URBAN AGE ISTANBUL CONFERENCE NOVEMBER 2009

Geetam Tiwari Indian Institute of Technology

New Green Transport Infrastructure in

All rights are reserved by the presenter www.urban-age.net NEW GREEN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DELHI TRANSIT 1996-2008

Geetam Tiwari

Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Program (TRIPP)/ Civil Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) , India

Understanding traffic chaos, congestion, accidents in Delhi

• Captive users of NMVs & PT • Painted side bus lane occupied by NMVs and pedestrians • Mismatch between road design and usage • Poor utilization of space(~50%) • 3 lane wide road is used as 2 lane road

Short term: Congestion free Why BRT? movement to majority people Improve safety and convenience of PT users, pedestrians and bicyclists Move out buses from congestion Current modal shares can be maintained (~30:30:30, NMV:PT:PRSVEH) long term increase in PT, pedestrians and bicyclists is possible

DELHI BRT PLANNING • 1996: Transport Department of GNCTD commissions a study after “Delhi on the Move 2005“ report for CPCB

• 1998: Study submitted to GNCTD indicating exclusive bicycle lanes are required on all arterial roads to improve flow and safety of all. Designs for Vikas Marg and Wazirabad corridors prepared. (DMRC construction is underway since 2006 on this corridor)

• 2002 (JANUARY): DTC, IDFC, SIAM organise an International Workshop .A consensus emerged that Delhi should plan for BRT corridors in Delhi.(Objection from Traffic Police)

• 2002 (MAY): Chief Minister GNTCD appoints a Committee ;Chief Secretary as Chairperson to examine all possible options for planning for sustainable .

• 2002 (SEPT): Committee submits report and recommends that dedicated central lanes be established public transport on six corridors of Delhi.

• 2004: Contract awarded to RITES to prepare detailed plans for BRT for six corridors with construction details for the first corridor. Order placed for first 6 low floor buses for Delhi. • (Alignment of 4 corridor has changed since then and DIMTS has prepared concept plan for LRT, and as well)

• 2005: Transport Department (GNCTD) organises an international workshop to examine design details for the first corridor. The national and international experts review the details and examine the corridor and their suggestions are incorporated in the designs.

• 2006: GNTCD establishes Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS), a Special Purpose Vehicle to oversee the establishment of public transport systems in Delhi.

• 2006 (Oct): Construction of the first corridor starts.

• 2006-2007: All details of the project examined by EPCA in several meetings with all stakeholders and suggestions incorporated.

• 6 km corridor operating since April 2008

7 Major Activities to create a system

Meeting with RWAs Meeting with MLAs Meeting with print media Road Infrastructure Social Marketing Capacity Physical Inventory Building, workshops Traffic Inventory with vehicle Rd X section Planning completed for6 manufacturers, Traffic Bus Stops corridors, 14.5 km to be Delhi HCBS/ police, MCD engineers Junctions completed in 2008 August BRT Vehicle Specs, report submitted to Transport department 2003 6 Telco Buses Ordered Financial 2004, 5000 in 2007 DIMTS formed in 2007 March

DIMTS& DTC invited tenders for Institutional passenger information services I.T. Services Universal Design VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS

IIT Delhi January 08 Low Floor Buses first time in the country 2006

IIT Delhi January 08 BRT CORRIDORS IN DELHI

HCBS Phase 1 Ambedkar Nagar to ISBT S. Section Length 4 way T Ped. Flyover Bus No. in km junction junction subway shelter (both TENDER direction 1 Ambedkar 2.9 1 3 - - 12 PROCESS Nagar-Chiragh Delhi 2 Chiragh Delhi- 1.5 1 - 1 1 3 2005 : 6km Sirifort 3 Sirifort-Moolcnd 1.4 1 1 1 1 6 2006 : Approved 4 Moolchand – 3.2 1 - 1 1 9 section (Ambd.Ngr to Lodhi Road KASMERE GATE ISBT 5. Lodhi Road – 3.7 1 5 2 2 14 Delhi Gate) ST.JAMES CHURCH TELEPHONE EXCHANGE Tila Bridge SP MARG GPO JAMA MASZID 6. Tilak Bridge – 1.6 2 1 (U - - 6 CS14 Delhi Gate turn) GOLCHA ANSARI ROAD DELHI GATE CS13 7. Delhi Gate- 3.7 5 2 2 - 8 CS12 TILAK BRIDGE ISBT CS10 BHAGWAN PURANA DAS ROAD SHAHEED PARK QUILA ROAD ITO

SHERSHAH ROAD CS9 SUBRAMANYAM BHARTI MARG BHAIRON ROAD Ist BRT in LODHIINDIA ROAD CS8 MOOLCHAND DEFENCE COLONY MATHURA ROAD ROAD CS7 th JANGPURA 27 SeptemberCS6 CS4 CS5 ANDREWS GANJ Ambedkar Nagar CHIRAGH DELHI

PRESS ENCLAVE 2006 AMBEDKAR NAGAR CS3 to ISBT(19 km)

CS2 CS1 ORTHONOVA

AN junction 2005 120 buses/h A.N.Junction 2008 2 bus platforms (near side of junction) capacity:TU of 10 vehicles,at grade crossing

Line capacity: 9000 prs/h

Peak demand: 6000 prs/h Bicycle lanes

IIT Delhi January 08 Bicycle lane and Midblock bus shelter (single platform)

At grade pedestrian crossing

~1200 bicycles/h DETAILED DESIGN FEATURES

WIDE BARRIER FREE PEDESTRIAN INFRASTRUCTURE Cycle Tracks

• Continuous Concrete Tracks • Adjacent to MV lanes • Raised by 75 to 100mm above road level • Physically segregated from MV lanes and pedestrian path • Tree belt provide shade

Cycle Track

• Raised crossing established cyclist and pedestrian priority at un- signalized junctions • Textured ramps for vehicles – different surface treatment at crossing

Bus Stations Access to the Bus

• Defined boarding gates with warning tiles

Buses Inside the Bus • Space to park wheelchairs with provision of special belt to secure during journey Traffic Safety Yearly Average Fatalities Before Yearly Average Fatalities After Construction on 5.8km Stretch of Construction on 5.8km Stretch of BRT Corridor, Delhi BRT Corridor, Delhi 1.4, 15% 0, 0%

4.6, 50% Cyclists Cyclists 3.2, 35% Motorist Motorist 6, 100% Pedestrian Pedestrian

Comparison Between Accidents and Bus Speeding on BRTS Corridor, Installation of Delhi rumble strips –

6 140 5 5 120 4 4 100 Fatal Accidents 3 3 80 3 Major Accidents 2 2 2 2 60 2 1 1 1 40 More than 70 Km/hr 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 60-70 Km/hr

0 0 Incidents Speeding of No. 50-60 Km/hr

No. of Accidents post installation of rumble strips in bus lane – “ZERO” Source - Dario Hidalgo, Madhav Pai; Embarq Source - Dario Hidalgo, Madhav Pai; Embarq Delhi BRT Traffic May 2009

• 200 buses • 15,000 persons • 1500 bicycles • Bus speed 20km/h • Car speed • 15 m/h 15000

Source - Dario Hidalgo, Madhav Pai; Embarq 21

Source - Dario Hidalgo, Madhav Pai; Embarq Media Reports

• 2002-2006(november) “…why has the project been delayed?” • 2007May-2008 May “…BRT-Big Road Trauma” • Mis-reporting of design details • High lighting inconvenience during construction • Sensationalizing fatal accidents Central Bus Lanes in Delhi

IIT Delhi May 15 NAPM march for “Equal right campaign on road” Impacts

 Short Term Bus speed 20km/h, car 12-15 km/h Urban rejuvenation – landscaping and beautification of complete corridor benefiting all residents  Whole corridor made accessible to disabled people as required by law  Zero Fatal Accidents January 2009-october 2009

IIT Delhi 2003 Impacts

LongTerm Increase in PT users because Bus speed 20km/h, car 12-15 km/h Increase in pedestrian and bicycle trips because of safe network Reduction in vehicular emissions because of smoother driving cycle Reduction in GHGs because of high share of low carbon modes of transport

IIT Delhi 2003 GREEN TRANSPORT AGENDA

• CNG in Public Transport: Initial outcry Bus travel becomes expensive and fleet size reduces • Metro : Strong support from media PT becomes expensive, poor household relocated • BRT: Strong opposition from media Bus travels faster than car, car lanes congested Delhi Climate Policy

• Description of projects • Metro extension • BUS corporatisation • AFCS • Flyovers, ROBs, RUBs • Street lighting Possible Impact on CO2 (woodcock J et al, Accepted in Lancet, 2009) London Population Delhi 2006 = 7.5m London 2030 = 9.0m

Delhi Population

2004 = 14.8m 2030 = 26.0m Aggregate Transport CO2 CO2 Emissions Aggregate Transport CO2 CO2 Emissions Transport CO2 Emissions Per Reduction on Transport CO2 Emissions Per Increase on 1990 Emissions Person (tCO2/ 1990 (%) Emissions Person (tCO2/ (%) person) person) (tonnes) 2006 London 9,647,900 -2.50% 6,146,651 2004 Delhi 1.3 0.4 97% 2010 BAU 9,935,897 1.3 0% 8,268,298 0.5 165% 2030 Scenario 1 10,381,318 4.80% 19,550,693 BAU 1.2 0.8 526% 2030 Scenario 2 6,480,565 -39% 17,069,668 LCD 0.7 0.7 447% 2030 Scenario 3 6,120,306 -43% 10,458,736 AT 0.7 0.4 235% 2030 Scenario 4 3,608,226 -65% 9,327,207 ST 0.4 0.4 199%