34700,1 7479 153 1.232471 07.707 1.00 711.73) 151212 020 60c, 64406 120o 231 330 4510 055 1_03 Pl.P7 SEN., , um.; 309 6A 100V Ey 4.41003 ISO. 7426 090 173 300 4511 055 6114735533 1.75 613.3E13 Reef LEDs 1 50 0154 41612 2 3281', 24505 309 3A4COV 10014 10.6100V 1K9 74273 2.07 154 220 4512 0551413,314-'31 200 1950111 0.30 3009E09 r, A553 pp 74276 1.40 338 203 4513 1.50 630 I3, 2 Enay 3509400o TPA 400V 2007 172 OISPLAY DRIVERS 4.3.54.1 74278 _5E2 1.20 4514 1.10 Cola, 1.00 3 22 43s 400p - 64114 0 CONNECTORS 74279 090 5363 120 4515 1.10 9359 450 Liumot ORO 10 LED 1,43 237 vas %-srey 3boo 3 7420 1 00 2.10 4516 0.559370 450 to.taesa 293 DIN 41617 21-es3y 160p 11.6. H... r 11.0314 1E0 74215 1.03 4517 2.20 350 eLnaca 1.90 W"cAr 2.25 DIN 41617 37 ray 1709 60,1 7420 090 1513915 3.50 1709 1130 4518 059 110 2.E 1115 41613 3C9 1169 'Zs24 1 709 74293 090 LIMA 150 190 13Greer,.7- 003 4519 0.32 2 x way 5, P.11 roes 1.330 131 126 3 647. 7428 1.93 050 4520 0.53 00736118 3.20 75331 070 11124 0.15 ZOp 2759 mvaLL 74231 200 UOM5184 320 75432 0.70 111222 0.13 2 M Ass Ang Per Z754 =Op . 0.52 4621 1.15 L.90s944 1X0 ln2x, 6X9 742614 083 U12.2003 0.90 111E6 3 32 way Ss P.n _53E 05045E 0.00 022 7500 906p 7304.1 102p 2 XI; 2166 4 7436.1. 3 32 sway AN P41 090 5373 0.50 4625 070 OTHERS 11122 37594009 .4.12.1V 743574 080 4.5374 093447 2125727 1 (IC 511 A - 8 4E9 109 3E0 9:c 1 Ma 743634 070 050 09P12 123 71178 00.g55 5375 015 3628 0.34 BRCS 1.63 111.316 - 6 425o NY 7le311.71 ES: 743-6 1.83 ORM 120 110 1_33 103 8P1521 Fl. 2 32 way dense 1.,,_._ 1. ...1.1r.3 Trve Corr. 151 74370 1.10 2.80 03661 123 717E1 120 --4-'13 095 4531 0.5 I IA- 9 A - C, SC 51.11 *4 7 We 5.'.771453 PLEASE.%111) 541p p&p &15.:.1:VI. TF(IINom.vric (1E.Ip01.1:so VAT. p&p alCoso MAIL ORDERS TO. 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NW10 lED Orders from Gosernmeni Depts. & Colleges etc. Aelcome SHOPS AT: 17 BURNLEY ROAD, LONDON NW10 Detailed Price List on request (Tel: 01 208 1177 Telex: 922800) Stock items arc normally by return of post 305 EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON W2