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Learning the Culture of Natural Family Living Through LEARNING THE CULTURE OF NATURAL FAMILY LIVING THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN AN ONLINE COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE _____________________________________ A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Curry School of Education University of Virginia _____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________ by Carolyn M. Pinkerton, BA in Spanish, MA in Education, and MS in Curriculum and Instruction May 2010 © Copyright by Carolyn M. Pinkerton All Rights Reserved May 2010 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine how mothers participate in an online community, MotheringDotCommunity (MDC), to learn the culture of natural family living (NFL) through an ethnographic case study. Natural family living (NFL) is a lifestyle that promotes holistic well-being. Families focus on nurturing their physical, emotional, and spiritual health. Attachment parenting (AP) is part of NFL. In AP, parents quickly and consistently respond to their children‘s needs in order to promote a strong parent-child attachment; this involves practices such as always responding to a child‘s cries, keeping children within close proximity, and practicing gentle discipline. MDC is an online forum where women can both provide and receive information and support regarding NFL. Data were collected through daily online observations of MDC, archived messages, and interviews with 12 MDC participants. In addition, four MDC member profiles were created in order to highlight the learning process and patterns of activity that occur within the online community. Data were analyzed using the framework of communities of practice, the idea that people learn a practice by interacting within a community. The findings revealed three major themes: (1) by creating and sharing information and receiving community support, MDC members are empowered and encouraged to challenge institutions, (2) through their participation at MDC, women both learn and adapt their identities as NFL mothers, and (3) MDC serves different roles for different members; for some members, MDC is a community of practice, while for others, the forum solely serves as an information resource. Educational Leadership, Foundations, and Policy Curry School of Education University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia APPROVAL OF THE DISSERTATION This dissertation, Learning the Culture of Natural Family Living through Participation in an Online Community of Practice, has been approved by the Graduate Faculty of the Curry School of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. "" ;J;i##Ik~ J"frofessor Harold Burbach ~ . +y~:- This dissertation is dedicated to my loved ones and to mothers everywhere, no matter their tribe iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I used to run away from home as a child. I did not go too far, and my destination was always the same: the elementary school where my older sisters attended. My parents would go retrieve me from the school and find me sitting in a desk, my arms stretched upwards and my hands clasped together on the desk. I did not leave the classroom easily as I loved being there and wanted to stay at the school. My parents had no idea at that time just how long I would stay in the classroom, both as a student and as a teacher. My love for education has remained constant, as has the solid support from my parents. For their continual encouragement and love, I am deeply grateful. There are many teachers to thank for compelling me to earn my Ph.D. Dr. Colleen Gilrane was the first professor to make me truly excited about education, and I look back to my internship year of student teaching with great fondness. I have taught side by side with three excellent teachers, Melinda Webster, Kelly Walker, and Stephanie Sebolt. I value what they taught me as master teachers and as friends. And I am thankful for the professor who told me I could not and should not earn my doctorate as a young woman. He has no idea how his discouragement and doubt fueled me to succeed. I am indebted to Diane Hoffman for all the she has taught me, for her support and insight in my study of learning to mother, and for always making me laugh. Each faculty member I have worked with at the University of Virginia has contributed to the scholar and researcher I am today by generously sharing their expertise and providing feedback along the way. v Writing is a solitary endeavor, yet I never felt alone throughout the dissertation process. Phone calls, emails, and meetings with my cohort carried me through times when I did not know if I could cross the dissertation finish line. Beth Lloyd and Melissa Levy were always quick to answer emails and help brainstorm ideas. My sweet dog Maya never judged my shabby appearance during the long days of writing, and she seemed to know when to nudge my hand when we both needed to go for a walk. My friends listened when I talked about my study and provided distractions when I needed a break. Not only did my circle of friends help me through the dissertation process, but they reminded me of how blessed I am to be surrounded by such good people. Finally, although they have no idea about how much I looked into their lives, I am grateful for MotheringDotCommunity. Studying how women learn natural family living has been both informative and fascinating. I thank them for being such a lively tribe, and I am glad I got to be a part of it. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION................................................................................................................. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1 PERSONAL INTEREST ............................................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 5 NATURAL FAMILY LIVING ................................................................................................... 5 DISCOURSE ON MOTHERHOOD ........................................................................................... 15 MOTHERS AND DECISION MAKING .................................................................................... 19 THEORETICAL FRAME ........................................................................................................ 21 WOMEN'S WEBSITES .......................................................................................................... 24 ONLINE COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE ................................................................................. 25 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................................... 32 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...................................................................................................... 32 RESEARCH SITE ................................................................................................................. 33 The Basics About MDC ............................................................................................ 37 SAMPLE.............................................................................................................................. 40 DATA GATHERING ............................................................................................................. 41 DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................... 44 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................ 47 TERMINOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 48 RESEARCHER ROLE AND STUDY LIMITATIONS................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS ............................................................................................... 49 PART I: DEFINING THE NFL MOTHER ................................................................................ 50 Labels ........................................................................................................................ 50 Importance of Respect .............................................................................................. 55 Mothering as Spiritual, Instinctual, Intuitive, and Natural ....................................... 58 Emphasis on Education and Challenging the Norm ................................................. 59 Value of Community................................................................................................. 64 NFL AND INTENSIVE MOTHERING ..................................................................................... 68 Intensive Mother-Child Bond and Constant Close Proximity to Child ................... 68 Extensive Research and In-Depth Knowledge ......................................................... 70 Burn out and Rage .................................................................................................... 72 PART II: MOTHERINGDOTCOMMUNITY AS A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE ........................... 75 vii Domain .....................................................................................................................
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