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Ib ] International Mwomen Pilots the Official Magazine of the Ninety-Nines® Inc
IB ] INTERNATIONAL MWOMEN PILOTS THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE NINETY-NINES® INC. Lt. Col. Eileen Collins 99, pilot of Discovery space shuttle Feb. 3. See page 5 Amelia Earhart: Eagle Equity was the #2 growth fund for 1994! According to Lipper Analytical Services, the Amelia Earhart: Eagle Equity Fund had the #2 total return among 481 growth funds for the year ending 12/31/94. One Year Total Return 17.73% without sales load 12.53% with max. 4.5% load Since Inception (3/5/93) 16.84% without sales load 13.93% with max. 4.5% load Performance data represents past performance. Investment return and principle value will fluctuate; shares may be worth more or less upon redemption than at original cost. Jill H. Travis, MBA, CFP Portfolio Manager Registered Representative of Capital Investm ent Group, Inc Distributor 1- 810- 351-4856 Ext. 30 AMELIA H EARHART EAGLE INVESTMENTS One Towne Square • Suite 1913 • Southfield, Michigan 48076 Ms. Travis is President of Amelia Earhart Capital Management, inc., the registered investment advisor to Amelia Earhart: Eagle Equity Fund. No sales load is charged for investments of $100,000 and over and a reduced sales load is charged for investments of $50,000 to $100,000. During the period covered by the return, the Advisor waived its fee and reimbursed a portion of the Fund’s expenses which increased the return of the Fund. Shares may be worth more or less at redemption than at the original purchase. Distributed by Capital Investment Group, Inc. 105 N. Washington, Rocky Mount, NC 27802, (919) 972-9922 THE 99 NEW S- INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL WOMEN PILOTS (ISSN 0273-608x) is published by WOMEN PILOTS THE NINETY NINES®INC. -
L AUNCH SYSTEMS Databk7 Collected.Book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM Databk7 Collected.Book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM
databk7_collected.book Page 17 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS databk7_collected.book Page 18 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM databk7_collected.book Page 19 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM CHAPTER TWO L AUNCH SYSTEMS Introduction Launch systems provide access to space, necessary for the majority of NASA’s activities. During the decade from 1989–1998, NASA used two types of launch systems, one consisting of several families of expendable launch vehicles (ELV) and the second consisting of the world’s only partially reusable launch system—the Space Shuttle. A significant challenge NASA faced during the decade was the development of technologies needed to design and implement a new reusable launch system that would prove less expensive than the Shuttle. Although some attempts seemed promising, none succeeded. This chapter addresses most subjects relating to access to space and space transportation. It discusses and describes ELVs, the Space Shuttle in its launch vehicle function, and NASA’s attempts to develop new launch systems. Tables relating to each launch vehicle’s characteristics are included. The other functions of the Space Shuttle—as a scientific laboratory, staging area for repair missions, and a prime element of the Space Station program—are discussed in the next chapter, Human Spaceflight. This chapter also provides a brief review of launch systems in the past decade, an overview of policy relating to launch systems, a summary of the management of NASA’s launch systems programs, and tables of funding data. The Last Decade Reviewed (1979–1988) From 1979 through 1988, NASA used families of ELVs that had seen service during the previous decade. -
Atlas Launch System Mission Planner's Guide, Atlas V Addendum
ATLAS Atlas Launch System Mission Planner’s Guide, Atlas V Addendum FOREWORD This Atlas V Addendum supplements the current version of the Atlas Launch System Mission Plan- ner’s Guide (AMPG) and presents the initial vehicle capabilities for the newly available Atlas V launch system. Atlas V’s multiple vehicle configurations and performance levels can provide the optimum match for a range of customer requirements at the lowest cost. The performance data are presented in sufficient detail for preliminary assessment of the Atlas V vehicle family for your missions. This guide, in combination with the AMPG, includes essential technical and programmatic data for preliminary mission planning and spacecraft design. Interface data are in sufficient detail to assess a first-order compatibility. This guide contains current information on Lockheed Martin’s plans for Atlas V launch services. It is subject to change as Atlas V development progresses, and will be revised peri- odically. Potential users of Atlas V launch service are encouraged to contact the offices listed below to obtain the latest technical and program status information for the Atlas V development. For technical and business development inquiries, contact: COMMERCIAL BUSINESS U.S. GOVERNMENT INQUIRIES BUSINESS INQUIRIES Telephone: (691) 645-6400 Telephone: (303) 977-5250 Fax: (619) 645-6500 Fax: (303) 971-2472 Postal Address: Postal Address: International Launch Services, Inc. Commercial Launch Services, Inc. P.O. Box 124670 P.O. Box 179 San Diego, CA 92112-4670 Denver, CO 80201 Street Address: Street Address: International Launch Services, Inc. Commercial Launch Services, Inc. 101 West Broadway P.O. Box 179 Suite 2000 MS DC1400 San Diego, CA 92101 12999 Deer Creek Canyon Road Littleton, CO 80127-5146 A current version of this document can be found, in electronic form, on the Internet at: http://www.ilslaunch.com ii ATLAS LAUNCH SYSTEM MISSION PLANNER’S GUIDE ATLAS V ADDENDUM (AVMPG) REVISIONS Revision Date Rev No. -
Atlas V Cutaway Poster
ATLAS V Since 2002, Atlas V rockets have delivered vital national security, science and exploration, and commercial missions for customers across the globe including the U.S. Air Force, the National Reconnaissance Oice and NASA. 225 ft The spacecraft is encapsulated in either a 5-m (17.8-ft) or a 4-m (13.8-ft) diameter payload fairing (PLF). The 4-m-diameter PLF is a bisector (two-piece shell) fairing consisting of aluminum skin/stringer construction with vertical split-line longerons. The Atlas V 400 series oers three payload fairing options: the large (LPF, shown at left), the extended (EPF) and the extra extended (XPF). The 5-m PLF is a sandwich composite structure made with a vented aluminum-honeycomb core and graphite-epoxy face sheets. The bisector (two-piece shell) PLF encapsulates both the Centaur upper stage and the spacecraft, which separates using a debris-free pyrotechnic actuating 200 ft system. Payload clearance and vehicle structural stability are enhanced by the all-aluminum forward load reactor (FLR), which centers the PLF around the Centaur upper stage and shares payload shear loading. The Atlas V 500 series oers 1 three payload fairing options: the short (shown at left), medium 18 and long. 1 1 The Centaur upper stage is 3.1 m (10 ft) in diameter and 12.7 m (41.6 ft) long. Its propellant tanks are constructed of pressure-stabilized, corrosion-resistant stainless steel. Centaur is a liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen-fueled vehicle. It uses a single RL10 engine producing 99.2 kN (22,300 lbf) of thrust. -
Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: a Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 | Asifa
dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 1 Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology ofDeep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 |Asif A.Siddiqi National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA SP-2002-4524 A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 Asif A. Siddiqi NASA SP-2002-4524 Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 2 Cover photo: A montage of planetary images taken by Mariner 10, the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2, all managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Included (from top to bottom) are images of Mercury, Venus, Earth (and Moon), Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and its Moon, and Mars) and the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are roughly to scale to each other. NASA SP-2002-4524 Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 ASIF A. SIDDIQI Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 June 2002 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of External Relations NASA History Office Washington, DC 20546-0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siddiqi, Asif A., 1966 Deep space chronicle: a chronology of deep space and planetary probes, 1958-2000 / by Asif A. Siddiqi. p.cm. – (Monographs in aerospace history; no. 24) (NASA SP; 2002-4524) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Space flight—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series. III. NASA SP; 4524 TL 790.S53 2002 629.4’1’0904—dc21 2001044012 Table of Contents Foreword by Roger D. -
N AS a Facts
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA’s Launch Services Program he Launch Services Program (LSP) manufacturing, launch operations and rockets for launching Earth-orbit and Twas established at Kennedy Space countdown management, and providing interplanetary missions. Center for NASA’s acquisition and added quality and mission assurance in In September 2010, NASA’s Launch program management of expendable lieu of the requirement for the launch Services (NLS) contract was extended launch vehicle (ELV) missions. A skillful service provider to obtain a commercial by the agency for 10 years, through NASA/contractor team is in place to launch license. 2020, with the award of four indefinite meet the mission of the Launch Ser- Primary launch sites are Cape Canav- delivery/indefinite quantity contracts. The vices Program, which exists to provide eral Air Force Station (CCAFS) in Florida, expendable launch vehicles that NASA leadership, expertise and cost-effective and Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) has available for its science, Earth-orbit services in the commercial arena to in California. and interplanetary missions are United satisfy agencywide space transporta- Other launch locations are NASA’s Launch Alliance’s (ULA) Atlas V and tion requirements and maximize the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, the Delta II, Space X’s Falcon 1 and 9, opportunity for mission success. Kwajalein Atoll in the South Pacific’s Orbital Sciences Corp.’s Pegasus and facts The principal objectives of the LSP Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Taurus XL, and Lockheed Martin Space are to provide safe, reliable, cost-effec- Kodiak Island in Alaska. Systems Co.’s Athena I and II. -
The Evolution of Commercial Launch Vehicles
Fourth Quarter 2001 Quarterly Launch Report 8 The Evolution of Commercial Launch Vehicles INTRODUCTION LAUNCH VEHICLE ORIGINS On February 14, 1963, a Delta launch vehi- The initial development of launch vehicles cle placed the Syncom 1 communications was an arduous and expensive process that satellite into geosynchronous orbit (GEO). occurred simultaneously with military Thirty-five years later, another Delta weapons programs; launch vehicle and launched the Bonum 1 communications missile developers shared a large portion of satellite to GEO. Both launches originated the expenses and technology. The initial from Launch Complex 17, Pad B, at Cape generation of operational launch vehicles in Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. both the United States and the Soviet Union Bonum 1 weighed 21 times as much as the was derived and developed from the oper- earlier Syncom 1 and the Delta launch vehicle ating country's military ballistic missile that carried it had a maximum geosynchro- programs. The Russian Soyuz launch vehicle nous transfer orbit (GTO) capacity 26.5 is a derivative of the first Soviet interconti- times greater than that of the earlier vehicle. nental ballistic missile (ICBM) and the NATO-designated SS-6 Sapwood. The Launch vehicle performance continues to United States' Atlas and Titan launch vehicles constantly improve, in large part to meet the were developed from U.S. Air Force's first demands of an increasing number of larger two ICBMs of the same names, while the satellites. Current vehicles are very likely to initial Delta (referred to in its earliest be changed from last year's versions and are versions as Thor Delta) was developed certainly not the same as ones from five from the Thor intermediate range ballistic years ago. -
Mercury Seven from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Mercury Seven From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Mercury Seven were the group of seven Mercury astronauts announced by NASA on April 9, 1959.[2] They are also referred to as the Original Seven or Astronaut Group 1. They piloted the manned spaceflights of the Mercury program from May 1961 to May 1963. These seven original American astronauts were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard, and Deke Slayton. Members of the group flew on all classes of NASA manned orbital spacecraft of the 20th century — Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle. Gus Grissom died in 1967, in the Apollo 1 fire. The others all survived past retirement The Mercury Seven in 1960. from service. John Glenn went on to become a U.S. Back row: Alan Shepard, Gus senator, and flew on the Shuttle 36 years later to become Grissom, Gordon Cooper; the oldest person to fly in space. He was the last living front row: Wally Schirra, member of the class when he died in 2016.[3] Deke Slayton, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter. This was the only time they would appear Contents together in pressure suits.[1] Slayton and Glenn are 1 Selection process wearing spray-painted work 2 NASA introduction boots. 3 Group members 4 Media attention 5 Status after Mercury 6 See also 7 References Selection process Although NASA planned an open competition for its first astronauts, President Dwight D. Eisenhower insisted that all candidates be test pilots. Because of the small space inside the Mercury spacecraft, candidates could be no taller than 5 feet 11 inches (180 cm) and weigh no more than 180 pounds (82 kg).[4] Other requirements included an age under 40, a Bachelor's degree or equivalent, 1,500 hours of flying time, and qualification to fly jet aircraft.[5]:14 After an advertisement among military test pilots drew more than 500 applications, NASA searched military personnel records in January 1959 and identified 110 pilots —five Marines, 47 from the Navy, and 58 from the Air The Mercury Seven in front of an F-106 Delta Dart Force[6]—who qualified. -
Information Summary Assurance in Lieu of the Requirement for the Launch Service Provider Apollo Spacecraft to the Moon
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA’s Launch Services Program he Launch Services Program was established for mission success. at Kennedy Space Center for NASA’s acquisi- The principal objectives are to provide safe, reli- tion and program management of Expendable able, cost-effective and on-schedule processing, mission TLaunch Vehicle (ELV) missions. A skillful NASA/ analysis, and spacecraft integration and launch services contractor team is in place to meet the mission of the for NASA and NASA-sponsored payloads needing a Launch Services Program, which exists to provide mission on ELVs. leadership, expertise and cost-effective services in the The Launch Services Program is responsible for commercial arena to satisfy Agencywide space trans- NASA oversight of launch operations and countdown portation requirements and maximize the opportunity management, providing added quality and mission information summary assurance in lieu of the requirement for the launch service provider Apollo spacecraft to the Moon. to obtain a commercial launch license. The powerful Titan/Centaur combination carried large and Primary launch sites are Cape Canaveral Air Force Station complex robotic scientific explorers, such as the Vikings and Voyag- (CCAFS) in Florida, and Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in ers, to examine other planets in the 1970s. Among other missions, California. the Atlas/Agena vehicle sent several spacecraft to photograph and Other launch locations are NASA’s Wallops Island flight facil- then impact the Moon. Atlas/Centaur vehicles launched many of ity in Virginia, the North Pacific’s Kwajalein Atoll in the Republic of the larger spacecraft into Earth orbit and beyond. the Marshall Islands, and Kodiak Island in Alaska. -
Launch Vehicle Family Album
he pictures on the next several pages serve as a Launch Vehicle Tpartial "family album" of NASA launch vehicles. NASA did not develop all of the vehicles shown, but Family Album has employed each in its goal of "exploring the atmosphere and space for peaceful purposes for the benefit of all." The album contains historic rockets, those in use today, and concept designs that might be used in the future. They are arranged in three groups: rockets for launching satellites and space probes, rockets for launching humans into space, and concepts for future vehicles. The album tells the story of nearly 40 years of NASA space transportation. Rockets have probed the upper reaches of Earth's atmosphere, carried spacecraft into Earth orbit, and sent spacecraft out into the solar system and beyond. Initial rockets employed by NASA, such as the Redstone and the Atlas, began life as intercontinental ballistic missiles. NASA scientists and engineers found them ideal for carrying machine and human payloads into space. As the need for greater payload capacity increased, NASA began altering designs for its own rockets and building upper stages to use with existing rockets. Sending astronauts to the Moon required a bigger rocket than the rocket needed for carrying a small satellite to Earth orbit. Today, NASA's only vehicle for lifting astronauts into space is the Space Shuttle. Designed to be reusable, its solid rocket boosters have parachute recovery systems. The orbiter is a winged spacecraft that glides back to Earth. The external tank is the only part of the vehicle which has to be replaced for each mission. -
PROJECT: CENTAUR (AC-8) (To Be Launched No Earlier Than March 29, 1966)
~~ ~~ NATIONAL AERC)NAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATI?”1 TELS W‘: ?-4IF,5 WASHINGTON, D C 20546 &q {-‘,9?5 FOR RELEASE: THURSL’.jY P.M. MARCH 24, 1966 RELEASE NO: 66-58 PROJECT: CENTAUR (AC-8) (To be launched no earlier than March 29, 1966) . ._ CONTENTS -End- r (ACCESSION NUMBER CTHRUI - z0 T (NASA CR OR TUX OR AD NUMBER) ICATEGORYj I ~~ NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WO 2-41 55 WASHINGTON. D.C. 20546 TELS. wo 3-6915 NEWS ~~~~ FOR RELEASE: THURSDAY Poi% MARCH 24, 1966 RELEASE NO: 66-58 CENTAUR DEVELOPMENT FLIGHT SCHEDULED FOR LAUNCH MARCH 29 The seventh Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle is scheduled for a development flight from Cape Kennedy no earlier that March 29. Centaur is a hydrogen-fueled upper-stage combined with an Atlas booster, designed for high-energy lunar and planetary missions. The AC-6,launched Aug. 11, 1965, completed the first phase of its development effort and the vehicle. Centaur is now operational for direct-ascent Surveyor missions to the Moon. Purpose of this mission, designated Atlas-Centaur 8 (AC-8), is to demonstrate Centaur's capability to restart its high-energy engines in the space environment following a coast period in Earth orbit, or an indirect ascent. If the coning test is successful, NASA's first operational mission using the Centaur is aimed at placing a Surveyor ;pace- craft on the Moon. The first Surveyor is scheduled for tk;e second quarter of this year. -more- 3/18/66 -2 - Atlas-Centaur vehicles also have been selected to launch Mariner spacecraft on Mars flybys during the 1969 launch opportunity. -
19630000838.Pdf
NASA SP-IO Office of Scientific and Technical Information NA110NAl AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D.C. • November 1962 front (over: Atlas-Agena B INTRODUCTION THE space research pro gram of the United States, leading in the years just ahead to manned exploration of the moon, and in the more distant future to manned exploration of the near planets, turns on the ability of our scientists and en gineers to provide the means for p'ropelling useful pay loads through the earth's enveloping atmosphere and into the void of space. For this task, launch vehicles of a number of sizes and capabilities are necessary. Con sequently, the United States is developing a family of launch vehicles ranging in size and power from the slender Scout to the giant Nova. Obviously, it would be unwise to use a ten-ton truck to carry a few parcels or to risk a break-down by overloading a small truck. Similarly, it would be im practicable to use Saturn or Nova to orbit a small, light weight group of scientific instruments, or take the risk of failure involved in placing too much weight on any size rocket. Either would be expensive and inefficient. By developing a family of reliable launch vehicles, the Nation will have available the right size for the right job and avoid the expense of employing vehicles that are either larger and more powerful than necessary, or are marginal in power for the job at hand. [ I ] • For each of the nation's launch vehicles, missions have been assigned. These missions range from scientific research and exploration to tasks vitally necessary for the national defense.