Developing a Preservation Strategy for the Water Filtration System of the Antiguo Acueducto De San Juan
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Developing a Preservation Strategy for the Water Filtration System of the Antiguo Acueducto de San Juan Andrew Davis, Alanah Durr, Nino Melikidze, Michael Owens December 18, 2014 Developing a Preservation Strategy for the Water Filtration System of the Antiguo Acueducto de San Juan An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Degree of Bachelor of Science In cooperation with the Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico On December 18, 2014 Submitted by: Andrew Davis Alanah Durr Nino Melikidze Michael Owens Report Submitted to: Señora Elizabeth Padilla The Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico Professors Lauren Mathews and Tina-Marie Ranalli Worcester Polytechnic Institute I Acknowledgements Our project team would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their assistance and support with this Interactive Qualifying Project throughout its duration: The Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico for sponsoring this project, organizing our field work and site visits, and providing us with all the necessary information and resources we needed to complete this project. Elizabeth Padilla, our project liaison, for all of her assistance and advice that was key to the successful completion of this project. The park rangers at the U.S. National Park Service site of Castillo San Felipe del Morro and Castillo de San Cristóbal, for their helpful information and feedback that contributed to the creation of our educational exhibit designs. The interpreters at Hacienda la Esperanza and Cabezas de San Juan, Jose Nevarez and Leonor Alicea, for providing us with helpful information, advice and feedback for finalizing our educational exhibit designs. Señora Elsie Aponte, Señor John Ice, and Señor Marcos Negrón for their helpful information and feedback that helped us learn more about and understand the water filtration system, history, and purpose of the Antiguo Acueducto. Señor Guillermo Rivera for his assistance with the experiment and translations throughout the project. Professor Lauren Mathews, Professor Tina-Marie Ranalli, and Professor Steven McCauley, from Worcester Polytechnic Institute, for their guidance and advice throughout the duration of this project. Worcester Polytechnic Institute for making the completion of this project and our trip to Puerto Rico possible. II Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... II Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... III Table of Figures.......................................................................................................................................... V Table of Tables ...................................................................................................................................... VIII Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. IX 1.0. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0. Background .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Importance of Historic Preservation .............................................................................................. 3 2.1.1. History of the Historic Preservation Movement .................................................................... 3 2.2. The Conservation Trust of Puerto Rico ......................................................................................... 9 2.2.1. Para la Naturaleza .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. History of the Antiguo Acueducto ................................................................................................ 12 2.4. The World Water Crisis ................................................................................................................ 15 2.5. Basic Principles of Water Treatment ........................................................................................... 18 2.5.1. Water Filtration Specifics Related to the Antiguo Acueducto ............................................ 19 2.6. Current State of the Antiguo Acueducto ..................................................................................... 20 2.7. Creating an Educational Exhibit .................................................................................................. 21 2.7.1. Interactive Exhibits ................................................................................................................. 25 3.0. Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1. Preservation plan ............................................................................................................................... 28 3.1.1. Initial assessment ........................................................................................................................ 28 3.1.2. Design of the physical model ...................................................................................................... 34 3.1.3. Model filter particulate experiment .......................................................................................... 35 3.1.4. Model part research .................................................................................................................... 40 3.2. Research and development of educational exhibit design .............................................................. 41 4.0. Results and Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 46 4.1. Initial assessment ........................................................................................................................... 46 4.2. Design of physical model ............................................................................................................... 54 4.3. Model filter particulate experiment ............................................................................................. 60 4.4. Model part research ....................................................................................................................... 63 III 4.5. Floor plan and exhibit placement ................................................................................................. 66 4.6. Educational exhibit interviews and evaluations .......................................................................... 68 4.7. Educational exhibit designs ........................................................................................................... 81 4.8. Results for exhibit material research ........................................................................................... 94 5.0. Recommendations and Conclusions ................................................................................................. 97 5.1. Model Design Recommendations .................................................................................................. 97 5.2. Educational Exhibit Recommendations ..................................................................................... 100 5.3. Conclusion for recommendations ............................................................................................... 106 References ................................................................................................................................................ 107 Appendix A: Part Dimensions Form ..................................................................................................... 111 Appendix B: Exhibit Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 112 Appendix C: Interview Questions ......................................................................................................... 113 Appendix D: Testing the Filterability of Certain Particulates through a Sand Filter ...................... 114 Appendix E: Email Question Responses about Educational Exhibit Designs ................................... 116 Appendix F: Educational Exhibit Preliminary Designs ...................................................................... 120 Appendix G: Educational Exhibit Final Designs ................................................................................. 125 Appendix H: Physical Model Operation Guidelines for the Interpreters.......................................... 130 Appendix I: Experiment to Test for the Best Contaminants to Use in the Physical Model ............. 134 IV Table of Figures Figure 1. Lighthouse at Cabezas de San Juan. .............................................................................. 10 Figure 2. Manor at Hacienda la Esperanza. .................................................................................. 12 Figure 3. Example of an aqueduct built by the Romans (Andrews, 2012). .................................. 13 Figure 4. Picture of the site of the Antiguo Acueducto in 1919. .................................................