Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Government of Nepal Ministry of Irrigation Department of Irrigation Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project Jawalakhel, Lalitpur
FINAL REPORT
On
“Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in
Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP” Amarpur VDC - 2 & 3, Gulmi
Mannings Consult Pvt. Ltd.
Jwagal, Lalitpur- 10, Kupandol
Phone/Fax: 5536981 / Email: [email protected]
Web site: www.paradisegroup.com.np
Dec 2017
IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We Mannings Consult Pvt. Ltd. Kupandole, Would like to thanks to Office of the Project Director (OPD)of Integrated Water Resources Management Project (IWRMP) for providing an opportunity to conduct an impact study of the component-A surface irrigation and rehabilitation sub-projects implemented under original scope of Integrated Water Resources Management Project (IWRMP) in Western Region in June 2017.
Many people benefited this study by their acumen and academic contribution. At the outset, we express our earnest gratitude to Er. Sashi Bahadur Bisht, Project Director of IWRMP, Dr. Er. Rajan Bhattarai, Senior Divisional Engineer of IWRMP, Er.Suresh Khadkha, Engineer, IWRMP and Er.Samjhana Maharjan, Engineer, IWRMP for their due support in finalizing the survey questionnaire, cooperation in providing secondary information required for review and due guidance in the preparation of this report and also providing both moral and administrative support.
We would also like to express our appreciation to all the technical staff of the IWRMP central level to district and concerned stakeholders for providing us valuable suggestions and guidance in the process of conducting the study and preparing this final report.
We are also grateful to local community who spent valuable time and effort with our study team providing their proper and valuable responses to our queries and extend us immense help and cooperation during the interview. We express our sincere thanks to them.
The consultant also expresses its thanks to WUA personnel and people sampled household who has directly and indirectly cooperating to accomplish this study.
Last but not the least; the Mannings Consult extend its sincere thanks to the study team for their dedication and commitment to accomplish this study.
Mannings Consult Pvt. Ltd.
Kupandole,Lalitpur
Dec, 2017
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ACRONYMS
AIC Agriculture Inputs Cooperation
BS Bikram Sambat
CA Command Area
DADO District Agriculture Development Office
DoI Department of Irrigation
DFS Detail Feasibility Study
EC Executive Committee
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FMIS Farmers’ Managed Irrigation System
FY Fiscal Year
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GIS Geographic Information System
GO Government Organization
GPS Global Positioning System
Ha Hectare
HH Household
ISP Irrigation Sub Project
IWRMP Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project
INGO International Government Organization
ISF Irrigation Service Fee
ISP Irrigation Sub-project
KII Key Informant Interview
Mt/ha Metric Tonn per hectare
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
NCA Net Command Area
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
NGO Non-Government Organization
OPD Office of Project Director
OS Original Scope
O & M Operation and Maintenance
SLC School Leaving Certificate
TOR Terms of Reference
VDC Village Development Committee
WB World Bank
WDR Western Development Region
WUA Water Users’ Association
WUG Water Users’ Group
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The impact study has been conducted following the standard practice to best meet the objectives and scope of the works. This study has been carried out to determine the impact observed in five different sub-projects area after implementation of the Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects under the original scope of IWRMP. These five sub-projects were selected based on the variation in their command area, geography and topography. The main objectives of this study were to assess the impact outcomes of the project on target group farmers for sustainable agriculture development through surface irrigation system; evaluate the sub-projects regarding whether targets were met or not in- terms of area of irrigated land, production and productivity of crops, overall social benefit from agriculture production, the social impact and existing institutional arrangement. Similarly, this study asserts on the recommendation to improve the present situation of the project area and the lesson learned for the future project to conduct similar kind of intervention.
The studied Sub –Projects in Western Region are Dhakmaar in Mustang, Polyangtar in Kaski, Chundikhola in Tanahu, Motipur Kadwa in Rupandehi and Tamsariya Baruwa in Nawalparasi. While, the command area of these sub-projects varies from minimum of 29 hectare to maximum of 1500 hectare, they also represent the three ecological belts of Nepal- Mountain, Hill and Terai.
Various documents and reports were reviewed during the study like Baseline Study report, Project appraisal document, Detail feasibility study report and present status of project activities. Consultant has used various tool and techniques to assess the impact, and fulfill the set objective. Tools used during the study were field observation, inventory survey of canal system and major structures with Global Positioning System (GPS) demarcation, sample household survey using pre-structured questionnaire, focused group discussion and key informant interviews. Both qualitative and quantitative data has been collected and analyzed to assess the impact of Surface irrigation in the agriculture performance within the study area.
The impact study of five irrigation sub project implemented under original scope of IWRMP in western region includes the Canal System and major structures, socio economic aspect, agricultural aspect, organizational arrangement aspect, water allocation and distribution, adequacy of support services for project enhancement, impacts of subproject, Farmers perception and satisfaction towards the project, the sustainability aspect and impact evaluation based on project key monitoring and evaluation indicators.
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
The inventory of major structures with demarcation in GPS has been carried out during field survey and transformed into Geographic Information System (GIS) and finally GIS Map has been prepared showing the command area, canal systems, and various structures constructed during project intervention.
Respondents for interviews were so selected so that they represent all reaches of the command area i.e. head, middle and tail. In average there are 32.41 % respondents from head, 33.64% of respondents from middle, and 33.95% from tail part of command area. The average male respondents were 60.19% and rest 39.81% were female respondents. 92.28% of respondents belong to age group 15-60 years and rest 7.72% is above 60 years old.
The average household size of the project areas under study is 6.28, while male: female population composition is 57.33% and 42.67% respectively. The average literacy rate is around 85.19%. Ethnically, the population is composed of 47.22% Janjatis, 46.6% Brahmins, 4.63% Dalits and 1.54% other castes. Similarly, 96.3% of populations are Hindus followed by 3.09% Buddhists and few Muslims and Christians.
Though majority (74.38%) of total population of the five project areas depend on agriculture for their income sources, average food sufficiency of the area is only 78.40%. The remaining population is involved in service sector (13.58%) and business (12.04%). The total annual average income of the subprojects shows that Tamsariya Baduwa ISP has the largest annual income and Dhakmaar ISP has the lowest. On-farm income is largely generated from the food grains (69.31%), livestock (23.9%) and horticulture (6.79%). Off-farm incomes are generated from various classes of services, labor, pension, rent received, business and remittance. The average of on-farm income is NRs.38437.96, and that of off-farm income is NRs.67552.47. On the other hand, average annual expenditure of the respondent farmers on an average reaches NRs. 75194.40. Major portion of the annual expenditure of the respondents' farmers are incurred in agricultural products (25.65%), education (21.51%), clothes (17.42%), and health (10.35%).
The average land size of the studied area is 0.62 ha, higher than national average farm size of 0.5 ha. The farm land holding size can be broadly classified into 4 categories; 0 ha (0.62%), below 0.5 ha (47.84 %), 0.5 to 1 ha (39.2%) and above 1 ha (12.35%).
Increased in cropping intensity has been set as key indicator by the Project Appraisal Document (PAD). It is one of the core measures to justify the investment to be made for the irrigation infrastructure. In an average, cropping intensity of the sub-project area has increased from 167.46 % to 218.60%. Above 95% respondent farmers from Polyangtar, Chundikhola, Motipur Khadwa and Tamsariya Baruwa cultivate their land during the monsoon season, while winter crop-coverage reaches in an average of
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
84%. Though farmers are motivated to cultivate land in all season due to irrigation facility and inputs, spring crop coverage is still below 50%. Basically the cropping pattern adopted by the farmers within the study area is paddy – wheat/ potato/ mustard/ pulses - Maize. The scenario is different in Dhakmaar ISP, where farmers cultivate their land only in spring season.
Agricultural operations in the study area are primarily dependent on human labor using manual farm tools and draft animals. Basically, in hilly and mountainous region i.e. Dhakmaar, Polyangtaar and Chundikhola ISP, farming practices are still in traditional form, using bullock plough, and without threshers or tillers. Whereas, in Motipur and Tamsariya ISP, bullocks are being replaced by tractor operated tillers and threshers. In an average more than 90% of farmers used Power tiller/Tractor and Thresher. Survey also showed significant reduction (recognized by 96.3% of respondents) in women drudgery after the project intervention.
After the intervention of irrigation facilities in the sub-project areas, average crop yield of paddy has increased from 2.75 mt/ha to 3.86 mt/ha. Similarly, the average yield of wheat, maize and potato has increased to 2.85 mt/ha, 2.94 mt/ha and 11.18 mt/ha respectively. But, in Dhakmaar ISP, Mustang the yield of buck wheat remains unchanged at 1.5 mt/ha.
The Organizational arrangement aspect of the studied irrigation subprojects under IWRMP-OS in Western Development Region (WDR) has been assessed broadly under two sub-headings i.e. existing institutional arrangement and perception of beneficiary farmers towards present management system. The existing institutional arrangement has been examined on the basis of WUA registration, WUA office, WUA membership, bank account opening, WUA by laws and regulation landholding list and conduction of regular meetings. Similarly perception of beneficiary farmers toward existing WUA and executives also observed during field surveys.
In the studied five sub project, all WUAs are registered in respective division offices. Two of them have their WUA office i.e. in Motipur and Tamsariya ISP. WUAs have distributed and maintaind WUA memberships to all the beneficiary farmers in all sub projects except Motipur ISP. All five ISP have their bank accounts. All the subprojects conduct election for WUA executive committee members. All the subprojects have provision of regular meetings.
The perception of farmers towards the functioning of their WUAs is categorized based on their perceived satisfaction level as very highly satisfied, highly satisfied, moderate satisfaction, acceptable and not satisfied. About 50.61% farmers are moderately satisfied with their WUAs. Only 4.65% farmers have high satisfaction with WUA activities, while 16.97% farmers are not satisfied with the performance of existing WUA.
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
All five ISP have WUA By Laws and Regulation in written form. But, none of the ISP has mechanism of conflict resolution. These subprojects do not have the system of formulation of annual operation and maintenance plan; however canal operation and delivery scheduling is done on adhoc basis. Only Motipur ISP has appointed water guard for water distribution and control.
The farm inputs like seeds and fertilizers are readily available in the sub-project area. But, supports from the GO/NGO/INGO side are negligible. Few WUAs have received trainings on crop management and WUA management from their respective irrigation Offices but they are also deprived of trainings on soil and water management, exposure trainings and visits.
In an average around 94.14% of people have perceived increase in their house hold income due to increase in agriculture production. 78.70% of farmers have increased their expenditure on education for their children, while 15.12% and 1.5% farmers have increased their expenditure shares on health activities and purchase of durable goods respectively.
The impact in terms of water availability has been assessed in terms of water availability at all the reaches i.e. head, middle and tail end of the command area and emphasis was given to observe the improvement of water availability at tail end after rehabilitation of irrigation sub projects. According to the survey, 87.04% of respondents observed improvement in water availability. 64.55% of respondent from tail reaches perceived positive improvement in water availability.
Consultant conducted survey on farmer's satisfaction regarding the subprojects. The satisfaction is categorized into five groups namely very high satisfaction, high satisfaction, moderate satisfaction, acceptable and no satisfaction. It is found that the majority (52.78%) of respondents are moderately satisfied with the subproject. 5.25% respondents are highly satisfied and 16.05% are not satisfied with the project.
The sustainability aspect of the Subproject is picturized on the basis of Farmers participation in canal operation and maintenance, ISF Fee Collection, ISF rate, Annual Expenditure. It was found out that all the farmers of the study area have been involved in canal operation and maintenance. In Dhakmaar there was no provision of ISF, whereas all other subprojects has provision of ISF.
Consultant assessed the annual expenditure in terms of Cash and Kind incurred for the operation and maintenance of the canal system. Canal maintenance is carried out by voluntary labour contribution and WUA seek monetary funds from other sources i.e. no cash is collected for the purpose of canal maintenance. Unlikely, in Motipur ISP, a part of collected ISF is paid to the water guards they have recruited for canal operation.
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Impact evaluation is based on the project outcome indicators like improved irrigation, agricultural productivity, irrigated area (ha), cropping intensity (%), Percentage of tail enders reporting to improved water availability, percentage of WUA formally constituted and holding regular meeting together, percentage of WUA's collecting water charges required for adequate operation and maintenance, percent of WUA maintaining adequate account and cash register.
For the improved irrigation agricultural productivity the percentage increase in paddy, wheat, maize, and potato are 33.1, 42.5, 40.0, and 11.8 respectively. Percentage of WUAs formally constituted and holding regular meetings is 100, Percent of WUAs collecting water charges required for adequate operation and maintenance is 80, and Percent of WUAs maintaining appropriate account and cash register is also 100. The results of comparative study between the baseline data and present data collected in 2017 showed comparative increase in percentage. However, for percentage increase in agricultural productivity and Percent of WUAs collecting water charges required for adequate operation and maintenance couldn’t meet with the 2018 target set for the project.
The major issues and concerns expressed by the beneficiary farmers on the performance of the system are inadequate irrigation facility, lack of timely repair and maintenance, leaking main and distribution system etc. In addition, farmers also criticized against inadequate budget for repair and maintenance, lack of coordination between WUA and other support agency and lack of training to beneficiary farmers, and inadequacy of support services in terms of agricultural inputs.
Based on present study, it is recommended to give attention towards agriculture inputs delivery in the sub-project areas, develop mechanism of emergency maintenance fund and continue empowerment process of WUA even after completion of irrigation sub project.
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... i
ACRONYMS ...... ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... iv
TABLE OF CONTENT ...... ix
LIST OF TABLE ...... xi
LIST OF FIGURE ...... xiii
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 Background ...... 1
1.2 Objective and Scope of the Study ...... 2
1.3 Significance of the Study ...... 2
1.4 Structure of the Report ...... 3
1.5 Limitation of the study ...... 4
CHAPTER 2- THE PROJECT ...... 5
2.1 Irrigation & Water Resources Management PROJECT (IWRMP) ...... 5
2.2 Synopsis of Projects in Western Development Region under Original Scope ...... 5
2.3 Irrigation Sub-Project ...... 6
CHAPTER 3- APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF IMPACT STUDY ...... 7
3.1General Approach ...... 7
3.2 Study Design ...... 8
3.3 Review of documents...... 8
3.4 Data Collection ...... 9
3.5 Study tools and techniques: ...... 11
3.6 Analysis of Collected Data: ...... 14
CHAPTER 4- STUDY RESULTS ...... 15
4.1 Project Description ...... 15
4.2 Canal Systems and Major Structures ...... 17
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
4.3. Socio-Economic Aspects ...... 18
4.4. Agricultural Aspects ...... 29
4.5. Organizational Arrangement Aspect ...... 39
4.6. Water Allocation and Distribution ...... 44
4.7. Adequacy of Support Services ...... 46
4.8. Impacts ...... 50
4.9. Farmers Satisfaction...... 54
4.10. Sustainability Aspects ...... 55
4.11. Impact Evaluation Based on Project Key M& E Indicators ...... 57
CHAPTER 5- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 60
5.1. Conclusions ...... 60
5.2. Recommendations ...... 62
REFERENCES ...... 64
APPENDIX I-Household Questionnaire Survey ...... 65
APPENDIX II-Check list for FGD with WUA ...... 75
APPENDIX III-Check list for Key Informant Interviews ...... 90
APPENDIX IV- Inventory form ...... 92
APPENDIX V- List of Respondents of HH Survey ...... 96
APPENDIX VII- List of KII ...... 108
APPENDIX VIII- Field Photographs ...... 109
APPENDIX IX -Location Map of Sub-project selected for Impact Evaluation in Western Region ...... 115
APPENDIX X - Topo Map of Sub-project selected for Impact Evaluation in Western Region ...... 116
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
LIST OF TABLE Table 1: Completed Surface Irrigation Schemes under Original Scope of IWRMP, Western Development Region ...... 5 Table 2: List of Selected Representative Surface Irrigation Schemes for Study in WDR ...... 6 Table 3: Canal System structures of the ISP ...... 17 Table 4: Respondent Gender ...... 19 Table 5: Farm Location of Respondents ...... 19 Table 6: Age of Respondents ...... 20 Table 7: Family Composition of Respondents ...... 20 Table 8: Education of Respondents ...... 21 Table 9: Ethnicity of Respondents ...... 21 Table 10: Religion of Respondents ...... 22 Table 11: Occupation of Respondents ...... 22 Table 12: Food Sufficiency ...... 23 Table 13: On-Farm Income ...... 24 Table 14: Off-farm Income ...... 24 Table 15: Annual Income ...... 25 Table 16: Annual Expenditure ...... 26 Table 17: Expenditure by category ...... 28 Table 18: Percentage Land Size ...... 29 Table 19: Cropping Pattern of the Subprojects ...... 30 Table 20: Coverage of Monsoon Crops ...... 30 Table 21: Coverage of Winter Crops ...... 31 Table 22: Coverage of Spring Crops ...... 32 Table 23: Change in Cropping Intensity ...... 33 Table 24: Crop Yield of paddy ...... 35 Table 25: Crop Yield of Wheat ...... 35 Table 26: Crop Yield of Maize ...... 36 Table 27: Crop yield of Potato ...... 36 Table 28: Crop Yield of Pulses ...... 37 Table 29: Crop Yield of Vegetables ...... 37 Table 30: Crop yield of Buck Wheat ...... 38 Table 31: Crop Yield of Spring Paddy ...... 38 Table 32: Farm Machinery and Farm Tools ...... 39 Table 33: WUA Registration ...... 40 Table 34: WUA Office ...... 40 Table 35: WUA Membership ...... 41 Table 36: Bank Opening Account...... 41 Table 37: Election of WUA ...... 42 Table 38: Land holding List Availability...... 42 Table 39: Conduction of Regular Meetings ...... 42 Table 40: Perception towards Present Management System ...... 43 Table 41: Formulation of Annual O&M Plan ...... 44 Table 42: Water Operation and Delivery Schedule ...... 44 xi IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd. Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Table 43: Appointment of water guard ...... 45 Table 44: WUA By Laws and Regulation ...... 45 Table 45: Conflict Resolution Mechanism ...... 46 Table 46: Seeds Availability ...... 46 Table 47: Sources of Seeds ...... 47 Table 48: Fertilizer Availability ...... 47 Table 49: Sources of Fertilizer ...... 48 Table 50: Support from GO/NGO/INGO ...... 48 Table 51: Training and Visits ...... 49 Table 52: Types of Trainings ...... 49 Table 53: HH income increase from Agriculture production ...... 50 Table 54: Contribution on Education of the Child ...... 51 Table 55: Contribution on Health Aspect ...... 51 Table 56: Contribution on Durable Goods ...... 52 Table 57: Contribution on Household Repair ...... 52 Table 58: Reduction in Women's Drudgery ...... 53 Table 59: Water Availability...... 53 Table 60: Water availability at various farm location...... 54 Table 61: Farmers Satisfaction ...... 54 Table 62: Participation in canal O&M ...... 56 Table 63 : ISF Rates for various subprojects ...... 56 Table 64: ISF Collection in subprojects ...... 56 Table 65: Annual Expenditure ...... 57 Table 66: Comparative study of Project key M& E indicator with baseline data ...... 58
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LIST OF FIGURE Figure 1: General Approach of the Consultant ...... 7 Figure 2: Impact study design ...... 8 Figure 3: Respondent Gender ...... 19 Figure 4: Respondent Farm Location ...... 19 Figure 5: Age of Respondents ...... 20 Figure 6: Average Family Composition ...... 20 Figure 7: Education of Respondents ...... 21 Figure 8: Ethnicity of Respondents ...... 21 Figure 9: Religion of Respondents ...... 22 Figure 10: Occupation of Respondents ...... 22 Figure 11: Food Sufficiency ...... 23 Figure 12: On farm Income ...... 24 Figure 13: Off-farm Income ...... 25 Figure 14: Average Income ...... 25 Figure 15: Average Expenditure ...... 26 Figure 16: Percentage Expenditure ...... 26 Figure 17: Land Size ...... 29 Figure 18: Monsoon Coverage Crops ...... 31 Figure 19: Winter Coverage Crops...... 32 Figure 20: Spring Coverage Crops ...... 33 Figure 21: Change in Cropping Intensity ...... 34 Figure 22: Crop Yield of paddy ...... 35 Figure 23: Crop Yield of Wheat ...... 35 Figure 24: Crop Yield of Maize ...... 36 Figure 25: Crop yield of Potato ...... 36 Figure 26: Crop Yield of Pulses ...... 37 Figure 27 : Crop Yield of Vegetables ...... 37 Figure 28: Crop Yield of Buck Wheat ...... 38 Figure 29 Crop Yield of Spring Paddy ...... 38 Figure 30: Farm Machinery and Farm Tools ...... 39 Figure 31: WUA Registration ...... 40 Figure 32 : WUA Office ...... 40 Figure 33: WUA Membership ...... 41 Figure 34: Bank Account ...... 41 Figure 35: Election of WUA...... 42 Figure 36: Land Holding List ...... 42 Figure 37: Conduction of Regular Meetings ...... 42 Figure 38 : Perception towards Present Management System ...... 43 Figure 39: Formulation of Annual Operation and Maintenance Plan ...... 44 Figure 40: Water Operation and Delivery Schedule ...... 44 Figure 41: Appointment of Water Guard ...... 45 Figure 42: Water Bylaws and Regulation ...... 45 Figure 43: Conflict Resolution Mechanism ...... 46 xiii IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd. Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Figure 44: Seeds Availability ...... 46 Figure 45: Sources of Seeds ...... 47 Figure 46: Fertilizer Availability ...... 47 Figure 47: Sources of Fertilizer ...... 48 Figure 48: Support of GO/NGO/INGO ...... 48 Figure 49: Trainings and Visit ...... 49 Figure 50: Types of Trainings ...... 49 Figure 51: Contribution in HH income increase ...... 50 Figure 52: Contribution on education of child ...... 51 Figure 53: Contribution on Health Aspect ...... 51 Figure 54: Contribution on Durable Goods ...... 52 Figure 55: Contribution on Household Repair ...... 52 Figure 56: Reduction in Women's Drudgery ...... 53 Figure 57: Water availability at different farm location ...... 54 Figure 58: Farmers Satisfaction ...... 55 Figure 59: Participation in canal O&M ...... 56 Figure 60: ISF Collection ...... 56
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CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Agriculture is the main stay of the Nepalese Economy. It contributes about one-third of the country’s GDP and involves about two-thirds of its population. To raise the living standard of the people, it is evident that the improvement in agricultural is inevitable. To increase the agricultural production, in turn, the use of various inputs such as improved seeds, fertilizers, irrigation etc. are essential. Nepal has to modernize essentially in the agricultural fields of technology. Of the all factors of agricultural productivity, irrigation plays the vital role. Nepal has 2.64 million hectares (ha) of cultivable land and 66% of this land, i.e. 1.76 million ha, is irrigable. Around 60% of the irrigable land has some kind of irrigation facility, and less than one-third has round-the-year irrigation. The irrigated agriculture provides about 40 percent of the total food production of the country. Thus Irrigation has been established as the prime contributor for improved agricultural production establishing sustainable agriculture practice.
Realizing the importance of irrigation as means of agricultural production Government of Nepal (GoN) has been investing its resources not only in the construction of irrigation facilities but also to operate and maintain the system after their completion. The irrigation systems range from farmer managed small scale irrigation to larger scale surface systems and from individual shallow tube wells to community groundwater schemes. Its ultimate aim is to provide year round irrigation facilities and increase the irrigable area of the country to higher limits. Thus giving primary input in increasing land productivity and providing a major input to the GDP and eventually improve the living standards of the beneficiaries’ farmers.
Irrigation and Water Resource Management Project (IWRMP) under Original scope was implemented through F/Y 2064/65 to 2069/70 under the loan support from World Bank (WB) in 40 districts of Western, Mid-Western and Far-Western Development Region with an aim of reducing poverty and increasing agriculture production. Nine ground water sub-projects were undertaken and completed under original scope and those are now in operation.
In this context, IWRMP Office of the Project Directorate intends to carry out impact study of Different Irrigation Sub-Project located in Western Region, comprising all the three ecological belts and categories of subprojects, which was implemented under Original scope of IWRMP and has entrusted to Mannings Consult (P) Ltd to perform the study work. This Final Report is the job of consultant’s covering impact
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
evaluation of five irrigation sub projects in western development region and this report deals with the outcome of the desk study to assess the impacts of the sub-project which contains mainly the objective and scope of the study, proposed methodology of the study, findings of the intensive field survey and analysis of these findings in accordance with the requirements of the terms of references (TOR).
1.2 Objective and Scope of the Study
The main objective of the impact study to be earned out is to assess the impact outcomes of the project on target group farmers for sustainable agriculture development through surface irrigation system. On the basis of these points, the proposed task is specifically based on the following objectives:
Prepare the canal systems (main canal, branch canals and command area) map with GPS survey and evaluate the performance of existing systems. The overall output was carried out based on field survey and using GPS/GIS tools. Evaluation of the sub-project regarding whether targets were met or not in-terms of area of irrigated land, production and productivity of crops, overall social benefit from agriculture production and Fact findings about – The change in cropping intensity and productivity of crops as result of irrigation and improved agricultural practices. – The improvement in living standards of Water User Groups (WUGs) and beneficiaries after the project. – The adequacy of support service for project farmers and the attitude of beneficiaries towards project – The social impact (actual number of households benefitted, participation and involvement of women, poor families and under privileged ethnicity, water users groups etc.) – The existing institutional arrangement in management of the irrigation system – Other relevant information if any.
1.3 Significance of the Study The real effectiveness of the project design and strategies, policy, system and project impact cannot be properly evaluated without impact evaluation to understand how the project has succeed in achieving its defined goals and objectives, and providing the optimum benefits to the beneficiary groups. Especially impact evaluation gives transparency of pros and cons of the projects. It also aids to bring effectiveness in designing and formulating the forth-coming projects.
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
This study seeks for results of appropriateness and/or relevance of the project modality and term process, planning, and defined activities such as regularity, resource, mobilization, coordination and co-operation, institutional development, and strategies that required to be applied incoming days, roles of stake holders in terms of economy ,efficiency and effectiveness. Similarly, this study will become a guideline to achieve project goals and objectives for similar forthcoming irrigation projects. Besides, the construction work, it will also lead to the sustainable farming, income generation farm activities, environmental protection, disaster risk reduction and socio economic balance in the community.
1.4 Structure of the Report This Final Report of Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP is structured in five chapters and appendices:
The report starts with this introduction chapter with background of the project, its objectives, Significance of the study, structure of the final report along with limitation of the study.
Chapter two briefs the Project which includes the preliminary information about the project highlighting the synopsis of projects in Western Development Region under original scope and details of the irrigation subproject including location and command area.
Chapter three provides the approach and methodology of the impact study which includes the general approach, study design, review of documents and data collection, study tools and techniques and analysis of the collected data.
Chapter four provides the study results in the project which includes the details of the project along with its canal systems and major structures, socio-economic aspects, organizational arrangement aspects, water allocation and distribution, adequacy of support services, impacts on socioeconomic status and water availability due to project intervention, farmers satisfaction, sustainability aspects and impacts evaluation based on project key M& E indicators.
Chapter five provides the conclusion and recommendation observed through the study work.
References
Appendices, this report concludes with the appendices which include format for data collection, including household questionnaire survey, Checklist of FGD, KII, list of KII, respondents of HH survey,
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
location map of all five irrigation sub project, GIS Map showing canal system and its major structures along with the field photographs.
1.5 Limitation of the study At the given time and resources, the study has some limitations over the collection of data/information as well as over the analysis of the information. The limitations of this study are given as below:
● This evaluation is based on limited samples of different categories of project stakeholders due to time and resource constraint and might not be truly representing the actual beneficiaries.
● People are not aware about their financial transaction; and understate their level of income and overstate the level of expenditure.
● The analysis is mainly focused on comparing the changes on different aspects like socio -economic, agricultural and other aspects that have been brought in the system by the intervention of irrigation projects.
● Since the study was carried out in monsoon season, farmers are reluctant to provide information as they were busy in farming activities. Besides this field work was carried out during festive season in some Irrigation sub projects, famers were not really supportive in the questionnaires due to their festive feeling.
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CHAPTER 2- THE PROJECT 2.1 Irrigation & Water Resources Management PROJECT (IWRMP)
The Irrigation & Water Resources Management Project (IWRMP) under original scope was implemented by the Department of Irrigation (DOI), Government of Nepal. The project is funded by World Bank (WB) with contribution of the Government of Nepal and Water Users’ Association (WUA). The objectives of the project were to: (i) improve irrigation service delivery; and (ii) enhance sustainability and productivity of selected irrigation systems in Nepal. This will be done through (a) irrigation infrastructure development and improvement; (b) completion and consolidation of irrigation management transfer reforms; and (c) institutional and policy support for better water management and productivity. The realization of these objectives will be measured by: (1) improvement in indicators of irrigation service delivery; (2) greater collection and more effective use of water charges by WUAs; and (3) increase in farm income through improvements in crop yield, cropping intensity and diversification into higher value crops. The project was designed with four implementation components.
• Component A: Irrigation Infrastructure Development and Improvement • Component B: Irrigation Management Transfer • Component C: Institution and Policy Support for Improved Water Management • Component D: Integrated Crop and Water Management
A total of 128 irrigation schemes consisting of 9 ground water irrigation schemes and 119 Farmer’s managed Irrigation schemes (Surface water FMIS) were completed under the original scope (June, 2008- June 2016) of IWRMP Component A. IWRMP under the Additional Financing (AF) for the duration from June, 2016 to June 2018 is now under implementation and it consists of 106 subprojects that including 11 ground water irrigation schemes.
2.2 Synopsis of Projects in Western Development Region under Original Scope
The summary of the completed surface irrigation projects under OS in Western Development Region is as follows:
Table 1: Completed Surface Irrigation Schemes under Original Scope of IWRMP, Western Development Region
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Region Eco. Belt No. SPs CA(ha) HHs Populations Western Mountain 5 218 325 2,185 Hills 50 2,550 7,049 47,564 Terai 8 4,676 5,291 36,442 Total of
Region WDR 63 7,444 12,665 86,191
2.3 Irrigation Sub-Project
The summery of the surface irrigation projects under OS in Western Development Region undertaken for impact study is as follows:
Table 2: List of Selected Representative Surface Irrigation Schemes for Study in WDR
VDC/Wards District Eco. Category CA (ha.) HHs SN Name of Subproject Belt S/M 1 Dhakmaar Ghami 8&9 Mustang Mountain M 91 58
2 Polyangtar Siddha-8,9 Kaski Hill M 110 132
3 Chundikhola Bhanu-2 Tanahun Hill M 29 68
4 Motipur Khadwa Motipur, Semlar Rupendehi Terai M 1500 2642 VDC and Butwal Nagarpalika 13 5 Tamsariya Baruwa Tamsariya-6,7 Nawalparasi Terai M 217 270
Total 1946 3169
* S-Small, M-Medium
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CHAPTER 3- APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY OF IMPACT STUDY The detail approach and methodology adopted by consultant for the impact evaluation of irrigation sub project in Western region implemented under original scope of IWRMP is described as bellows.
3.1General Approach
The study approach and methodology of the impact evaluation study was carried out based on WHAT TO DO?
UNDERSTAND TOR - Project Objectives the scope of services of the study. The - Scope of Services - Tasks to be Performed Consultant's efforts during the assignment were - Specific Requirements comprehensively streamlined to meet the WHO WILL DO? HOW TO DO? objectives by covering scope of services outlined Deploy Competent TEAM Adopt Appropriate Assign roles and METHODOLOGY for: responsibilities for - Time Control in Terms of Reference. The Consultant feels that every emmber - Quality Control - Cost Control the timely completion of the present assignment
WITH THE HELP OF WHAT? WHEN TO DO? is extremely important in the overall Provide required FACILITIES Prepare WORK PLAN/SCHEDULE - Office/Support from Head Office and milestones with activities, - Transportation duration, dates implementation of the Impact study of Surface - Laboratory and equipmkent - Salaries and incentives Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Figure 1: General Approach of the Consultant western region. The inputs of professional manpower and resources were mobilized in order to carry out the evaluation activities as scheduled. The Consultant conducted coordination meetings with the Client agencies, local bodies, users’ committees and farmers. The following general approaches were pertinent and was followed during the service period: . Selection of those methods and technologies which have been tested and proven to be optimum and appropriate in successful on-going and past projects. . Application of an optimal combination of the methods and technologies based on practicality, Client's requirements, site-specific studies/analysis, and sound professional judgment. . Selection and mobilization of appropriate project personnel. . Close contact and effective co-ordination with the Client and with all concerned personnel and authorities. . Regular briefing to the Client and concerned personnel and authorities on the progress of the Study and problems connected thereto.
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. Full use of available and applicable reports, standards, maps/drawings, specification, other information for execution and completion of the proposed services in accordance with accepted professional standards and sound engineering and economic practices.
. Completion of the proposed services within the stipulated time and budget.
3.2 Study Design
The main theme of impact study was to compare socio economic, agricultural and technical performance scenario between pre-intervention and post intervention of the project with the baseline data. Thus, baseline study report was the key integral part of the study. The study was generally base on primary and secondary sources of data and information backed up by both quantitative and qualitative data and outputs planned through these surveys. The schematic design of the impact study is presented in graphical form figure 2.
Figure 2: Impact study design
3.3 Review of documents
The main purpose of review of literature, previous reports and studies was to be aware of existing plans and policies of the government to address the issues of new irrigation development and feasibility study, past
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experience in hill irrigation planning and implementation, and to collect data and information to best interpreting the study. The main reports and studies which were reviewed are:
Legal and Policy documents:
. Water Resources Strategy 2002,
. National Water Plan 2005,
. Water Resources Act 1992,
. Interim Plan 2011-13,
. Irrigation Policy 2070,
Past Reports and Studies
. Impact study of Sunsari-Morang Irrigation Project,
. Baseline study of IWRM subprojects,
. Project Appraisal Document
. Other reports on the impact study,
3.4 Data Collection
The data collection was one of the main activities of impact study which involved the collection of primary and secondary data from the field survey.
3.4.1 Primary Data Collection
Primary data from field was assessed with Enumeration of the target group, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key informant interview (KII).Details of it is described as bellows. a) Enumeration of the target group: The structured questionnaire was used for the collection of primary quantitative data and information for interviewing the beneficiaries of the project intervention areas. The questionnaire covered the demographic status of the target groups including, structure of the community, ethnicity diversion, social inclusion and impact on socio economic status. Approach to the natural resources, agriculture & livelihood assets and facilities from the community structures were also collected through the target group. For this following sampling methods and sample size was taken during field study
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Sampling and Sample Size
The consultant conducted Random Sampling Design to draw the sample size of the area. For this the entire system in irrigation systems was divided into head, middle and tail reaches and representative samples was selected proportionately from each of those reaches. Representative sample from each of the reach also consisted of small holding land size to larger land holding sized farmer. Such criteria adopted during the selection of households for questionnaire survey represented all reaches and categories of beneficiaries and gave representative picture of the impact by the irrigation project in existing area. Minimum Ten percent sample from total population size in the command area of irrigation systems was selected for household survey.
1. Dhakmaar ISP, Mustang
Total no. of household = 58
Sample size = 10 % of 58
= 6 nos. (8 taken)
2. Polyangtar ISP, Kaski
Total no. of household = 132
Sample size = 10 % of 132
= 13 nos. (13 taken)
3. Chundi Khola ISP, Tanahu
Total no. of household = 68
Sample size = 10 % of 68
= 7 nos. (8 taken)
4. Motipur Khaduwa ISP, Rupandehi
Total no. of household = 2642
Sample size = 10 % of 2642
=264 nos. (266 taken)
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5. Tamasariya Baruwa ISP, Nawalparasi
Total no. of household = 270
Sample size = 10 % of 270
= 27 nos. (27 taken)
Appendix I was used for Household survey. b) Focus Group Discussion (FGD): A group discussion was carried out with Water user association, elites with fair representation ward/ethnicity, stakeholders. For this, semi-structured questionnaire attached in appendix II was used. c) Key informant interview (KII): A semi-structured questionnaire was used for interviewing the project personnel, Users Committee personnel, Government bodies, related NGO/INGO, and the stakeholders of Projects. Appendix III was used for key informant interview.
3.4.2 Secondary Data Collection
Secondary data information like feasibility study and base line survey reports, monitoring reports, other related records/documents, , annual plans and programs was collected from related offices.
3.5 Study tools and techniques:
Following study tools and techniques were adopted for impact study:
3.5.1. Questionnaire Survey:
The questionnaire covered all stated variables provided in terms and references as to get quick answer of the key issues relevant to the impact study and the same was finalized after discussion with the Clients. Checklist for the household respondent was prepared to collect the basic existing information of the project site settlement. Questionnaire survey consisted of personal details of the beneficiaries, landholding status, food security and livelihood situation, major crops grown and their production, their involvement in operation and maintenance of irrigation sub project, adequacy of support services for agricultural input, Perception towards existing water users association, Satisfaction after project intervention and impact on their socioeconomic condition after project intervention. The details breakdown of the questionnaire survey checklist is mentioned in Appendix I.
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3.5.2. Focus Group Discussion (FGD):
In this case FGD was used to determine the changes brought by the program, future drive of the program, the existing problems and lacunae, institutional capability, level of participation, sustainability, efficiency and level of satisfaction from stakeholders and project personnel. In broad sense, it is an overall evaluation of the project was based on the discussion with the focus group. Representative questions like, how the rehabilitation work of irrigation has mitigated the problems? How the gaps are fulfilled, does the project able to realize the need of the beneficiaries. What are the remarkable changes relating to the projects? From the group conclusion logical decision were made about the most significant impact. The details of the FGD questionnaire are mentioned in Appendix II
3.5.3. In-depth Interview:
In depth interview of a few key informants (WUA members, projects officials, officials of division office of irrigation and DADOs officials) was taken to cross verify FGD outcomes in order to deduce solicit information of the program and program area including institutional capability and sustainability. Also recommendation from the official body was taken to identify the further consideration that should be implemented during the rehabilitation process.
KII was conducted by enumerators and supervisors using pre-structured questionnaires and was conducted with the user groups. The result attained from the enumerators was cross checked and verified and minimized errors for improving data quality. The consultant conducted KII with the members of the water user group to find out: Performance and condition of the existing system Cropping intensity and productivity Social aspect of agriculture production Socio-economic status of farmers Institutional aspects of WUA Other relevant information Details questionnaire for in-depth interview were listed in Appendix III.
3.5.4. Rapid Appraisal for inventory of irrigation structures
The major purpose of Rapid Appraisal for inventory of irrigation structures was to identify what could be done to improve project performance. The Inventory will help to get the general information regarding
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different structure of the project, and their current status and Specific weakness in project operation, management, resources, hardware and specific modernization action that could be taken to improve project performance. For this Appendix-IV was used.
3.5.5. Direct Observations of sites:
The main objectives of the field visit was to assess the existing irrigation system, data collection, observation, focused group discussion, meetings with project office, meeting and discussion with Water User committee and other stakeholders. The field team verified the data collected during the desk study stage, seek additional data and also carried out observation in the field data and information relating to the issues as mentioned in ToR. The study team headed by Team Leader- Agro-economist, Irrigation Engineer and Sociologist visited Irrigation Project Office and its field offices and interacted with Office in- Charges, technicians, concern officials, farmers and Water User Association officials. The interaction focused on procedures adopted so far in project identification, implementation, monitoring etc. Other aspects such as role of WUA in project process, level of their participation, linkages and coordination with stakeholders was also discussed. The team carried out the discussion, meetings, mini-workshop, observation, technical audit and interaction with Water User's Committee in order to identify the fact finding about the change in cropping intensity and productivity of crops as result of irrigation and improved agricultural practice. Consultant also enquired about the improvement in living standards of Water User Groups (WUGs) and beneficiaries after the project, facts about the adequacy of support service for project farmers and the attitude of beneficiaries towards project, social impact, existing institutional arrangement in management of the irrigation systems and other relevant information if any. During field survey the entire project area was delineated by the intensive field visit. Precise GPS tracking survey was done for the delineation of project area by walking in the field covering all command area, irrigation system structures and canal system. The field survey was conducted to record various positions of irrigation structure connected to the canal alignment and branch canal and main canal for geo-referencing purposes. The GPS receiver used in the survey gives an accuracy of 1- 2.5 meters. Creating the way points or positioning of GPS marking was done at physical infrastructures, canal structures like siphon, bridge, escapes, command area, sub command areas etc. of irrigation system. Through the use of available handheld GPS units that allow the user to save each observation positions (waypoints), which can be exported later to a file for processing once the fieldwork was complete. GPS were set to an appropriate
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coordinate system for our mapping work and thus obtained positions was stored and later processed and interpreted through suitable mapping tools. The evaluation was carried out based on whether targets were met or not in-terms of area of irrigated land, production and productivity of crops, overall social benefit from agriculture production. The Consultants visited both districts and concern institutions in order to collect the secondary data and information.
3.6 Analysis of Collected Data:
Various information and data were collected from household questionnaire survey, key informant interview and focus group discussion and kept in sequential order. Study groups collected data of different respondent-sex group, ethnical group, educational group and key informants. Data was compared and contrast by using the necessary process and statistical tabulation techniques. Data processing techniques followed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis based on the objectives and goals of the project research. During analysis major focus was given on the remarkable changes contributed by the rehabilitating work. Changes in production before and after the project, sustainability indicators, progressive socio-economic status, employment and reduction in drudgery, each heading was analyzed based on the different survey data evaluating methods.
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CHAPTER 4- STUDY RESULTS
The result of Impact study of five irrigation sub project implemented under original scope of IWRMP in western region includes the Canal System and major structures, various socio economic aspect, agricultural aspect, organizational arrangement aspect, water allocation and distribution, the adequacy of support services for project enhancement, impacts of subproject, Farmers perception and satisfaction towards the project, the sustainability aspect and impact evaluation based on project key monitoring and evaluation indicators.
4.1 Project Description
Dhakmaar ISP, Mustang
The Dhakmaar Irrigation Sub-project is the sub-project requested by farmers. It lies in Ghami VDC-8 & 9 of Mustang district. This is a rehabilitation irrigation project funded under original scope of IWRMP. The proposed project lies in higher Himalaya zone. This zone has been a food deficit area historically, due to mono crop cultivation system, low rainfall and inaccessible conventional transport facilities. Irrigation system has become an integral part of their life due to these hardships. The elevation of intake level is 4000 meter from mean sea level. The proposed command area of this project mainly consists of leveled terraces. Its slope ranges from 5 to 20 degrees with sufficient soil depth and is suitable for irrigated agriculture. Currently, farmers grow wheat, buckwheat, potatoes and seasonal vegetables.
The Dhakmaar ISP consists of two canal system: Upper and Lower system, from different water sources in order to irrigate the entire command area of 91 hectare. The lower canal system is approximately 1.8 km long irrigating 46 hectare of command area from the Chekya River. Similarly, the source of upper canal system is Mulunga River; the canal is approximately 1.2 km long irrigating 45 ha of gross command area.
Polyangtar ISP, Kaski
The Polyangtar Irrigation Sub-Project was implemented under IWRMP-OS in Western region of Nepal. It provides irrigation facility to 110 ha of cultivable land in Chhapakha, Polyangtar, Siddha VDC-9 of Kaski district. The main source of the water lies near Kamalkote and Archale villages. This project was a rehabilitation project which involved lining of canals, regarding and reshaping of the structures. This irrigation canal is approximately 5.8 km in length out of which approx 40% was lined by the project.
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The command area of the project is mostly leveled top terraces whose slope range from 5 to 10 degrees. The area lies in the high rainfall zone and therefore has been historically a food sufficient area. The farmers cultivate with different varieties of paddy (Mansuli, Radha, Sabitri, etc.) along with maize and wheat.
Chundikhola ISP, Tanahu
Chundi Khola Irrigation Sub-Project was implemented under IWRMP-OS in the Western region of Nepal. This is the rehabilitation project requested by the farmers of Bhanu VDC-2 of Tanahu district. The rehabilitation started on 2069-1-5 B.S. and completed on 2071-03-25 B.S. The main source of the ISP is Chundi Khola which had the flow rate of 960 l/s.
The project irrigates 29 ha of command area and directly benefits 68 households. The net command area is mostly plain terrain which includes about 60% of the agricultural land, 30% forest and 10% barren land at the time of this study. The approximate length of the canal is 1km and idle length of 64m with 1 super passage of length 12m. The main canal of this project has 3branches.
Tamsariya-Baruwa ISP , Nawalparasi
Tamsariya –Baruwa ISP is one of the major rehabilitation projects conducted by IWRMP in Nawalparasi district in Western Region. The main source of the canal is a perennial river named as Giruwari river. The irrigation system was initially constructed in 1972 B.S. This project involved improvement in the canal system and diversion headwork which is constructed with gabion wall weir to enable water supply to the canal in winter season.
The irrigation project supplies water to net command area of 217 ha which consists of mostly plain land area with minimal slope. The head region of the ISP lies in Tamsariya, middle region in Baruwa and the tail region in Hardiya.The major crops for this area is paddy, wheat and maize .Pulses like lentils and rahar, oil seed like mustard and some vegetables like potato are also cultivated in small areas of the total land.
Motipur-Khadwa ISP, Rupandehi
Motipur-Khadwa Irrigaion Sub project is one of sub projects conducted by IWRMP in Rupandehi district. It facilitates the farmers of Motipur VDC Ward No. 1 to 8, Semalar VDC Ward No.7 and wards no 14 of Butwal municipality. The net command area (NCA) is 1500 ha and gross command area (GCA) is 1700 ha. The project is capable to irrigate 70% of the NCA while rest 30% depends upon rain water and ground water for irrigation needs. The length of the main canal is 17 km which has 14 branches.
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The major crop during monsoon is paddy. In winter season, wheat, mustard and pulses are cultivated while in spring season, maize is the major crop.
4.2 Canal Systems and Major Structures
The inventory of major structures with demarcation in GPS has been carried out during field survey and transformed into Geographic Information System (GIS) and finally the canal system with command area having various structures constructed in field has been prepared in GIS Map.
Table 3 shows the canal system structures of the mentioned ISP under Impact Study of the component -A of IWRMP in western region implemented under the original scope.
Table 3: Canal System structures of the ISP
SN Structures Dhakmaar Polyangtar Chundi Khola Tamsariya- Motipur- ISP, Mustang ISP, Kaski ISP, Tanahun Baruwa ISP, Khadwa ISP, Nawalparasi Rupandehi
1 Intake 3 3 2 1 1
2 Drop Structure 2 None none none none
3 Aqueduct none 4 none none none
4 Superpassage 3 9 1 none none
5 VRB/ FB 1 none none 5 11+10
6 HR none 1 none 1 1
7 ESCAPE 4 4 none none none
8 OUTLETS 17 4 5 NA NA
9 CULVERT 1 none none none none
10 Division box none none 2 14 10
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11 Crossing none none none none none
12 Harvesting 1 none none none none pond
13 Piping none none 75m none none
14 Canal system 400m 2930m 195m lined 1070m Lined 950m Lined (0.5*0.5), Earthen canal 1150m (0.4*0.4), 450m Unlined
The GIS maps showing all the canal structures with command area are presented in Appendix IX.
4.3. Socio-Economic Aspects
The socio-economic aspects has been assessed through gender of respondents, farm location, age, family composition, education, ethnic composition, and religious composition, occupation, food sufficiency and annual income and expenditure of the respondents.
4.3.1. Gender Status of Respondents
Even with consultant continuous effort on gender balance in impact assessment survey, most of the respondents are male with an average of 60.19% and rest 39.81% are female. All the respondents in ChundiKhola ISP, Tahanun is male and there are no female respondents during household survey. (Table 4, Figure 3)
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Table 4: Respondent Gender Figure 3: Respondent Gender SN Sub Projects Respondent Gender (%) Respondent Gender Male Female Male 1 Dhakmaar ISP 70 30 2 Polyangtar ISP 69.2 30.8 39.81% Female 3 Chundikhola ISP 100 0 60.19% 4 Motipur Kadwa 56.8 43.2 ISP 5 Tamsariya 74.1 25.9 Baruwa ISP Total 60.19 39.81
4.3.2. Farm location of Respondents
Consultants have tried to balance the respondents from all parts of the command area from head, middle and tail. In average, there are 32.41 % respondents from head, 33.64% of respondents from middle, and 33.95% from tail part of command area. (Table 5, Figure 4)
Table 5: Farm Location of Respondents Figure 4: Respondent Farm Location SN Sub Projects Location (%) Respondent Farm Location Head Middle Tail 1 Dhakmaar ISP 20.00 40.00 40.00 Head 2 Polyangtar ISP 23.10 23.10 53.80 33.95% 32.41% 3 Chundikhola ISP 37.50 37.50 25 4 MotipurKadwa ISP 34.6 33.5 32.0 Middle 5 Tamsariya Baruwa 18.50 37 44.40 33.64% Tail ISP Total 32.41 33.64 33.95
4.3.3. Age of Respondents
Consultants have selected appropriate age of respondents for questionnaire survey, keeping in mind the information required from them. The average age selection of respondents is between 15-60 years is 92.28% and above 60 years is 7.72%. (Table 6, Figure 5)
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Table 6: Age of Respondents Figure 5: Age of Respondents SN Sub Projects Age Group (%) Age of Respondents (0-15) (15-60) (+60 ) 7.72% Year Year years 0-15 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0 100 0 years 2 Polyangtar ISP 0 69.20 30.80 3 Chundikhola ISP 0 62.50 37.50 (15-50) 4 Motipur Kadwa 0 94.00 6.00 years ISP 92.28% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa 0 92.30 7.70 above ISP 60 years Total 0 92.28 7.72
4.3.4. Family Composition of Respondents
The average family size is found to be 6.28, higher than national average, whereas male family members 57.33 % and female family members 42.67 % in respondent household in western development region. (Table 7, Figure 6)
Table 7: Family Composition of Respondents Figure 6: Average Family Composition SN Sub Projects Average Family Size(nos.) members (%) Average family members Male Female 1 Dhakmaar ISP 7.00 57.10 42.90 Male 2 Polyangtar ISP 6.77 51.10 48.90 3 Chundikhola ISP 6.38 47.10 52.90 42.67% 4 MotipurKadwa 6.32 58.90 41.10 57.33% Female ISP 5 TamsariyaBaruwa 5.44 46.30 52.40 ISP Total 6.28 57.33 42.67
4.3.5. Education of Respondents
In context of education, in average, the total number of respondent who are illiterate are 14.81%, literate are 42.90%, upto SLC are32.10% and higher education are 10.19%. Among the respondents within an ISP, illiterate respondents are maximum in Dhakmaar ISP, Mustang i.e. 50 % and least 7.41% in Tamsariya Baruwa ISP, Nawalaparasi. (Table 8, Figure 7)
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Table 8: Education of Respondents Figure 7: Education of Respondents
S Sub Projects Education of respondents (%) Education Illiterate N 10.19 Illiterate Literate Upto Higher % SLC Education 14.81 Literate 1 Dhakmaar ISP 50.0 0 30.0 20.0 % 2 Polyangtar ISP 23.10 61.50 0 15.40 3 Chundikhola ISP 25.0 25 12.50 37.50 32.10 Upto SLC % 4 MotipurKadwa 13.53 46.99 30.83 8.65 42.90 ISP % Higher 5 Tamsariya 7.41 14.81 66.67 11.11 Education Baruwa ISP Total 14.81 42.90 32.10 10.19
4.3.6. Ethnic Composition of Respondent
The ethnic composition is categorized into three groups: Brahmin / Chettri, Janjati and Dalit. In average,Janjati covered 47.22% followed by Brahmin/Chetri at 46.6%, Dalit at 4.63% and others at 1.54 %.In Dhakmaar ISP, all the respondents are under the Janjati ethnicity.( Table 9, Figure 8)
Table 9: Ethnicity of Respondents Figure 8: Ethnicity of Respondents S Sub Ethnicity (%) Ethnicity Janjati N Projects Brahmin/ Janajati Dalit Others 4.63% 1.54% Chhetri Brahmin/Che 1 Dhakmaar 0 100 0 0 ttri ISP Dalit 2 Polyangtar 7.69 92.31 0.0 0.0 ISP 47.22% 3 Chundikhol 87.50 0 12.50 0.00 a ISP 46.60% 4 Motipur 48.5 46.6 4.9 0.0 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 51.9 25.9 3.7 18.5 Baruwa ISP Total 46.60 47.22 4.63 1.54
4.3.7. Religion of Respondents
The religion of respondents has been categorized into Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, Christian and Others. The average of the religion of respondent’s is Hindu with 96.3%, followed by Buddhist with 3.09% and Muslim and Christian are equally categorized with 0.31%. (Table 10, Figure 9) 21 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
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Table 10: Religion of Respondents Figure 9: Religion of Respondents SNo Sub-Projects Religious Components % Religious composition Hindu Buddhist Muslim Christian 0.31% 3.09% 0.31% Hindu
1 Dhakmaar 0.0 100.0 0 0.0 ISP Buddhist 2 Polyangtar 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 ISP 3 Chundikhola 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Muslim ISP 4 Motipur 99.25 0.00 0.38 0.38 Kadwa ISP 96.3% 5 Tamsariya 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Christian Baruwa ISP Total 96.30 3.09 0.31 0.31
4.3.8. Occupation of Respondents
Survey shows that majority of population are involved in agriculture (74.38%) and 13.58% in service and 12.04% in business.
In Dhakmaar ISP all the respondents are dependent in agriculture, whereas in Tamsariya Baruwa ISP only 66.7% depend on agriculture. (Table 11, Figure 10)
Table 11: Occupation of Respondents Figure 10: Occupation of Respondents SN Sub Projects Occupation % Occupation Agriculture Service Business 1 Dhakmaar ISP 100 0 0 12.04% 2 Polyangtar ISP 84.60 15.40 0 Agriculture 3 Chundikhola ISP 87.50 12.50 0 13.58% 4 Motipur Kadwa 73.3 13.2 13.5 Service ISP 74.38% 5 Tamsariya 66.70 22.20 11.10 Business Baruwa ISP Total 74.38 13.58 12.04
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4.3.9. Food sufficiency
Food sufficiency is measured to check if the on-farm agriculture products are sufficient enough for household consumption.
The average food sufficiency of the study area is 78.40 % and insufficiency is 21.60%. In Dhakmaar ISP, none of the respondents had food sufficiency. (Table 12, Figure 11)
Table 12: Food Sufficiency Figure 11: Food Sufficiency SN Sub Projects Food Sufficiency (%) Food Sufficiency Yes No 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0 100.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 76.92 23.08 21.60% yes 3 Chundikhola ISP 75 25.00 4 MotipurKadwa ISP 81.20 18.80 no 5 TamsariyaBaruwa 81.48 18.52 78.40% ISP Total 78.40 21.60
4.3.10. Annual Income
The source of annual income of the respondents farmers included both on-farm and off-farm income. The details of on-farm and off- farm income are described as follows.
4.3.10.1. On-Farm Income
The on farm income was mainly categorized into income from food grains, livestock product and fruits and vegetable. On farm income here means income by selling products which are excess of their household consumption. In average 69.31% of total On-farm income is from food grains, 23.90% from livestock’s and remaining 6.79% from horticulture products. (Table 13, Figure 12)
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Table 13: On-Farm Income Figure 12: On farm Income On-Farm income On farm Income From Average Food From From on farm SN Sub Projects grains Livestocks Horticultue income 6.79% Dhakmaar 1 ISP 1000 8500.0 6750 16250 From Foodgrains Polyangtar 2 ISP 76.92 8538.5 0 8615.4 23.90 Chundikhola % From 3 ISP 20000 20625.0 0 40625 69.31 Livestocks Motipur % 4 Kadwa ISP 27894.7 7793.2 2713.9 38401.8 Tamsariya From Horticulture 5 Baruwa ISP 38518.5 20111.11 2092.6 60722.2 Total 26638.89 9188.27 2610.80 38437.96 69.31 23.90 6.79 Total (%)
4.3.10.2. Off Farm Income
The off-farm income is categorized into various classes of services, labor, pension, rent received, business and remittance. In average Labor income is maximum i.e 28.7% followed Remittance 28.2%, Business 18.2%, Service 17.7%, Pension 7.01% and Rent 0.1%. (Table 14, Figure 13)
Table 14: Off-farm Income Off-Farm income S N Sub Projects Services Labor Pension Rent Business Remittance Average 1 Dhakmaar ISP 10000 45000 1000 3000 0 0 59000 2 Polyangtar ISP 18461.5 48846.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 26923.1 94230.8 3 Chundikhola ISP 15000 39375 0 0 0 0 54375 Motipur Kadwa 4 ISP 10575.2 17748.1 5733.1 0.00 13691.7 20774.4 68522.6 Tamsariya 5 Baruwa ISP 22592.6 6296.3 0.00 0.00 12222.2 11111.1 52222.2 Total 11984.6 19416.7 4737.7 92.59 12259.3 19061.7 67552.5 Total (%) 17.7 28.7 7.01 0.1 18.2 28.2 100
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Figure 13: Off-farm Income
Off-Farm Income
Services 17.74% 28.22% Labor Penson Rent Received 28.74% Business 18.15% Remittance
7.01% 0.14%
In average the total annual average income is NRs.105990.43 in which Tamsariya Baruwa ISP has the largest annual income i.e. NRs.112944.44 and Dhakmaar ISP has the lowest i.e.NRs.75250. (Table 15, Figure 14)
Table 15: Annual Income Figure 14: Average Income Average Average Income(NRs.) SN Sub Projects income(NRs.) 150000 1 Dhakmaar ISP 75250 100000 2 Polyangtar ISP 102846.15 50000 3 Chundikhola ISP 95000 0 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 106924.44 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 112944.44 Total 105990.43 Average Income
4.3.11. Annual Expenditure The average annual expenditure of the respondent farmers on average is found to be NRs. 75194.4. In which Tamsariya Baruwa ISP has the largest annual expenditure i.e. NRs.89888.9 and Chundikhola ISP has the lowest i.e.NRs.77653.8 (Table 16, Figure 15)
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Table 16: Annual Expenditure Figure 15: Average Expenditure SN Sub Projects Average Average Expenditure Expenditure (NRs.) 100000 1 Dhakmaar ISP 69050.0 2 Polyangtar ISP 77653.8 50000
3 Chundikhola ISP 64062.5 0 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 74148.5 5 Tamsariya Baruwa 89888.9 ISP Total 75194.4 Average Expenditure
Consultant further enquired the annual expenditure of the respondents' farmers in terms of education, health, agricultural products, clothes, social work, festivals, agricultural tools, livestock purchase, loan interest paid, rent paid, irrigation maintenance, household and land purchase, and total expenditure. (Table 17, Figure 16).
Figure 16: Percentage Expenditure
0.66% Expenditure 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.32% Education 8.15% health 21.51% Agricultural Products 12.29% Clothes 1.65% 10.35% Social Work 17.42% Ceremonies Agricultural Tools 25.65% Livestock Purchace
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Table 17: Expenditure by category SN Sub Expenditure on Projects Education Health Agricultural Clothes Social Ceremonies Agricultural Livestock Loan Rent Irrigation House andTotal products Work /Festivals tools Purchase Interest Paid Maintenance Land Expenditure paid Purchase 1 Dhakmaar 8400 3700 31500 10300 1400 6200 1850 5700 0 0 0 0 69050 ISP 2 Polyangtar 11846.15 5230.77 32692.31 10153.85 1076.92 8923.08 1615.38 5615.38 0.00 0.00 500.00 0.00 77653.85 ISP
3 Chundikhola 13250 6750 12875 9125 1250 13000 1812.5 5000 0 0 1000 0 64062.5 ISP 4 Motipur 15796.99 7434.59 18928.57 13191.73 1212.03 9251.88 1734.96 6097.74 0.00 0.00 500.00 0 74148.50 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 25740.74 14259.26 13777.78 15814.81 1500.00 9259.26 1833.33 7203.70 0.00 0.00 500.00 0 89888.89 Baruwa ISP Total 16175.9 7782.7 19290.1 13098.8 1237.3 9237.7 1743.8 6131.2 0.0 0.0 496.9 0 75194.4
Expenditure (%) (%) 21.51 10.35 25.65 17.42 1.65 12.29 2.32 8.15 0 0.0 0.66 0
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4.4. Agricultural Aspects
The Agricultural aspects of the subprojects has been assessed through land holding and land size, cropping patterns, coverage of crops, cropping intensity, crop yield and crop production, farm machinery and farm tools.
4.4.1. Land Holding and Land Size
The land size of respondent farmers in different sub project is studied into four categories during field study namely landless farmer, land holding less than 0.5 ha, land holding greater than 0.5 ha and less than 1 ha and land holding greater than 1 ha. In western development regeion, the farm land holding size under 4 categories is found to be landless (0.62%), below 0.5 ha (47.84 %), 0.5 to 1 ha (39.2%) and above 1 ha (12.35%). The average land holding size is found to be 0.62 ha, higher than national average farm size of 0.5 ha. The maximum average landholding is in Dhakmaar ISP i.e 1.35 ha and minimum average landholding size is 0.24 ha in Polyangtar ISP. (Table 18, Figure 17)
Table 18: Percentage Land Size Figure 17: Land Size SN Sub Projects Land Size (Ha) (%) Avrg 0.62% Land size (ha) 0 (0-0.5) (0.5-1) >1 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.0 30.0 50.0 20.0 1.35 12.35% 2 Polyangtar ISP 0.0 92.3 7.7 0.0 0.24 <0 3 Chundikhola ISP 12.5 75.0 12.5 0.0 0.25 0-0.5 4 MotipurKadwa 0.00 46.99 39.10 13.91 0.63 47.84% 0.5-1 ISP 39.20% 5 Tamsariya 3.7 33.3 59.3 3.7 0.55 >1 Baruwa ISP Total 0.62 47.84 39.20 12.35 0.62
4.4.2. Cropping patterns
Most of the respondent farmers are found to cultivate their land during monsoon season regardless of availability of irrigation facility and winter crops are also grown in most of the cultivated land. However, only few crops are grown during spring season. Basically cropping pattern adopted by the farmers within the study area is paddy – wheat/ potato/ mustard/ pulses- Maize. However, in Dhakmaar ISP paddy is not cultivated. (Table 19)
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Table 19: Cropping Pattern of the Subprojects
SN Sub Projects Cropping Pattern
1 Dhakmaar ISP Wheat/ Buckwheat/Potato/Mustard/Pulses
2 Polyangtar ISP Paddy/Pulses - Wheat/Potato/Vegetables – Maize
3 Chundikhola ISP Paddy - Potato/Mustard/Vegetables - Maize/Paddy
4 Motipur Kadwa ISP Paddy - Wheat/Potato/Mustard/Pulses - Maize/Vegetables
5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP Paddy - Wheat/Mustard/Pulses – Maize
4.4.3. Coverage of Crops
-Monsoon season- % area of major crops
In sampled areas, the coverage of monsoon crop is dominated by paddy (91.71%), followed by pulses except in Dhakmaar ISP. The coverage of vegetable is negligible in all the subprojects. Pulses coverage is 10.20% in Polyangtar ISP and negligible in other subprojects. (Table 20, Figure 18)
Table 20: Coverage of Monsoon Crops SN Sub Projects Monsoon Coverage (%) Paddy Pulses Total 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0 2 Polyangtar ISP 85.20 10.20 95.40 3 Chundikhola ISP 97.40 97.40 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 97.10 97.10 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 97.80 97.80 Total 91.71 0.16 91.87
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Figure 18: Monsoon Coverage Crops Monsoon Crops 120
100
80
60
40 Percentage Coverage 20
0 Chundikhola Motipur Kadwa Tamsariya Dhakmaar ISP Polyangtaar ISP Total ISP ISP Baruwa ISP Pulses 0 10.2 0 0 0 0.16 Paddy 0 85.2 97.4 97.1 97.8 91.71
-Winter season
In winter season, the dominant crop is wheat followed by potato, mustard, pulses and vegetables. In Dhakmaar, these crops are negligible. In an average, wheat covered 43.5%, potato 15.89%, mustard 14.65%, pulses 9.80% and vegetables covered 0.29%. (Table 21, Figure 19)
Table 21: Coverage of Winter Crops SN Sub Projects Winter Coverage (%) Wheat Potato Mustard Pulses Vegetables Total 1 Dhakmaar ISP 2 Polyangtar ISP 37.50 16.40 10.90 64.80 3 Chundikhola ISP 24.40 43.60 11.53 79.53 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 47.40 18.20 14.40 9.20 89.20 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 37.90 27.50 27.10 92.50 Total 43.50 15.89 14.65 9.80 0.29 84.13
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Figure 19: Winter Coverage Crops
Winter Crops 100
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Percentage Coverage 10 0 Motipur Tamsariya Dhakmaar Polyangtar Chundikhola Total Kadwa Baruwa Vegetables 10.9 11.53 0.29 Pulses 9.2 27.1 9.8 Mustard 43.6 14.4 27.5 14.65 Potato 16.4 24.4 18.2 15.89 Wheat 37.5 47.4 37.9 43.5
-Spring season
In the sampled areas, the coverage of the spring crop is dominated in average by maize (36.09%) followed by wheat (2.30%), Buck wheat (1.55%), vegetables (0.93%), potato (0.56%), Paddy (0.5%), Mustard (0.45%) and least with Pulses (0.21%). (Table 22, Figure 20)
Table 22: Coverage of Spring Crops SN Sub Projects Spring Coverage (%) Maize Paddy Vege- Wheat Buck- Potato Pulses Mustard Total tables wheat 1 Dhakmaar 42.36 28.70 10.42 3.94 8.33 93.80 ISP 2 Polyangtar 62.50 62.50 ISP 3 Chundikhola 35.90 51.30 87.20 ISP 4 Motipur 37.40 1.10 38.50 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 41.80 41.80 Baruwa ISP Total 36.09 0.50 0.93 2.30 1.55 0.56 0.21 0.45 42.60 32 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
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Figure 20: Spring Coverage Crops
Spring Crops
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
Percentage Coverage 10 0 Dhakmaar Polyangtar Chundikhola Motipur Tamsariya Total Mustard 8.3 0.45 Pulses 3.9 0.21 Potato 0.56 Buck Wheat 28.7 1.55 Wheat 42.4 2.3 Vegetables 1.1 0.93 Paddy 51.3 0.5 Maize 62.5 35.9 37.4 41.8 36.09
4.4.4. Cropping Intensity
Cropping intensity is one of the measures used to justify the investment made for the irrigation infrastructure. The existing cropping intensity of the subprojects is 218.60% in average with lowest of 93.8% in the Dhakmaar ISP and the maximum cropping intensity 264.13% In Chundikhola ISP.
Due to the intervention of irrigation sub project in an average cropping intensity is increased by 30.54 % .The percentage increase in cropping intensity is maximum by 98.84% in Polyangtar ISP to remains unchanged in Dhakmaar ISP over baseline cropping intensity of respective irrigation sub projects . (Table 23, Figure 21)
Table 23: Change in Cropping Intensity SN Sub Projects Cropping Intensity (%) Baseline(DFS) Current Change (%) 1 Dhakmaar ISP 93.8 93.8 0 2 Polyangtar ISP 112 222.7 98.84 3 Chundikhola ISP 224 264.13 17.92 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 177 224.8 27.01 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 153 232.1 51.70 Total 167.46 218.60 30.54
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Figure 21: Change in Cropping Intensity
Change in Cropping Intensity 300
250
200
150
Percentage 100
50
0 Chundikhola Motipur DhakmaarISP PolyangtaarISP Tamsariya ISP Total ISP Kadwa ISP Baseline 93.8 112 224 177 153 167.46 Current 93.8 222.7 264.13 224.8 232.1 218.6 4.4.5. Crop yields and Crop production
Crop yield and production of individual crop has been assessed from the household survey by the consultant. The crop yield of particular crop in each subproject is as described as below:
Crop Yield of Paddy
Motipur kaduwa ISP have the highest current crop yield i.e. 3.92 mt/ha and Polayngtar having the least i.e. 3.21 mt/ha among all five studied ISP. In average, the baseline of the crop yield of paddy is 2.75 which increased to 3.86 with increase of 40.36 % due to intervention of irrigation sub project. (Table 24, Figure 22)
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Table 24: Crop Yield of paddy Figure 22: Crop Yield of paddy SN Sub Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Paddy Projects 4.5 Baseline Current Change 4 (DFS) (%) 3.5 1 Dhakmaar 0 - 0 3 2.5 Baseline ISP 2 2 Polyangtar 2.42 3.21 32.64 1.5 ISP 1 0.5 3 Chundikhola 2.8 3.61 28.93 Current ISP 0 4 Motipur 2.8 3.92 40.00 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 2.5 3.33 33.20 Baruwa ISP Total 2.75 3.86 40.36
Crop Yield of Wheat
Crop Yield of wheat is found to be highest in Motipur with current yield of 2.95 mt/ha and lowest in Dhakmaar with 1.63 mt.ha. In average, the current average yield is found to be 2.85 mt/ha with increase of 58.33% compared to baseline production of 1.8 mt/ha. (Table 25, Figure 23)
Table 25: Crop Yield of Wheat Figure 23: Crop Yield of Wheat S Sub Projects Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Wheat N Baseline Current Change 3.5 (DFS) (%) 3 1 Dhakmaar 1.5 1.63 8.67 2.5 2 Baseline ISP 1.5 2 Polyangtar 1.98 2.1 6.06 1 ISP 0.5 3 Chundikhola 1.6 - - 0 Current ISP 4 Motipur 1.8 2.95 63.89 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 1.8 2.65 47.22 Baruwa ISP Total 1.8 2.85 58.33
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Crop Yield of Maize
In average increase in yield of maize is found to be 63.33% from baseline yield of 1.8 mt/ha to current yield of 2.94 mt/ha. (Table 26, Figure 24)
Table 26: Crop Yield of Maize Figure 24: Crop Yield of Maize
S Sub Projects Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Maize N Baseline Current Change 3.5 (DFS) (%) 3 1 Dhakmaar - - - 2.5 Baseline ISP 2 (DFS) 2 Polyangtar 2.32 2.63 13.36 1.5 1 ISP 0.5 Current 3 Chundikhola 1.8 2.12 17.78 0 ISP 4 Motipur 1.8 3 66.67 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 1.5 2.38 58.57 Baruwa ISP Total 1.8 2.94 63.33
Crop Yield of Potato
The average increase in crop yield of potato is found to be 58.81% from baseline yield of 7.04 mt/ha to current yield of 11.18 mt/ha. (Table 27, Figure 25)
Table 27: Crop yield of Potato Figure 25: Crop yield of Potato SN Sub Projects Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Potato Baseline Current Change 14 (DFS) (%) 12 1 Dhakmaar ISP 9 9.33 3.67 10 Baseline 2 Polyangtar ISP 11 12.69 15.36 8 (DFS) 6 4 Current 3 Chundikhola 7 12.42 77.43 2 ISP 0 4 Motipur 7 10.83 54.71 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 5 0 - Baruwa ISP Total 7.04 11.18 58.81
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Crop Yield of Pulses
The study shows that there is no production of pulses in Chundikhola ISP and the increase in production of pulses is 68.57%, 57.71%, 84.29%, 65.71% in Dhakmaar, Polyangtaar, Motipur Kadwa and in Tamsariya ISP respectively. (Table 28, Figure 26)
Table 28: Crop Yield of Pulses Figure 26: Crop Yield of Pulses SN Sub Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Pulses Projects Baseline Current Change 1.4 (DFS) (%) 1.2 1 1 Dhakmaar 0.7 1.18 68.57 Baseline 0.8 (DFS) ISP 0.6 2 Polyangtar 0.7 1.104 57.71 0.4 Current ISP 0.2 3 Chundikhola - - - 0 ISP 4 Motipur 0.7 1.29 84.29 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 0.7 1.16 65.71 Baruwa ISP
Crop Yield of Vegetables
The study shows that Motipur Kadwa ISP has significant increase in crop yield of vegetables from 7 mt/ha to 14.76 mt/ha. In Dhakmaar ISP and Tamsariya Baruwa ISP, there is no production of vegetables. (Table 29, Figure 27)
Table 29: Crop Yield of Vegetables Figure 27 : Crop Yield of Vegetables SN Sub Projects Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Vegetables Baseline Current Change 16 (DFS) (%) 14 12 1 Dhakmaar - - - 10 Baseline ISP 8 6 2 Polyangtar 8 12.6 57.50 4 ISP 2 0 Current 3 Chundikhola 7 10.5 50.00 ISP 4 Motipur 7 14.76 110.86 Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya - - - Baruwa ISP
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Crop Yield of Buck Wheat
Buck Wheat is cultivated Only in Dhakmaar ISP; there is no significant change in its production due to intervention of Irrigation. (Table 30, Figure 28)
Table 30: Crop yield of Buck Wheat Figure 28: Crop Yield of Buck Wheat SN Sub Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Buck Wheat Projects Baseline Current Change 1.6 (DFS) (%) 1.4 Baseline 1 Dhakmaar 1.5 1.5 0 1.2 1 ISP 0.8 2 Polyangtar - - - 0.6 0.4 Current ISP 0.2 3 Chundikhola - - - 0 ISP 4 Motipur - - - Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya - - - Baruwa ISP
Crop Yield of Spring Paddy
Crop yield of spring paddy is found to be 3.51 mt/ha in Chundikhola ISP. The other subprojects do not cultivate Spring Paddy. (Table 31, Figure 29)
Table 31: Crop Yield of Spring Paddy Figure 29 Crop Yield of Spring Paddy SN Sub Crop Yield(Mt/ha) Crop Yield of Spring Paddy Projects Baseline Current Change 4 (DFS) (%) 3.5 3 Baseline 1 Dhakmaar - - - 2.5 ISP 2 2 Polyangtar - - -- 1.5 Current ISP 1 0.5 3 Chundikhola 3.3 3.51 6.36 0 ISP 4 Motipur - - - Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya - - - Baruwa ISP
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4.4.6. Farm Machinery and farm tools
An agricultural operation is found to be primarily manual labor with help of the farm tools and draft animals. In average, more than 90% of farmers used Power tiller/Tractor, Thresher and others. In some areas, bullock ploughs are also in use. Consultant also studied about the farm machinery and farm tools used in the field in order to assess the extent of farm mechanization in the study area. It is found that the hilly regions of Mustang, kaski and Tanahun still used the traditional bullock plough for preparation of their land, whereas the situation is reverse in Terai region with Rupendahi and Nawalparasi using mechanized way of farm preparation. (Table 32, Figure 30)
Table 32: Farm Machinery and Farm Tools Figure 30: Farm Machinery and Farm Tools S Sub Projects Farm Machinery and farm tools Farm Machinery and Farm Tools N (%) Bulloc Power Threshe Others 120 Bullock Plough k Tiller/ r 100 Plough Tracto 80 Power r 60 1 Dhakmaar ISP 100.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 Tiller/ 40 Tractor 2 Polyangtar ISP 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 Thresher 3 Chundikhola 100.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0 ISP 4 Motipur 0.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 Others Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 0.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 Baruwa ISP Total 9.57 90.43 90.43 90.43
4.5. Organizational Arrangement Aspect
The Organizational arrangement aspect of the studied irrigation subprojects under IWRMP-OS in Western Development Region (WDR) has been assessed broadly under two sub-headings i.e. existing institutional arrangement and perception of beneficiary farmers towards present management system.
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4.5.1. Existing institutional arrangement
The existing institutional arrangement has been examined on the basis of WUA registration, WUA office, WUA membership, bank account opening, WUA by laws and regulation landholding list and conduction of regular meetings.
4.8.1.1. WUA Registration
WUA registration is one of the basic requirements of institutional development of irrigation system. It is essential for its effective operation and maintenance. Registration is assessed with respect to the availability of papers or registration with WUA members. All the subprojects were registered in respective offices and were formalized as the WUA of subprojects. (Table 33, Figure 31)
Table 33: WUA Registration Figure 31: WUA Registration SN Sub Projects WUA WUA Registration Registration 1 Dhakmaar ISP Yes Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP Yes No 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes 4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
4.8.1.2. WUA office
Among the studied sub-projects, it has been seen that two subprojects Motipur Kaduwa ISP and Tamsariya Baduwa had WUA office established and the rest three ISPs don’t have designated WUA office. (Table 34, Figure 32)
Table 34: WUA Office Figure 32 : WUA Office
SN Sub Projects WUA office WUA Office 1 Dhakmaar ISP No 2 Polyangtar ISP No 40% Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP No 60% No 4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
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4.8.1.3. WUA Membership
The membership of WUA is assessed in terms of membership fee collected by WUA. Of the identified total subprojects in the western region, Motipur Kadwa ISP doesn’t have provision of membership whereas other four ISPs have provision of membership. (Table 35, Figure 33)
Table 35: WUA Membership Figure 33: WUA Membership SN Sub Projects WUA Membership WUA Membership 1 Dhakmaar ISP Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP Yes 20% 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes Yes 4 MotipurKadwa ISP No No 80% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
4.8.1.4. Bank Opening Account
All 5 ISPs have their WUA bank account maintained and are being operated in their respective banks for proper financial management. This seemed to be one of the best practices in institutional activities which help attain transparency in accounting resource mobilization. (Table 36, Figure 34)
Table 36: Bank Opening Account Figure 34: Bank Account
SN Sub Projects Bank Account Bank Account Opening 1 Dhakmaar ISP Yes Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP Yes No 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes 4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
4.8.1.5. Election of WUA
All the subprojects have election to select WUA executive members. In all WUA it is found that the formation of newer committee is on the basis of mutual understanding among the users. (Table 37, Figure 35)
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Table 37: Election of WUA Figure 35: Election of WUA
SN Sub Projects Election of Election of WUA WUA 1 Dhakmaar ISP Yes Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP Yes No 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes 4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
4.8.1.6. Land holding list Availability
Under the existing institutional arrangement, one of the indicators is availability of land holding list which signifies if WUA has list of the land holding of the users. During field survey only in Chundikhola and Tamsariya Baruwa ISP have availability of landholding list. (Table 38, Figure 36)
Table 38: Land holding List Availability Figure 36: Land Holding List SN Sub Projects Availability of Land Land holding list Holding List 1 Dhakmaar ISP No 40% Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP No No 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes 60% 4 MotipurKadwa ISP No 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
4.8.1.7. Conduction of regular meetings
According to the survey, all the subprojects held regular meetings which helped in information and knowledge sharing among farmers and also helped in troubleshooting if there are issues. (Table 39, Figure 37)
Table 39: Conduction of Regular Meetings Figure 37: Conduction of Regular Meetings SN Sub Projects Conduction of Conduction of meetings Regular Meeting 1 Dhakmaar ISP Yes Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes No 4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
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4.5.2. Perception towards Present Management System
Consultant interviewed the farmers in order to assess the perception of the farmers towards the existing WUA in order to find the gaps between users and WUA. The Consultant categorized the perception into five levels: very highly satisfied, highly satisfied, moderate satisfaction, acceptable and not satisfied. None of the subprojects have farmers who are very highly satisfied towards current management of their WUA; in average there are 4.65% of farmers who expressed high satisfaction. Approx. 50.61% of farmers have moderate satisfaction, 27.77% considered functioning of existing WUA as acceptable and there are approximately 16.97 % of respondent who considered performance of existing WUA as not satisfactory. The overall perception of the respondents towards the performance of current management system in various WUAs is as shown in table below. (Table 40, Figure 38)
Table 40: Perception towards Present Management System SN Sub Projects Perception towards Present Management System (%) Very High High Moderate Acceptable No Satisfaction Satisfaction Satisfaction Satisfaction 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 0.00 90.00 10.00 0.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 0.00 0.00 53.85 7.69 38.46 3 Chundikhola ISP 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4 MotipurKadwa ISP 0.00 3.01 47.37 30.83 18.80 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP 0.00 25.93 66.67 7.41 0.00 Total 0.00 4.65 50.61 27.77 16.97
Figure 38 : Perception towards Present Management System
Perception towards Present Management System
4.65% Very High Satisfaction
16.97% High Satisfaction
Moderate satisfaction
Acceptable 27.77% 50.61% No Satisfaction
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4.6. Water Allocation and Distribution
The water allocation and distribution for the purpose of the study has been discussed under the subheading of formulation of annual operation and maintenance plan, water operation and delivery schedule, appointment of water guard, WUA By-laws and regulation and conflict resolution mechanism.
4.6.1. Formulation of annual operation and maintenance plan
Formulation of annual operation and maintenance plan is not observed in any studied ISPs. (Table 41, Figure 39) Table 41: Formulation of Annual O&M Plan Figure 39: Formulation of Annual Operation and Maintenance Plan SN Sub Projects Formulation of Annual Operation and annual operation Maintenance Plan and maintenance plan 1 Dhakmaar ISP No yes 2 Polyangtar ISP No no 3 Chundikhola ISP No 4 MotipurKadwa ISP No 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP No
4.6.2. Water operation and Delivery Schedule As per the consultant assessment, all the subprojects have proper water operation and delivery schedule. (Table 42, Figure 40) Table 42: Water Operation and Delivery Schedule Figure 40: Water Operation and Delivery Schedule SN Sub Projects Water Operation Water Operation and Delivery and Delivery Schedule Schedule 1 Dhakmaar ISP Yes Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes No 4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
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4.6.3. Appointment of water guard Among the five subprojects, only Motipur Kadwa ISP has the provision of appointment of water guard. (Table 43, Figure 41) Table 43: Appointment of water guard Figure 41: Appointment of Water Guard SN Sub Projects Appointment of Appointment of Water Guard Water Guard 1 Dhakmaar ISP No 20% 2 Polyangtar ISP No Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP No No
4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 80% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP No
4.6.4. WUA By-laws and regulation
The existing institutional arrangement for the WUA in terms of WUA by-laws and regulation is found to be positive for all the subprojects. All five ISPs had WUA Bylaws and Regulation in written form. (Table 44, Figure 42)
Table 44: WUA By Laws and Regulation Figure 42: Water Bylaws and Regulation
SN Sub Projects WUA By Laws and WUA By-laws and Regulation Regulation
1 Dhakmaar ISP Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP Yes Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP Yes No 4 MotipurKadwa ISP Yes 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP Yes
4.6.5. Conflict Resolution mechanism
Among the subprojects, all five sub projects have no any written mechanism of conflict resolution. If any conflict arises they solve it with mutual understanding. (Table 45, Figure 43)
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Table 45: Conflict Resolution Mechanism Figure 43: Conflict Resolution Mechanism
SN Sub Projects Conflict Conflict Resolution Mechanism Resolution 0% Mechanism
1 Dhakmaar ISP No yes 2 Polyangtar ISP No No 3 Chundikhola ISP No 4 MotipurKadwa ISP No 100% 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP No
4.7. Adequacy of Support Services
The adequacy of the support services are examined on the basis of seeds availability, sources of seeds, fertilizer availability, sources of fertilizers availability, market and its structures, Support to farmers from Government Organization /Non-Government Organization /International Government Organization side and capacity building i.e. training and exposure visit received by farmers.
4.7.1. Seeds availability
Consultant assessed the availability of seeds to the farmers in order for proper and timely cultivation. It has been found that seeds are readily available in the study area. However, for the purpose of the study the availability of the seeds is considered as those seeds which were available in the market, not the seeds saved by the farmers. In Dhakmaar ISP, farmers are found to collect and preserve their own seeds for the cultivation for next season as seeds are not available in the market. (Table 46, Figure 44)
Table 46: Seeds Availability Figure 44: Seeds Availability SN Sub Projects Seeds Availability (%) Seeds Availability Yes No 3% 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 53.85 46.15 Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP 100.00 0.00 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 100.00 0.00 No 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 100.00 0.00 97% Total 95.06 4.94
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4.7.2. Sources of Seeds
The source of seed in the subproject area have been categorized into four classes, Village market, Self, Co- operative and AIC. On an average, village market is regarded as major source 69.14% followed by co-operative 17.90%, self 8.64% and AIC 4.32%. (Table 47, Figure 45)
Table 47: Sources of Seeds Figure 45: Sources of Seeds SN Sub Projects Sources of Seed (%) Sources of seeds Village Self Co- AIC 4.32% Market operative 1 Dhakmaar 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 Village ISP Market 2 Polyangtar 53.85 46.15 0.00 0.00 17.90% ISP Self 3 Chundikhola 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 8.64% ISP 69.14% Cooperative 4 Motipur 79.32 4.51 16.17 0.00 Kadwa ISP AIC 5 Tamsariya 22.22 0.00 25.93 51.85 Baruwa ISP Total 69.14 8.64 17.90 4.32
4.7.3. Availability of Fertilizer
Fertilizer is one of the major inputs for crop production .Consultant assessed the availability of fertilizer to the farmers. It has been found that 96.30% respondents have fertilizer availability where as 3.7 % don’t have availability of fertilizer. In Dhakmaar ISP, availability of fertilizer is not observed. (Table 48, Figure 46)
Table 48: Fertilizer Availability Figure 46: Fertilizer Availability SN Sub Projects Seeds Availability (%) Fertilizer Availability Yes No 4% 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 84.62 15.38 Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP 100.00 0.00 No 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 100.00 0.00 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 100.00 0.00 96% Total 96.30 3.70
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4.7.4. Sources of Fertilizer
The source of fertilizer based on its supplying agent has been categorized into three classes namely Co-operative Market and AIC. On an average, village market is regarded as major source 61.54% followed by co-operative 38.46%, and AIC 0 %. (Table 49, Figure 47)
Table 49: Sources of Fertilizer Figure 47: Sources of Fertilizer SN Sub Projects Sources of Seed (%) Sources of Fertilizers Co-operatives Market AIC 0.00% 1 Dhakmaar 0.00 ISP 0.00 0.00 2 Polyangtar 0.00 Village Market ISP 27.27 72.73 38.46% 3 Chundikhola 0.00 Cooperative ISP 25.00 75.00 61.54% 4 Motipur 0.00 Kadwa ISP 36.47 63.53 AIC 5 Tamsariya 0.00 Baruwa ISP 66.67 33.33 Total 38.46 61.54 0.00
4.7.5. Support for GO, NGO and INGO
Consultant assessed if the farmers are getting any support from the government offices, local NGO or INGO for the upliftment of the subproject and other support services. The support of the GO, NGO and INGO are not found in Dhakmaar ISP, Polyangtaar ISP, Chundikhola ISP, and Tamsariya ISP. The Motipur have some support from such offices as per the respondents. (Table 50, Figure 48)
Table 50: Support from GO/NGO/INGO Figure 48: Support of GO/NGO/INGO SN Sub Projects Support from Support from GO/NGO/INGO GO/NGO/INGO (%) Yes No 5.86% 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP 0.00 100.00 No 3 Chundikhola ISP 0.00 100.00 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 7.14 92.86 94.14% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 0.00 100.00 Total 5.86 94.14
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4.7.6. Exposure Visit and Trainings
Consultant assessed if the farmers of the subprojects are taken for exposure visits or if any trainings are provided regarding the irrigation system, rules etc, to which the most responses are negative. (Table 51, Figure 49)
Table 51: Training and Visits Figure 49: Trainings and Visit
SN Sub Projects Training and visits (%) Trainings and Visit
Yes No 4.63% 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP 7.69 92.31 3 Chundikhola ISP 0.00 100.00 No 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 0.38 99.62 95.37% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 48.15 51.85 Total 4.63 95.37
Among the trainings that are available, consultant enquired about the types of training the farmers get from as the support service. None of the subprojects gave training on soil management and water management to the farmers. Few got training on crop management and WUA management. (Table 52, Figure 50)
Table 52: Types of Trainings Figure 50: Types of Trainings S Sub Type of Training (%) Types of Trainings N Projects Crop Soil WUA Water Manage Manage Manage Manage ment ment ment ment Crop 1 Dhakmaar 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Management ISP 2 Polyangtar 0.00 0.00 7.89 0.00 17.35% Soil ISP Management 3 Chundikhol 12.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 a ISP WUA Management 4 Motipur 1.88 0.00 1.13 0.00 82.65% Kadwa ISP 5 Tamsariya 48.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 Water Management Baruwa ISP Total 5.86 0.00 1.23 0
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4.8. Impacts
The long term impact of the sub-project has been assessed through the Change in socioeconomic status and change in water availability after sub project intervention.
4.8.1. Socio Economic Impacts
The individual farmers, who have directly benefited through increase in agricultural production have increased income source of their families. Increased income suggests reduced poverty and an upliftment of living standard.
The change in socioeconomic condition has been assessed with increase in crop production and thereby increases in farm income as well as livelihood of farming communities of the command area of the sub-projects.
The indicator of the increase in income impacted at the level of expenditure on health services, construction and maintenance of houses or purchasing durable goods. Irrigation facilities in the command area also impacted on reduction of women's drudgery in household works after sub project rehabilitation.
4.8.1.1. Income from Agriculture production The perception of respondent in income change due to increase in production has been observed and found that in an average 94.14 % respondents have positive response while remaining 5.86 % have no response. (Table 53, Figure 51) Table 53: HH income increase from Agriculture Figure 51: Contribution in HH income production increase SN Sub Projects Contribution in HH Contribution in HH Income Income Increase (%) increase Yes No 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 5.86% 2 Polyangtar ISP 76.92 23.08 Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP 62.50 37.50 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 100.00 0.00 No
94.14% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 88.89 11.11
Total 94.14 5.86
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4.8.1.2. Contribution on Education of the Child
The perception of respondent about the change in income and its contribution on expenditure on child education has been observed and found that in average 78.70 % respondents have positive responses while remaining 21.30 % have no response. (Table 54, Figure 52)
Table 54: Contribution on Education of the Child Figure 52: Contribution on education of child
SN Sub Projects Contribution in spent on Contribution on education of child Education Child (%)
Yes No 21.30% 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP 23.08 76.92 3 Chundikhola ISP 25.00 75.00 No 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 86.47 13.53 78.70% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 74.07 25.93 Total 78.70 21.30
4.8.1.3. Contribution on health aspect
The perception of respondent about the change in income and its contribution on expenditure on health aspect has been observed and found that in average 15.12 % respondents have positive responses while remaining 84.88 % have no response. (Table 55, Figure 53)
Table 55: Contribution on Health Aspect Figure 53: Contribution on Health Aspect SN Sub Projects Contribution in spent Contribution on Health Aspect on health aspect (%)
Yes No 15.12% 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 yes 2 Polyangtar ISP 7.69 92.31 no 3 Chundikhola ISP 0.00 100.00 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 16.17 83.83 84.88% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 18.52 81.48 Total 15.12 84.88
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4.8.1.4. Contribution on Durable Goods
The perception of respondent about the change in income and its contribution on purchasing durable goods has been observed and found that in average only 1.50 % respondents have positive responses while remaining 98.50 % have no response. (Table 56, Figure 54)
Table 56: Contribution on Durable Goods Figure 54: Contribution on Durable Goods SN Sub Projects Contribution in spent Contribution on durable goods on durable goods (%) 1.50%
Yes No 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP 0.00 100.00 3 Chundikhola ISP 0.00 100.00 No 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 1.50 98.50 98.50% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 3.70 96.30 Total 1.5 98.5
4.8.1.5. Contribution on household repair
Consultant assessed the contribution of increased income on household repair; it is found that only 1.5% of the respondents are able to use the income for household repair. (Table 57, Figure 55)
Table 57: Contribution on Household Repair Figure 55: Contribution on Household Repair SN Sub Projects Contribution in spent on Contribution on Household repair of House (%) Repair 1.50% Yes No 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 0.00 100.00 Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP 0.00 100.00 No 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 1.88 98.12
98.50% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa 0.00 100.00 ISP Total 1.5 98.5
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4.8.1.6. Reduction in Women’s Drudgery
Due to increase in household income, consultant observe that whether reduction in women drudgery in households or not. Survey shows that the reduction in women drudgery is significant with average 96.3% of respondent’s recognition. (Table 58, Figure 56)
Table 58: Reduction in Women's Drudgery Figure 56: Reduction in Women's Drudgery
SN Sub Projects Reduction in women's Reduction Women's Drudgery drudgery (%) Yes No 3.70% 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 100.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 84.62 15.38 Yes 3 Chundikhola ISP 100.00 0.00 No 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 100.00 0.00 96.30% 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 100.00 0.00 Total 96.30 3.70
4.8.2. Impacts on Water Availability
The impact in terms of water availability is assessed in terms of water available at all the location of farms i.e. head, middle and tail end. According to the survey, water availability in average for the subprojects is 87.04% with positive view of respondents. (Table 59)
Table 59: Water Availability SN Sub Projects Water Availability (%) Yes No 1 Dhakmaar ISP 100.00 0.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 61.54 38.46 3 Chundikhola ISP 87.50 12.50 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 86.84 13.16 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 96.30 3.70 Total 87.04 12.96 Water availability at head middle and tail reach
The availability water at head middle and tail ends are 100%, 97.25% and 64.55% respectively.(Table 60, Figure 57)
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Table 60: Water availability at various farm location Figure 57: Water availability at different farm SN Sub Projects Water Availability (%) location Head Middle Tail Water availabilty % 1 Dhakmaar ISP 100.00 100.00 100.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 100.00 100.00 28.57 150 100 97.25 3 Chundikhola 100.00 100.00 50.00 100 ISP 64.55 4 Motipur Kadwa 100.00 96.63 62.35 50 ISP 5 Tamsariya 100.00 100.00 91.67 0 Baruwa ISP Head Middle Tail Total 100.00 97.25 64.55 water availabilty
4.9. Farmers Satisfaction
The farmer’s satisfaction is one of the major indicators for the success of any projects. Consultant conducted survey on farmer's satisfaction regarding the subprojects. The satisfaction is categorized into five groups namely, very high satisfaction, high satisfaction, moderate satisfaction, acceptable and no satisfaction. It is found that the respondents are only moderately satisfied with the subprojects with 52.78% in average followed by acceptable which is 25.93%, not satisfied are 16.05% and highly satisfied are 5.25%. (Table 61, Figure 58)
Table 61: Farmers Satisfaction
SN Sub Projects Farmers Satisfaction (%) Very High High Moderate Acceptable No Satisfaction Satisfaction Satisfaction Satisfaction 1 Dhakmaar ISP 0.00 0.00 90.00 10.00 0.00 2 Polyangtar ISP 0.00 0.00 61.54 0.00 38.46 3 Chundikhola ISP 0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00 0.00 4 Motipur Kadwa 0.00 4.89 47.74 29.70 17.67 ISP 5 Tamsariya 0.00 14.81 85.19 0.00 0.00 Baruwa ISP Total 0.00 5.25 52.78 25.93 16.05
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Figure 58: Farmers Satisfaction
Farmers Satisfaction
5.25% Very Highly Satistied 16.05%
High Satisfied
Moderate satisfied
Acceptable 25.93% 52.77% Not satisfied
4.10. Sustainability Aspects
In general terms, sustainability is the ability of systems and processes to withstand for a longer period of times. Sustainability can also be defined as a socio-ecological process characterized by the pursuit of a common ideal. Nowadays, the term sustainability is widely used in development sector. When viewed through the sustainability concept, irrigation sub project can be called as sustainable only if its WUA can operate the system regularly without any external support and deliver the sufficient water up to the tail end.
The sustainability aspect of the Subproject is studied under the term of farmers’ participation in canal O&M, ISF fee collection, ISF rate and annual expenditure.
4.10.1. Participation in O&M
Information of farmers' participation in O & M has been assessed through farmer’s response during questionnaire survey. It was found out that all the farmers of the study area were involved in canal operation and maintenance. (Table 62, Figure 59)
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Table 62: Participation in canal O&M Figure 59: Participation in canal O&M SN Sub Projects Participation in canal O & M Participation in O&M (%) Yes No 1 Dhakmaar ISP 100.00 0.00 Yes 2 Polyangtar ISP 100.00 0.00 100% 3 Chundikhola ISP 100.00 0.00 No 4 MotipurKadwa ISP 100.00 0.00 5 TamsariyaBaruwa ISP 100.00 0.00 Total WR 100.00 0.00
4.10.2. ISF Rate and ISF Collection
The ISF collection is positive and has different rates for different ISPs. In Dhakmaar, there is no provision of ISF whereas; all other subprojects have provision of ISF. (Table 63-64, Figure 60)
Table 63 : ISF Rates for various subprojects SN Sub Projects ISF Rate 1 Dhakmaar ISP No 2 Polyangtar ISP Minimum 100 Nrs per hh + Nrs 10 additional per Ropani 3 Chundikhola ISP Minimum 100 Nrs per hh + Nrs 10 additional per Ropani 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP Nrs 37.5 per ropani 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP Nrs 240 per HH
Table 64: ISF Collection in subprojects Figure 60: ISF Collection SN Sub Projects ISF Provision ISF Collection
1 Dhakmaar ISP No
2 Polyangtar ISP Yes 20.00% Yes
3 Chundikhola ISP Yes No
4 Motipur Kadwa ISP Yes 80.00%
5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP Yes
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4.10.3. Annual Expenditure
Consultant assessed the annual expenditure in terms of cash and voluntary labor for the O&M of the canal system. It was found that wage is paid to water guard only in Motipur Kadwa ISP. Other remaining subprojects have significant contribution to O& M in the form of voluntary labor. (Table 65)
Table 65: Annual Expenditure SN Sub Projects Annual Expenditure Cash Kind 1 Dhakmaar ISP 145000 2 Polyangtar ISP 264000 3 Chundikhola ISP 170000 4 Motipur Kadwa ISP 16000 1056800 5 Tamsariya Baruwa ISP 216000 Although there is sufficient participation for operation and maintenance in irrigation sub project .But, Due to recurrent flood and landslides had resulted damage on intake and main canal in all the irrigation sub projects except Motipur ISP. The farmers are not able to maintain and repair the canal and irrigation structures on their own and require help from donor agencies in this aspect. This has also been one of the major concerns of respondent farmers of the study area. Without emergency support from external agency it is difficult for any studied ISPs to be self-sustaining. Proper and timely maintenance of major failures has also been one of reason for inefficiency of the Irrigation project.
4.11. Impact Evaluation Based on Project Key M& E Indicators
Impact evaluation based on the project outcome indicators are targeted agricultural productivity of major crops from improved irrigation facility attributed to the project. These indicators were collected from the sub-projects, and were evaluated with respect to the baseline indicators. The project key outcome indicators used various parameters like improved irrigation agricultural productivity, irrigated area (ha), cropping intensity (%), percent of tail end farmers reporting to improved water availability, percent of WUA formally constituted and holding regular meeting together, percent of WUA's collecting water charges required for adequate operation and maintenance, and percent of WUA maintaining adequate account and cash register. The current results of project key M& E indicators compared with baseline data are as shown bellows; (Table 66)
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Table 66: Comparative study of Project key M& E indicator with baseline data
Project Outcome Major Crops Baseline data- Target 2018 Current 2017 % Increase Indicators (t/ha)
Improved irrigation Paddy 2.9 3.8 3.86 33.1 agricultural productivity Wheat 2.0 3.2 2.85 42.5
Maize 2.1 3.6 2.94 40
Potato 10 16 11.18 11.8
Irrigated area (ha)
Cropping Intensity (%) 168 220 218.60 30.1
Percent of tail enders 0 60 64.55 64.55 reporting to improved water availability
Percent of WUAs 0 100 100 100 formally constituted and holding regular meetings
Percent of WUAs 0 100 80 80 collecting water charges required for adequate operation and maintenance
Percent of WUAs 0 100 100 100 maintaining appropriate account and cash register
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As seen from the table, for paddy the increase in yield is 33.1% compared to the baseline data and this increase is higher than the target of 2018 by 1.6%.
Similarly for wheat, maize and potato, the increase in yield was 42.5%, 40% and 11.8% respectively. This data when compared to the target of 2018 lagged by 10.9%, 18.3% and 30.1% respectively.
For cropping intensity, the increase is 30.1% compared to the baseline data, this result however is lagging by 0.6% compared to the target set for 2018.
The percentage of tail end farmers reporting to improved water availability is increased by 64.5% and is higher than the target by 7.6%. Similarly, percentage of WUAs formally constituted and holding regular meetings is 100% with full target achievement. Also, for the percent of WUAs collecting water charges required for adequate operation and maintenance has increased by 80% compared to the baseline data. However, this achievement is lagging by 20% compared to the target set for 2018. Finally the percent of WUA maintaining appropriate account and cash register is 100% with full target achievement set for 2018.
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CHAPTER 5- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1. Conclusions
The impact study has been conducted following the standard practice to best meet the objective and scope of the work. This study was carried out in five ISPs of the Western Development Region which were selected on the basis of their command area, topography and geographical variation. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed for the assessment of impact of selected irrigation sub-projects focusing on physical, institutional, socio-economic and agricultural aspects of each sub-projects under study.
Consultant prepared the canal systems (main canal, branch canals and command area) map with GPS survey and evaluated the performance of existing systems. The overall output was calculated based on field survey and using GPS/GIS tools.
Cropping intensity and productivity of crops due to intervention in irrigation facilities and consequent agricultural practices have significantly improved but the target is yet to be fulfilled. Water availability at tail ends has increased significantly. Cropping intensity, at present, stands at 218.6%, while spring crop coverage is still below 50%. The trend of farm mechanization is improving in terai as compared with that in hill and mountain regions. Women dredgery has been significantly reduced.
Assessment of the existing institutional arrangement in the management of irrigation systems indicated that the institutional development is in progressive path. Only around 50% of the beneficiary farmers are moderately satisfied with the performance of their respective WUAs. This indicates that the WUAs need to be more strengthened so that their roles toward the management of irrigation system become more effective. So, institutional strengthening activities need continuation even after the completion of sub-project. In addition, support services related to agriculture inputs, marketing and credit facilities are not adequate in the project area. Hence, co-ordination activities between different stakeholders are yet to be conducted to improve pre and post agriculture processes.
The intervention of irrigation sub project has positive impacts on socio-economic condition of beneficiary farmers. The improvement in irrigation facility has increased agricultural production and hence, the income of families. So, the investments on education and health of family members have also increased.
The farmer’s participation in operation and maintenance is highly satisfactory. Most of the farmers collect ISF and also contribute their labor for operation and maintenance of irrigation system. For the emergency
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maintenance to response the disasters caused by natural calamities like flood and landslides, the maintenance is beyond the capacity of WUA both interms of financial and technical aspects and are compelled to seek the emergency supports from external agencies.
The satisfaction level of beneficiary farmers towards their respective sub-projects is quite acceptable. About 52% of the respondents are moderately satisfied with their projects. So, this also creates a wide scope for improving the project implementation plan and strategies in the future similar projects.
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5.2. Recommendations
Regular monitoring of the project area should be carried out from Irrigation development divisions as well as the IWRMP to facilitate regular interactions between the WUA, farmers and the government regarding the needs and objectives of the project. It is essential to develop the projects in integrated approach with different concerning stakeholders with their professional inputs for best performance. At present, major efforts have been incurred in improving the physical infrastrutures of the irrigation systems. Though the water availability has been significantly improved, post agriculture works have been lagging behind. Farmers require supports for improved seed varieties, marketing and financial facilities. The projects can be made more effective by incorporating the roles of agriculture research organization and micro-finance organizations. The reliability of irrigation facilities has increased the productivity and crop diversification. However; farming practice is not much improved from their traditional practices. Efforts should be done to convert the present subsistence farming into commercial farming technologies. Additional focus shoud be given to encourage farmers towards farming through mechanization e.g use of farm machines, improved farming methods like SRI in paddy etc. WUAs in different levels should be made accountable and functional on their duties, responsibility and authorities. The project should provide the trainings, awareness campaign, and Information Communication and Services (ICS) materials to WUA and beneficiaries. The project should provide the technical guidance, facilitating role and frequent dialogues with the WUAs for sustainable operation of the system. Different trainings conducted before and after project intervention should be demand driven than imposed core technical package trainings. The emphasis should be given to the farmer’s perspective. Success stories as well as lessons learnt from these projects should be well documented so that they can be implemented in other similar areas. WUAs should be encouraged to develop themselves into co-operatives wherever possible, to ensure the continuation of the institutional activities even after completion of the sub-projects. Low interest credit for farmers is important for development of agriculture enterprise. So, policy should be made for mechanism of development bank and micro credit to facilitate farmers of project area for agriculture enterprise development.
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Provision of Basket fund at central level should be made instead of maintenance from different stakeholders in the same project; the DOI should mobilize this fund as matching fund to the WUA for emergency maintenance of different irrigation projects. The matching fund should be based on collected ISF and priorities should be given to WUAs which have higher rate of ISF collection. These techniques might be fruitful to motivate WUA towards ISF collection.
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NPC (2007).Three Year Interim Plan (2007/08-2009/10).Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission.
NPC (2011).Three Year Plan (2010/11-2012/13).Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission.
NPC/Project Research and Engineering Associates (2012).Impact Evaluation of Sunsari-Morang Irrigation Project.
NPC (2013).Thirteen Plan, Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission
NPC (2014).Thirteenth Plan (2013/14-2015/16).Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission.
The World Bank,2007,Project Appraisal Document (PAD) on a Proposed Grant for the IWRMP the World Bank
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APPENDIX I-Household Questionnaire Survey Demographic Information 1. Name of the Respondent Chhiring Gurung
2. Address and contact number of the Respondent:
Dalone-2, Dhakmaar ………………………………………………………………………………. 3. Location of Farming land in Irrigation system: a. Head b. Middle c. Tail
4. Sex: a) Male b) Female
5. Age of the Respondent: 23 years
6. Education level of Respondent : Higher Education
a. Illiterate b. Literate c. Up to secondary d. S.LC e. Higher 7. Religion of the family a. Hindu b. Buddha c. Muslim d. Christian e. Other ……. 8. Ethnicity of the family a.Brahmin b. Chhetri c. Thakuri d. Indigenous e. Dalit f. Others….Janajati. 9. Are you Head of the family? Yes No 10. Occupation of the Household: a) Agriculture b) Service c) Private business d) Other 11. Household size: 5 Male…3.. b. Female…..2 12. Since how long have you been in this village?
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13. Household members in the same house including the HH and Temporal absentees SN Sex Age Education Main Occupation Secondary Occupation Present/Absent 1 M/F 23 Higher Agriculture No P/A level 2 M/F 20 Upto SLC Agriculture No P/A 3 M/F 5 P/A 4 M/F 3 P/A 5 M/F 0.5 P/A 6 M/F P/A 7 M/F P/A
14. Land holding Unirrigated Area(Ropani) Irrigated area( Ropani) Total area in (Ropani) Khet 10 10
Leased In Leased Out Irrigated area Unirrigated area Irrigated area Unirrigated area (Ropani) (Ropani) (Ropani) (Ropani) - - Crop productivity, Pattern and Intensity 15. During Spring season Crop Type Varieties Coverage (Ropani) Yield (Quintal) Remarks
Before After Before After Before After project project project project project project Paddy Wheat 5 4 Maize Potato 1 5 Vegetables Pulses 1 0.6
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Mustard 1 .5 Buckwheat 1 0.72 1
16. During Monsoon season Crop Type Varieties Coverage (Ropani) Yield (Quintal) Remarks
Before After Before After Before After project project project project project project Paddy Wheat Maize Potato Vegetables a) b) c) d) 17. During Winter season Crop Type Varieties Coverage (Ropani) Yield (Quintal) Remarks
Before After Before After Before After project project project project project project Paddy Wheat Maize Potato Vegetables a) b) c) d)
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Agricultural Inputs 18. Agricultural Inputs before and after project Before Project Seed Chemical Fertilizer (kg/ FYM Insecticid Pesticid Labour (days/ ropani) Season (kg/ ropani) (kg/ es es Huma Anim Machin Crops ropan ropan (gm/ (gm/ n al e i) Potas Ure Phosphor i) ropani) ropani) h a as Summer a b c Monsoo n a b c Winter a b c
After Project Seed Chemical Fertilizer (kg/ FYM Insecticid Pesticid Labour (days/ ropani) Season (kg/ ropani) (kg/ es es Huma Anim Machin Crops ropan ropan (gm/ (gm/ n al e i) Potas Ure Phosphor i) ropani) ropani) h a as Summer a b
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c Monsoo n a b c Winter a b c
19. Where is the source of improved seeds? a. Own b. AIC c. Village market d. Cooperative 20. Availability of improved seeds In required time Yes No 21. Where is the source of Chemical Fertilizers? No a. AIC b. Cooperative c. Market d. others… 22. Availability of Chemical Fertilizer In required time Yes No 23. Use of Agricultural Machineries Crop Type Bullock Plough Power Tiller Thresher Others(Jhopa) Paddy Wheat Maize Potato Vegetables
Food Balance Situation 24. Food sufficiency for family consumption from farm production? Yes ( ) No ( ) If no, for how many months insufficient? ………6……… months 69 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
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25. Annual sale of crop products, livestock and livestock produce, and horticultural products -No Selling At all
Products Name of commodity Quantity sold Price per unit Total price Food Grain 0 0 0 0 Livestock and 0 its product 0 0 Horticultural Apple 3000 products (fruits and vegetables)
26. Off-farm Income/Occupation …..No Off-farm Income SN Type of Location of off-farm Number of persons Income (NRs) Occupation involved 1 Service 2 Labor 50000 3 Person 4 Rent received 5 Business 6 Others (Specify) i. ii. iii.
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27. Cash Expenditure (Cash only) SN Item Expenditure (NRs.) 1 Food 25000 2 Clothes 5000 3 Social Work 1000 4 Ceremonies/Festival 5000 5 Education 5000 6 Agricultural tools & implements purchased and O&M 1000 7 Livestock purchases, maintenance and feed 5000 8 Treatment( Health) 2000 9 Loan/Interest paid 0 10 Rent Paid 0 11 Irrigation Maintenance 0 12 House and land purchased, constructed or O&M 0 13 Agricultural production inputs and wages - 14 Others Total Expenditure 49000
28. Agricultural Credit (last 5 years) Unit NRs. ….Not at all Source Amount Purpose Interest Rate ADB/N Commercial Bank (Specify) Cooperative Local Merchant Others
29. Do you have any support in agriculture from (GO,I/NGO, WUA, Cooperative and financial institutions) Yes/No if yes then……. No Type of support and organization:
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30. What are the major market areas for your product? a) Dhiling Bazar b) c)
31. Market infrastructure: a. Collection centre b. Cooperative marketing c. Individual marketing Associations Links 32. 16.1. Are you member of the Water user association? Yes No …(Secretary) If No in present then, were you in the past? Yes No 33. Are you an Executive Committee member? Yes No if No in present then, were you in the past? Yes No 34. Water Availability after Rehabilitation
a. Very High Satisfaction ( ) b. High Satisfaction ( ) c. Moderate Satisfaction ( )
d. Acceptable ( ) e. No Satisfaction ( ) 35. General Functioning of the Association (use tick Mark)
Very High High Moderate No Functions Acceptable Satisfaction Satisfaction Satisfaction Satisfaction
Past(during formation)
Present(last year and now)
Future(perception)
36. Did you participate in canal construction, repair and maintenance? Yes No ….Yes If yes,
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Participation Contribution Labor days Cash (NRs.) Kind Value in NRs. Construction 40-45 Repair and Maintenance (Last year) 2-3 0 1200-1800 37. Are you involved in Water Distribution? Yes / No
If yes how? For your land alone /EC member/others 38. Do you get sufficient water to irrigate your land? Yes No 39. What are the rules of water distribution?....Lucky Draw i. First priority to head portion ii. First priority to tail portion iii. No priority iv. Rotation v. Continuous flow 40. Is there equal distribution of water? Yes No 41. Are you satisfied with the management of the irrigation system? Yes No 42. How many meetings you attended last year? …………………3………………. 43. How much you paid last year to the association? Rs/ year……………………………no……. 44. Are you receiving enough water at your field end? During last 5 years Good supply ……….years Manageable…5………..years Insufficient…………..years 45. Have you taken any training in the following aspects?...No 46. a. Water Management b. Soil Management c. Crop Management d. WUA Management 47. Do you feel the HH income is increased after Irrigation facility you get? Yes No Remarks 48. Are you able to spend income from agricultural products for education of your child? Yes No Remarks 49. Are you able to spend income from agricultural products for health aspect of your family? Yes No Remarks
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50. Are you able to contribute income from agricultural product for purchase of durable goods for household essentials? Yes No Remarks 51. Are you able to build or repair your house? Yes No Remarks 52. Has the womens drudgery been reduced after irrigation? 53. Yes No Remarks
54. What are your suggestions and expectation for sustainable WUA institutional Development and effective and efficient water distribution and use? Suggestion Support for repair and maintainance Efficiency improvement by proper lining of the canal
Expectation Should supply suffifient water even during Drought seasons.
Key Notes: 1. Bed scouring at intake 2. Insuficient Water in the Tail end
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APPENDIX II-Check list for FGD with WUA
k|ZgfjnL(QUESTIONNAIRE)
Check list for FGD with WUA
A. ;fd"bflos(DEMOGRAPHY)
1= -s_ kmf/fdebf{pkl:yt ;d'xsf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnLM (List of the Respondents)
gfd j*f k]zf ufp+÷^f]n s}lkmot÷;ldltdf kb
Name g+= Occupation Village/Lane Remarks/Status in WUA Ward No. JheybyangLokte 2 Agriculture Dhakmaar President KimoGurung 2 Agriculture Dhakmaar General member ChiningGurung 2 Agriculture,Business Dhakmaar Secretary Pemba TenzingGurung 2 Agriculture Dhakmaar General member PasangGurung 2 Agriculture,business Dhakmaar General member Ghima Lama Gurung 2 Agriculture Dhakmaar Water User(WU) ThukdenGurung 8/2 Agriculture Dhakmaar Water User(WU) DawaGurung 9/2 Agriculture Dhakmaar Water User(WU) ItenGurung 2 Agriculture Dhakmaar Water User(WU) Pemba Gurung 2 Agriculture Dhakmaar Water User(WU)
-v_ ;d'xsf] d'Nof+sg(Group Assessment)
-v 1_ sdfg If]qsf] d"xfg, dWotyfk"R%f/sf] klxrfg (Defining Head, middle and tail reach of the command area)
ufp+v]tsf] klxrfg(Village/ local name of Paddy field) ======d"xfg Head reach Ward no. 4
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
======dWo Middle reach Ward no. 4 ======k"R%f/ Tail reach Ward no. 4
-v 2_ l;+rfO{ ;"ljwfgk"u If]q s[kofpNn]v ug"{xf];\ (Water deficit area, please specify) ======insufficient at the Tail Region of the farm area======
-v 3_ s[ifs jlu{s/)fM (Division according to land holdings) ======e'ldxLg s[ifsLandless farmers hgf/No ======l;dfGt s[ifsMarginal farmers hgf/No ======;fgf] s[ifsSmall farmers hgf/No ======demf}nf s[ifsMedium farmers hgf/No ======&'nf] s[ifsLarge Farmers hgf/No
gf]^ M s[ifs jlu{s/)f Note: Farmers' Classification
s[ifs jlu{s/)f kxf* -/f]kgL_ t/fO{ -lj#f s^\&f_
l;dfGt 5 eGbf #^L 10 s^&f eGbf #l^
;fgf 5 b]lv 10 10 s^&f b]lv 1 lj#fAverage of (30-40) Ropani
demf}nf 10 b]lv 20 1 lj#fb]lv 5 lj#f
&'nf 20 eGbfa(L 5 lj#feGbf a(L Hills Terai Marginal < 5 Ropani < 0.25 < 0.33 Small 5-10 Ropani 0.25 - 0.5 0.33 - 0.67 Medium 10-20 Ropani 0.5 - 1.0 0.67 - 3.33 Large > 20 Ropani > 1.0 > 3.33
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2= l;+rfO{ k|)ffnLsf] sdf)* If]qleq kg]{ uf=lj=;=÷ufp+÷#/w"/L ljj/)f (Details of VDC/Village/Household within the Irrigated Command Area) uf=lj=;= ufp+ j*f g+= #/w"/L ;+Vof VDC Village Ward No. Household No. Dhami 02 58 Upper-28 Lower -30 houses
3= sdf)* If]qleq kg]{ hghflt÷hg;+Vofljj/)f (Details of Ethnic Group in the Command area)
hghftL #/w"/L ;+Vof cf};t kl/jf/ ;+Vof hg;+Vof s}lkmot Ethnic Group Household No. Average Family Population Remarks Gurung All 58 houses 5
4= ut 5 jif{dfePsf] a;fO{÷;/fO{ ljj/)fM (Details of Permanent Migration during the last 5 Years) ======s_ pkcfof]hgf If]qjf^ jflx/ uPsf kl/jf/ ;+VofM None No. of Out - Migrated Family ======v_ pkcfof]hgf If]qdfjflx/jf^ cfPsf kl/jf/ ;+VofM None
No. of In - Migrated Family
5= ut ;fndf c:yfoL /f]huf/Lsfnflujflx/ uPsfJolQmx?sf] ljj/)fM- (Details of Seasonal out Migration of Labour last year from the Sub-Project Area)
ufp+Village ;+Vof No. of people dlxgf Month ======slt ;+VofMHow many people?: ======s"gdlxgfMWhich months: 77 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
6= ljut ;fndf c:yfoL /f]huf/LsfnflucGoq&fp+jf^ cfPsfHofdLx?sf] ljj/)f (Detail of Seasonal Labour Coming from Outside of the Sub-Project area last year)
ufp+ Village ;+Vof No. of people dlxgf Month
slt ;+VofMHow Many People: ======s"gdlxgfMWhich months:
B. ;+:yfut (INSTITUTIONAL):
7= hnpkef]Qmf ;+#sf] ljj/)f established on 2061 B.s. (Details regarding Water Users' Association)
-s_ pkcfof]hgfnfu' cl# hnpkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf cGo Joj:yf s}lkmot (Remarks) ======u&gul/Psf] lyof]÷lyPg No ======Any organization prior to IWRMP intervention Yes/No No
olblyof] eg], pQm ;ldltsf] sfd / st{Jo s] lyof] < If yes, please state what the main function of the organization was for
h:t}M - _ kfgLjf+*kmf+* / ;Grfng(Operation)
- _ s"nf] dd{t tyf ;Def/ Maintenance)
- _ b)* h/Ljfgfnufpg(Empowerment to Penalty)
- _ cGoePpNn]v ug"{xf];\(If others, Specify) ======-v_ cfof]hgf s[ifssf] dfujdf]lhdcfPsf] xf]÷xf]Og Yes The Sub-Project was implemented on Farmers' demand Yes/No ======
-u_ olbxf]Ogeg] s;sf] k|of;af^ cfPsf] xf], pNn]v ug"{xf]; . If not, who has initiated and organised? Please specify ======-#_ xfnsf] ;+:yfsf] ljj/)fM(Present state of WUA)
s}lkmot(Remarks) ====== /lhi^]«zgePsf] k|df)fkq %÷%}g Yes Registration paper exists Yes/No ======Yes====== ufp+dfclkm; v*f ul/Psf] %÷%}g
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Office place in the village exists Yes/No ======No====== ;b:otfz"NshDdf u/]sf %÷%}g Membership fees are collected Yes/No ======Yes======
;+:yfsf] j}+sdfvftf ;+rfng u/]sf] %÷%}g ======Bank Account in the name of the Association Yes/No Yes(NRB) ;+:yfsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL %÷%}g ======Constitution and Rules & Regulation of Association exist Yes/No Yes pQmljwfg / lgodfjnLnfO{ cWoog u/]sf] %÷%}g ======Have the members studied the Constitution & Regulation Yes/No ======Yes======
ljwfgcg";f/ r"gfjul/Psf] %÷%}g ======Election according to the Constitution held Yes/No ======No======
sdfg If]qleqsf] pkef]Qmfx?sf] hUufsf] ljj/)f /fv]sf] %÷%}g ======Do they have list of Landholdings of the beneficiaries Yes/No ======No======
cfof]hgf ;DkGgePkl% pQm ;+:yfsf] j}&s j;]sf] %÷%}g ======After completion of the rehabilitation work have WUA held any meetings ? Yes/No ======Yes======
j}&s j;]sf] ePjif{sf] sltk^s j}&s j;]sf] % < ======If yes, how many times last year ======2 Times as per required======-ª_ hnpkef]Qmf ;+:yfsf] lgdf{)f sfo{df ;xeflutfM (Participation in Rehabilitation Works) %÷%}g ====== of]hgfth"{dfdfefulnPsf] Participation in project planning & design Yes/No ======Yes======
pkef]Qmfsf] dfujdf]lhd /]vf+sg / l*hfOg u/L
pkef]QmfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] sfdePsf] %÷%}g ======The design and alignment of the canals were discussed with the beneficiaries Yes/No ======Yes======
lgdf{)f ;ldltu&gePsf] %÷%}g ======Was a Construction Committee formed ? Yes/No ======No======
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u&gePsf] eP ;ldltn] ;lqmoe'ldsf u/]sf] %÷%}g ======If formed, did it actively participate in const. supervision Yes/No ======No======
hUufsf] If]qkmnsf] cfwf/dfhg;xeflutfePsf] %÷%}g ======The participation was carried out according to the beneficiaries' land holdings Yes/No ======
lgdf{)f k"/f ePkl% ;+/rgf k/LIf)f ug]{ sfdePsf] %÷%}g ======After the completion of the Sub-Project test run of the system was done Yes/No ======Unknown======
kfgL kl/If)fkl% cfjZossldzlgª -l%^km"^_ sfdePsf] %÷%}g ======Commissioning works were carried out Yes/No ======No======
hdfgtjfktsf] gubhDdfug]{ sfdePsf] %÷%}g ======Upfront cash deposit of was carried out Yes/No ======Yes======
lgdf{)f sfo{df u/]sf] ;xeflutfM Contribution in the rehabilitation works:
hg>ddf ======Labour man-day ======10 days per HH======
/sddf ======Cash NRs ======No======
8= hnpkef]Qmf ;+:yfn] l;+rfO{ ljefu;+u c? yk ;xof]usf]
cfsf+Iff /fv]sf] %÷%}g ======
(Do WUA expect further assistance from DOI) ? Yes/No ======Yes======
olb %, eg] s:tf] ;xof]usf] cfzfug"{x"G% < If yes, what type of assistances? 1. Extension of Lined Canal upto the tail parts …. 2. Maintenance at intake to minimize the Base scouring in intake ======
9= ;+:yfut ;d:ofx? eP pNn]v ug"{xf];\ . If they have any institutional problems, please specify.
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======No======
10= s] hnpkef]Qmf ;+:yfnfO{ ;"b[( agfpgs"g} tflndsf] cfjZostf % <
pNn]v ug"{xf];\ . Do they requires training for strengthening their WUA ? Please specify. ======No …
C. ef}lts (PHYSICAL)
11= k'gMlgdf{)f ePsf] pkcfof]hgf ;DjlGwljj/)f (Details of Rehabilated Sub-Project):
pkcfof]hgfnfu'x"g" cufl* pQm k|)ffnLjf^ ======l;+lrt If]qkmnM -/f]kgL÷lj#f_
Irrigated Area before IWRMP Intervention: (Ropani/Bigha) ======
xfn l;+lrt If]qkmn(Present Irrigated Area): ======jif]{ jfnLdf(Monsoon Crop) ,, ,, ======lxp+b] jfnLdf(Winter Crop) ,, ,, ======r}t] jfnLdf(Spring Crop) ,, ,,
12= l;+rfO{ k|)ffnL ;DjlGwljj/)f(Details regarding Irrigation System)M
of]hgf cl# ut l;+rfO{ ul/Psf] jif{
(Before-Project) (Last Irrigated Year) -s_ vf]nfaf^ gx/ tkm{ NofPsf] kfgLsf] kl/df)f -k|ltztdf_ (% of water diverted from water source into the main canal)
jif]{(Monsoon): ======
lxp+b](Winter): ======
r}t](Spring): ======
-v_ ;d:ofx?(Problems)M
-v 1_ d"xfgdf(Headworks ======Boulders deposition======81 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
======
-v 2_ d'ngx/Main canal): Problems, Specify ======Base scouring and silt deposition======
-u_ gljs/)f ;"wf/ sfo{kl% kfgLsf] kl/df)fdf
sltk|ltzt j(]sf] %, k|ltztdf ======(Increase in quantity of water flow after the rehabilitation works in percentage) -#_ l;+rfO{ If]qleq(Within Command Area)
======
D. ;Grfng tyf dd{t ;Def/ (OPERATION & MAINTENANCE)
13= l;+rfO{ k|)ffnL ;+rfngtyfdd{t ;+ef/ ;DjlGwljj/)f (Status of Operation and Maintenance of the Irrigation System)
-s_ l;+rfO{ k|)ffnLsf] ;+rfng(Operation)M
;+:yfn] l;+rfO{ k|)ffnL ;+rfngtyfsfof{Gjog u/]sf] ultljlwsf] ljj/)fM Details of WUA's activities conducted for the operation of the system:
s}lkmot (Remarks)
jflif{s sfo{qmdtof/ u/L ;+rfng u/]sf] %÷%}g ======Formulation and implementation of annual operation plan Yes/No No kfgL ;+rfngtyfljt/)fsf] lgoldttflnsf %÷%}g ======Do they schedule water operation and delivery Yes/No ======As per Required ( 1 house per day)===
pkef]Qmfx?;+u hnpkof]u ;DjlGwz"Nsp&fPsf] %÷%}g ======Does the WUA collect Water fees from the users Yes/No ======Yes======
% eg], z"Nssf] b/ slt % <
/sd -?=_ jf vfBfGg -lsnf]_ k|lt /f]kgL÷lj#f k|lt jif{ ======If yes, what is the rate ? Cash (NRs) or Grain (kg) per Ropani/Bigha per annum =====ISF as per required======
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;ldltsf] cGocfly{s >f]t %÷%}g ======Other financial resources Yes/No No
eP>f]tsf] gfd / jflif{s cfo ?======
If yes, name of resource and annual income NRs ======
kfgLkfn] lgo"Qm u/]sf] %÷%}g ======Appointment of Water Guard Yes/No ======No======
kfgLkfn]sf] jflif{s tnjslt % < ?======What is annual salary of Water Guard ? NRs
======
kfgLjf+*kmf+* ;DjlGwem} emu*f ;dfwfg u/]sf] %÷%}g ======Has WUA settled any disputes between users regarding ======water allocation Yes/No No
of]hgf cl# ut l;+rfO{ ul/Psf] jif{
(Before-Project) (Last Irrigated Year) k|)ffnL ;+rfngsf] nflusf] lhDd]jf/ % < ======Who is responsible for operation of the system ======Self ======
slthgfkfgLkfn]x? lgo"QmLul/Psf] % < -hgf_ ======How many people are employed (No.) ======None ======
jif{dfsltdlxgfsfddfnufO{G% < -dlxgf_ ======
How many months a year ? (months) ======
-v_ ;fnj;fnLug]{ dd{t ;+ef/ - Regular Maintenance Activities):
of]hgf cl# ut l;+rfO{ ul/Psf] jif{
(Before-Project) (Last Irrigated Year) s:tf] k|sf/sf] dd{t ======What types of maintenance carried out ==Removal of weeds and deposited silt====
;fndfsltk^sM ======How many times in a year : =====3 to 4 times======
s"gs"gdlxgfdfM ======83 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Main months of Activities: ====Chaitra,Jestha and shrawan======
s"n h"^]sf] jflif{s hg>dM ======Total amount labour contribution man/days : =10 days per annum per 1 house======
s"njflif{s vr{ ePsf] /sddf ?======
Total annual cash expenses NRs ======
ufp+dfdhb"/ HofdLsf] b}lgsHofnfslt %< -?=_======
What is the labour rate per day in the village ? (NRs) ======
dd{t ;Def/sf] nflucfjZos kg]{ gub>f]t Financial resources for cash expenditure in O&M from;
-s_ pkef]Qmf s[ifsaf^ ?======From users NRs ====Rs.500 to Rs.600 per annum======
-v_ h=p=;=sf] hDdfePsf] /sd ?======
WUA fund NRs ======
-u_ cGo>f]taf^ ePpNn]v ug"{xf];\ ?======
Others (specify...... ) NRs ======
-u_ cs:dftcfO{ kg]{ ;+rfng÷dd{t ;+ef/M
-h:t}M klx/f] hfg], d"xfgsf] jf+wjufpg] cflb_ Maintenance due to major natural disaster (such as landslides, washing away of diversion weir by flood)
of]hgf cl# of]hgfkl%÷utjif{
(Before-Project) (After Project /Last Year) s:tf] k|sf/sf] dd{t ======(What types of maintenance carried out) ====Gabion wall======
jiff{ofddfsltk^sM ======
(How Many Times in Summer Season?) ======
lxp+b] ofddfsltk^sM ======
(How Many Times in Winter Season?) ======
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
slt hg>dM ======
(Annual labour contribution): ======
sltvr{ePsf] /sddf ?=M ======
(Annual cash contribution in NRs): ======
vr{sf] >f]t / /sd ======
Source of financing and NRs ======
-#_ kfgLljt/)fJoj:yfM Water Management Practice:
of]hgf cl# of]hgfkl%÷utjif{ (Before-Project) (After Project /Last Year) kfgLkfnf] lgwf{/)f u/L ;Grfngul/Psf] -%÷%}g_ ======Rotational Delivery is practiced (Yes/No) ======Yes ======
kfgLsf] jf+*kmf+* ;f+rf] k|of]u u/L hUufsf]
If]qkmnjf ;]o/sf] cg"kftdful/G% -xf]÷xf]Og_ ======Proportionate distribution weirs or Wooden 'Sancho' are utilized for water distribution according to area or share (Yes/No) ======No ======
k"R%f/sf s[ifsx?n] ;do / tflnsfjdf]lhd
kfp+%g\ -xf]÷xf]Og_ ======Tail end farmers receive water in time and on schedule (Yes/No) ======Yes======
kfgLrf]g]{x? dfly s*f sf/jfxL / h/Ljfgf
ul/G% -xf]÷xf]Og_ ======Water stealing or defaulters are penalized and taken action against strictly (Yes/No) ======Yes ======
85 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
kfgL ;Grfngdf s[ifsx?n] /]vb]v tyf d/Ddt
sfo{lgoldtkfnf] ldnfO{ ul/G% -xf]÷xf]Og_ ======Farmers actively supervise the Operation and Maintenance of the system (Yes/No) ======Yes ======
14= jftfj/)fsf] l:ytL(Status of Environment)M
of]hgf cl# of]hgfkl%÷utjif{
(Before-Project) (After Project /Last Year)
jftfj/)f ;+/If)fsf] nflu s:tf] k|of; tyf ;xeflutf
ug"{eof] <======(What type of effort and contribution have they made
to protect the Environment) ======
of]hgfn] jftfj/)fnfO{ ) - ;#fPsf] %÷%}g (Project effect on Environment ======(Improved) Yes/No ======Yes======
- ljuf/]sf] %÷%}g ======(Deteriorated) Yes/No Yes (Landslide and erosion during rainy season)
of]hgfnfu'ePkl% hnfwf/ If]qsf] ;+/If)fsf] nflu
s;}af^ k|of; ul/Psf] %÷%}g ======Has there been any soil conservation work in the ======catchment area after the project Yes/No No olb % eg], s[kofpNn]v ug"{xf]nf . If yes, please specify.
======
======
E. s[lif ;DjGwLtYof+s(AGRICULTURAL DATA)
15-s_ s] To; If]qdfs"g} s[lifljsf;sfsfo{qmdx? ;+rfngeP<
ePgePsf] pNn]v ug"{xf];\ . 86 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Have they received any agricultural extension support since the Completion of rehabilitation works, please specify.
======No ======
-v_ tkfO{sf] If]qdf s[lif ;DjGwL b]lvPsf ;d:ofx? pNn]v ug"{xf]; . Please specify your problems related to agriculture. ======No hybrid seeds are available======
-u_ s[lif ;DjGwLs"g} tflndsf] cfjZostfePpNn]v ug"{xf];\ . If they need any training in agriculture, please specify.
======No ======
-#_ jt{dfg s[lif ;]jfsf] ljj/)fM (Existing support services institution)
-# 1_ s[lif k|;f/(Extension)- Yes
-# 2_ s[lif C)f(Credit)-No
-# 3_ /f;folgs dn(Fertilizer)-No
-# 4_ ls^gfzs(Pesticide/Herbicide)-No
-# 5_ jhf/ ;"ljwf(Marketing)-No
-# 6_ pTkfbg k|zf]wg tyf e)*f/ No (Processing and Storage)
= v]ltkflt ;DjlGwljj/) 16 f(Details of Crop Production):
df};d jfnLsf] gfd jfnLn] (fs]sf] If]q jfnL k|)ffnLkfqf] Season Name of Crop Total Crop Coverage Cropping Calender
k|ltzt /f]kgL÷lj#f jfnL %g]{ jfnLsf^\g] Percent Ropani / Bigha Sowing Harvesting
jif]{ wfg(Main Paddy)
(Monsoon) ds}(Maize)
t/sf/L(Vegetables)
cGo ======
87 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
lxp+b] ux"+(Wheat)
(Winter) tf]/L(Mustard)
t/sf/L(Vegetables)
cGo ======
r}t] wfg(Early Paddy)
(Spring) ds}(Maize) Chaitra Kartik
t/sf/L(Vegetables) Chaitra Kartik
cGo ======Chaitra Kartik
17= s[lif ;fdu|Lsf] :yfgLojhf/ d'Noljj/)fM
(Farm gate prices of Agricultural inputs)
-s_ /f;folgsdnsf] d'No -?= k|lt s]=hL=_ Prices of chemical fertilizer (NRs per kg)
======c= o"/LofUrea No ======cf= l*=P=kL=DAP No ======O= kf]^f;Potash No ======O{= ls^gfzsPesticides/ Herbicides No
-v_ s[lifpks/)f -?= k|lt #)^f_ Farm machineries (NRs per hour) ======c= ^]«S^/Tractor No ======cf= kDk;]^Pump set No ======O= y]|;/Thresher No ======O{= cGoePpNn]v ug]{ No Others, Please specify
-u_ >d -?=k|ltlbg_ Labour (NRs per day) 88 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
===== c= k"?if hg>dMalelabour (Rs.600-Rs.700) and Rs. 500 in average======cf= dlxnf hg>dFemalelabour ======O= xnuf]? -xln ;d]t_ Hybrid Type smaller oxes( Rs. 1500) Animal draft including the driver
-#_ jLp -k|lt s]=hL=_(Seeds NRs per kg)
jfnLsf] gfd pGgt :yfgLo >f]t Name of Crops Improved Local Source
89 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
APPENDIX III-Check list for Key Informant Interviews Check list for Key Informant Interviews District Agricultural offices 1. What kinds of activities launched in irrigated areas? - No any major activity after sub project complition 2. What is status of participation of farmers in irrigated areas due to activities by District Agricultural offices? -Active
3. How many people of this area have done any significant agricultural activities after availability of irrigation facility and support form District Agricultural offices?
-Negligible 4. What kinds of significant activities do they do?
5. How often Technician from office visit the site to instruct, monitor the farmers (WUA)?
Rarely visited 6. What are you planning for the irrigated areas in near future?
Cultivation of hybrid species of crops, Regular maintainance
7. What are the strength and weakness of the project areas?
Strengths -Can produce food to improve food sufficiency
Weakness -Not able to irrigate Tail region satisfactorily even in the monsoon season. -Bed scouring in the intake zone.
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Irrigation Development Division Office
1. Name of project Dhakmaar ISP
2. Net Command area 91 Ha
3. Canal Rehabilitation started date 2064 B.S
4. Canal Rehabilitation Completed date 2069/2070 B.S
5. Total project cost 1 Corore 35 lakhs
6. Total beneficiary household 58
7. Total population
8. WUA formation date 2064
9. Members in WUA 9
10. What is the status of WUA in irrigated areas... Active
11. State the Farmer’s involvement in the project rehabilitation and O&M?..... 2-3 days Labour contribution 12. How frequentlyTechnician from office visit the site to instruct, monitor the farmers (WUA)?... Rarely 13. What are you planning for the irrigated areas in near future for the sustainability of the project? Regular maintainance, soil conservation practice, Crop rotation etc. 14. What are the strength and weakness of the project areas? Strength -Can produce food to improve food sufficiency
Weakness -Far from division office -inadequate maintenance fund
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
APPENDIX IV- Inventory form Project Name: …………Dhakmaar ISP……………………. ……………………..
1. Project Location
District: Mustang VDC: Ghami Wards No: 8,9 Topo Sheet No.:…….. Latitude (N): 29˚05’45” Longitude (E): 83˚52’25” Access to the system:
2. Project Status ………New………………
New/Improvements/Extension Food sufficiency:For More than 6 months Sketch of the system: When rehabilitated: Project/Program/Year
……2064 to 2069/070…………………
3. History of Project (if existing)
When built Pioneer in construction By whom IWRMP Amount and resources invested: ………1 Corore and 35 Lakhs………….………………
4. Type of project
Surface water/Groundwater/Lift ……Surface………………… Type of water source: ……Chekya River……………….. 5. Command Area (ha) …………91 Ha……………
Existing ……………………… New (or extension) ……………………… 92 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Total area (ha/Ropani) ……………………… Type (Tar, Terrace, Plain etc.) (Ha/Ropani) ……………………… 6. Water source ………Chekya River………………
River name (surface or lift scheme) ……………………… Catchment area: Flow at time of visit (m3/s or l/s) …………Very High Velocity…………… Estimated minimum discharge (m3/s or l/s) ……………………… Is there any groundwater potential shallow? ……………………… Or deep tube wells or conjunctive use? ……………………… 7. Prior Water Rights
Describe all farmer managed systems serving the proposed command area or with prior rights to the water source. Explain. …………………………………………………………None………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8. Catchment condition
Agriculture land (%) Forest (%) Shrubs (%) Barren lands (%) Other lands (%) Specify major features ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. Headwork’s
Give brief description of river at proposed intake site (Slope, width, bed material, stability) …Headwork Constructed by head wall ,Recently flood has deposited boulders in the intake .The Intake is structurally safe but blockage due to heavy boulders has occured………………….
10. Canal System
Approximate length of main canal (km) 1.8Idle length (km)… …………….. Discharge at head of main canal……………… Branch canals: No of branch canals-(None) 93 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Lengths of branch canals and their irrigated areas: and lengths…………………Total (ha) Irrigated……….. ……………… 11. Canal structures
Cross drainage structures: type and size ………None………….. Siphon: type and size ………None…………… Super passage: type and size ………None…………… Aqueduct: type and size ………None…………… Division structures: type and size ………None……. Escape: type and size ……Simple weir type/Pipe outlet type… Drop structures: type and size ……Simple vertical Drop……………. Others: type and size ………………………… 12. Environmental conditions
Drainage in command area: Flood Damage in intake Escapes/natural drains Well functioning Soil toxicities low fertility suitable for Dryland farming Irrigation water quality in main and branch canals Qualitative/hygienic water
13. Water allocation and distribution
Basis of water allocation No conflict Method of water distribution: in monsoon/in winter 14. Rating of structures
SN Structures Rating condition GPS Coordinate Remarks Latitude Longitude 1 Headwork’s 29˚05’45” 83˚52’25”
2 Main Canal 3 Branch Canal 1 - 4 Branch Canal 2 - 5 Cross drainage - 6 Divider - 7 Escape 8 Drop - 9 Siphon
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
10 Super Passage 11 Aqueduct - 12 Others(Outlets) Note: Rating criteria for assessment of physical condition of canal and canal structures Rating Condition (Through Visual Inspection and consultation) 5 -Practically new and fully serviceable 4 -Generally good with no damage; only routine maintenance required; performs assigned function satisfactorily 3 - Generally good but with some deterioration or damage; need attention; still performing assigned function satisfactorily 2 - Significantly damaged or deteriorated; Suffering from deferred maintenance; Serviceability is impaired; needs urgent rehabilitation 1.-Very poor and dilapidated condition; nonfunctional; requires partial restoration or complete replacement 15. Land slide, flood and soil erosion problems
Canal Line ……Flood potential at intake, Heavy flow due to high gradient………………………………………………………………………… Command Area ………Safe but wind erosion……………………………………………… 16. Problems on existing schemes
Discuss with farmers problems with existing schemes and agree priorities for improvements. List these in order of highest to lowest priority: Unable to afford Modern tools, insufficient water supply in the Tail region etc ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. Existing Land Use within the command area
Irrigated Land (ha) …………………………………… Rainfed crop Land (ha) ………………………………….. Forest (ha) ……………………………………. Grazing Land (ha) …………………………………….. Total (h) ……………46Ha……………………
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
APPENDIX V- List of Respondents of HH Survey 1. Dhakmaar ISP, Mustang
SN Name of Respondent Gender Address Farm location
1 Jhebyang Lokte Gurung Male Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Middle 2 Kimi Gurung Male Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Middle 3 Chering Gurung Male Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Tail 4 Pema Tensing Gurung Male Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Head 5 Pasang Undu Gurung Male Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Tail 6 Jhimbalamu Gurung Female Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Tail 7 Thukden Chering Female Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Middle 8 Dawadoma Gurung Female Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Tail 9 Pemba Tenzing Gurung Male Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Head 10 Etin Gurung Male Dhakmaar, Ghami Gaunpalika Ward 02 Middle
2. Polyangtar ISP, Kaski
SN Name of Respondent Gender Address Farm location 1 Hira Lal Kumal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Head 2 Ram Lal Mal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Head 3 Shiva Prasad Nepal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Head 4 Kamal Bahadur Mal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Tail 5 Maita Kumal Female Rupa Gaupalika 3 Tail 6 Sarala Kumal Female Rupa Gaupalika 3 Tail 7 Indramaya Kumal Female Rupa Gaupalika 3 Tail 8 Khim Bdr Kumal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Tail 9 Gyaneshwor Kumal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Tail 10 Bhuwan Kumal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Tail 11 Manmaya Kumal Female Rupa Gaupalika 3 Middle 12 Ramjee Kumal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Middle 13 Gyan Bdr Kumal Male Rupa Gaupalika 3 Middle
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3. Chundikhola ISP, Tanahu
SN Name of Respondent Gender Address Farm location
1 Ram Chandra Dhakal Male Bhanu Na Pa 4 Head 2 Mahesh Thapa Male Bhanu Na Pa 2, Tanahun Tail 3 Ridya Raj Thapa Male Bhanu Na Pa 4, Tanahun Middle 4 Jhapar Bdr Thapa Male Bhanu Na Pa 4, Tanahun Head 5 Padamnath Dhakal Male Bhanu Na Pa 4, Tanahun Head 6 Dhurba Thapa Male Bhanu Na Pa 6, Tanahun Tail 7 Kit Bahadur Thapa Male Bhanu Na Pa 6, Tanahun Middle 8 Laxman Pariyar Male Bhanu Na Pa 6, Tanahun Middle
4. Tamsariya Baruwa ISP, Rupandehi
SN Name of Respondent Gender Address Farm location
1 Purushottam Kumal Male Madhyabindu NP 8 Head 2 Dhaniram Mahato Male Madhyabindu NP 9 Head 3 Uma Neupane Female Madhyabindu NP 10 Head 4 Chhannu Ram Kumal Male Madhyabindu NP 11 Head 5 Chanda Mahato Female Madhyabindu NP 12 Head 6 Motilal Pokhrel Male Madhyabindu NP 8 Middle 7 Chiranjeevi Adhikari Male Madhyabindu NP 8 Middle 8 Balkrishna Neupane Male Madhyabindu NP 8 Middle 9 Meena Kumara Kumal Female Madhyabindu NP 8 Middle 10 Bhekh Raj Bhushal Male Madhyabindu NP 7 Middle 11 Bhim Bdr Kumal Male Madhyabindu NP 8 Middle 12 Laxmi Nepali Female Madhyabindu NP 7 Middle 13 Shova Neupane Female Madhyabindu NP 8 Middle 14 Ram Bdr Kumal Male Madhyabindu NP Middle 15 Narendra K.C Male Madhyabindu NP 8 Middle 16 Shyam Bdr Kumal Male Madhyabindu NP 6 Tail
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
17 Gangaram Mahato Male Madhyabindu NP 5 Tail 18 Tara Devi Bhattrai Female Madhyabindu NP 6 Tail 19 Purna Mahatto Male Madhyabindu NP 5 Tail 20 Prem Gaha Male Madhyabindu NP 5 Tail 21 Binod Pokhrel Male Madhyabindu NP 5 Tail 22 Humnath Pangeni Male Madhyabindu NP 6 Tail 23 Yama Bdr K.C Male Madhyabindu NP 6 Tail 24 Chhabilal Pandey Male Madhyabindu NP 5 Tail 25 Bir Bdr Kumal Male Madhyabindu NP 5 Tail 26 Jamuna Mahato Male Madhyabindu NP 6 Tail 27 Bina Palpali Female Madhyabindu NP 7 Tail
5. Motipur Kadwa ISP, Nawalparasi
SN Name of Respondent Gender Address Farm location 1 Narayan Chapagain Male Butwal 19, Bhudkaiya Head Head 2 Krishna Pd Acharya Male Butwal 19, Bhudkaiya 3 Hari Ram Yadav Male Butwal 19, Bhudkaiya Head Head 4 Chhabilal Neupane Male Butwal 19, Ranibari 5 Bishnu Adhikari Male Butwal 19, Ranibari Head Head 6 Radha KC Female Butwal 19, Ranibari 7 Ganesh Bdr Gaha Male Butwal 18, Pokharapari Head Head 8 Ukuch Man Shrestha Male Butwal 19 Head 9 Ujeli Thapa Female Butwal 19 Head 10 Iman Singh Thapa Male Butwal 19 Head 11 Uma Tharu Female Butwal 19 Head 12 Umakanta Bhandari Male Butwal 19 Head 13 Kamal Thapa Male Butwal 19 Head 14 Kamal Darji Male Butwal 19 Head 15 Kamala Chaudhari Female Butwal 19 Head 16 Kamala Garti Female Butwal 19
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Head 17 Kamal Pd Adhikari Male Butwal 19 Head 18 Kriti Bagale Female Butwal 19 Head 19 Krishna Tharu Male Butwal 19 Middle 20 Chandra Singhthapamagar Male Butwal 18, Sauraiya 21 Surya Narayan Yadav Male Butwal 19, Manaharapur Middle Middle 22 Him Bdr Kunwar Male Siyari 6, Rupandehi 23 Gangaram Dhakal Male Butwal 19, Potraguga Middle Middle 24 Mandale Tharu Male Butwal 17 25 Dhrube Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Middle Tail 26 Ajaya Kumhal Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 27 Anil Yadav Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 28 Anil Kumar Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 29 Anish Bhattarai Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 30 Anish Kumar Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 31 Amrita Rana Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 32 Amrita Chaudhari Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Head 33 Amrita Yadav Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Head 34 Ambika Prasad Gupta Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 35 Udaya Raj Yadav Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 36 Udakli Kharel Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 37 Uttam Bdr Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Tail 38 Ishwori Pandey Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Tail 39 Ishwori Khanal Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Tail 40 Una Keshari Thapa Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Middle 41 Uma Adhikari Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Middle 42 Uma Kunwar Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Middle 43 Uma Koirala Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Middle 44 Indira Dotel Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Tail 45 Kamala Poudel Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Tail 46 Kamala Sharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 99 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Tail 47 Kamla Devi Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 48 Karisma Subedi Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 49 Kamalesh Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 50 Kedar Khanal Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 51 Keshab Rana Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 52 Kewali Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Head 53 Krishna Bhandari Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 4 Middle 54 Ajaya Choudhari Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Middle 55 Adalat Chaai Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Middle 56 Anarkali Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Middle 57 Anarkali Jahir Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Middle 58 Indu Kandel Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Middle 59 Indu Rana Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 60 Indra Raj Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 61 Ujeli Gurung Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 62 Ujeli Devi Shrestha Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 63 Kishor Chaudhari Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 64 Kishor Aloniya Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 65 Kishan Pun Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 66 Kunti Thapa Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Head 67 Kumari Gurung Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Head 68 Kuwari Kahar Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Head 69 Krishna Kharel Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Head 70 Krishna Gurung Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Head 71 Gole Chaai Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Tail 72 Gole Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Middle 73 Gobinda Chaudhari Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 5 Middle 74 Akalmati Lodh Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 75 Achyut Das Kharel Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 76 Akali Gaderiya Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 100 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Tail 77 Indraa Kandel Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Tail 78 Indrawoti Chaai Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Tail 79 Ishwor Chaai Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 80 Kaladhar Kharel Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 81 Udayaraj Mallah Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 82 Upendra Yadav Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 83 Upendra Sahani Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 84 Uma Aryal Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 85 Uma Ghartini Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 86 Urmia Lodh Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Head 87 Usha Mallah Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 88 Kawari Giri Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 89 Kanhaiya Lodh Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 90 Kamal Bdr Khadka Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 91 Kamal Kharel Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 92 Kamala Kumal Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Middle 93 Kangress Pd Lodh Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 6 Tail 94 Angira Pd Chaudhary Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 95 Anita Chai Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 96 Amrita Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 97 Ashok Pandey Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 98 Indrawoti Tharuni Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 99 Indraraj Mallaha Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 100 Ilaichi Yadav Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Head 101 Uma Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Head 102 Udayaraj Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Middle 103 Uma Devi Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Middle 104 Umesh Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Middle 105 Kamali Lodh Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Middle 106 Kamali B.K Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 101 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Tail 107 Kariya Loniya Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 108 Kalimon Nisha Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 109 Guriya Pandey Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 110 Govinda Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 111 Govinda Yadav Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 112 Chandra Mani Pandey Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Tail 113 Dipendra Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 7 Head 114 Ganesh Pokhrel Male Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Head 115 Ganga Sharma Pandey Female Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Head 116 Gita Chaudhary Female Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Head 117 Gita K.C Female Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Head 118 Gita Bhattrai Female Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Head 119 Ganesh Bdr Pokhrel Male Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Head 120 Khimananda Pokhrel Male Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Head 121 Ganga Arjel Female Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Middle 122 Gayatri Kohar Female Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Middle 123 Tetari Tharu Female Siyari Gaupalika, 5 Middle 125 Ankit Pandey Male Butwal 19 Middle 126 Anju Sahi Female Butwal 19 Middle 127 Anita Khatri Female Butwal 19 Middle 128 Anita Tharu Female Butwal 19 Middle 129 Indira Neupane Male Butwal 19 Middle 130 Indira Shr. Malla Female Butwal 19 Middle 131 Indrajit Thapa Male Butwal 19 Middle 132 Ishu Thapa Female Butwal 19 Middle 133 Hemlal Sharu Male Suddhodhan-2 134 Lok Bdr Ghimere Male Suddhodhan-2 Tail Tail 135 Dirgha Narayan Sapkota Male Gopalpur -2 136 Birendra Pd Tharu Male Suddhodhan-4 Head Head 137 Jiblal Khanal Male Suddhodhan-4 102 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
Middle 138 Pradeshi Chaudhar Male Suddhodhan-4 139 Bhim Bdr Rana Male Suddhodhan-2 Middle Head 140 Mina Sapkota Female Suddhodhan-2 141 Bolanath Poudel Male Suddhodhan-2 Tail Middle 142 Ajaya Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 143 Anjali Kumari Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 144 Atish Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 145 Anaru Lodh Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Tail 146 Anita Kunwar Kshetri Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Tail 147 Anita Chaudhari Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Tail 148 Anita Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 149 Anita Mallaha Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 150 Anil Kandel Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 151 Anil Chaudhari Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 152 Anil Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 153 Anil Rana Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 154 Anil Sunar Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 155 Anil Kumar Chaudhari Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Head 156 Indrajit Lodh Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 157 Indrara B.C Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 158 Ishwor Kandel Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 159 Ishwor Poudel Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 160 Uttam Tharu Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 161 Uttam Lodh Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 2 Middle 162 Anita Thapa Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 163 Anita Adhikari Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 164 Anita Bodhi Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 165 Aakash Jaishwal Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 166 Arjun Kunwar Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 167 Arjun Khadka Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 103 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
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Tail 168 Indraa Gaire Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Tail 169 Indrawoti Yadav Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Middle 170 Indrawoti Tharu Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Middle 171 Indraa Kafemalele Female Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Head 172 Udaya Kshetri Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Middle 173 Uma Goutam Male Suddhodhan Gaupalika, 3 Middle 174 Agni Pd Aryal Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Middle 175 Ajaya Chaudhari Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Middle 176 Ajhaya Tharu Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Tail 177 Urmila Gupta Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Tail 178 Ishwor Thapa Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 179 Ishwora Sapkota Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 180 Ujjol Tharu Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Tail 181 Umaraj Gautam Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Tail 182 Uma Acharya Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Tail 183 Kalawoti Kshetri Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Tail 184 Kalawoti Ahir Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 185 Kalouti Nepali Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 186 Khimananda Sharma Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 187 Khuma Rana Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 188 Khima Kala Khanal Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 189 Khim Giri Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Head 190 Khima Karki Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Middle 191 Gita Pokhrel Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Middle 192 Gita Pangeni Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Middle 193 Gujarati Lodh Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Middle 194 Chendre Gupta Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.6 Middle 195 Anuja Tharu Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Middle 196 Anuska Adhikari Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Tail 197 Anju Rokaha Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 104 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
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Tail 198 Indra Pdtiwari Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Tail 199 Indra Mani Pandey Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Tail 200 Ishwor K.C Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Tail 201 Utsav Bhusal Male Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Tail 202 Uma Bhusal Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Head 203 Indra Devi Panta Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Head 204 Kamala Pathak Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 Head 205 Kamala Budathoki Female Siyari Gaupalika Ward No.5 206 Krishna Tharu Male Butwal 19 Middle 207 Amrit Chhetry Male Butwal 19 Middle 208 Amrit Chhetry Male Butwal 19 Middle 209 Amrit Gautam Male Butwal 19 Middle 210 Amrita Giri Female Butwal 19 Tail 211 Amrita Thapa Female Butwal 19 Tail 212 Om Thapa Male Butwal 19 Middle 213 Om Prakash Tharu Male Butwal 19 Middle 214 Om Prakash Neupane Male Butwal 19 Tail 215 Om Prasad Aryal Male Butwal 19 Tail 216 Om Bdr Thapa Male Butwal 19 Tail 217 Omkar Gautam Male Butwal 19 Tail 218 Jhaderu Loniya Male Suddhodhan, 7 Head 219 Khim Bdr Chaudhary Male Suddhodhan, 7 Head 220 Khuma Devi Aryal Female Suddhodhan, 7 Head 221 Khurdi Tharuni Female Suddhodhan, 7 Head
222 Khaitan Nisha Female Suddhodhan, 7 Head
223 Ajij Muhammad Male Siyari 7 Head 224 Atij Kahar Male Siyari 7 Middle 225 Ajori Kewot Female Siyari 7 Middle 226 Khadga Bdr Tharu Male Siyari 7 Middle 227 Khadga Bdr Chaudhary Male Siyari 7 Middle 105 IWRMP Mannings Consult Pvt Ltd.
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228 Khima Tharu Female Siyari 7 Middle 229 Khedani Tharu Female Siyari 7 Middle 230 Khem Bdr Tharu Male Siyari 7 Tail 231 Khadga Bdr Tharu Male Siyari, 7 Tail 232 Khadga Bdr Chaudhary Male Siyari, 7 Tail 233 Khima Tharu Female Siyari, 7 Tail 234 Khedani Tharu Female Siyari, 7 Tail 235 Khem Bdr Tharu Male Siyari, 7 Tail 236 Ganga Bdr Tharu Male Siyari, 7 Tail 237 Gangotri Kewot Female Siyari, 7 Head 238 Ganesh Mallah Male Siyari, 7 Head 239 Gaya Pd Chaudhary Male Siyari, 7 Head 240 Ghana Shyam Kewot Male Siyari, 7 Middle 241 Ghana Shyam Tharu Male Siyari, 7 Middle 242 Chanda Tharuni Female Siyari, 7 Middle 243 Chandehi Kewot Female Siyari, 7 Middle 244 Chandra Kala Shrestha Female Siyari, 7 Tail 245 Chandra Shekher Tharu Male Siyari, 7 Tail 246 Chandra Bdr Tharu Male Siyari, 7 Head 247 Jhyapa Kafemalele Female Suddodhan 2 Head 248 Tanka Pd Dahal Male Suddodhan 2 Tail 249 Tanka Bdr Sunar Male Suddodhan 2 Tail 250 Tika Baral Female Suddodhan 2 Tail 251 Tika Devi Damai Female Suddodhan 2 Middle 252 Tekraj Tharu Male Suddodhan 2 Middle 253 Tek Bdr Sunar Male Suddodhan 2 Head 254 Top Bdr Gc Male Suddodhan 2 Head 255 Thakuri Tharu Male Suddodhan 2 Head 256 Thakendra Sarki Male Suddodhan 2 Head 257 Thakur Pd Tharu Male Suddodhan 2 Head
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258 Tara Aryal Female Suddodhan 2 Middle 259 Tara Kumari Tharu Female Suddodhan 2 Middle 260 Tera Devi Gautam Female Suddodhan 2 Middle 261 Tara Bdr Gharti Male Suddodhan 2 Middle 262 Tara Bdr Rana Male Suddodhan 2 Middle 263 Manjila Dhungana Female Suddodhan 2 Middle 264 Makhamali Sunar Female Suddodhan 2 Tail 265 Madan Sunar Male Suddodhan 2 Tail 266 Man Kumari Chapagain Female Suddodhan 2 Tail
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APPENDIX VII- List of KII 1. Officials of OPD IWRMP 2. Division Chief of Study District irrigation division office 3. DADO office 4. WUA Personal 5. Consultant Coponent A-IWRMP
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APPENDIX VIII- Field Photographs
1. Dhakmaar ISP, Mustang
FGD WITH FARMERS
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2. Polyangtar ISP,Kaski
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3. Chundikhola ISP, Tanahu
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4. Tamsariya-Baruwa ISP, Nawalparasi
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5. Motipur-Khadwa ISP, Rupandehi
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APPENDIX IX -Location Map of Sub-project selected for Impact Evaluation in Western Region
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APPENDIX X - Topo Map of Sub-project selected for Impact Evaluation in Western Region
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Final Report- Impact Study of Component-A Surface Irrigation and Rehabilitation Sub-Projects in Western Region Implemented under Original Scope of IWRMP
119
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