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Professor Judith Surkis 101C Van Dyck Hall [email protected]

510:335: and the World, 1789-present Fall 2014 M/Th 11:30-12:50, CA-A5

When barricades were erected in ’s Maidan Square last December and when the “Arab Spring” swept North in 2011, historical comparisons were drawn to the French Revolutions of 1789 and 1848. This course explores how modern France came to be associated with this revolutionary tradition, both its promise and its violence, and how these “French” revolutions assumed wider– indeed global– significance over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries and still today. Beyond serving as a model to be emulated– or rejected, this revolutionary history had a decisive impact on how French politics, culture, and society have been implicated the wider world: in alliances and enmities; imperial projects and international designs; the conduct of wars and projects for peace; the elaboration of new social models and culture– both high and low. In order to understand these international and transnational dimensions, this course places modern French history in its broader European, Mediterranean, and imperial contexts. We explore the histories of republicanism and rights; revolution and reaction; terror and total war; international rivalry and imperial expansion; cultural and political avant-gardes; violence and national memory; decolonization and postcolonial migration; May ’68 and contemporary challenges to the republican model.

Readings are focused on primary texts: works of political ; literature; film; legal documents; and memoirs. Authors include: Balzac, Tocqueville, Marx, Vercors, Camus, Fanon, Beauvoir

Learning Goals 1. Demonstrate understanding of the impact of the French Revolution on political history in France and the wider world 2. Explain how colonial history is central to French national history 3. Explain the ongoing importance of historical debates (about the Revolution, secularism, the Holocaust, colonialism) in France today 4. Evaluate a range of primary sources (political philosophy; literature; film; legal documents; and memoirs) 5. Be able to locate primary texts in their wider social, political, aesthetic, and intellectual contexts

Requirements: 1. Active participation in class. Please come prepared to discuss or write about pre-circulated questions (20%) 2. 1 in-class midterm, identifications and short essays (20%) 3. 1 6-8 page paper (30%) 4. Final exam, cumulative (30%)

Books on order at the Rutgers University Bookstore/Barnes and Noble and on reserve at the library Jeremy Popkin, History of Modern France, 3rd Edition. ISBN: 0131932934 Lynn Hunt, ed, French Revolution and Human Rights. ISBN: 0312108028 Michael Burns, The Dreyfus Affair: History in Documents. ISBN: 0312111673 Jean de Brunhoff, The Story of Babar ISBN: 0394805755 Vercors, The Silence of the Sea ISBN: 0854963782

All other readings available from the Sakai course website, in folders classed by meeting.

Resources • Writing Historical Essays: A Guide for Undergraduates is available from the History Department website here: http://history.rutgers.edu/undergraduate/learning-goals/writing-historical-essays • Policy on Mutual Responsibility and Classroom Etiquette is available here: http://history.rutgers.edu/?option=com_content&task=view&id=108&Itemid=147 • Resources for Students with disabilities: Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey abides by the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments (ADAA) of 2008, and Sections 504 and 508 which mandate reasonable accommodations be provided for qualified students with disabilities and accessibility of online information. If you have a disability and may require some type of instructional and/or examination accommodation, please contact me early in the semester so that I can provide or facilitate in providing accommodations you may need. If you have not already done so, you will need to register with the Office of Disability Services, the designated office on campus to provide services and administer exams with accommodations for students with disabilities. The Office of Disability Services is located in the Kreeger Learning Center, 151 College Ave, 732-932-2848. I look forward to talking with you soon to learn how I may be helpful in enhancing your academic success in this course.

Mechanics: • Class attendance is a course requirement and failure to attend will affect your grade. If you expect to be absent class, please report the reason using the university’s self-reporting website, available at https://sims.rutgers.edu/ssra/ • Electronic devices (computers; phones; tablets) may not be used for purposes other than the class • Readings should be completed for the day indicated on the syllabus. • Academic Integrity: Please familiarize yourself with the University’s policy on and the statement of plagiarism: http://history.rutgers.edu/?option=com_content&task=view&id=109&Itemid=147 • Late assignments: o Late papers will be marked down .33 for every day late

UNIT ONE: REVOLUTION, REACTION, REPETITION

WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION

Popkin, Ch. 5-6

Meeting 1: Introduction (9/4) In-class reading of the “Declaration of the Rights of Man”

WEEK 2: FROM ROUSSEAU TO REVOLUTION

Popkin, 7-8

Meeting 2: Reason and Rights (9/8) Reading: J.-J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, Preface, Book 1 Lynn Hunt, French Revolution and Human Rights (docs. 10; 14; 15; 19; 25; 27; 31; 32; 36; 39)

Meeting 3: , Virtue, Terror (9/11)

Reading: Robespierre, “Report on the Principles of Political Morality” (http://www.indiana.edu/~b356/texts/polit-moral.html); Laurent Dubois and John D. Garrigus, Slave Revolution in the Carribean (docs 21; 24; 26);

WEEK 3: NAPOLEONIC WAR AND EMPIRE

Popkin, 9-10

Meeting 4: Imperial Designs (9/15) Reading: “The Declaration of Haitian Independence,” from Laurent Dubois and John D. Garrigus, Slave Revolution in the Carribean (doc 44); Wordsworth, “Toussaint l’Ouverture”

Meeting 5: Total War (9/18) Reading: Honoré de Balzac, A Passion in the ; David Bell, “Days of Glory,” The First Total War, 223-262

WEEK 4: 1830: LIBERALISM AND EMPIRE

Popkin, 11-13

Meeting 6: A Citizen King? (9/22) Reading: July Ordinances and Protest; Constitution of 1830; cartoons by Honoré Daumier (web)

Meeting 7: Rule, Exception, and Exceptional Rule (9/25) Reading: Alexis de Tocqueville, “Essay on

WEEK 5: REVOLUTION AND SECOND EMPIRE

Popkin, 14-16

Meeting 8: 1848 (9/29) Reading: Price, the Revolution of 1848, selected revolutionary Documents

Meeting 9: Poetry of the Future (10/2) Reading: Marx, The 18th Brumaire, parts 1, 2, &7 (Marx/Engles Reader)

UNIT 2: The Triumph of the Republic?

WEEK 6: EMPIRE AND REPUBLIC

Popkin, 17-18

Meeting 10: From Empire to Republic (10/6) Marx, Bakunin, Lissagaray, Louise Michel

Meeting 11: Instituting Republicanism (10/9) • Ernest Renan, What is a Nation? • Documents: Adolphe Thiers and the Conservative Republic; The Constitution of 1875; Clemenceau on Republicanism and National Reconciliation; Gambetta on Anti-Clericalism; On the 16 May 1877 Crisis; Program of the Parti Ouvrier Francais; Jules Ferry on Education; Catholic views on Women; Secondary Education for Women

WEEK 7: EXPANDING THE EMPIRE

Meeting 12: Civilizing MIssions (10/13) Ferry on Colonization; text of 1885 Berlin Conference

Meeting 13: Republic and Empire (10/16) Reading: Isabelle Eberhardt, “Achoura;” Julia Clancy-Smith, “Islam, Gender and Identities in the Making of French Algeria,” Domesticating the Empire

WEEK 8: THE WORLD OF THE DREYFUS AFFAIR

Popkin, 19-20

Meeting 15: Culture and Politics (10/20) Reading: Michael Burns, The Dreyfus Affair: A Documentary History (first half)

Meeting 16: The World of the Dreyfus Affair (10/23) Reading: Michael Burns, The Dreyfus Affair: A Documentary History (second half)

WEEK 9: IN THE WAKE OF WAR

Popkin, 22-24

Meeting 17: War Wounds (10/27) Barbusse, Under Fire (excerpt)

Meeting 18: IN-CLASS MIDTERM (10/30)

UNIT 3: Re-membering

WEEK 10: ILLUSION AND DISSOLUTION

Popkin, 25-26

Meeting 19: The Modern Metropolis (11/3) • Reading: Jean de Brunhoff, “The Story of Babar” • Josephine Baker, “Ahé! La Conga,” Princess Tam-Tam

Meeting 20: The Popular Front and Strange Defeat? (11/6) • Reading: Fortescue and Messali Hadj, De Gaulle and Petain

WEEK 11: OCCUPATION; COLLABORATION; RESISTANCE

Popkin, 27-28 Vercors, The Silence of the Sea

Meeting 20: The Eye of Vichy (11/10) In class screening: begin “The Eye of Vichy”

Meeting 21: Resistance, Resisitantialism and Myths of Liberation (11/13) Reading: Documents, De Gaulle

WEEK 12: LES TRENTES GLORIEUSES?

Popkin, 29-30

Meeting 22: (11/17) At Home Barthes, Mythologies (excerpts) Simone de Beauvoir, “Situation and Character of Woman,” The Second Sex

Meeting 23: (11/20) Abroad Albert Camus, “The Guest,” Exile and the Kingdom

WEEK 13: DECOLONIZATION, MAY ’68 AND AFTER

Popkin, 31-32

Meeting 24: Revolution (11/24) Reading: Frantz Fanon,”Algeria Unveiled,” A Dying Colonialism

Meeting 25: Revolt and Aftermath (11/25) Reading: Nanterre statement; Todd Shepard, “Something Notably Erotic”: Politics, “Arab Men,” and Sexual Revolution in Post-Decolonization France, 1962-1974,” Journal of Modern History 84 (March 2012), 80-115

WEEK 14: REPUBLICANISM, SECULARISM, AND RETHINKING CITIZENSHIP

Popkin, 33-34

Meeting 26: The National Front and Republican Renewal (12/1)

Meeting 27: Gender, race and the future of the Republic (12/4) Reading: Joan Scott, “Symptomatic Politics,” French Politics, Culture, and Society (2005)

WEEK 15: FRENCH MODERNITY, PAST AND FUTURE

Meeting 28: (12/8) Reading: Patrick Chamoiseau, In praise of creoleness, 75-94

FINAL EXAM