Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? The current SARS-CoV2 pandemic is a social, humanitarian, and economic crisis that was predicted by experts but made worse by a failure to act proactively on those warnings. As scientists teaching and studying climate and its impacts, we believe there are three important lessons from the current pandemic that apply to our understanding of climate mitigation and adaptation in Iowa:

1. The best available science as described by professional organizations remains by far the most reliable source of information. In the face of political polarization, some have taken up the strategy of de-legitimizing science when it leads to conclusions that go against their policy goals. But distrust in expert guidance and delayed action led to increased deaths and economic loss in the US.1 In climate science, as elsewhere, our rigorous peer-review process is designed to reduce errors and bias over time and produce results with high levels of confidence. Consensus science such as publications from the national academies and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is by far the most reliable information available to decision- makers.

2. The cost of late action far outweighs the costs of prevention and preparation. Congress has allocated trillions of dollars in emergency funds to respond to the economic contraction caused by COVID-19. However, economic costs and deaths in many countries that had invested early in preventive or protective measures were greatly reduced. Similarly, researchers have identified multiple areas where preventive spending today can offset much higher costs to address climate impacts later, especially in the areas of emissions reductions and investments in resilience.2,3

3. Building community resilience against multiple threats is critical, especially for the most vulnerable among us. The disproportionate number of poor people and racial minorities who have suffered severe illness or death from this pandemic has highlighted deep inequities that weaken our entire society. Many of the same actions that reduce vulnerability to pandemics and natural disasters will also increase resilience to climatic changes. Policies and design choices encouraging healthy interactions within communities can improve supportive relationships among community members during times of crisis.4 Inequity reduces resilience, leaving poor communities, particularly communities of color, disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate-related natural disasters, just as they are to disease.5,6 Society’s increasing exposure to compound hazards (where different factors combine to make a problem worse) multiplies dangers. Examples include flooding, which displaces families during a disease outbreak, extreme heat that increases vulnerability and death among those who lack access to air conditioning or after a loss of electricity, and drought-induced food losses.

COVID-19 recovery plans have revealed unprecedented opportunities to address climate change while simultaneously rebuilding the economy. Nations around the world are now developing “green economic stimulus plans” that will direct recovery funds. Energy efficiency programs, alternative transportation, renewable energy, green jobs, electric and smart vehicles, education, research and development, and the like,7 are programs shown to return many times more than was spent.8 Our leaders should adopt comprehensive rebuilding concepts in Iowa: our smart investments now will better prepare us for the coming decades when extreme climate events (such as floods, damaging winds, heat, and drought) will become more common and more severe.

Signed by ‐ David Courard-Hauri Silvia Secchi Gene Takle Chair of Environmental Science Associate Professor Emeritus Professor of Agronomy and Sustainability Department Geographical and Sustainability Sciences Ulrike Passe Eric Tate Greg Carmichael Associate Professor of Architecture Associate Professor Co-director, UI Center for Global and Director, Center for Building Energy Geographical and Sustainability Sciences Regional Environmental Research Research University of Iowa University of Iowa Iowa State University

October 2020 Iowa Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? Matt Abbott Jennifer Barr Amy Blair Biology Instructor Scientific Editor and Writing Consultant Professor Des Moines Area Community College College of Medicine Department of Biology University of Iowa Saint Ambrose University Mahdi Al-Kaisi Professor Paul E. Bartelt Robert Blount Soil Management and Environment Professor and Chair Assistant Professor Iowa State University Department of Biology Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Karin Allenspach Department of Internal Medicine Professor of Translational Health and William D. Beavis University of Iowa Small Animal Medicine, Department of Professor Veterinary Clinical Sciences GF Sprague Endowed Chair E. Dale Broder Iowa State University Agronomy Department Assistant Professor Iowa State University Biology Jonathan G. Andelson Saint Ambrose University Rosenfield Professor of Social Science Russ Benedict Department of Anthropology Professor of Biology Garry R. Buettner Department of Biology Professor Director of Prairies for Agriculture Project Free Radical and Radiation Biology Craig A. Anderson Department of Radiation Oncology Distinguished Professor College of Medicine Department of Psychology David Bennett University of Iowa Iowa State University Professor Department of Geographical and Aaron Bunker John “Andy” Anderson Sustainability Sciences Associate Professor of Physiology Associate Professor of Supply Chain University of Iowa Department of Natural and Mathematical Management Sciences Management Department Peter Berendzen Morningside College University of Northern Iowa Professor Department of Biology David G. Campbell Marc P. Armstrong University of Northern Iowa Henry R. Luce Professor in Nations & the Professor and Collegiate Fellow Global Environment Department of Geographical and Neil P. Bernstein Professor of Biology Sustainability Sciences Professor Emeritus Grinnell College University of Iowa Adjunct Professor, Department of Earth Ryan Carnahan Mark Aronson and Environmental Sciences Professor Faculty Emeritus University of Iowa Director of Graduate Studies Department of Biology Department of Epidemiology E. Arthur Bettis III College of Public Health Professor Emeritus University of Iowa Department of Earth and Rajeev Arora Environmental Sciences Professor Cinzia Cervato University of Iowa Horticulture Professor

Iowa State University Department of Geological & Atmospheric Ryan Bezy Sciences Associate Professor of Biology Heather Babka Iowa State University Chair, Department of Natural & Applied Instructor of Biological Sciences Sciences Iowa Western Community College James Cheaney Mount Mercy University Associate Professor of Biology

Vladimir P. Badovinac Department of Math/Science Diane F. Birt Professor Ellsworth College Departments of Pathology and Distinguished Professor Microbiology & Immunology, Roy J. and Food Science and Human Nutrition Silvia Cianzio Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Professor University of Iowa and College of Human Sciences Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Iowa State University Mark Baechtel Lecturer and Director of Forensic Gail A. Bishop Russell L. Ciochon Activities, Editor, Rootstalk: A Prairie Professor of Microbiology & Internal Professor Emeritus Journal of Culture, Science and the Arts Medicine, Holden Chair of Cancer Biology Department of Anthropology Grinnell College Director, Center for Immunology & University of Iowa Immune-Based Diseases, Roy J. and Richard G. Baker Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine John D. Colgan Professor Emeritus University of Iowa Associate Professor Department of Earth and Environmental Department of Internal Medicine Sciences Andrea Bixler University of Iowa University of Iowa Professor of Biology Clarke University Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2020 2 Iowa Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? Alejandro P. Comellas Rhawn F. Denniston Andrew A. Forbes Clinical Professor of Medicine William Harmon Norton Professor of Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine Geology Department of Biology University of Iowa Department of Geology Director, Environmental Sciences Program Charles Connerly University of Iowa Professor and Director Ellen DuPre School of Planning and Public Affairs Professor Iddo Friedberg Founder, Iowa Initiative for Sustainable Biology Department Associate Professor, Veterinary Communities Central College Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Iowa Chair, Bioinformatics and Computational Lakshmi Durairaj Biology Graduate Program James L. Cornette Associate Professor Iowa State University Emeritus Professor of Mathematics Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Iowa State University Occupational Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille Laurence Fuortes A. Carver College of Medicine Emeritus Professor Kate Cowles University of Iowa Occupational and Environmental Health, Professor of Statistics and Biostatistics College of Public Health Department of Statistics and Actuarial Daniel Eberl University of Iowa Science Professor University of Iowa Department of Biology Laurie Furlong University of Iowa Professor Richard M. Cruse Biology Department Professor Vincent M. Eckhart Northwestern College Department of Agronomy Waldo S. Walker Professor of Biology Director, Iowa Water Center Department of Biology Brian K. Gehlbach Iowa State University Grinnell College Clinical Professor of Medicine and Neurology, Associate Program Director David Cwiertny Julie Ehresmann for Fellowship Programs Director, Center for Health Effects of Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine Environmental Contamination Science Department University of Iowa William D. Ashton Professor, Civil and Iowa Central Community College Environmental Engineering Fredric Gerr University of Iowa Kassandra Einfelt Professor Emeritus Associate Professor Department of Occupational and Dennis Dahms Natural Sciences Environmental Health Professor Hawkeye Community College College of Public Health Quaternary Geomorphology & University of Iowa Geochronology Kenneth Elgersma Department of Geography Associate Professor Eric Giddens University of Northern Iowa Department of Biology Energy Program Manager, Center for University of Northern Iowa Energy and Environmental Education Radford Davis University of Northern Iowa Associate Professor of Public Health Jesse Ellis Department of Veterinary Microbiology Assistant Professor of Biology Charles E. Glatz and Preventive Medicine Director of the Wilderness Professor Emeritus College of Veterinary Medicine Field Station Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Coe College Iowa State University

John Dawson Kamyar Enshayan David M. Grant Professor Director Associate Professor Mathematics, Earth and Center for Energy & Environmental Technical and Scientific Communication Environmental Sciences Education University of Northern Iowa Kirkwood Community College University of Northern Iowa Steven Green Robert L. De Haan R. William Field Professor Professor Professor Department of Biology Biology and Environmental Studies Departments of Occupational & University of Iowa Environmental Health, Department of Epidemiology, Bill Gutowski Kathleen Delate College of Public Health Professor of Meteorology Professor University of Iowa Department of Geological and Organic Agriculture Atmospheric Sciences Departments of Agronomy & Horticulture Brittany Flokstra Iowa State University Iowa State University Instructor

Department of Chemistry and

Biochemistry

University of Northern Iowa

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2020 3 Iowa Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? Prajwal Gurung Erin Irish Andrew Kitchen Assistant Professor Associate Professor of Biology Associate Professor Inflammation Program, Infectious University of Iowa Department of Anthropology Diseases University of Iowa Department of Internal Medicine Laura L. Jackson University of Iowa Director, Tallgrass Prairie Center Erwin Klaas Professor of Biology Professor Emeritus of Animal Ecology Steven J. Hall Department of Biology Natural Resources Ecology Management Assistant Professor University of Northern Iowa Iowa State University Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Kathy Jacobson Robert R. Klepper Iowa State University Professor of Biology Professor Emeritus of Chemistry Grinnell College Iowa Lakes Community College Thomas C. Harrington Professor of Plant Pathology Peter Jacobson Julia Klesney-Tait Department of Plant Pathology and Professor of Biology Medical Director of Lung Transplant Microbiology Grinnell College Department of Medicine Iowa State University Carver College of Medicine Samuel W. James University of Iowa Bin He Associate Professor and Chair, Assistant Professor Department of Sustainable and Joel N. Kline Department of Biology Regenerative Living Professor of Medicine & Occupational University of Iowa Maharishi University of Management and Environmental Health

Vice Chair for Clinical Strategy, Emily Heaton Brandi Janssen Internal Medicine Professor Clinical Associate Professor Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Biomass Crop Production Occupational and Environmental Health Medicine Department of Agronomy College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa State University University of Iowa Owen Kolstad Theodore J. Heindel Albert E. Jergens Professor of Practice University Professor Donn E. and Beth M. Bacon Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department Department of Mechanical Engineering Small Animal Medicine and Surgery and Iowa State University Iowa State University Associate Chair for Research and Graduate Studies Witold Krajewski John R. Helms College of Veterinary Medicine Director, Iowa Flood Center, Associate Professor of Chemistry Iowa State University Rose & Joseph Summers Chair in Water Department of Natural and Mathematical Resources Engineering Sciences Shonteria Johnson University of Iowa Morningside College Chair, Department of Math & Science Southeastern Community College Michael LaGier Steve Hendrix Associate Professor of Biology Professor Emeritus Chris Jones Department of Biology Research Engineer University of Iowa IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering Dennis Lavrov University of Iowa Associate Professor Brian Hornbuckle Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Professor Craig Just Organismal Biology Department of Agronomy Associate Professor Iowa State University Iowa State University Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Hans-Joachim Lehmler Keri C. Hornbuckle University of Iowa Professor Professor, Department of Civil & Occupational and Environmental Health Environmental Engineering Kristopher J. Keuseman University of Iowa Director, Iowa Superfund Research Professor of Chemistry Program, College of Engineering Department of Natural & Applied Peter Levi University of Iowa Sciences Assistant Professor Mount Mercy University Department of Environmental Science Ming-Chen Hsu and Sustainability Associate Professor Meena Khandelwal Drake University Department of Mechanical Engineering Associate Professor Iowa State University Departments of Anthropology and GWSS Louis Licht University of Iowa Adjunct Professor Mohammad Iqbal Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Professor of Geology Frederick Kirschenmann University of Iowa Department of Earth and Environmental Distinguished Fellow Sciences Leopold Center for Sustainable University of Northern Iowa Agriculture Iowa State University Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2020 4 Iowa Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? Matt Liebman Paul B. McCray Robert Mutel Professor of Agronomy Professor and Executive Vice Chair Emeritus Professor of Astronomy H.A. Wallace Endowed Chair for Department Pediatrics Department of Physics and Astronomy Sustainable Agriculture Pappajohn Biomedical Institute University of Iowa Iowa State University Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa Ajay Nair Marc Linderman Associate Professor Associate Professor David McCullough Extension Vegetable Specialist Department of Geographical and Professor of Biology, Co-coordinator Department of Horticulture Sustainability Sciences Environmental Science and Studies Iowa State University University of Iowa Director, Center for Integrative and Interdisciplinary Studies William M. Nauseef Gabriele Ludewig Director, Inflammation Program Professor, Department of Occupational & Professor of Medicine, Professor of Environmental Health, Director of Julie Meachen Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Studies, Interdisciplinary Associate Professor Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Graduate Program in Human Toxicology Anatomy Department Medicine University of Iowa University of Iowa

Terrence Lyman Paulina Mena Ted Neal Adjunct Instructor Associate Professor of Biology Clinical Professor of Science Education Biological Sciences Central College Department of Teaching and Learning, Iowa Western Community College College of Education James Merchant University of Iowa Charles F. Lynch Professor Emeritus Professor Occupational and Environmental Health, Maurine Neiman Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health Associate Professor College of Public Health University of Iowa Departments of Biology and GWSS University of Iowa University of Iowa Laura C. Merrick J. Elizabeth Maas Assistant Teaching Professor Marit Nilsen-Hamilton Associate Professor Department of Agronomy Professor, Roy J. Carver Department of Math/Science Department Iowa State University Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Kirkwood Community College Biology Jessica Meyer Iowa State University Mark T. Madsen Assistant Professor Professor Emeritus Department of Earth and Fred Ochs Department of Radiology Environmental Sciences Professor of Chemistry and Earth Science University of Iowa University of Iowa Kirkwood Community College

Amy Madsen-Smith James Michael Patrick T. O’Shaughnessy Biology Instructor Assistant Professor Professor and Associate Head for Student Biology Department Department of Mechanical Engineering Affairs and Curriculum Clinton Community College Iowa State University Department of Occupational & Environmental Health Sunil Malapati Chris Minion University of Iowa Professor of Biochemistry Professor Clarke University Veterinary Microbiology David Osterberg Iowa State University Professor Emeritus Ashutosh K. Mangalam College of Public Health Associate Professor Kenneth J. Moore University of Iowa Department of Pathology Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor University of Iowa and Pioneer Hi-Bred Professor Ulrike Passe Department of Agronomy Associate Professor of Architecture Sara E. Mason Iowa State University Director, Center for Building Energy Associate Professor Research Department of Chemistry Forest Morrisett Iowa State University University of Iowa Professor of Biology Southeastern Community College James L. Pease Dave May Associate Professor Emeritus Professor Marian Muste Natural Resource Ecology and Department of Geography Research Engineer Management University of Northern Iowa IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering Iowa State University University of Iowa Katherine McCarville Reuben J. Peters Delano Professor of Science Connie Mutel Professor Professor of Geosciences Senior Science Writer (retired) Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering & Molecular Biology University of Iowa Iowa State University

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2020 5 Iowa Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? Christine Petersen Chuck Rodrigues Melanie H. Sadeghpour Director, Center for Emerging Chemistry and Biology Instructor Professor and Program Chair Infectious Diseases, Professor, Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Studies Department of Epidemiology Iowa Western Community College Des Moines Area Community College College of Public Health University of Iowa Nilda E. Rodriguez Aliasger K. Salem Associate Professor of Biology Professor and Bighley Chair of Laura Peterson Department of Biology Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Associate Professor University of Northern Iowa Pharmacy, University of Iowa Environmental Studies Program Co-Leader, Nanotoxicology Core, Diane Rohlman Environmental Health Sciences Research Professor Center, College of Public Health, Paola G. Pittoni Occupational & Environmental Health University of Iowa Assistant Teaching Professor Director, Healthier Workforce Center of Thermofluids Fundamentals CDC Chair the Midwest, College of Public Health Paula Sanchini Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Iowa Professor Iowa State University Departments of Biology and Jane Rongerude Environmental Science Jeffrey T. Ploegstra Associate Professor Coe College Core Program Director Department of Community and Regional Professor of Biology and Planning Molly Schiel Environmental Science Iowa State University Science Instructor Dordt University Science Department Alicia Rosburg Northeast Iowa Community College Liz Queathem Associate Professor Senior Lecturer in Biology Department of Economics Michelle Scherer Department of Biology Provost's Fellow for Sustainability Donald E. Bently Professor of Engineering Grinnell College University of Northern Iowa Associate Director, NSF Sustainable Water Development Graduate Program

James W. Raich Thomas Rosburg University of Iowa Professor Professor, Department of Biology Department of Ecology, Evolution and Curator of the Drake University Rebecca Schmidt Organismal Biology Herbarium Associate Professor of Biology Departments of Biology and Chemistry Iowa State University Drake University Upper Iowa University

Mark Rasmussen Kurt A. Rosentrater Patrick S. Schnable Director, Leopold Center for Sustainable Associate Professor Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor Agriculture Department of Agricultural and of Agriculture and Life Sciences Professor, Department of Animal Science Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University and Interdepartmental Microbiology Iowa State University

Iowa State University Jerald Schnoor Brian Rumsey Co-Director Ryan Rehmeier Environmental Sustainability Center for Global and Regional Professor Administrator Environmental Research Department of Biology and Wartburg College University of Iowa Environmental Science

Simpson College Amber D. Ruskell-Lamer Timothy M. Sesterhenn Professor, Biology Associate Professor of Biology Michael J. Renner Department of Math and Sciences Department of Natural and Mathematical Professor of Biology and Psychology Southeastern Community College Sciences Department of Environmental Science Morningside College and Sustainability Ann E. Russell

Drake University Adjunct Associate Professor Paul M. Shand Department of Natural Resource Ecology Professor and Head Larry Robertson & Management Physics Department Emeritus Professor Iowa State University University of Northern Iowa Department of Occupational and

Environmental Health James A. Roth Mack Shelley College of Public Health Presidential Chair in Veterinary Professor University of Iowa Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Departments of Political Science and Clarence Hartley Covault Distinguished Statistics Jennifer G. Robinson Professor Iowa State University Professor, Departments of Epidemiology College of Veterinary Medicine & Medicine, Director, Prevention Iowa State University William W. Simpkins Intervention Center Professor of Hydrogeology College of Public Health James C. Sacco Department of Geological and University of Iowa Associate Professor Atmospheric Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Iowa State University Drake University Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2020 6 Iowa Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? Mindy Skarda Robert C. Summerfelt Channon Visscher Faculty and Assessment Co-Chair Professor Emeritus Associate Professor of Chemistry Biology Department Department of Natural Resource Ecology & Planetary Sciences Southwestern Community College and Management Dordt University Iowa State University Daryl Smith Kristina Walkup Professor Emeritus of Biology Keith S. Summerville Professor of Biology Tallgrass Prairie Center Deputy Provost Des Moines Area Community College University of Northern Iowa Levitt Distinguished Professor of Environmental Science Emily O. Walsh Tex A. Sordahl Drake University Professor of Geology Professor Emeritus of Biology Geology Department Department of Biology Dan Sundblad Cornell College Luther College Associate Professor of Sociology Department of Social Sciences Michael H. Walter Scott N. Spak Wartburg College Associate Professor Associate Professor Biology School of Planning and Public Affairs Benjamin Swanson University of Northern Iowa University of Iowa Lecturer Earth and Environmental Science Alan D. Wanamaker Muhammad A. Spocter University of Iowa Professor Associate Professor of Anatomy Department of Geological and Department of Anatomy David A. Swenson Atmospheric Sciences Des Moines University Research Scientist III Iowa State University Department of Economics Martin St. Clair Iowa State University Jun Wang Ben Peterson Professor of Chemistry Professor Department of Chemistry and Elwynn Taylor Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Environmental Studies Climatologist Emeritus College of Engineering Coe College Iowa State University Extension University of Iowa Iowa State University Charles Stanier Anna J. Waterman Professor, Chemical and Biochemical Grant L. Thompson Associate Professor of Biology Engineering Assistant Professor Department of Natural and Applied IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering Department of Horticulture Sciences University of Iowa Iowa State University Mount Mercy University

Elizabeth A. Stone Peter S. Thorne Larry Weber Associate Professor Professor and Head, Edwin B. Green Chair in Hydraulics Department of Chemistry Department of Occupational & Department of Civil and Environmental University of Iowa Environmental Health, Engineering Associate Director, Environmental Health University of Iowa Monica R. Storm Sciences Research Center Assistant Professor College of Public Health Paul Weihe Anatomy & Physiology University of Iowa Associate Professor of Biology &

Biological & Chemical Sciences Environmental Studies Alexei V Tivanski Department Biology Department Associate Professor of Chemistry Iowa Western Community College Central College Department of Chemistry University of Iowa Michael Welsh Jim Stroh Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Professor Elizabeth E. Trimmer Medicine Department of Natural and Mathematical Professor and Chair of Chemistry University of Iowa Sciences Chemistry Department Morningside College Grinnell College Ai Wen Assistant Professor Cynthia Strong H. S. Udaykumar Biology Department Professor of Chemistry Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Northern Iowa Cornell College Interim Associate Dean for Graduate Programs and Research, College of Joshua A. Weiner Laura Stunz Engineering Associate Dean for Research, Associate Research Scientist (retired) University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Department of Microbiology Professor, Department of Biology University of Iowa Richard L. Valentine Associate Director, Iowa Professor Emeritus Neuroscience Institute Department of Civil and Environmental University of Iowa Engineering University of Iowa

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2020 7 Iowa Climate Statement 2020: Will COVID-19 Lessons Help Us Survive Climate Change? Jerrold Weiss Brian J. Wilsey Lee Wymore Professor Emeritus Professor Professor of Biology Departments of Internal Medicine and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Program Director (retired) Microbiology & Immunology Organismal Biology Department of Science and Math University of Iowa Iowa State University Indian Hills Community College

Andrea Susan Wheeler Sally L. Wilson James J. Zaffiro Associate Professor of Architecture Professor Professor of Political Science Department of Architecture Biology Central College Iowa State University Iowa Valley Community College Kimberly E. Zarecor Heather Widmayer Jennifer Wojcik Professor of Architecture Scientific Editor, Scientific Editing and Associate Professor of Biology and Department of Architecture Research Communication Core Environmental Science Iowa State University Carver College of Medicine Des Moines Area Community College University of Iowa Catherine Zeman Sam Wormley Professor Associate Scientist Emeritus Environmental Health Division Principal Investigator, CNDE/IPRT/AL University of Northern Iowa Iowa State University

References:

1. Pei, S., S. Kandula, and J. Shaman, 2020. Differential Effects of Intervention Timing on COVID-19 Spread in the . MedRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.15.20103655.

2. Executive Office of the President, 2016. United States Mid-Century Strategy for Deep Decarbonization. https://unfccc.int/files/focus/long- term_strategies/application/pdf/mid_century_strategy_report- final_red.pdf

3. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014. Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Chapters 1, 6, and Annex III). Cambridge University Press.

4. Meyer, M.A., 2018. Social Capital in Disaster Research, in H. Rodríguez, W. Donner, J.E. Trainor (eds), Handbook of Disaster Research, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, Springer, pp. 263-286.

5. Islam, N., and J. Winkel, 2017. Climate Change and Social Inequality. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Working Papers, No. 152, UN, New York, https://doi.org/10.18356/2c62335d-en.

6. Levine, R.S., H.M. Johnson, D.G. Maki, and C.H. Hennekens, 2020. Racial Inequalities in Mortality from Coronavirus: The Tip of the Iceberg. American Journal of Medicine, in press.

7. CarbonBrief, 2020: Coronavirus: Tracking How the World’s ‘Green Recovery’ Plans Aim to Cut Emissions. https://www.carbonbrief.org/coronavirus-tracking-how-the-worlds-green-recovery- plans-aim-to-cut-emissions.

8. Hepburn, C., B. O’Callaghan, N. Stern, J. Stiglitz, and D. Zenghelis, 2020. Will COVID-19 Fiscal Recovery Packages Accelerate or Retard Progress on Climate Change? Oxford Review of Economic Policy, in press, doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa015

Endorser affiliations are for identification purposes only and do not reflect the views of their academic institutions. October 2020 8