ISA SHEET Form 10-306 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Oct. 1972) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Montana
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Big Horn INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NFS USE ONLY FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) I'D B7£<
Old Ft. C.F. Smith and related sites AND/OR HISTORIC: or j?ort c.F. Smith Historic District
STREET AND NUMBER: One mile east of the town--tf£ Fort Smith, Montana
CITY OR TOWN: [£" f , COUNTY: Montana 30 Big Horn 003 CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC District f~| Building n Public Public Acquisition: [ | Occupied Yes: Site [~j Structure Q Private [~] In Process .'_ ? r Ji | Unoccupied I | Restricted n Object CD Both * [~1 Being Considered " f | Preservation work CC Unrestricted in progress PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) ., ,• ,x | | Agricultural |_J Government I | Transportatioti. x ''fiH .gdri | | Commercial |~] Industrial I I Private Residence d Other (Specify).' *>\\$,^^" r *. •• \i v" . | | Educational | | Military [ | Religious . | | Entertainment | | Museum [ | Scientific National Park Service REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: (If applicable) STREET AND NUMBER: Rocky Mountain Region 665 Parfet Street CITY OR TOWN: Denver Colorado 08 COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Big Horn County Courthouse STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TOWN: Hardin Montana 30 TITLE OF suRVEY^earss, E.G., Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, History Basic Data, Washington, 1970. DATE OF SURVEY: Federal State I I County Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: National Park Service, Office of ______Archeology and Historic Preservation, InteriorSTREET AND NUMBER: Building, 18th & 19th Streets at Virginia Ave., NW CITY OR TOWN: CODE Washington B.C. uulu CCAec/c One; | | Excellent | | Good [~~| Fair ( 1 Deteriorated JP Ruins [~1 Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) [~1 Altered [TJ Unaltered c] Moved jp Original Site DESCRIBENone ofTHE thePRESENT walls AND ORIGINAL or structures fit known) PHYSICAL are APPEARANCE standing at this time. How ever, guided tours are assisted by drawings of what the fort / like at the time it was garrisoned* With the aid of these sketches, visitors are able, with a little assistance from Park Interpreters, to locate all walls and structures from the out lines of walls and foundations which can still be seen at this time, (copy of sketch attached) The rujbs of the Bozeman trail can still be seen in the vicinity of the fort* Portions of the trail have beenfollowed all the way from Ft* Laramie to Virginia City. The Ejoj|t_j^emjejijary is now grown over with grass and nothing re mains to mark the site although the location is pretty well known locally. Stretches of the Old Wood Read can be seen from the fort site all thei way up^ the switchfeacks of the new Ok-A-Beh road and be yond toward the Big Horn Mountains. m m The Lime Quarry is very evident and remains very much the same as 3/£~~was when limestone was last quarried there. The Lime Kiln is just a heap of rubble but for those who are 70 C familiar with such structures - it leaves little doubt as to o what its functions were. O Z */» PERIOD (Check One or More aa Appropriate) [ | Pre-Columbian [~1 16th Century (~"| 18th Century I—| 20th Century n 15th Century Q] 17th Century JP 19th Century SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More aa Appropriate) Aboriginal | | Education Q Political [~~1 Urban Planning f~] Prehistoric | | Engineering n Religion/Phi Q Other (Specify) I | Historic | | Industry losophy I | Agriculture [ | Invention [~~| Science r~l Architecture | | Landscape | | Sculpture IZI Art Architecture [ | Social/Human | | Commerce I| Literature itarian | | Communications d] Military Q Theater | | Conservation usic I | Transportation By•STATJf^RI looO OFthe SIGNIFICANCE,. expanding white... frontier« .. hadi 11 begun to. threaten. i . theLI northern plains tribes and with the 60's came the first large scale warfare between the array and the most powerful northern tribe, the Sioux, and its allies, the Qheyenne and Arapaho. Fort C.F. Smith, one of three forts built to guard the Bozeman Trail leading to the the newly established mining towns in south western Montana, was at the center sf this conflict. The fort itself was never directly attacked. Im«t«ad, Red I- Cloud's warriors concentrated their assaults on supply trains u patrols and work details outside the protection ©f the fort's walls. Although the Indians failed to win any decisive victories along the Bozeman Trail, it became increasingly difficult for the army to protect itself, much less keep the entire trail qpen to civil 111 ian traffic. Peace advocates in Washington prevailed and in 186? UJ the forts and the trail they were meant to protect were abandon ed to Red Cloud's warriors who promptly burned the forts. Included with the Fort C.F. Smith nomination are the remains of a portion of the Bozeman Trail where it passed the fofct and crossed the Bighorn River. Likewise included is the site of the post cemetery. In 1892 the bodies and a stone monument were removed to Custer National Cemetery. Also included are traces of the Wood Road which led from the fort to the Limestone Quarry and pineries that provided building material for the fort. In 1877 the quarry also provided material for Fort Custer and in 1879 the area was made a "Limestone Reser- vation" by the army. Where the Wood Road crosses Lime Kiln Creek lies the remains of a lime kiln which is also included in the nomination. Fort C.F. Smith 1st order of significance Bozeman Trail 1st order of significance Wood Road, Quarry & Kiln 2nd order of significance Cemetery site 3rd order of significance Bearss, E.G., Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, History Basic Data, Washington, 1970. David, Robert B., Finn Burnett, Frontiersman, Glendale, 1937. Lockhart, James D., Life and Adventures of a Drummer Boy, Albany, 1893. Mattes. Merrill J. f indians. Infants and Infancy: Andrew and Elizibeth Burt on the Frontier, Denver, I960. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES f | DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY «• OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES F CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds.. Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW ii'5° 18- 23 $3 107° 5k' 58-") 0 I ii 0 i ii NE k'y 18 ' 26 *Vio7° 51*' 26- (^.Fort C.F. Smith Area SE k '5° 18' 12 M5:107° 5k' 26" / (see attached <1rawing) sw k& 18- 20^107° 5U- 5B"^I APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: 3Q7 B.CTeS"k7 Ft. Smith* 260 QUarT^ 1. U5° 17* 15 '* 107° 5>U' 50" 15APPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES 2. U5° 17' 12" 107° 55 ' 01" COUNTY: CODE 3. U5° 17 ! 38" 107° 55 f 37" lu U5° 18' 08" 107° 55 f U6" CCUNTY^ CODE m 5. U5° 18 • 12" 107° 55' 29" ^ Lime Quarry Area m State Liaison Officer recommendation: I hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register. * O No /"! *yj sj /^^)/i /i D None /jfyjry/ W C Jjfr/ArZ - State L iaiaorfoflicet Signature In compliance with Executive Order 11593, I hereby Director, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation nominate thi^ property, to ,the National Register, certify ing that the State Liaison Officer has been allowed 90 days in which to present the nomination to the State Re Date ' ^Y I / £^> view Board and to evaluate Us significance. The recom v / mended level qf significance :is [~1 National f~~l Sta^ ATTEST: . f~1 Local / -x / c Federal Representative Signature ? Date /) ^./vAjKeeper of The National Register /' uu^ny , / ^ /> _^ u ^XM-^C^A^vJ^x ^£ .^+ *j ^" F * .*". ""* * r 1 "_"* * ~ Tjr —. • a^ .1 LAUDING . STRIP ^c A?75 travel Pit/ 5022 itations Aft« rt Smith r/y^^ uins 3/5-? ^ r*. 14 ~35§o7. 21 32«l -^ '/ •*^3t>e—«i^Ji_. Latitude 5-- Longitude 3^94 NW Uf ° 18 ' -251 107° 5U 1 58" SJIP". NE iU|° 18» ^6«5Z 107° SU 1 26W Mr SE U|° 18' ttWi 107° 5U» 26" V£ SW UB° 18« 20»»« 107° £U» 58" 4] T. jKS^nr1" %. 2.^|f 17J 5020 ^ i9 ~jr;1i^ 17 f 38« 107° 55• 37 n HU5«?\ U« sU5° 18* 08B 107° 55' U6" .5. !U5° 18' 12» 107° 55« 29" ^ 6. iU5° 18' 11" 107° 55' 27" tyf 7. ; U5° 18' 31tt 107° 55' 07" X^5 8. !U5° 18' 29 tt 107° 55' 06M 9. \^° I? 1 08" 107 • <|j ^« T^fc_j— -> MX N\\ /__\^\s M\\\\ SW T />/* "IS r\ \ ^1^ ^^ ^ •^ i '-/iuL^N- J^c^€«; /: ^Oi S:V« ^:/^FM 5017 No '10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (7/72)) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Montana COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Big Horn PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBEFJC;-»<. DATE (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) \ 9 ..,-•-" ||i: NAMEv .-...... ' .-•..-. COMMON: Lime Kiln AND/OR HISTORIC: ._—-.—. (fetOCATION ...... :...... ::..'..-::.. - . :.".'. '... STREET AND NUMBER: • x--"' A. ;y •'x Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Montari'arV REC^IVFf] \'-X CITY OR TOWN: Fort Smith —————iSf— \ —————————— « PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil DATE OF PHOTO: 7/26/73 ————— "^"^ « EGAT.VE FILED AT: RQ Bighorn Canyon NRA adm. bldg. neg. # 775 |H:jt3£NTIFICATiQr« ..'.... ' .11 DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC. Taken from a northeasterly direction. Very little remains to indicate this was a lime kiln. However, the general shape of the kiln can be seen and cleanings from the kiln can be identified near the site. /¥* •fe US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-739-152/1446 ID - I STATE ^o.'lO-SOla UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Montana . COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ' Bighorn PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE 0|LY DATE - attach to or enclose with photogra} t\ ENTRY NUMBER c^\' «/» (Type all entries Vs •' : : i : i : : : ,:S COMMON: Lime Quarry "L-—— _ AND/OR HISTORIC: /^L\ \ \ °' / />\ /<%>' J p'T' <\ /[" ! T \^"'^" ••" STREET AND NUMBER: u Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Mont'jt^a ''"-^tlvuU "C"\ CITY OR TOWN: Fort Smith V ..-!. MATmNi/ii*" i-1" .- CODE COUN /.CODE STATE: Montana —^~ TY: T3-! ~ '•«i"«._ PCP iCT 1""!.? ;:: ' : K:'- ;:;:;:: ::i: ^ ; It «; i • • •?• ^m^^'x^m si* : • - ; PHOTO CREDIT: '/ J_ X" g, ju 1 J» OlSOH -~ __. __ „„„..-- DATE OF PHOTO: 7/26/73 ,E G AT,VEP 1L EDAT: HQ Bighorn CanyOn NRA adm . bldg. neg. # 77U UJ m • '- . '•:• • ;: X: " :;:.V : : : : : • : -'x ;: o : :::v::::::^:::^:::::::::::::::::^>:::::W:::::::::::::^^^ SSSSSiSiSffiwaSS^SKliSiSiSi!^^ """ """-••- •----"' •"-- i""'ii ...... nii!,» DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC. Taken from a northeasterly direction. Because of its location at top of a hill - a more distant shot was necessary to show &l: the site in its entire aspect. c?^ 6 •fa US. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729-1 52/1446 ffi - I Form No 10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ST *.tE. (7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Montana COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Big Horn PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE j$y.Y ENTRY NUMBER^"^*" DATE all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) «/» (Type * - J> Z 111 mm : - ;VV.;:5 mi&^ • :,i : .--- ;• ii; , B^liiiiiiisSBS:* : : -.:•-. : : .-.- ; : O COMMON: Bozeman Trail AND/OR HISTORIC: ~—, —— -^ H Hi^^^^;.,^:.i;.};/Mi^^^^M^SM^^^^^SiM?^^^^^M ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^K!.;3-o:-ii.:: :: U STREET AND NUMBER: /AA>'' , ^ "-^\ Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Moi^fea irtrrn/rn ";o\ D CITY OR TOWN: t£ Fort Smith (^ ^/"^ ^\ \- STATE: CODE COUNTY: L""A A//S TI/^K, '^^ I ^ o D E Montana 30 Big ^n/?£fi;^.L .A:,.803 rr PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil J. OlSOn ^^ / 7Y"~-— — fp^ X/ *7 / O £ / *7 O ^^. //' 1 » *\^^ DATE OF PHOTO: / / C. O/ ( J ^--i—J —— — Ul MEGATIVE FILED AT: HQ Bighorn Canyon NRA adm. bldg. neg. # 772 m BP* «/» IP™ DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. Taken from an easterly direction showing faint outline of old trail rut^i The trail is somewhat clearer in other locations but due to the proximity of these to Old Fort C.F. Smith - they , seem to be the most logical for interpretation. 3v"•*-)/( U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973- 729-1 527 144 6 HI - I lo 10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE JCTERIOR STATE (7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Montana COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Big Horn PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE 0£JLY (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) ENTRY NUMBEg *^* DATE ^MS:^^Mi^^limSMii^;^i^-;S!mm^i9 COMMON: Fort C. F. Smith AND/,-:- HISTORIC: IBi£%&:-:«-v..,:;:.-.: :, - :: v sijimi9iil^^i9iimifimimi^9^USiisiimMf. : .•.;:, \;Mii^£m£M§®Miiii^^^^iiM. STREET AND NUMBER: /' "C'/j p. "^ p-i '~^/\ Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Montatf^' fli ^\LCEiVEO \^\ CITY OR TOWN: fr/ nu ^ -J 1975 \^\ Fort Smith STATE: lur^ .»*..,„„ .CODE COUNTY: 11X^4. Montana , 3Q Big Har^ NATIONALREGISTER ^^~C^pW !p!U£:';3^-S ^5^»?^^^^p^§»i^a^^^^^^;;p PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil tj. UlSOn <^1/ 7"/7[f\ ^^^ ———— DATE OF PHOTO: 7/26/73 ^ EGAT1VE FILEDAT: Headquarters-Bighorn fianyon NRA adm. bldg. neg. 771 DESCRIBEPicture VIEW.plRECTJON.ETC. taken from an easterly. , direction,. ,. of_o the±. -L. eastj. corner ofJ the fort. Low dark-coloBBddmound to left center is remaining foundation of one of the three enlisted men's barracks. Mound to right center is remains of quartermaster building. Faint out line in center foreground is remains of gaurdhouse/blockhouse* .. H-V\(Q •& U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1973-729-152/1446 HI - I T*., * 4'- :. STATE Form No. 10-301a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Montana (7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Big Horn PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPSIISEONLY i/» (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) [IPSI^igg^ Old Fort C. £'. Smifii Cemetery STREET AND NUMBER: y\\ u Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Mon/tMian r~ \ AiT ITY OR TOWN: 1975 \- QL Fort Smith H Montana Big co Jfi. Z PHOTO CREDIT: Virgil J. ulSOH DATE OF PHOTO: ILJ , EGAT.VE FILED AT: RQ Canyon JJRA adm . bldg. n S g. # 773 UJ t/> '""" ' """-•-"-'• '' " DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. Taken from a southwesterly direction. Actual: location of the cemetery is pretty well known locally although the site is grown over to grasses and natural vegetation. •fr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729- 1 52/ 1 446 HI - I Form No 10-30Ia UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (7/72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Montana NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY Big Horn PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE 0$kY »/> (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph),. ————————————————ENTRY NUMBERS^«jr^ ———| 1 ————————— DATE Z pp :•*•;.•:•:;• '^mmm^mm^^mmm^ims^mm^w^m^^^^x^^^^mmimi^^m. : : -.. .-.. O COMMON: Old Wood Road AND/CP HISTORIC: . |p*. f*f" : " : miimmmmsmmmmsmHmM^^Sim^::.::: r- |iss;?.TiWSttSBS: •''•':?*: .J> ^SSJSSS* •: t STREET AND NUMBER: /'\''% sx Jk ""C/xX U Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Montana.Cv pr -^v.icn Xv\ CITY OR TOWN: Fort Smith f:5 ^UG 5 1975 £ ^ H STATE: CODE COUN IT.rv- 'C*-!^i •* "• i ____ ^_ ^ t \ .-.'.CODE L~ Montana 20 Big Hoi?.g\ N^ iL',V.T J :Q03co t r-iMfc '.'-•'"••. : -: '-~./: :.. : v'.rslSi^^^^^^^Wf^^^^^K^^^^^^^ ^liilPsSiiBpK : V;: i i : i^ '. : • : : : "V:"'- : : ' :.' : SSSslliil^l PHOTO CREDIT: VXTgil J » OlSOH s- /sv>- _ --<"\Cix •7 /<^ A /*7 D ^^J_iii3-^' DATE OF PHOTO: ( / £O/ (J| UJ MEGATIVE FILED AT: gQ Bighorn Canyon NRA adm. bldg. neg. # 776 111 IT- ^iii&iSM&^^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. Taken from a southeasterly direction, This road can be traced from Old, Fort C.F. Smith all the way to where it leaves the Bighorn Canyon boundary and continues up the Big Horn mountains. 6^(3 •fcU-S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973-729-152/144610-1