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Tufts' Voice of Reason September 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 1 "Where"Where SKILLSKILL andand COURAGECOURAGE Count"Count"

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2 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 3 THE PRIMARY OURCE Vol. XXI • The SJournal of Conservative Thought at Tufts University • No. 1 D E P A R T M E N T S From the Editor 4 One year later... Commentary 6 A typical Tufts day: diverse speakers and lying liberals. From the Elephant's Mouth 9 Angry Asians and fad diets. Notable and Quotable 24 A R T I C L E S Saddam a Go-Go? 10 by Jason Walker page 10 Forget peacenik rhetoric. War with Iraq is a mistake. Bombs Over Baghdad 11 by Christian Miller The evidence is there. Oil and Trouble 15 by Tara Heumann Just how concerned should Americans be about their oil supply? Dulce et Decorum Est 16 by Sam Dangremond ROTC provides the best leadership course in America. Is the Globe Warming? 18 by Jon Halpert The answer may not be as obvious as you think. Book Review: What's So Great About America 19 by Megan Liotta page 17 Conspiracy Theory 20 by Alex Allen 911 reasons why Chomsky is wrong. Civility in Service 22 by Stephen Tempesta

THER OF ALL MO RID America cannot afford to forget the sacrifices of 9/11. THE ES! SPECIAL SECTION We will never forget... 12 A tribute to those who gave their lives in 9/11. SOURCE Case File: Richard Perle 14 All the inside info on Washington's Prince of Darkness. Al-Qaeda's Circus 23 Take a ride on the Jihad Rollercoaster! page 23

2 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 3 From the Editor THE PRIMARY SOURCE One Year Later any words have been used to de- because giving in means losing their faith in scribe the carnage of 9/11: tragic, Allah. Yes, the strikes against the US were The chaotic,M intimidating, to name a few. But the carefully gauged and done in the name of word “desperate” seems strangely absent God, but they were the acts of men who are THEHE JOURNALOURNAL OFOF CONSERVATIVEONSERVATIVE from the mouths of Americans. This word running out of ways to fi ght the West. Since THOUGHT AT TUFTS UNIVERSITY alone expresses in great detail so much of its inception, Islam has proven a popular what happened that day and in the subsequent rival to Christianity, but the predominant MEGAN LIOTTA months, yet Americans are hesitant to use it fundamentalist lifestyle is waning in the Editor-in-Chief to describe themselves. face of Western progress. These men were Bias ResponseTeam! Ask a few American kids what they as desperate to salvage their way of life as want to be when they grow up—astronaut, their victims were to salvage theirs in their Managing Editors pop star, president, fi refi ghter, archaeolo- fi nal moments. ROBERT LICHTER • News Editor gist—the answers will vary widely. Ask how On a day when two different cultures CHRISTIAN MILLER • Campus Affairs they will manage, and every kid will have clashed so violently, they simultaneously GERARD BALAN • National Affairs a plan. The nature of American society is shared one upsetting sentiment. Represen- SIMON HOLROYD • Production that every individual can determine his own tatives from both strove to maintain their TARA HEUMANN • Business future. We can grow-up to be whatever we relative dignities to the bitter end. Yet with wish, and most closed doors are the ones the global community expanding so rapidly, Assistant Editors we shut ourselves. The concept of “fate” is only one of these cultures can ultimately ADAM BIACCHI • Campus Affairs lost on Americans. When we cannot control fl ourish while the other degenerates into a JON HALPERT • Commentary something, we feel insecure, not guided by a sad relic of its former glory. ANDREW SINATRA • Humor higher power. When an outsider, therefore, The US and the rest of the Western world has authority over American life and death, have a leg-up on the Islamic East. We are Contributors we try—desperately—to regain control. already fl ourishing, and they have already NICK ABRAHAM • ALEX ALLEN This desperation was obvious last been decaying for the past hundred years. STEVEN BLEIBERG • JONATHAN FRIED September. Once death at the hands of And in the wake of 9/11, our generation has STEPHEN TEMPESTA • JASON WALKER terrorists became inevitable, many people an opportunity that our immediate predeces- REID VAN GORDER simply seized whatever control they could sors missed. We have a reason to look to the salvage. Some fl ung themselves out of win- future with fresh hope for worldwide liberty Webmaster dows hundreds of feet in the air, taking an and to take action in the name of America ALEX LEVY alternative to the fi re and rubble of the Twin with a renewed patriotic fi re. Not since the Towers. Others forced a plane to crash into end of the Cold War has American youth had Editor Emeritus a fi eld—their choice—rather than into the such a tremendous responsibility to act for SAM DANGREMOND terrorists’ target. To the frantic end, these the future of the entire world. Hopefully we Americans held to the characteristic that can fi nd innovative ways to combat enemies Founders so infuriates the Islamic East: their control new and old. We have the opportunity to BRIAN KELLEY • DAN MARCUS over life. ensure global freedom. The time has come The desperation, however, neither be- to cease looking back to our mistakes and gan nor ended with the American victims. to begin looking forward to our potential. The terrorists themselves were desperate. America, the "Great Satan," tempts good Special Thanks Muslims with its freedoms and social COLLEGIATE NETWORK promiscuity. Despite the authoritarian rule USBIC ED U CA TION AL FOUNDATION of the Taliban and other regional govern- SEPTEMBER11THVICTIMS.COM ments, American values and the wonders of individual rights have been slowly seeping into the Middle East for decades. Funda- mentalist Muslims are desperate to stop it

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4 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 5 Do you feel persecuted by graffiti on your whiteboard? The Do you want to "hold campus publications accountable for their content"?

Then the Bias Response Bias ResponseTeam! Team is there to the rescue!

Quick! To the hate-crimemobile!

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4 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 5 Commentary Many Panels, New Story of the administration. This reversion to Tufts-bashing, race-baiting rhetoric clearly echoed panels of the past. ufts University is famous for its commitment to diversity. Yet despite this vehemence there was a further indication of The University makes a point of reminding freshmen of this improvement. In the midst of Wu’s diatribe, another panelist, PJ commitmentT with the Orientation program, “Many Stories, One Andrews, interrupted and commented that the inability of Tufts to Community.” Although the program is billed in the Orientation offer a wider range of courses was more likely due to a lack of funds booklet as a unique opportunity to hear how students at Tufts “have than to anti-Asian sentiment. That this panel was diverse enough to been challenged to grow and change” at school, the panel consists of contain some common sense is a big step forward. a fairly predictable mix of racial, socioeconomic and sexual back- grounds. In past years the panel was a blatant representation of the Let Them Have Guns! administration’s guilt. It featured members of various “minority” groups bashing the Tufts community and giving the impression he Constitution guarantees us that “the right of the people that racism and hate crimes were widespread on campus. Generally to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed”—except on panelists touted diversity while telling students that they only felt airplanes.T For general safety concerns, guns have traditionally been comfortable hanging out with people or their own race or sexual forbidden on airplanes for fear that they may be used to harm oth- orientation. Bored freshmen played “guess the panelists” amongst ers, or worse, actually to hijack the plane. However, in light of the themselves and tried to correctly guess which backgrounds would be events of September 11th and continued threats, airline pilots have represented. This informal game later became THE PRIMARY SOURCE’s lobbied for the ability to carry guns themselves, for their own safety “Many Stories, One Community BINGO” game. as well as for the safety of the passengers. Like those who came before them, this year’s freshmen were The pilots have faced little opposition from the public. Two none too thrilled to be forced to attend this mandatory “diversity” separate polls have indicated that most Americans, 82 % and 76 % session. This year, however, the panelists appeared interested in giv- respectively, support the pilots’ request. Another hurdle was over- ing a fairer impression of the Tufts community. In fact, the program come last week when the Senate voted overwhelmingly to allow did a decent job overall of actually showing the personal growth of commercial pilots to carry weapons in the cockpit after the Bush people from different backgounds. This new approach was marred administration dropped its opposition to the idea. however by one major exception. The administration has cautioned, however, that a number of Junior David Wu delivered an angry speech decrying the “rac- safety and logistical issues need to be resolved, including implement- ist” institution of Tufts University. He made a point of telling the ing a training program before the estimated 85,000 pilots are allowed audience that he “hates Tufts” and is glad to be going abroad to to carry weapons. In addition, the administration also warned that be free of the intolerant atmosphere on campus. Wu said that the the Transportation Security Administration budget cannot accom- university itself condoned racism, sexism, and homophobia and modate the sizeable cost of the program, an estimated $900 million used the exoneration of THE PRIMARY SOURCE on charges of sexual to start and $250 million annually thereafter. harassment and libel as proof. Of course Wu failed to mention that The Bush administration’s first concern is valid. Although many the Source was exonerated by the rather diverse Committee on states have so many restrictions and regulations that pilots would Student Life, consisting of students and teachers as well as admin- have to jump through hoops to obtain guns, in other states, only istrators of all backgrounds. When later asked about the lack of a simple test or class is needed. Regardless of one’s background, Asian culture classes, Wu blamed the problem on the racist views however, a new training regimen will have to be implemented for the unique environment of an airplane. In the event that a melee ensued and the pilot had to use his weapon, poorly aimed bullets could actually kill more passengers than terrorists. Proper techniques must be learned to avoid such a disaster. In ad- dition, pilots should only be allowed the use of frangible bullets, which shatter on impact. Lead bullets could puncture the walls or windows of the plane, letting in outside air and causing a critical change in the cabin pressure. Pilots also need to be trained to ensure that they have complete control of their weapons at all times. The concern that a terrorist could simply steal the pilot’s gun rather than trying to sneak one onboard is a valid one. Officials should seriously consider the administration’s suggestion of a lockbox for their weapons. Finally, one must consider the cost of the program. Though the issue of increased govern-

6 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 7 ment spending is always a concern, the government should not shirk UN-productive its responsibility to the people. As Ayn Rand once said, “The only proper, moral purpose of a government is to protect man’s rights, he United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development which means: to protect him from physical violence—to protect took place in Johannesburg, South Africa from August 26th to his right to his own life, to his own liberty, to his own property and SeptemberT 4th. It promised to “bring together tens of thousands of par- to the pursuit of his own happiness.” Despite the significant cost ticipants, including heads of State and Government, national delegates of the program, giving pilots the tools necessary to defend planes and leaders from non-governmental organizations, businesses and other from terrorists is money well spent. major groups to focus the world’s attention and direct action toward meeting difficult challenges, including improving people’s lives and Reich and Wrong conserving our natural resources in a world that is growing in popula- tion, with ever-increasing demands for food, water, shelter, sanitation, popular strategy to win elections in Massachusetts is to energy, health services and economic security.” Tufts, through EPIIC, distance oneself as much as possible from the status quo even sent a delegation of students to observe the proceedings. ofA Bostonian politics. The tactic almost backfired on Republican Kofi Annan, general secretary of the United Nations, proclaimed gubernatorial candidate Mitt Romney, when critics pointed out that the summit “makes sustainable development a reality, puts us on that his residency status in Massachusetts is questionable. On the a path that reduces poverty while protecting the environment, and Democratic ticket, Robert Reich claims to be an outsider to politics works for all peoples, rich and poor, today and tomorrow.” However, everywhere. He draws attention to the fact that he has never held an beyond the hype, the conference accomplished little. The pre-negotia- elected office, only appointed ones, and he has never held office in tions failed, as delegates arrived with more than 400 disagreements to Massachusetts. Only in Massachusetts does this lack of experience the proposed plan of action. The major leaders of the world, except for appear an advantage. a preoccupied President Bush preparing for war, conducted the high Reich proudly explains in his campaign speeches his rare profile razzle-dazzle public appearances and speeches, serving as eye ability to remain a Washington outsider even during his days as candy for 4000 journalists present. With 8000 business representatives Labor Secretary under Bill Clinton. In his memoirs, Locked in and 9000 governmental officials also in attendance, the ministers and the Cabinet, he recounts his experiences in the Capital. The book bureaucrats completed the bulk of the hammering and shaping in all night highlights the biggest battles of his secretarial career—attacks by sessions. They produced a 65 page document that did more reaffirming the media during a routine press conference and harassment at a than declaring. One “accomplishment” of the summit was agreement congressional hearing. Most events display the vicious nature of to halve the number of people without basic sanitation (currently 2.4 everyday Washington politics and his appalled reaction. billion) by 2015. However, this target was already agreed to at the 2000 Reich’s stories tend to focus on his heroic characteristics. world summit. Upon closer examination, however, they appear to be no more Many people had hoped that the some agreement would be reached than wishful fiction. The public records that document most of the regarding renewable energy targets. Latin America and the European episodes in his book paint a different picture. For example, during Union both floated proposals to increase the production of clean energy, a talk given to the National Association of Manufacturers, Reich but OPEC, along with the United States, flexed their diplomatic muscles claims an audience member rudely interrogated him. When he and refused to approve any of the new targets. The United States typi- tries to answer the man’s questions, the room (full of white, male cally blocks many environmental and energy reforms mainly because executives smoking cigars) erupts into shouts of “bullshit” and “go the US faces the brunt of the costs. However, one major shortcoming back to Harvard.” In contrast, the transcript of the event is rather of the summit was a failure to reduce energy and farm subsidies. These dull, only showing “scattered applause and laughter.” In fact, this subsidies typically wreak havoc on economies and distort trade figures. episode was so far from the truth that he rewrote the entire section The United States, along with other wealthy nations, continue the mal- (among several others) in the paperback version. Now, the room is adjusted practice, in the face of simple economic theory, as a ploy to no longer filled with cigar smoke and Reich only hears some hisses simply gain political votes. Another step in place, the plan of action from the crowd. called for “a significant reduction in the current rate of loss of biologi- Some disputed elements survived Reich’s rewrite. Though they cal diversity”; however, an earlier summit recognized the high rate of also contradict public records, the press conference and congressional species extinction, and the wording is so weak that no major change hearing episodes remain largely unchanged. Reich also quotes Rep. is expected. Finally, with the financial shakeups in the United States Martin Olav Sabo (D-MN), as saying of his own party, “We’re owned on the front pages of the world newspapers, and in spite of vehement by them. Business,” and quotes former House Republican leader opposition from the US, world governments agreed to binding rules Robert Michel as saying Newt Gingrich was “out to destroy.” Both for governing international corporations. deny ever breathing these words. Reich also fell into trouble when With all the talk currently on the table, and relatively little action, he declared Bill Clinton’s endorsement of his campaign. Clinton the United Nations has planned no further expensive mega-summits. later said, “Insofar as the article stated that I encouraged Bob Reich Instead, Mark Malloch Brown, the head of the UN Development to run or supported his candidacy, it is not correct.” Program, has been appointed as world scorekeeper, and will monitor Reich is no longer an outsider to politics. His attempts to prove progress nations are making on the current resolutions. His report card otherwise only serve to further expose him as a mainstream politi- will apparently carry weight, as the World Bank and IMF will consider cian. He is learning to spin and lie with the best of them. his “grades” when determining some of their financial decisions. q

6 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 7 Fortnight in ReviewSM Comedy is allied to Justice. officials said. The plan includes a toll-free hotline for victims and seminar entitled, “When he doesn’t understand ‘no,’ shoot —Aristophanes another round.” PS Al Gore plans to go on campaign trips to Iowa and New Hamp- shire before the November elections as he steps up his political PS In Arizona, newly released information revealed that both blacks travels and fundraising, aides say. Gore’s aides also added that he and Asians have seen faster rising standards of living than white loves the sweet taste of losing. residents. Local trailer park residents were reported to have com- mented, “Sheet, yo no dem job’s geet queek wit da menoratees.” PS Connecticut Staties appointed Sgt. Nancy Vitone to serve as a liaison to the department’s gay troopers in response to allegations PS All Alabama public schools are now connected to the Internet. of workplace harassment. Apparently, some of the heterosexual During a news conference, Gov. Siegelman sent an e-mail to the workers felt uncomfortable around the night sticks and “fruit- final 142 state schools to receive Internet access. The school flavored” cotton candy. children were delighted to hear from the Governor, and were also excited that they could EARN $10,000 A MONTH AS YOU WORK FROM HOME!

PS The federal government recently purchased large tracts of land on the Kenai Peninsula in an attempt to enlarge the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Scientists say it’s home to wildlife such as moose, brown and black bears, and tundra swans. It’ll also be the site of this year’s SOURCE moose, bear, and swan -roast.

PS Emerson Holmes, who died last week at age 109, claimed he once prayed that he’d live to be 100. He was one of eight children on a Union County tobacco farm. When asked about the reasons for Holmes’ longevity, a Philip Morris spokesman explained “we also sell indulgences.”

PS Top Ten captions to this picture: PS Dried up sections of the Kankakee River in Indiana have 10. “Who will be the next American Idol?” yielded ancient Native American artifacts. University of Notre 9. “…and it does wear a party hat” Dame archaeologist Mark Schurr is said to have found limestone 8. “I wanted to give Saddam a big hug…” gambling chips. 7. “She has massive… tracts of land.” 6. “So a priest, a rabbi, and Richard Perle walk into a bar…” PS Arkansas officials have expressed concern about residents be- 5. “Come my children…come unto me!” ing chosen to star on a CBS owned "reality" show modeling The 4. “Trent Lott apologized yesterday for his obscene finger gesture” Beverly Hillbillies. One official said a dumb TV reality show could 3. “I call it my Patriot Missile.” hurt the state’s image, as he walked past the William J. Clinton 2. What the hell is Larry Flynt doing here? Presidential Library. 1. Tom Daschle suddenly understands the extent of his inadequacy.

PS Zach Osborne of the Valley Sports Little League World Championship team and his teammates got to sit in the cockpit of Air Force One after meeting with President Bush on the tarmac of Louisville International Airport. Osborne was quoted as saying, “I-I-I-I-I’m honored to, uh, to meet President B-B-B-B… SHAAROOOON!”

PS Citizens in Birmingham have formed a watchdog group to investigate tips about corruption in Alabama government. When told of the program, President Bush became angry and insisted that “no government agency will be called to investigate a woman’s chest area.”

PS A coalition of state agencies and private advocacy groups in Alabama are assembling a statewide plan to combat rape and domestic violence against women,

8 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 9 PS A California man claimed that he was innocent of wrongdoing after handing out realistic looking but fictitious tickets to people From the parked in disabled zones. The Traffic and Parking division of TUPD also continues to maintain their innocence. Elephant's

PS Top Ten Things you didn’t do during Freshmen Orienta- Mouth tion… 10. Go anywhere without ten of your newest friends. F After years of kindly advice from the pages 9. Have that “special” conversation with your roommate. of the SOURCE, organizers of “Why No Means 8. Set foot in the library. No” shockingly acknowledged our existence: the 7. See the light of day before 11 am. “rapist” in this year’s mandatory bias incident 6. Attend Film Series—sober. was reading a copy of the SOURCE while onstage. 5. Run Film Series—sober. He obviously skipped our Top Ten Ways NOT 4. Gain an appreciation for Tufts’ multiculturalism. to Get Laid during Orientation… In an email to SOURCE principals 3. Read the Observer. Sam Dangremond and Megan Liotta, feminist extraordinaire Peggy 2. Sip Hennessey and discuss Wittgenstein at DU. Barrett insisted the inclusion of the mag was incidental and no negative 1. Get laid. association was meant. She could not, however, explain the rapist’s use of a Sam Dangremond mask… Dangremond and Liotta then went back PS Vail officials have concluded that an increase in taxes will to the Conservative Compound for a celebratory cigar… Meanwhile, have to be put into effect because the city is in the red by ap- ACT activist and former fascist—er—culture rep David Wu, lambasted proximately $10 million. Councilmen added that other alternative the University during "Many Stories, One Community" for fostering was to let environmentalists burn everything down, so that city an atmosphere of hate, racism, and intolerance. During the question services are no longer needed. and answer period, one inquisitive freshman asked, “Why can’t you be a happy queer Asian instead of an angry one?” Wu was reportedly PS A wealthy county in Idaho is taking the precedent-setting stumped. stand of requiring contractors to build at least one affordable home within each neighborhood. Howard Roark has lodged an F Over at lefty “anti-Zionist” Counterpunch.com, erstwhile, sometime official complaint. professor Gary Leupp wrote a letter to Bruce Springsteen criticizing the Boss’ support of the Bush Administration’s efforts in Afghanistan. “It PS Phoenix officials have approved naming the courthouse after pains me that you’d lend your good name to support any of that shit,” Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor and the construc- Leupp opines. It pains the ELEPHANT that he broke his promise to retire… tion of a larger-than-life bronze statue of her with privately The so-called Group of Six published a 16-page pamphlet touting their funded money. No word yet on the Women’s Center’s Peggy super special diversity. Minority students will surely be offended at the Barrett bust. predominance of white on each page… In an MSNBC op-ed, Urban and Environmental Development Ass. Professor Julian Agyeman PS Top Ten things to do when “it’s getting hot in here.” suggested that China and India “are far more likely to take a sustainable 10. Take off all your clothes. development path if the White House takes a strong a leadership role.” 9. Alert your local ECO rep. Agyeman’s reportedly penned the article after sampling the fine Asian 8. Pump up your freon emitting, ozone destroying AC. cuisine from Kee Kar Lau and Golden Light. 7. Make up statistics to support global warming. 6. Hold a summit in Johannesburg. F PAA’s most infamous prez, Carl Jackson, makes his triumphant 5. Hire an underage Mexican to fan you. return from Uganda this semester. The current Tilton RA reportedly looks 4. Blame the SOURCE. considerably less portly than his pre-Afrika days. No doubt he can credit 3. Blame global warming. his successful weight loss to the Ugandan civil war and all that heavy 2. Blame Canada. lifting from his pre-trip “magazine dumpings.” 1. Turn off that stupid song. F Julia Lifschultz and Joel Wertheimer wrote opposing Viewpoints PS In the Rocky Mountain National Park, research has revealed about sorority life at Tufts. The two then vowed never again to do that growing elk populations are threatening the viability of other something so hurtful, had a playful pillow fight in their underwear, and plants and animals, their numbers reaching in excess of 3000. accidentally kissed. When questioned, Bullwinkle lit up a cigarette and said in a suave French accent, “Ah love, my sweet love…” F SWAMI ELEPHANT predicts: David Wu remains an angry queer Asian… Inquisitive freshmen commandeer the Joey in protest… Carl Jackson PS An elderly California woman accidentally struck a crowd wait- gains back all the weight and sues Dewick, Carmichael, and McDonalds ing for a ferry with her car. Several people were injured, although for marketing fatty foods to “Africans in America.” none seriously. When questioned about the incident, residents of Balboa Island commented “Adrienne!!!” F THE ELEPHANT never forgets.

8 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 9 POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT Forget peacenik rhetoric. Going to war with Iraq just sibly have anything remotely nuclear in its possession. isn't in our best interest. What kind of threat is Saddam Hus- sein? Part of the reason why the character of Saddam is so amusing on “South Park” is that the real Saddam is equally ridicu- Saddam a Go-Go? lous. The Iraqi government has not had control of Iraqi airspace since the 1991 Gulf War. More than a third of Iraqi ter- by Jason Walker ritory is demilitarized: the Shiite areas of the south and the Kurdish areas of the etween the end of the Gulf War could win the war, but whether it could north enjoy de facto independence. and 9/11, Saddam Hussein was, win peace and avoid a quagmire Even if the Iraqi government has atB most, a gadfly for the US. To be sure, that would make Vietnam look researched weapons of mass de- every time a new “crisis” involving Iraq like patty cake. struction, its military has been in occurred, many Monday morning quarter- Right now, the answer is no. tatters since the Gulf War and is backs grumbled that Bush 41 should have War with Iraq at this time is com- a shadow of its former strength. “finished the job” and taken out Saddam pletely out of step with America’s While UN sanctions have been while his Republican Guard was on the best interests. First, war is only in imperfect, Iraq’s attempts to ac- run and using its underwear as flags of one’s interest when in self-defense. quire such weaponry have likely surrender. This does not rule out pre-emptive been fraught with difficulty. The Bush 41 administration wisely strikes entirely. But the war must On the other hand, one interpreted the 1990 UN resolution autho- have some grounding in self-de- might argue, why wait until rizing the use of force only to expel Sad- fense, such as Israel’s pre-emp- Manhattan is nuked to take ac- dam from Kuwait. Liberating Kuwait was tive strike against troops massed on its tion? Why not take action now to relatively easy, with fighting mostly lim- borders in 1967 or (hypothetically) action prevent any danger, thus applying a “pre- ited to desert wastelands, but an invasion against Hitler, a credible would-be world cautionary principle” to foreign policy. of Iraq proper would not only have shat- conqueror, before 1941. Second, nations The proper response is that the odds of tered the alliance, but it would have invited properly wage war, in part, to protect Saddam acquiring a nuclear device, the chemical retaliation and forced American against specific threats to the liberty and means to deliver it to New York, and ef- troops into the dirtiest of battlefields: urban safety of its people. Wars that do not ac- fectively committing suicide by using it are warfare. Norman Schwarzkopf noted that complish this, or that actually undermine roughly the same as the odds of the Pope there were no Iraqi Thomas Jeffersons run- these values, are suspect if not immoral. converting to Branch Davidianism. ning around to replace Saddam and that One last requirement is logically essential: None of this is to suggest that Saddam most of his possible a clear definition of is a pussy cat, but the “threat” he poses successors were victory and exit The issue is not should be put in perspective. The Cuban more bloodthirsty strategy. Missile Crisis involved a nation far more and insane than whether the US could The proposed dangerous than Iraq installing nuclear he is. Even in an war with Iraq fails win the war, but warhead silos a mere 90 miles from the emasculated state, all three of these whether it could win US coast. The Soviet Union would have Saddam would pro- tests. Regarding the stood at least a small chance of surviving vide a useful buffer peace and avoid a first requirement, a counter-strike from the US, whereas Iraq between Iran and Iraq is no threat to quagmire that would would face certain annihilation. Despite Saudi Arabia and the United States at this, the Soviets still backed down in the keep the balance of make Vietnam look this time or in the face of American resolve. power in the Middle foreseeable future. like patty cake. The only plausible reason why Sad- East relatively sta- Iraqi troops are not dam would use WMD against either the US ble. Additionally, war could splinter Iraq massed on the Canadian border, and it’s or Israel is if he knew that his government among ethnic lines, igniting a regional doubtful any weapons of mass destruction was going to be obliterated anyway. After conflict. Iraq may possess could reach American all, despite having ample stocks of chemi- Of course, Iraq’s government would targets. If Iraq is really as dangerous as cal weapons, Saddam never actually used not survive such a conflict. If war came, Dick Cheney claims, none of Iraq’s im- them against the Gulf War allies. Saddam America’s military would once again mediate neighbors, not even the Kuwaitis, knew full well what the response would demonstrate why the US is the world’s seem to notice, nor are they supportive be if he did. undisputed superpower. But to be clichéd of the proposed war. Scott Ritter, the Consider further the law of unintend- about it, the issue is not whether the US former UN weapons inspector and one ed consequences. A victory in Iraq would of Saddam’s harshest critics, has testified Mr. Walker is a graduate student in the entail a military occupation of Iraq, or at before Congress that Iraq could not pos- Philosophy Department. See Go-Go on page 21

10 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 11 POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT The evidence is there. them without mercy. On top of his chemical and biological arsenal, U.N. inspectors revealed in 1991 that Saddam was extremely close to de- veloping and deploying nuclear weapons. Bombs Over Baghdad Saddam is widely regarded as a master of deception, and had prevented the U.N. from halting Iraq’s growing nuclear capabilities. Now, after an interim of four years, Saddam by Christian Miller has been able to develop weapons of mass destruction unhindered by U.N. inspections. n the wake of September 11th, the used chemical laden SCUD missiles against His constant feinting about letting inspectors American people have progressed troops, but also launched them against Is- return has lulled the rest of the world into a fromI a state of shock and sorrow to one of rael without distinguishing between military state of indifference. The current situation anger, developing a desire to seek vindica- and civilian targets. Fortunately, at that time is most analogous to having placed Saddam tion for the atrocities committed by state Saddam did not possess VX nerve gas or into a closed box with no windows, a danger- supported terrorists. At the one year anni- anthrax, or the casualty rate would have ous stance because there are no means by versary of this been drasti- which to monitor him. The present policy of tragedy, our cally higher. ignoring him so long as he remains within nation is con- The current situation is most Yet it has his borders is ineffective and does not keep cerned about analogous to having placed Sad- been widely the rest of the world safe. the possibil- r e p o r t e d dam into a closed box with no It must be emphasized that mere specu- ity of future that Saddam lation about whether Saddam Hussein has attacks and is windows, a dangerous stance now pos- weapons of mass destruction is likely not searching for sesses large because there are no means by the only justification for the agenda which preventative stockpiles of the administration currently promotes. In measures. which to monitor him. both VX and addition to the evidence publicly avail- While the anthrax, two able, there still remains a large amount of chance of another attack on such a devastat- extremely deadly biological and chemical information that only the administration has ing scale as the World Trade Center is now agents; and it is unlikely that he would access to. Most importantly, the intelligence far less, the United States must prevent any hesitate to use them. community’s experience in these situations and all threats by actively seeking out the Additionally, following the Persian Gulf gives it insight and understanding that is breeding grounds of such horrid attitudes War both the Kurds and the Shiites sought not privy to the normal American citizen. toward life—the most dangerous of which more freedom from their despotic ruler, tak- Hopefully during upcoming Congressional now is Saddam Hussein’s Iraqi regime. ing advantage of Saddam’s weakened posi- hearings new public information will be- The United States has many reasons for tion. Unfortunately, Saddam’s response was come available. ousting Saddam Hussein’s regime. The first ruthless and swift, gassing approximately Besides the concern over national of which concerns the validity of Iraq being 30,000 of his own citizens. Finally, recent security and the public safety, there are a threat to United States’ security, and other evidence has brought to light Saddam’s other important countries as well. It has been public knowl- connections factors that edge since 1980 that Saddam’s regime not with Al Qaeda. press the need only possesses chemical weapons, but also These terrorist to go into Iraq. uses them indiscriminately. For example, connections, Foremost, Sad- on September 22, 1980 Iraq became the coupled with his dam Hussein’s initial aggressor in the Iran-Iraq War in an public praise of regime is sup- attempt to gain control of the Shatt al Arab the success of ported and kept waterway. However, when the war became a the attacks on in power by a rout and Iran pushed into Iraqi territory, Sad- America, paint small minority, dam ordered the use of chemical weapons a fearsome pic- a minority that against Iranian troops and Iranian civilian ture of the Iraqi unfortunately populations. despot. While controls the Moreover, the use of the SCUD mis- these examples do not provide concrete Iraqi Republican Guard. The majority of siles containing chemical warheads provides proof of Saddam’s current intentions, they Iraq’s population is composed of the Kurds further evidence of Saddam’s willingness to constitute a strong precedent of his aggres- in the north, and the Shiites in the south, use chemical and biological weapons. Dur- sive and ruthless use of chemical weapons. both of which detest Saddam’s regime and ing the Persian Gulf War, Saddam not only These examples show that he has chemical live in deplorable conditions. The smaller and biological means to inflict serious harm Mr. Miller is a sophomore majoring in Sunni population, which has control of upon any nation and he is willing to use Math and Quantitative Economics. See Bombs on page 21

10 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 11 µ µ µ SPECIAL A SECTION µ µ µ WeWe willwill nevernever forget...forget... Gordon McCannel Aamoth•Maria Rose Abad•Edelmiro Ed Carroll•Michael T. Carroll•James J. Carson•Christoffer Emery•Doris Suk-Yuen Eng•Christopher S. Epps•Ulf Ramm Hardy•Timothy John Hargrave•Daniel Harlin•Frances Haros•LT Abad•Andrew Anthony Abate•Vincent Abate•Laurence Carstanjen•Christopher Newton Carter•Angelene Carter•James Ericson•Erwin L. Erker•William J. Erwin•Sarah Ali Escarcega•Jose Harvey L. Harrell•LT Stephen Gary Harrell•Stewart D. Abel•William F. Abrahamson•Richard Anthony Aceto•Erica Van Marcel Cartier•Joel Cartridge•Sharon Carver•Vivian Espinal•Fanny M. Espinoza•Lt. Michael Esposito•Francis Harris•Aisha Harris•John Patrick Hart•Eric Hartono•John Clinton Acker•Heinrich B. Ackermann•Paul Andrew Acquaviva•Donald Casalduc•John F. 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Barbella•Ivan Kyrillos Fairbanks Connolly•James Lee Connor•Kevin P. Connors•Jonathan J.C. Fredericks•Jamitha Freemen•Brett O. Freiman•LT Peter L. Hunt•Joseph G. Hunter•Peggie Hurt•Robert Hussa•Stephen Neil Barbosa•Victor Daniel Barbosa•Christine Barbuto•Colleen Ann Connors•Kevin Francis Conroy•Brenda E. Conway•Dennis Freund•Arlene E. Fried•Alan Wayne Friedlander•Andrew K. Hyland Jr.•Robert J. Hymel•Capt. Walter Hynes•Thomas E. Barkow•David Michael Barkway•Matthew Barnes•Sheila Patricia Michael Cook•Helen D. Cook•Jeffrey Coombs•John A. Friedman•Paul Friedman•Gregg J. Froehner•Lisa Frost•Peter Hynes•Joseph Anthony Ianelli•Zuhtu Ibis•Jonathan Lee Barnes•Melissa Rose Barnes•Evan J. Baron•Renee Barrett- Cooper•Julian Cooper•Joseph J. Coppo•Gerard J. Coppola•Joseph Christian Fry•Clement Fumando•Steven Elliot Furman•Paul James Ielpi•Michael Patrick Iken•Daniel Ilkanayev•Capt. Frederick Arjune•Arthur T. Barry•Diane G. 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Anthony Jovic•Johnnie Doctor Jr.•Angel Luis Bishundat•Jeffrey D. Bittner•Balewa Albert Blackman•Christopher Damaskinos•Jack L. D’Ambrosi•Jeannine Marie Damiani- Geyer•Cortz Ghee•Joseph M. Giaccone•LT Vincent Francis Juarbe•Karen Susan Juday•Rev. Mychal Judge•Ann Judge•Thomas Joseph Blackwell•Carrie Blagburn•Susan L. Blair•Harry Jones•Patrick W. Danahy•Mary D’Antonio•Vincent G. Giammona•Debra L. Gibbon•James A. Giberson•Craig Neil Edward Jurgens•Paul W. Jurgens•Shashi Kiran •Lakshmikantha Blanding•Janice L. Blaney•Craig Michael Blass•Rita Blau•Richard Danz•Dwight Donald Darcy•Elizabeth Ann Darling•Annette Gibson•Brenda C. Gibson•Ronnie Gies•Laura A. Giglio•Andrew Kadaba•Gavkharoy Mukhometovna Kamardinova•Shari M. Blood•Michael A. Boccardi•John Paul Bocchi•Michael L. Andrea Dataram•LT Edward Alexander D’Atri•Michael D. Clive Gilbert•Timothy Paul Gilbert•Paul Stuart Gilbey•Paul John Kandell•Howard Lee Kane•Vincent D. Kane•Jennifer Lynn Bocchino•Susan Mary Bochino•Deora Bodley•Bruce Douglas D’Auria•Michael Allen Davidson•Lawrence Davidson•Scott Gill•Mark Y. Gilles•Evan H. Gillette•Ronald Gilligan•SGT Rodney Kane•Joon Koo Kang•Sheldon R. Kanter•Deborah H. Chappy Boehm•Mary Katherine Boffa•Nicholas A. Bogdan•Darren Matthew Davidson•Niurka Davila•Wayne Terrial Davis•Clinton C. Gillis•Laura Gilly•LT John F. Ginley•Donna Marie Kaplan•Robin Kaplan•Alvin Peter Kappelmann•Charles C. Bohan•Lawrence Francis Boisseau•Vincent M. Boland•Touri Davis Ada M. Davis•Calvin Dawson•Anthony Richard Giordano•Jeffrey Giordano•John Giordano•Steven A. Karczewski•William A. Karnes•Douglas G. Karpiloff•Charles L. Bolourchi•Alan Bondarenko•Andre Bonheur•Colin Arthur Dawson•Edward James Day•Jayceryll M. de Chavez•Azucena de Giorgetti•Martin Giovinazzo•Jinny Lady Giraldo•Kum-Kum Kasper•Andrew Kates•John Katsimatides•Sgt. Robert Bonnett•Frank Bonomo•Yvonne L. Bonomo•Sean Booker•M.J. la Torre•William T. Dean•Robert J. 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Kellett•Frederick H. Kelley•James Bowers•Larry Bowman•Shawn Edward Bowman•Kevin L. Delapenha•Vito Joseph Deleo•Danielle Delie•Colleen Ann Grant Goldflam•Michelle Herman Goldstein•Monica Joseph Kelly•Joseph A. Kelly•Maurice Patrick Kelly•Richard John Bowser•Gary R. Box•Gennady Boyarsky•Pamela Boyce•Michael Deloughery•Joseph Deluca•Anthony Demas•Martin Goldstein•Steven Goldstein•Ronald F. Golinski•Andrew H. Kelly•Thomas Michael Kelly•Thomas Richard Kelly•Thomas W. Boyle•Allen Boyle•Alfred Braca•Sandra Conaty Brace•Kevin H. DeMeo•Francis X. Deming•Carol K. Demitz•Kevin Golkin•Dennis James Gomes•Max Gomez•Enrique Antonio Kelly•Timothy C. Kelly•William Hill Kelly•Robert Bracken•Sandra Bradshaw•David Brian Brady•Alexander Dennis•Thomas F. Dennis•Jean C. DePalma•Jose Nicholas Gomez•Jose Bienvenido Gomez•Manuel Gomez•Wilder Kennedy•Thomas J. Kennedy•Yvonne Kennedy•John Braginsky•Nicholas W. Brandemarti•Daniel Brandhorst•David Depena•Robert J. Deraney•Michael DeRienzo•David Paul Gomez•Ana Irene Medina Gonzalez•Jenine Gonzalez•Joel Keohane•Ralph Kershaw•LT Ronald T. Kerwin•Howard L. Brandhorst•Michelle Renee Bratton•Patrice Braut•Lydia Estelle Derubbio•Jemal Legesse DeSantis•Christian D. DeSimone•Edward Guevara Gonzalez•Rosa J. Gonzalez•Mauricio Gonzalez•Lynn Kestenbaum•Douglas D. Ketcham•Ruth E. Ketler•Boris Bravo•Ronald Michael Breitweiser•Thomas M. Brennan•Edward DeSimone•Lt. Andrew Desperito•Michael Jude D’Esposito•Cindy Goodchild•Calvin J. Gooding•Harry Goody•Kiran Reddy Khalif•Taimour Firaz Khan•Sarah Khan•Norma Khan•Rajesh A. Brennan•Frank H. Brennan•Michael Emmett Brennan•Peter Ann Deuel•Melanie Louise DeVere•Jerry DeVito•Robert P. Gopu•Catherine Carmen Gorayeb•Lisa Fenn Gordenstein•Kerene Khandelwal•Bhowanie Devi Khemraj•SeiLai Khoo•Michael Brennan•Capt. Daniel Brethel•Gary L. Bright•Jonathan Eric Devitt•Dennis Lawrence Devlin•Gerard Dewan•Simon Gordon•Sebastian Gorki•Thomas E. Gorman•Kieran Kiefer•Satoshi Kikuchihara•Lawrence Don Kim•Andrew Jay- Briley•Mark A. Brisman•Paul Gary Bristow•Victoria Alvarez Dhanani•Michael L. DiAgostino•Lourdes Galletti Diaz•Matthew Gorman•Michael Edward Gould•Yugi Goya•Jon Hoon Kim•Don Kim•Mary Jo Kimelman•Heinrich Brito•Marion Britton•Mark Francis Broderick•Herman C. Diaz•Nancy Diaz•Obdulio Ruiz Diaz•Michael Diaz-Piedra•Judith Grabowski•Christopher Michael Grady•Edwin John Graf•David Kimmig•Karen A. Kincaid•Andrew Marshall King•Lucille T. Broghammer•Keith Broomfield•Janice J. Brown•Lloyd Belguese Diaz-Sierra•Patricia F. DiChiaro•Rodney Dickens•LTC M. Graifman•Gilbert Granados•Lauren Grandcolas•Elvira King•Robert King•Amy R. King•Lisa M. King-Johnson•Brian Brown•CPT Patrick J. Brown•Bernard Brown•Bettina Jerry D. Dickerson•Joseph D. Dickey•Lawrence Patrick Granitto•Winston A. Grant•Christopher Stewart Gray•James Kinney•Takashi Kinoshita•Chris Michael Kirby•Howard Barry Browne•Mark Bruce•Richard Bruehert•Andrew Brunn•Capt. Dickinson•Michael D. Diehl•John DiFato•Vincent F. DiFazio•Carl Michael Gray•Ian Gray•Linda Mair Grayling•Timothy Kirschbaum•Glenn Davis Kirwin•Richard J. Klares•Peter A. Vincent Brunton•Ronald Paul Bucca•Brandon J. Buchanan•Greg DiFranco•Donald J. DiFranco•Alexandra Costanza Digna•Eddie Grazioso•John Michael Grazioso•Wade Brian Green•Derrick Klein•Alan D. Kleinberg•Karen J. Klitzman•Ronald Philip Joseph Buck•Dennis Buckley•Nancy Bueche•Patrick Joseph Dillard•Debra Ann DiMartino•David DiMeglio•Stephen P. Arthur Green•Andrew Curry Green•Wanda Green•Donald F. Kloepfer•Eugeuni Kniazev•Andrew Knox•Thomas Patrick Buhse•John E. Bulaga•Stephen Bunin•Christopher Lee Dimino•William J. Dimmling•Christopher Dincuff•Jeffrey M. Green•Elaine Myra Greenberg•Gayle R. Greene•James Arthur Knox•Yevgeny Knyazev•Rebecca Lee Koborie•Deborah Burford•Matthew J. Burke•Thomas Daniel Burke•CPT William Dingle•Anthony DiOnisio•George DiPasquale•Joseph Greenleaf•Eileen Marsha Greenstein•Elizabeth Lisa Martin Kobus•Gary Edward Koecheler•Frank J. Koestner•Ryan F. Burke•Charles Burlingame•Thomas E. Burnett Jr.•Kathleen A. DiPilato•Douglas Frank DiStefano•Donald Ditullio•Ramzi A. Gregg•Denise Gregory•Donald H. Gregory•Florence M. Kohart•Vanessa Lynn Kolpak•Irina Kolpakova •Suzanne Burns•Keith James Burns•Donald James Burns•John Patrick Doany•John J. Doherty•Melissa C. Doi•Brendan Dolan•Robert Gregory•Pedro David Grehan•John M. Griffin•Tawanna Kondratenko•Abdoulaye Kone•Bon-seok Koo•Dorota Burnside•Irina Buslo•Milton Bustillo•Thomas M. Butler•Patrick Edward Dolan•Neil Dollard•James Joseph Domanico•Benilda P. Griffin•Joan D. Griffith•Warren Grifka•Ramon Grijalvo•Joseph Kopiczko•Scott Kopytko•Bojan Kostic•Danielle Kousoulis•David Byrne•Timothy G. Byrne•Daniel Martin Caballero•Jesus Domingo•Geronimo Jerome Mark Patrick Dominguez•Charles F. Grillo•David Grimner•REV Francis E. Grogan•Linda Kovalcin•John J. Kren•William Krukowski•Lyudmila Cabezas•Lillian Caceres•Brian Joseph Cachia•Steven Dominguez•Albert Dominguez•LT Kevin W. Donnelly•Jacqueline Gronlund•Kenneth Grouzalis•Joseph Grzelak•Matthew J. Ksido•Toshiya Kuge•Shekhar Kumar•Kenneth Kumpel•Frederick Cafiero•Richard M. Caggiano•Cecile M. Caguicla•Michael John Donovan•William Howard Donovan Jr.•Stephen Dorf•Thomas Grzymalski•Robert Joseph Gschaar•Liming Michael Gu•Richard Kuo•Patricia Kuras•Nauka Kushitani•Thomas Kuveikis•Victor Cahill•Scott W. Cahill•Thomas J. Cahill•John Cahill•George Dowd•Lt. Kevin Dowdell•Mary Yolanda Dowling•Ray M. Guadagno•Jose A. Guadalupe•Yan Guan•Geoffrey E. Guja•Lt. Kwarkye•Kui Fai Kwok•Angela R. Kyte•Nataly de la Cruz•Kathryn Cain•Salvatore B. Calabro•Joseph Calandrillo•Philip V. Downey•Frank Joseph Doyle•Joseph M. Doyle•Randy Joseph Gullickson•Babita Guman•Douglas B. Gurian•Janet H. L. Laborie•Amarnauth Lachhman•Andrew LaCorte•Ganesh Calcagno•Edward Calderon•SFC Olmedo Jose Orlando Drake•Stephen Patrick Driscoll•Patrick Driscoll•Charles Gustafson•Philip T. Guza•Sabita Guzman•Barbara Ladkat•James P. Ladley•Daniel M. Van Laere•Joseph A. Calderon•Kenneth Marcus Caldwell•Dominick E. Calia•Felix Droz•Mirna A. Duarte•Luke A. Dudek•Gerard Duffy•Thomas Guzzardo•Peter Gyulavary•Gary Robert Haag•Andrea Lyn Lafalce•Jeanette LaFond-Menichino•David LaForge•Michael Bobby Calixte•CPT Frank Callahan•Liam Callahan•Suzanne W. Duffy•Christopher Michael Duffy•Michael Joseph Haberman•Barbara M. Habib•Paige Farley Hackel•Philip Patrick LaForte•Alan Lafranco•Juan Lafuente•Neil K. Lai•Vincent Calley•Luigi Calvi•Roko Camaj•Michael Cammarata•Jill Marie Duffy•Antoinette Duger•Jackie Sayegh Duggan•Sareve Haentzler•Nizam A. Hafiz•Karen Hagerty•Steven Hagis•Mary A. Laieta•William David Lake•Franco Lalama•Chow Kwan Campbell•Robert Arthur Campbell•David Otey Campbell•Geoffrey Dukat•Christopher Joseph Dunne•Richard A. Dunstan•Patrick Lou Hague•David Halderman•Maile Rachel Hale•Diane Hale- Lam•Michael Scott Lamana•Stephen LaMantia•Amy Hope Thomas Campbell•Sandra Patricia Campbell•Juan Ortega Thomas Dwyer•Joseph Anthony Eacobacci•John Bruce McKinzy•Vaswald George Hall•Richard Hall•Stanley Hall•Robert Lamonsoff•Robert T. Lane•Brendan M. Lang•Rosanne P. Campos•Sean Canavan•John A. Candela•Vincent Eagleson•Robert D. Eaton•Dean P. Eberling •Margaret Ruth John Halligan•LT Vincent Gerard Halloran•Carolyn B. Lang•Vanessa Langer•Mary Lou Langley•Thomas Langone•Peter Cangelosi•Stephen J. Cangialosi•Lisa B. Cannava•Brian Echtermann•Paul Robert Eckna•Constantine Gus Halmon•James D. Halvorson•Mohammed Salman J. Langone•Norma Langsteuerle•Michele B. Lanza•Ruth Sheila Cannizzaro•Michael R. Canty•Robin Caplin•Louis A. Economos•Michael Hardy Edwards•Dennis Michael Hamdani•Felicia Hamilton•Robert Hamilton•Carl Lapin•Carol Ann LaPlante•Ingeborg Lariby•Robin Larkey•Judy Caporicci•Jonathan N. Cappello•James Christopher Edwards•Barbara Edwards•Christine Egan•Samantha Hammond•Frederic Kim Han•Christopher James Hanley•Sean Larocque•Christopher Randall Larrabee•Hamidou S. Larry•Scott Cappers•Richard12 M.T Caproni•JoseHE PRIMARY Cardona•Dennis SOURCE M ,Egan•Michael SEPTEMBER Egan•Lisa 11, Egan•Capt. 2002 Martin Egan•Carole Hanley•Valerie Joan Hanna•Thomas Hannafin•Kevin James Larsen•John Adam Larson•Jude Larson•Natalie Larson•N. Janis THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 13 Carey•Edward Carlino•Michael Scott Carlo•David G. Eggert•John Ernst Eichler•Eric Adam Eisenberg•Daphne F. Hannaford•Michael L. Hannan•Dana Hannon•Peter Lasden•Gary E. Lasko•Nicholas C. Lassman•Paul Carlone•Rosemarie C. Carlson•Mark Stephen Carney•Joyce Ann Elder•Michael J. Elferis•Valerie Silver Ellis•Mark J. Ellis•Albert Hanson•Susan Hanson•Christine Hanson•Vassilios G. Laszczynski•Jeffrey Latouche•Oscar de Laura•Cristina de Carpeneto•Alicia Acevedo Carranza•Jeremy M. Carrington•Peter Alfy William Elmarry•Robert Randolph Elseth•Edgar H. Haramis•James A. Haran•Gerald Hardacre•Jeffrey P. Laura•Charles Laurencin•Stephen James Lauria•Maria µ µ µ SPECIAL A SECTION µ µ µ We will never forget... Lavache•Denis F. Lavelle•Jeannine M. LaVerde•Anna A. Monyak•Capt. Thomas Moody•Sharon Moore•Krishna Rapoport•Robert Arthur Rasmussen•Rhonda S. Rasmussen•Amenia Stewart•Sanford M. Stoller•Lonny J. Stone•Douglas Stone•Jimmy Laverty•Steven Lawn•Robert A. Lawrence•Nathaniel Moorthy•Laura Lee Morabito•Abner Morales•Carlos Rasool•Roger Mark Rasweiler•Marsha Dianah Ratchford•David Nevill Storey•Timothy Stout•Thomas S. Strada•James J. Lawson•David W. Laychak•Eugen Lazar•James Patrick Leahy•LT Morales•Paula Morales•John Moran•John Christopher Alan James Rathkey•William Ralph Raub•Gerard Rauzi•Alexey Straine•Edward W. Straub•George Strauch•Edward T. Joseph Gerard Leavey•Neil Leavy•Robert LeBlanc•Leon Moran•Kathleen Moran•Jerry Moran•Lindsay S. Razuvaev•Gregory Reda•Sarah Prothero Redheffer•Michele Strauss•Steven R. Strauss•SGM Larry L. Strickland•Steven F. Lebor•Kenneth Charles Ledee•Alan J. Lederman•Elena Morehouse•George Morell•Steven P. Morello•Vincent S. Reed•Judith A. Reese•Donald J. Regan•LT Robert M. Strobert•Walwyn W. Stuart•Benjamin Suarez•Ramon Ledesma•Alexis Leduc•David S. Lee•Kathryn Blair Lee•Hyun- Morello•Arturo Alva Moreno•Yvette Nicole Moreno•Dorothy Regan•Thomas M. Regan•Christian Michael Otto Suarez•David S. Suarez•Xavier Suarez•Yoichi Sugiyama•William joon Paul Lee•Juanita Lee•Myung-woo Lee•Yang Der Lee•Gary Morgan•Richard Morgan•Nancy Morgenstern•Sanae Mori•Blanca Regenhard•Howard Reich•Gregg Reidy•James B. Reilly•Timothy Christopher Sugra•Daniel Suhr•David Marc Sullins•Patrick H. Lee•Jong-min Lee•Lorraine Lee•Richard Y.C. Lee•Stuart Morocho•Leonel Morocho•Dennis G. Moroney•Seth A. E. Reilly•Kevin O. Reilly•Joseph Reina•Thomas Barnes Sullivan•LT Christopher P. Sullivan•Thomas Sullivan•Hilario Soo-Jin Lee•Linda C. Lee•Daniel John Lee•Dong Lee•Stephen Morris•Lynne Irene Morris•Stephen Philip Morris•Odessa V. Reinig•Frank B. Reisman•Joshua Scott Reiss•Karen Renda•John Soriano •Larry Sumaya•James Joseph Suozzo•Colleen Lefkowitz•Adriana Legro•Edward J. Lehman•Eric Andrew Morris•Christopher M. Morrison•Ferdinand V. Morrone•William Armand Reo•Richard Rescorla•Sylvia San Pio Resta•John Thomas Supinski•Robert Sutcliffe •Selina Sutter•Claudia Suzette Lehrfeld•David Ralph Leistman•David Prudencio LeMagne•Joseph David Moskal•Brian Anthony Moss•Manuel Da Mota•Marco Resta•Martha M. Reszke•David Retik•Todd Reuben•Eduvigis Sutton•John F. Swaine•Kristine M. Swearson•Brian Edward A. Lenihan•John J. Lennon•John Robinson Lenoir•Jorge Luis Motroni•Chung Mou•Iouri A. Mouchinski•Jude J. Moussa•Peter Eddie Reyes •Bruce A. Reynolds•John Frederick Rhodes•Francis S. Sweeney•Madeline Sweeney•Brian D. Sweeney•Kenneth J. Leon•Matthew Gerard Leonard•Michael Lepore•Charles Antoine C. Moutos•Damion Mowatt•Ted H. Moy•Christopher Riccardelli•Rudolph N. Riccio •AnnMarie Davi Riccoboni•Eileen Swensen•Thomas F. Swift•Derek O. Sword•Kevin T. Szocik•Gina Lesperance•Jeffrey Earle LeVeen•John D. Levi•Alisha Caren Mozzillo•Stephen V. Mulderry•Richard Muldowney•Michael D. Mary Rice•David Rice•Kenneth F. Rice•LT Vernon Allan Sztejnberg•Norbert P. Szurkowski •Harry Taback•Joann Levin•Neil D. Levin•Robert Levine•Robert M. Levine•Shai Mullan•Dennis Michael Mulligan•Peter James Mulligan•Michael Richard•Cecelia E. Richard•Claude D. Richards•Gregory Tabeek•Norma C. Taddei•Michael Taddonio•Keiji Levinhar•Daniel C. Lewin•Adam J. 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Lizcano•Martin Lizzul•George A. Llanes•Elizabeth Claire Nagel•Mildred Naiman•Takuya Nakamura•Alexander J.R. Robson•Antonio Augusto Tome Rocha•Raymond J. Rocha•Laura Tegtmeier•Yesh Tembe•Anthony Tempesta•Dorothy Logler•Catherine Lisa Loguidice•Jerome Robert Lohez•Michael Napier•Frank Joseph Naples•John Napolitano•Catherine A. Rockefeller•John M. Rodak•Antonio Jose Carrusca Temple•David Tengelin•Brian J. Terrenzi•Lisa Marie W. Lomax•Laura M. Longing•Salvatore Lopes•Daniel Lopez•Luis Nardella•Mario Nardone•Manika Narula•Shawn Rodrigues•Gregory E. Rodriguez•Anthony Rodriguez•Carmen Terry•Goumatie T. Thackurdeen•Harshad Sham Thatte•Michael Lopez•Manuel L. Lopez•George Lopez•Maclovio Joe Lopez Nassaney•Narender Nath•Karen S. Navarro•Joseph M. Milagros Rodriguez•Marsha A. Rodriguez•Carlos Cortez Theodoridis•Thomas F. Theurkauf•Lesley Thomas-O’Keefe•Nigel Jr.•Joseph Lostrangio•Chet Louie•Stuart Seid Louis•Joseph Navas•Francis J. Nazario•Glenroy Neblett•Marcus R. 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Palumbo•Christopher M. Panatier•Dominique Schlegel•Jon S. Schlissel•Karen Helene Schmidt•Ian Walcott•Victor Wald•Kenneth Waldie•Benjamin Walker•Glen J. J. McAlary•Brian McAleese•Patricia A. McAneney•Colin Richard Pandolfo•Paul Pansini•John M. Paolillo•Edward J. Papa• Salvatore Schneider•Thomas G. Schoales•Marisa Di Nardo Schorpp•Frank Wall•Peter G. Wallace•Mitchel Scott Wallace•LT Robert F. McArthur•John McAvoy•Kenneth M. McBrayer•Michael J. Papasso•James N. Pappageorge•Vinod K. Parakat•Vijayashanker G. Schott•Gerard P. Schrang•Jeffrey Schreier•John T. Wallace•Roy Wallace•Jean Marie Wallendorf•Matthew Blake McCabe•Brendan McCabe•Thomas McCann•Justin Paramsothy•Nitin Parandkar•Hardai Casey Parbhu•James W. Schroeder•Susan Lee Kennedy Schuler•Edward W. Schunk•Mark Wallens•Meta L. Waller•John Wallice•Barbara P. Walsh•James McCarthy•Michael Desmond McCarthy•Kevin M. Parham•Debra Debbie Paris•George Paris•Gye-Hyong E. 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Paul•Patrice Paz•Victor Paz-Gutierrez•Stacey Shahid•Mohammed Shajahan•Gary Shamay•Earl Richard Weiss•Vincent Michael Wells•Deborah Welsh•Timothy Matthew S. McGowan•Francis Noel McGuinn•Thomas McGuinness•Patrick L. Peak•Richard Allen Pearlman•Durrell Pearsall•Thomas Shanahan•Shiv Shankar•Neil G. Shastri•Kathryn Anne Welty•Christian Hans Rudolf Wemmers•Ssu-Hui Vanessa J. McGuire•Thomas McHale•Keith McHeffey•Ann M. Pecorelli•Thomas E. Pedicini•Todd D. Pelino•Michel Adrian Shatzoff•Barbara A. Shaw•Jeffrey J. Shaw•Robert J. Shay•Daniel Wen•John Wenckus•Oleh D. Wengerchuk•Peter M. West•Whitfield McHugh•Denis J. McHugh•Michael Edward McHugh•Dennis Pelletier•Anthony Peluso•Angel Ramon Pena•Jose D. Pena•Emerita James Shea•Joseph Patrick Shea•Kathleen Shearer•Robert West•Meredith Lynn Whalen•Eugene Whelan•Adam S. P. McHugh•Robert G. McIlvaine•Donald James McIntyre•Stephanie Emy De La Pena•Robert Penniger•Richard Al Penny•Salvatore F. Shearer•Linda Sheehan•Hagay Shefi•Terrance H. Shefield•John White•Edward James White•John S. White•Kenneth W. McKenna•Molly McKenzie•Barry J. McKeon•Evelyn C. Pepe•Carl Allen Peralta•Robert David Peraza•Jon A. Anthony Sherry•Atsushi Shiratori•Thomas Shubert•Mark White•Leonard Anthony White•Malissa White•Wayne McKinnedy•Darryl Leron McKinney•George Patrick Perconti•Anthony Perez•Alejo Perez•Angela Susan Perez•Nancy Shulman•See-Wong Shum•Allan Shwartzstein•Johanna White•James Patrick White•Maudlyn A. White•Sandra L. McLaughlin•Robert C. McLaughlin•Robert Dismas E. Perez•Angel Perez•Ivan Perez•Joseph John Perroncino•Edward Sigmund•Dianne T. Signer•Gregory Sikorsky•Stephen Gerard White•Leanne Marie Whiteside•Mark Whitford•Leslie A. McMahon•Gavin McMahon•Edmund M. McNally•Daniel J. Perrotta•Emelda Perry•LT Glenn C. Perry•John William Siller•David Silver•Craig A. Silverstein•Nasima H. Simjee•Bruce Whittington•Michael T. Wholey•Mary Lenz Wieman•Jeffrey McNeal•Walter Arthur McNeil•Sean Peter McNulty•Christine Perry•Franklin Allan Pershep•Daniel Pesce•Michael J. Edward Simmons•Don Simmons•Diane Simmons•George David Wiener•William J. Wik•Allison M. Wildman•Lt. Glenn Sheila McNulty•Robert William McPadden•Terence A. Pescherine•Davin Peterson•William Russel Peterson•Mark Simmons•Arthur Simon•Kenneth Alan Simon•Michael John Wilkinson•John C. Willett•Crossley Williams•Deborah Lynn McShane•Timothy Patrick McSweeney•Martin E. Petrocelli•LT Philip S. Petti•Glen Kerrin Pettit•Dominick Simon•Paul Joseph Simon•Marianne Simone•Barry Williams•Louis Calvin Williams•Brian Patrick Williams•David McWilliams•Rocco A. Medaglia•Abigail Medina•Anna Iris Pezzulo•Kaleen E. Pezzuti•Lt. Kevin Pfeifer•Tu-Anh Pham•LT Simowitz•Jane Simpkin•Jeff Simpson•George V. Sims•Cheryle D. Williams•Kevin Michael Williams•Louie Anthony Williams•MAJ Medina•Deborah Medwig•Damian Meehan•William J. Kenneth Phelan•Michael V. San Phillip•Eugenia Piantieri•Ludwig Sincock•Khamladai K. Khami Singh•Roshan R. Sean Dwayne Williams•David Lucian Williams•Candace Lee Meehan•Alok Mehta•Raymond Meisenheimer•Manuel Emilio John Picarro•Matthew Picerno•Joseph O. Pick•Christopher Singh•Thomas Sinton•Peter A. Siracuse•Muriel F. Williams•Lt. John Williamson•Cynthia Wilson•Donna Mejia•Eskedar Melaku•Mary Melendez•Antonio Melendez•Chris Pickford•Dennis J. Pierce•Maxima J. Pierre•Joseph A. Della Siskopoulos•Joseph M. Sisolak•John P. Skala•Francis J. Wilson•William E. Wilson•David H. Winton•Glenn J. Mello•Yelena Melnichenko•Stuart Todd Meltzer•Diarelia Jovannah Pietra•Bernard T. Pietronico•Nicholas P. Pietrunti•Theodoros Skidmore•Toyena Corliss Skinner•Paul A. Skrzypek•Christopher Winuk•Thomas Francis Wise•Alan L. Wisniewski•Frank T. Mena•Dora Menchaca•Charles Mendez•Lizette Pigis•Susan Elizabeth Ancona Pinto•Joseph Piskadlo•Christopher Paul Slattery•Vincent R. Slavin•Robert Sliwak•Paul K. Wisniewski•David Wiswall•Sigrid Charlotte Wiswe•Michael R. Mendoza•Shevonne Mentis•Wolfgang Menzel•Steve Todd Pitman•Josh Piver•Joseph Plumitallo•John M. Sloan•Stanley S. Smagala•Wendy L. Small•Jeffrey Randall Wittenstein•Christopher W. Wodenshek•Martin P. Mercado•Wesley Mercer•Ralph Joseph Mercurio•Alan H. Pocher•William H. Pohlmann•Laurence M. Polatsch•Thomas H. Smith•Catherine T. Smith•Daniel Laurence Smith•George Eric Wohlforth•Katherine S. Wolf•Jennifer Y. Wong•Jenny Seu Kueng Merdinger•Yamel Merino•George C. Merino•George Polhemus•Steve Pollicino•Susan M. Pollio•Darin Howard Smith•James G. Smith•Joyce Smith•Karl Trumbull Smith•Kevin Low Wong•Siu Cheung Wong•Yin Ping Steven Wong•Yuk Ping Merkouris•Deborah Merrick•Raymond J. Metz•Jill A. Pontell•Joshua Poptean•Giovanna Porras•Anthony Portillo•James Smith•Leon Smith•Moira Smith•Rosemary A. Smith•Sandra Wong•Brent James Woodall•James J. Woods•Patrick Metzler•David R. Meyer•Nurul Huq Miah•William Edward Edward Potorti•Daphne Pouletsos•Richard Poulos•Stephen E. Fajardo Smith•LTC Gary F. Smith•Heather Smith•Bonnie S. Woods•Marvin Woods•Richard Herron Woodwell•CPT David Micciulli•Martin Paul Michelstein•Patricia E. Mickley•Luis Poulos•Brandon J. Powell•Shawn Edward Powell•Tony Smithwick•Rochelle Monique Snell•Leonard J. Snyder•Dianne Terence Wooley•John Bentley Works•Martin Michael Clodoaldo Revilla Mier•Army Major Ronald D. Milam.•Peter T. Pratt•Gregory M. Preziose•Wanda Ivelisse Prince•Vincent Snyder•Christine Snyder•Astrid Elizabeth Sohan•Sushil Wortley•Rodney James Wotton•William Wren•John Wright•Neil Milano•Gregory Milanowycz•Lukasz T. Milewski•Sharon Cristina Princiotta•Kevin Prior•Everett Proctor•Carrie B. Progen•David Solanki•Ruben Solares•Naomi Leah Solomon•Daniel W. R. Wright•Sandra Wright•Jupiter Yambem•John Yamnicky•Suresh Millan •Douglas C. Miller•Michael Matthew Miller•Robert C. Lee Pruim•Richard Prunty•John F. Puckett•Robert D. Song•Mari-Rae Sopper•Michael C. Sorresse•Fabian Soto•Timothy Yanamadala•Vicki Yancey•Shuyin Yang•Matthew David Miller•Corey Peter Miller•Henry Miller•Phillip D. Miller•Robert Pugliese•Edward F. Pullis•Patricia Ann Puma•Jack Punches•Sonia P. Soulas•Gregory T. Spagnoletti•Donald F. Spampinato•Thomas Yarnell•Myrna Yaskulka•Shakila Yasmin•Olabisi L. Yee•Kevin Alan Miller•Joel Miller•Craig James Miller•Nicole Miller•Benjamin Morales Puopolo•Hemanth Kumar Puttur•Joseph John Pycior Sparacio•John Anthony Spataro•Robert W. Spear•Bob Wayne Yokum•Kevin Patrick York•Edward P. York•Raymond Millman•Charles M. Mills•Ronald Keith Milstein•Robert Jr.•Edward R. Pykon•Christopher Quackenbush•Lars Peter Speisman•Maynard S. Spence•Robert Andrew Spencer•George E. York•Suzanne Youmans•Barrington L. Young•Jacqueline Jakki Minara•William G. Minardi•Louis Joseph Minervino•Thomas Qualben•Lincoln Quappe•Beth Ann Quigley•Patrick Quigley•LT Spencer•Mary Rubina Sperando•Frank J. Spinelli•William E. Young•Lisa L. Young•Edmond Young•Donald McArthur Mingione•Nana Akwasi Minkah•Wilbert Miraille•Domenick Michael Quilty•Ricardo Quinn•James Francis Quinn•Carol Spitz•Joseph P. Spor•Klaus Johannes Sprockamp•Saranya Srinuan Young•Elkin Yuen•Joseph Zaccoli•Adel Agayby Zakhary•Arkady Mircovich•Rajesh A. Mirpuri•Joseph Mistrulli•Susan Rabalais•Christopher Peter A. Racaniello•Leonard Ragaglia•Eugene •Michael F. Stabile•Lawrence T. Stack•Capt. Timothy Zaltsman •Edwin J. Zambrana•Robert Alan Zampieri•Mark Miszkowicz•LT Paul Thomas Mitchell•Richard Miuccio•Jeff J. Raggio•Laura Marie Ragonese-Snik•Michael Ragusa•Peter F. Stackpole•Richard James Stadelberger•Eric A. Stahlman•Gregory Zangrilli•Christopher Zarba•Ira Zaslow•Aurelio Zedillo•Kenneth Mladenik•Frank V. Moccia•CPT Louis Joseph Modafferi•Boyie Raimondi•Harry A. Raines•Lisa Raines•Ehtesham U. Raja•Valsa M. Stajk•Corina Stan•Alexandru Liviu Stan•Mary D. Stanley•Joyce Albert Zelman•Abraham J. Zelmanowitz•Martin Morales Mohammed•Lt. Dennis Mojica•Manuel Mojica•Fernando Jimenez Raju•Edward Rall•Lukas Rambousek•Julio Fernandez Stanton•Patricia Stanton•Anthony M. Starita•Jeffrey Stark•Derek Zempoaltecatl•Zhe Zack Zeng •Marc Scott Zeplin•Jie Yao Justin 12 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 Molina•Manuel Dejesus Molina•Carl Molinaro•Justin J. Ramirez•Maria Isabel Ramirez•Harry Ramos•Vishnoo James Statkevicus•PatriciaT HEJ. Statz P •CraigRIMARY William Staub•William SOURCE ,Zhao SEPTEMBER •Yuguag Zheng•Ivelin 11, 2002 Ziminski•Michael 13 Joseph Molisani•Brian Patrick Monaghan•Franklin Monahan•John G. Ramsaroop•Deborah A. Ramsaur•Lorenzo Ramzey•Lukas V. Steckman•Eric T. Steen•William R. Steiner•Alexander Robbins Zinzi•Charles A. Zion•Julie Lynne Zipper•Salvatore J. Monahan•Kristen Montanaro•Craig D. Montano•Michael Ranbousek•A. Todd Rancke•Adam David Rand•Jonathan C. Steinman•Edna L. Stephens•Andrew Stergiopoulos•Andrew Zisa•Prokopios Paul Zois•Joseph J. Zuccala•Andrew Steven Montesi•Antonio Montoya•Carlos Montoya•Cheryl Ann Randall•Srinivasa Shreyas Ranganath•Anne Rose T. Ransom•Faina Stern•Martha Stevens•Michael J. Stewart•Richard H. Zucker•Igor Zukelman µ µ µ S P E C I A L A S E C T I O N µ µ µ

SOURCE THE PRIMARY CLASSIFIED DOSSIER: CASE FILE Richard Perle

Perle, Richard Richard Perle Name: Ø Chairman of the Defense Policy Board for the Job: US Department of Defense. - Ø Consultant to Defense Secretary Donald Rums - feld on matters of security and foreign poli cy. Ø M.A., political science, Princeton University Education: Ø B.A., University of Southern California

The Hawk, the Puppeteer, the Bomber, Bomb Squad, Prince of Known Aliases: Darkness, SOURCE Pappa

Credentials: Assistant secretary of defense for international security policy, 1981-1987 Ø , 1992 Ø Author of Hard Line , 1991 Ø Editor of Reshaping Western Security Ø Resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI). He researches in the areas of defense, intelligence, and national security, and in European, Middle Eastern, and Russian foreign policy. Ø Has on several occasions advised Congress on matters of security.

Comments: Richard Perle found his way into politics on the staff of a Democratic senator in Washington in the late Sixties. Since then, his role as an advisor to the Executive and Legislative branches has steadily increased. His most recent statements regarding- the War on Terror have stirred Capitol Hill, in both parties. He strongly supports a regime change in Iraq, and has been rallying support for military action both domesti cally and abroad. Perle stands by Bush’s description of Iran, Iraq, and North Korea as an “axis of evil.” - On April 16, 2002, Perle advised the House, “Unless we take the War on Terror to the terrorists and to the states that offer them sanctuary and all manner of assis tance, we will lose this war.” Perle does not hold an elected position, and as such, dispenses with the usual mind-numbing political double-talk. He says we must act and - be prepared to act alone—sooner, rather than later. Perle knows all too well how much we can trust in the support of our “allies,” whose leaders are more concerned with be ing re-elected than helping America. Richard Perle has seen “evil” once before in his career: the “evil empire” known as the Soviet Union. Not long after being identified for what it was, this oppressive- regime came to an end. Perle also recognizes Iran, Iraq, and North Korea for what they- are, and is prepared to take decisive action. Reagan won the Cold War not by appease ment, but by making firm decisions that the US was prepared to support, alone if neces sary. During times such as these, the Bush administration is fortunate to have a man like Richard Perle within its ranks.

14 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 15 Just how concerned should Americans be of 1973-74, the Seventies were ruled by heavy about their oil supply? industry. In April the Economist wrote, “Rich economies now use half as much oil per real dollar of GDP as they did in the early 1970s.” Continual shifts toward the high-tech and Oil and Trouble service sectors account for this trend. Additionally, current Middle East oil production, particularly that of Iraq, is well below potential. Saddam’s poor economic by Tara Heumann planning coupled with UN sanctions have already led to large reductions in Iraqi supply. ver the last two weeks, the price of crude well-aware that the tremendous leverage his Figures from last month revealed production O oil has risen to nearly $30 per barrel. country holds in the oligopoly has allowed of only 800,000 barrels per day—an amount The cost of this precious natural resource is it to raise oil prices to much higher levels well below Iraq’s capabilities. The Middle a key economic indicator—surging prices than they would command in a more freely East is not supplying the world with oil could set the already infirmed world economy competitive marketplace. anywhere near capacity. back even further. As Economist reporters Rising oil prices shock suppliers, caus- While military interference in the Middle warned on September 2, higher oil prices ing them to produce less at every given price East raises questions of supply interruptions, are the last thing this country needs as it wa- level. In international trade, rising prices other trends illuminate current oversupply in vers on the brink shift the terms the crude market. Much strain has been placed of a “double-dip” of trade to favor on the cartel to control output in recent days, recession. In the Iraq possesses over 100 countries that particularly as Russia eats away at OPEC’s wake of impend- million barrels of oil, the export oil; im- market share. The Russian competitive edge ing military action porters become stems from low cost of production. Tempta- in the Middle East, world’s second-largest economically tion to cheat on other world suppliers and oil supply from the reserve. At current produc- weaker. Con- flood the market is high for both Russia and world’s highest tion rates, this represents sumers suffer Saudi Arabia as they struggle with costly producing region decreasing public sectors. will surely be- approximately a century’s incomes and In the wake of possible armed conflict come erratic. How worth of global supply. lose purchasing in the Middle East, should Americans expect concerned should power on the another slide into recession? Fred Leuffer, America be? world market. an oil expert from Bear Stearns, reports that Iraqi supply disruption will probably be The economic repercussions of ris- the Saudis would benefit from keep- among the first negative repercussions of a ing oil prices depend largely on ing oil prices relatively low to fa- new war. Iraq possesses over 100 million how central banks choose to cilitate economic recovery. barrels of oil, the world’s second-largest handle fluctuations. Macro Continuing decline of the reserve. At current production rates, this principles suggest that rising world economy would only represents approximately a century’s worth prices of raw materials and put OPEC in a greater state of global supply. energy sources like crude oil are of oversupply. This would Of monumental concern in the political aligned with increasing levels encourage lower cost pro- and economic arenas are America’s degen- of inflation. In order to coun- ducers like Russia, as well erating relationships with Kuwait and Saudi teract the negative effect of and up-and-coming suppli- Arabia, previously our closest allies in the the inflation, banks should ers like Norway, Mexico, region. Following 9/11, the Saudi govern- raise the interest rate to and Angola, to snatch away ment refused to aid America in its campaign constrict the money sup- precious market share from against bin Laden and has denied requests ply and bring the economy the Middle East. Whether to utilize their land to launch air attacks on back into equilibrium. armed conflict in Iraq Saddam Hussein. Saudi Arabia currently Though destabilization materializes or not, the US produces between three and four times cur- of supply is always concerning, and Saudi Arabia can find rent levels of Iraqi oil output and is capable a few facts should set Americans common ground in moderat- of providing up to five times as much to at ease. First, the US, itself, ing oil prices; reasonable costs the world market. Oil is at the center of the is a formidable supplier for American consumers allow friction between Americans and Saudis—the of oil. Though Americans the Saudis to maintain their US is the world’s largest crude importer, and consume more than Europe portion of the crude market. Saudi Arabia is the most powerful member or Japan, our domestic production Cooperation on oil could of OPEC. Saudi oil minister Ali al-Naimi is means that oil imports comprise a smaller soften tensions between the two nations. In Ms. Heumann is a junior majoring in portion of our GDP than either region. While fact, the entire region could benefit from a International Relations. oil prices skyrocketed following the embargo good compromise. q

14 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 15 ROTC provides the best leadership course in America. Today Tufts continues to accept ROTC scholarships, but ROTC students must still travel to MIT. This makes life as an ROTC cadet or midshipman that much more chal- lenging. The life of a cadet (the title of those Dulce et Decorum Est participating in Army and Air Force ROTC) or a midshipman (the title of those in the Navy or Marines) involves early mornings, extra classes, and regular workouts. ROTC train- ing is made up of three general components: by Sam Dangremond military science classes, physical training, and field exercises for firsthand experience. "I feel like we’re invisible. You don’t Washington officials for an ROTC division Rising earlier than perhaps any other see us leave for class, you don’t see our at Tufts. As a result Tufts was granted a group of Tufts students, ROTC students at- ceremonies, you don’t see us train. A lot of Navy ROTC unit, which was expanded four tend military science classes held at MIT at people don’t know we exist." years later under the Navy’s V-12 program, 7AM. Freshmen and sophomores make this enrolling over 1,000 students in one year. The journey once a week, upperclassmen twice. o says Cadet Michelle Engelson of her resulting influx of students caused President Widely varying class schedules used by the Tufts ROTC experience. Carmichael to label the program a “lifesaver six colleges and universities that send their S A unique group of Tufts students, the mid- for Tufts.” ROTC students to MIT account for the unusu- shipmen and cadets who participate in ROTC Over the next 25 years, the Naval ROTC ally early class time. (Reserve Officer Training Corps) are dedicated went about its business on campus and was Military science classes are held in individuals whose service all too often goes joined by Army and Air Force ROTC. As the MIT’s lecture halls like any other class, and unrecognized by the Tufts community. Com- Vietnam War ensued, however, Tufts’ once non-ROTC students may even sign up for mitted to serving our country, these Tuftonians supportive attitude toward its ROTC program them. Officers of the armed services teach the must balance the rigors of academics with the drastically changed. Lead by several student classes and are considered MIT professors. demands of military training. But while past anti-war protestors, a movement emerged in The classes cover general topics, such as eth- Tufts ROTC members faced hostility from 1969 to ban ROTC from the Tufts campus. ics and leadership, as well as skills specific campus leftists and were banished from cam- In April of that year, however, a refer- to each military branch, such as navigation pus, the program endum on ROTC for Navy midshipmen. The ROTC now suffers from “At one point, Tufts was was put to the stu- program’s main function is to simple indiffer- dent body. Out of train commissioned officers who ence. Renewed very proud of ROTC, but the 1375 students will command enlisted men, so support for the I don’t exactly know what who participated, leadership skills are of utmost armed services in happened, and that’s sad.” 1050 voted to focus. In addition to classes, the wake of 9/11 keep ROTC. the chain of command within has, however, Unfortunately, the divisions of the battalion sparked new cu- —Cadet Michelle Engelson the faculty took allows almost every cadet or riosity toward the issue upon midshipman leadership experi- the lives of these themselves. ence among their peers. future officers. Then-professor Saul Slapikoff summed Physical training is more Tufts ROTC has a long and complex his- up the feelings of many faculty members than just push-ups and drills. tory. Over the years, it has gone from acting when he stated that “by having ROTC on Cadets and midshipmen engage as the very backbone of Tufts University to campus the University is in complicit agree- in a variety of physical activities providing a target during Vietnam to being ment with the genocidal war in Vietnam designed to ready them for the little more than tolerated today. For better and the imperialism abroad.” hardships of combat. ROTC holds or worse, Tufts’ relationship with its ROTC The faculty made a formal recom- physical training typically twice a program has often reflected popular opinion mendation to the Board of Trustees that week, once at MIT and once here of the military. ROTC be banned from campus. This at Tufts. Running and singing ca- ROTC first arrived on Walnut Hill in 1941 recommendation was enacted by the dence (“I don’t know what I been as a result of President Carmichael’s intense Trustees, and ROTC was phased out over told…”) is typical, but training lobbying. America’s newfound involvement a period of six years. By 1975 Tufts stu- has also included activities such in the Second World War depleted Tufts’ dents who wished to participate in ROTC as Ultimate Frisbee. student body to the point of financial strain, were forced to travel to the Massachusetts The final major compo- prompting President Carmichael to lobby Institute of Technology for training. An at- nent of ROTC training is the firsthand tempt to reinstate ROTC at Tufts was made experience that cadets and midshipmen gain Mr. Dangremond is a senior majoring in in 1982, but the faculty again voted against through field exercises and summer “camps.” Chemical Engineering. its presence. Field exercises are short trips to places like Fort

16 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 17 Devens in central Massachusetts, where cadets felt differently a week later [after 9/11].” ROTC program, saying “I wouldn’t be here or midshipmen can learn and practice skills, The occasional leftists aside, ROTC stu- at Tufts if not for the ROTC scholarship.” As including setting up camp and using weapons dents are optimistic about increased administra- a student who struggled to afford the high cost like M-16s. During the summers, each military tive support under new President Larry Bacow. of Tufts’ tuition, Michelle joined the ROTC branch conducts extended training sessions de- Bacow spoke at the ROTC commissioning cer- program after searching for options to pay for signed to give the cadet or midshipman a taste emony last spring and praised Tufts students her education. “Maybe I started in it for the of real military life. The Navy ROTC summer for “serving the nation through participation money,” she explained. “But I didn’t stay in programs are typical of this goal. During the in ROTC.” When asked for comment on the it for the money. It would have been easier each summer in the program, midshipmen ROTC program by the SOURCE, however, Ba- to just transfer.” partake in a three to six week cruise. They cow weakened his praise by saying “I think Cadet Engelson expressed frustration will observe Naval operations and have the it is unfortunate that the government’s ‘don’t that Tufts’ Financial Aid Office does not opportunity to follow an enlisted crew mem- ask-don’t tell' policy has placed two principles mention ROTC as an option for students ber or commissioned that we hold dear at struggling to pay tuition. Clearly if Tufts officer during the daily Tufts in tension: has deemed a student worthy of admission, routine. For better or worse, our commitment to then it should at least present all possible A l t h o u g h Tufts’ relationship with public service and options to keep that student here. The ROTC ROTC students have its ROTC program has our equally strong scholarship that has allowed Cadet Engelson responsibilities above commitment to an to remain a Tufts student is the same that and beyond the aver- often reflected popular open campus where Midshipman Just says “provides opportuni- age college student, opinion of the military. the only discrimina- ties for many kids who otherwise wouldn’t several cadets and tion we tolerate is have them.” midshipmen feel that that based on intel- Currently, Midshipman Just, as head of the Tufts remains less than hospitable to their ligence and hard work.” Tri-Service Commission, hopes to work with presence. While Tufts’ rabid anti-war days The “don’t ask-don’t tell” policy has been Tufts ROTC students from all branches of the are fortunately past, the liberal atmosphere a cause of contention of the Tufts campus military to raise campus ROTC awareness. He typical of a New England university remains. since its creation under President Clinton in looks forward to working with the administration Midshipman Chris Just expressed his belief 1993. In 1997 the ROTC Task Force released and cites Tufts’ lack of transcript credit for ROTC that “ROTC units are barely being tolerated its final report after examining the effects of courses as a major issue to be addressed. by the administration.” the “don’t ask-don’t tell” policy on LGBT Cadet Engelson feels invisible as an As was the case in 1969, today’s ROTC Tufts students. The Task Force recommended ROTC student at Tufts, yet she is required students feel that the average Tufts student that Tufts continue to accept ROTC scholar- to wear their uniforms to class once each supports their presence, while the adminis- ships, while proposing to lobby legislatures week. The same people who sit beside us tration is more tepid. Midshipman Just ex- to change the policy. in class will one day serve our country, and plained, “I’ve never encountered anything but The relationship between ROTC and in the wake of 9/11, a simple “thank you” general curiosity.” He quickly qualified this, the University’s finances is, however, worth would be in order. Ultimately the University recalling an incident a year ago when Radix examining. Tufts cannot refuse ROTC schol- needs to consider that, as Cadet Engelson members hung a “No ROTC” sign in front arships without losing substantial federal fund- put it, “at one point Tufts was very proud of the ROTC table at the Student Activities ing. Cadet Engelson laid clear the incentive of ROTC, but I don’t exactly know what Fair. “Of course,” he added, “I’d imagine they for Tufts to accept and even promote the happened, and that’s sad.” q

ROTC cadets and midshipmen participate in weapons training and drill—off-campus.

16 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 17 The answer may not be as obvious CH4, etc. The more greenhouse gases present as you think. in the atmosphere, the more heat is retained and thus the rise in global temperatures. The environmental activists argue that the global warming phenomenon is due to increased Is the Globe Warming? human production of greenhouse gases. Chief among these gases is carbon dioxide, produced by the burning of fossil fuels. The logical conclusion is then that industry must by Jon Halpert be cut back in order for global warming to abate. This deduction may be inaccurate. lobal warming has become the hot certain areas have suffered higher tempera- First, industrial production of carbon diox-

topic in environmental politics today. tures in recent years, the worldwide average ide is only a small percentage of total CO2 FromG the Kyoto Protocols to the recent envi- tropospheric (0-5 miles above the surface) emissions, most of which is due to biological ronmental summit in Johannesburg, suddenly temperature, as measured by satellite, has processes in organisms and volcanic activity much is ado about something that might be in fact remained statistically constant since (of which there has been a significant increase nothing. Pointing to increased iceberg sight- 1979 according to NASA’s Global Hydrol- in recent times). Secondly, CO2 is responsible ings and American temperature fluctuations, ogy and Climate Center. This is contrasted for very little of the total “greenhouse ef- environmental activists blast the Bush ad- with recent findings that the earth is in fact fect,” most of which is caused, interestingly ministration (though not Clinton, who wisely absorbing more energy from the sun than it enough, by gaseous water and atmospheric passed the buck) for is transmitting into water vapor—clouds. Even if industrial waste failing to submit in- outer space. If true production were to cease entirely, no one has dustry to a wave of From the Kyoto this would mean proven that the greenhouse effect would sig- harsh regulations Protocols to the recent that the earth is nificantly lessen, or that it would stop global that would stymie environmental summit in fact heating up, warming altogether. the economy and but it is not yet The fact of the matter is that the earth is might not solve in Johannesburg, certain where this one of the largest, most complex chemical the problem, if suddenly much is ado energy is going reactions known. Many of the mechanisms one exists. These (some suspect it that account for global climate patterns are regulations would about something that is responsible for unknown or poorly understood. Even the have the net effect might be nothing. melting ice caps). daily weather, with 150 years of data avail- of preventing the Finally, there are able for study, cannot be predicted for more growth of the energy significant difficul- than a few days in the future. Small changes industry, limiting the energy resources avail- ties, both theoretical and technical, in simply in atmospheric concentrations may have large able to other industries and overall resulting measuring the changes in temperature. Taking impacts, for example, CFCs destroying the in the forced cutting of costs, i.e. the jobs that a meaningful average and finding changes ozone, and large changes may be absorbed millions of working class Americans depend on the order of 0.1 degrees Celsius when by the maintenance of equilibria, as in the on. This weakening of the national economy the temperature in most parts of the world carbon cycle, thus having their effects di- is supposed to be in the best interest of the fluctuates by up to 40 degrees daily is almost minished. As such, no scientist has yet been world. However, the activist’s claims reside impossible statistically. The preponderance able say that industrial waste production is solely on two assumptions; first, that global of conflicting reports by reliable sources (it definitely and irrefutably the cause of current temperatures are rising significantly, and seems unlikely that NASA was bribed to aberrations in weather and climate. At best, second, that we are causing these changes lie) and the experimental difficulty of tak- pro-warming scientists have been able to sug- by emitting greenhouse gases. Both are ing reasonable measurements and obtaining gest Americans “hedge their bets” and cut unproven. statistically valid results all make it difficult CO2 production. This may be sound advice. Global warming is a phenomenon of to conclude with certainty that global warm- However, we cannot irreparably damage our rising average global temperatures that will ing is a fact. Fortunately, it economy and destroy millions of lead to melting ice caps, higher seas, distorted may not matter. jobs without better evidence and weather patterns, and according to environ- The mechanism by definite proof. As usual science mental activists, the end of the world. Is this which the earth retains should be left to the scientists, happening? The answer is a definite maybe. heat energy from the sun, due not the activists, politicians, or There is certainly evidence of changing global to current theories, is based on lobbyists (of which there is an climate patterns. Increasingly severe storms, the concept that energy from unhealthy abundance, both droughts, and El Niño are all evidence of the sun that is reflected industrial AND green). that. Global warming itself, however, is as yet from the ground will in Educated action is unproven. While evidence exists showing that turn be reflected back warranted only after Mr. Halpert is a senior majoring in to earth by “greenhouse further study and better

Chemistry. gases” such as CO2, NO2, understanding. q

18 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 19 What's So Great About America by Dinesh D'Souza Regnery Publishing, ISBN 0-89526-153-7 books $27.95, hardcover inesh D’Souza has written several this information seems glaringly obvious ALL NEW books about the United States and after D’Souza spells it out. The connections itsD redeeming qualities. While all have been to the past are so simple that their exclu- insightful, none has been so timely as What’s sion in US foreign policy seems absurd. But So Great About America, his post-9/11 testa- while the West in general has grappled with ment to America’s global superiority. The these issues for centuries, D’Souza seems title itself is a description of the book’s to overlook the fact that the United States content, not a question D’Souza asks, and is new to the game. Americans did not send its frankness reflects his attitude and writing knights off to the Crusades, nor do American style. It serves as an excellent prologue to Christians work especially hard at convert- the work, and D’Souza does not bore the ing American Muslims. Until World War reader with a more verbose II, the US was isolationist version. compared to the rest of the D’Souza begins with West, and consequently, a surprising accusation: American dealings with America does not under- the Islamic East are only a stand its enemies anymore. few decades old. Learning He calls upon ancient his- from one’s past is key to tory to explain the relation- survival, but learning from ship between the West and other societies’ pasts is a Islam, reaching as far back little more complicated. as the Crusades for evi- D’Souza uses his own dence of both hostility and experience as an Asian im- cultural understanding. In migrant to frame most of his those days, Christians and information, and it strength- Muslims vied for converts, ens both his critique and his used “infidel” to describe praise of American society. the other, and worked violently toward their He discusses America’s susceptibility and goal of global domination. “Islam and Chris- reaction to 9/11 in the context of the nation’s tianity clashed,” he contends, “not because origin—as a refuge for the oppressed and they failed to understand each other but be- downtrodden of other societies. Cultural cause they understood each other perfectly relativism is dead, he asserts, and only well.” when the Left abandons its penchant for The West has, however, forgotten comparative ethics will the US be able to how to contend with Islamic society. The deal effectively with hostile peoples. In one separation of church and State in the US particularly forthright comment, D’Souza misdirects the population’s understanding declares, “In externally directed societies, of religious cultures. Americans tend to the absence of freedom signals the absence of dismiss deeply religious peoples as “back- virtue. Thus the free society is…morally su- ward” or even “crazy.” And while they have perior to the externally directed society.” a lower standard of living and no concept D’Souza has written a book of both of inalienable rights, these societies cannot mass importance and appeal. What’s So afford to succumb to modernization if their Great About America gives the average culture is to survive. “They regard as naïve American an honest, direct, and respectful the notion that one can import what one likes account of the nation post-9/11. He ap- from America while keeping out what one proaches the topic of retaliation with logic dislikes.” Traits that Islamic societies as- and insight, and makes a number of points sociate with America—promiscuity, mate- that even the most level-headed philosopher rialism, unbelief—are characteristics of the would miss and that every national leader pre-Islam Arab world. To give in now would must consider seriously for the preservation be to undo centuries of moral progress. of democratic America. Hindsight being as clear as it is, all of —Megan Liotta www.tuftsprimarysource.org www.tuftsprimarysource.Org www.tuftsprimarysource.ORG www.tuftsprimarysource.ORG www.tuftsprimarysource.ORG

18 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 19 erence to the US as the “leading terrorist 911 reasons why Chomsky is wrong. state.” I would hardly classify the actions of the US as those in the name of terror, but Chomksy’s politics would obviously be a lot more boring without the benefit of the US as a scapegoat, so to each his own. Conspiracy Theory Chomsky also states that, while the US did not deserve what happened on 9/11, it defi- nitely provoked such occurrences through its foreign policy. Chomsky believes that by Alex Allen the US protects its interests in a way that allows much of the world to be “trampled o one can deny that the lives of comprised of the usual leftist targets: corpo- by Washington’s boots.” At the very least, countless people changed on 9/11. rate fat-cats, right-wing politicians, and au- his rhetoric is entertaining. WhileN some were openly enraged, others thoritarian leaders. Chomsky refers to what The Left is also fond of saying that were reacting with calm, reserved anger. he believes to be US-sponsored car bomb- the Right wishes to silence leftist views. While some expressed themselves through ings in front What must be understood in the debates patriotism, oth- of mosques in regarding 9/11 and the campus reaction is ers chose to de- Accosting all white men predominantly that conservative thought does not promote clare the US as and women for the crimes Arab regions, silencing dissenters. Many leftists also feel quite deserving “slaughters” that conservatives think that if one is not a of these terror- of a small percentage of in Nicaragua, flag-waving patriot, one is a traitor. This ist attacks. Al- that group is, in principle, and just about is untrue. As a conservative, liberal, or in- though a middle any other third- between, one has the right to express any ground exists, it as bad as advocating the world atrocity. sentiment toward one’s country. No one is has been much destruction of the Middle- While reading trying to force Chomsky to wave a flag in less prevalent East purely to get rid of this, one must front of his house. Apparently, however, on college cam- wonder how the Left does not want to extend the rest of puses than the Osama bin-Laden. the government the world the same courtesy. Recently, in extremist plat- has managed to a decision that was later reversed, patriotic form, as people of this age tend to be a lot fool everyone but Chomsky. songs were banned from being played at the more driven to make themselves heard. An Chomsky’s literature is one of many 9/11 memorial at the University of California interesting rift has formed between these fuels that powers the leftist argument. at Berkley. Is anti-US speech to be banned two trains of thought. Those who lean Ever since 9/11, we have all endured the as well? I wouldn’t count on it. toward the left embrace such outlooks as complaints of under-nurtured crybabies Many liberals have spoken out against Noam Chomsky’s, who contends that the citing instances of in- patriotism since 9/11, US is hell-bent on world domination, the sensitive conduct toward embodying all that is suppression of all non-white races, and the Muslims and those with foolish about the leftist destruction of third-world countries through darker skin. Chomsky reaction to the terrorist the villified process of globalization. Right- cites an example where attacks. Nothing is wrong leaning individuals, however, were more anti-Arab slurs were with being patriotic. Pa- appreciative of the writings supporting ac- painted on a mosque triotism is an emotion, a tion against the terrorism that continues to somewhere in the US. passion. It is no different threaten the US. Apparently these lefties from any other emotion, Certainly Noam Chomsky is quite cre- are so caught up in all be it love, hate, anger or ative. One would have to be if one wanted their self-created drama what have you. Emotions to write a book in any way resembling His that they fail to recognize only become dangerous newest release, 9-11. This book, consisting their own hypocrisy. Ac- when they are acted of a number of interviews conducted with costing all white men and upon with a blind zeal. Chomsky, is fairly typical of his political women for the crimes of The fact that I love my ramblings. Throughout the book, Chomsky a small percentage of that country does not mean repeatedly cites the same few examples of group is, in principle, that I hate those who in- US-sponsored “terrorism,” in hopes that as bad as advocating habit other countries, nor he will be able to persuade many half-sane the destruction of the does it mean that I am individuals to adopt his crazed belief that the Middle-East purely to get rid of Osama going to harm them. To paraphrase Dinesh US is involved in some sort of evil coalition bin-Laden. Simply put, ideologues like D’Souza, patriotism stems from the love of Mr. Allen is a sophomore who has not yet Chomsky create drama where none exists. one’s country because it is good, not just declared a major. One such example lies in Chomsky’s ref- because it is one’s country. q

20 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 21 POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT POINT/COUNTERPOINT Go-Go (continued from page 10) Japan, Western Europe, and South Korea. forces be authorized to chase the terror- the very least, the external installation of Occupying a nation, instead of merely ists into their home countries, or even an America-friendly regime upon an Arab maintaining a presence there, would re- overthrow the governments that harbor Muslim nation. This will not sit well with quire a massive investment in terms of them? Would new Iraqi leaders require terrorist groups in the region, who would troops and resources that would weaken American bodyguards, as Hamid Karzai come to see the US as a colonial power. America’s ability to respond to more does today? And most importantly, under As with the Algerians and the French, substantial problems, like the threat to what circumstances could the US declare the Irish and the British, the Vietnamese Taiwan posed by China. victory and return every last soldier from and the French, so too can the US expect Military involvement, regardless of Iraq? retaliation from Iraqi resistance groups. the scale, requires as a practical matter Make no mistake: the Iraqi govern- Resistance in itself, guerilla, terrorist, or both a clear definition of victory and ment is in no way legitimate, nor does it otherwise, should not deter any legitimate an exit strategy. Part of victory in this have a sovereign right to exist. Quite the military aims grounded in self-defense, conflict will obviously be the defeat of contrary, as a tyrannical dictator, Sad- such as the overthrow of the Taliban or Saddam’s government. But what then? dam deserves to be overthrown. But this the pursuit of al-Qaeda, but it provides Would US troops engage in nation- is also true of about half the governments a strong reason to reconsider interfering building, helping to establish a new on Earth today. Since Iraq is not a cred- in the affairs of other nations when US democratic regime in Iraq? If civil war ible threat to the US, the only question interests are not at stake. broke out between the Kurds, Iraqis, and left to answer is, how would this war As it is, the American military al- southern Shiite Muslims, would the US be in the best interest of the American ready faces overextension. US troops are be obligated to maintain order and put people? The hawks have yet to make their currently stationed in over 100 different down rebellions? If terrorist organiza- case, and as things stand now, this war nations, most prominently in the former tions from Iran or Saudi Arabia struck would undermine American liberty and Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, the Philippines, American forces in Iraq, would those safety, not protect them. q

Bombs (continued from page 11) ing a compelling reason to enter Iraq. The sein will attempt to avoid fighting in the the cities and major oil fields, provides only remaining issues are whether the United open desert, a tactic that proved disastrous Saddam Hussein with his legitimacy. Yet States should act unilaterally or with the for him previously. More than likely, he will even within the cities, there is still dissent support of the other key nations, and which attempt to fight within the cities for two within ranks since only a small fraction of strategy would best minimize casualties. If reasons: first, to use his own civilians as the current regime benefits from Iraq’s very the United States were to act unilaterally, cover against both ground and air assaults. limited economy. By providing the catalyst it might demonstrate that the United States Secondly, urban warfare is the most difficult for democratic reform within Iraq, through has the ability to protect itself when neces- campaign to conduct, as can be seen from the removal of Saddam and his associates, sary and stand by its policies. However, that examples like Somalia. The logistics of at- most of the Iraqi population will see a rise has already been clearly demonstrated in the tempting to take a city are extremely difficult in their living conditions. war with Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. Thus, to execute, often resulting in high fatality Building upon this idea, the introduc- working in conjunction with other nations rates. Therefore a campaign of isolation on tion of a democratic state within the Middle would perhaps be the best course of action the part of the United States, occupying only East will greatly bolster the stability of by showing terrorists and other rogue nations key cities and the desert, while laying siege the region. Contrary to arguments raised that they face a consolidated front to those cities with the heaviest resistance by opponents like Arab League Secretary- In the case of Iraq, the United States would likely result in the fewest US fatali- General Amr Moussa that an invasion would will likely not receive support from most ties. As long as U.S. troops allow civilians “open the gates of hell in the Middle East,” Arab nations. The reason is twofold: first, to leave through guarded blockades, Sad- a regime change in Iraq would have quite most of the Arab nations function under a dam will eventually find himself cut off the opposite outcome, specifically a country government similar to Iraq’s, so they would and without any recourse but to starve or that is secure politically, economically and see our actions as a threat to their status quo. surrender. socially. Politically, rebuilding Iraq would Secondly, while they would benefit from For an effective campaign, therefore, not start from scratch, since the Iraqi Na- Saddam’s removal in terms of their own se- the United States need not necessarily act tional Congress has been working with the curity, their governments cannot be seen as with expressed public approval of most other United States and other democratic nations, giving support to the United States—which nations, especially certain European ones, and is ready to fill the power vacuum if Arabs believe is too sympathetic towards Is- but should act tactfully and with approval Saddam is removed. With a stable and ef- rael. A case in point is Iran, which adamantly from those nations which are most directly fective government, Iraq would no longer opposes the United States entering Iraq. Yet threatened by Saddam Hussein. In the end, be a breeding ground for terrorists. An effec- Iran cannot have forgotten Iraq’s territorial perhaps the most important requirement of tive government would not permit terrorist aggression against it, which implies that Iran the United States when it enters Iraq will camps like those that have been identified has ulterior motives in refusing support, ex- be that it provides the necessary support for by defectors as being located in places such pressly, not angering its own citizens. Iraq to become a strong, healthy democratic as Salman Pak. As for waging the campaign, military nation—as was done in Europe and Japan The evidence stands for itself in provid- strategists have theorized that Saddam Hus- fifty years ago. q

20 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 21 of the public saw 9/11 as an appropriate America cannot afford to forget the sacrifices of New York moment for care and passion. People came City's firefighters and police officers. from all over the city, indeed the world, to volunteer in the rescue and cleanup efforts. There are certainly times when protesting groupthink and action is ap- Civility in Service propriate. Protesting the actions of those trying to save lives in a crisis situation, however, is completely offensive. Unlike the hijackers, who consciously by Stephen Tempesta decided to take over four planes and kill as many innocent civilians as possible, eptember 11, 2001 marked the largest September 11th, however, stripped the the civil service has nothing to do with attack on US soil in history. Out of usual invincible barrier from these men US military engagement in Afghanistan. thisS tragedy, many heroes rose from the and showed their vulnerability as mortal Yet the civil servants are rejected, not ashes of the World Trade Center. New human beings. These men described the the terrorists. During the Vietnam War, York’s Bravest and Finest were in the thick incredible temperature of the wreckage police and protestors clashed regularly, of the attacks and amply demonstrated weeks after the attacks had taken place sometimes violently. Just as spitting on to their coun- and the worry innocent veterans who returned from a try that their of the hot ash war which they neither caused, nor pro- nicknames are As a result of the brave ac- igniting as they longed was a disgusting display of will- well-deserved. tions of New York’s firefight- dug through ful misunderstanding, so too is protesting Before 9/11, ers and police officers on the remains of New York’s Bravest a senseless act from many New the buildings. which no good can come. Yorkers had 9/11, most New Yorkers have They had but As New York and the country heal grown weary rethought their attitudes one goal in from the horrific wounds inflicted last of the Police their mind: to year, Americans must remember those Benevolent toward their civil servants. find those still who risked everything to save others. Association The post-9/11 New York City clinging to life Many firefighters and police officers bickering over actively supports these men and save them were forced into retirement due to health better wages in any possible problems and injuries resulting from the when the city’s and women, both financially way. cleanup and searching. Many of those coffers were al- and mentally. D i s- same men and women who are now re- ready stretched turbingly, they tired would most definitely do it all over thin. Now, no also spoke of again, no matter the danger to themselves, one will forget the line of firefighters post-attack government protestors out- simply to help a fellow human being. and police officers waiting to enter the side of the city’s Armory, the very place Upon returning home for the St. south tower of the World Trade Center the firefighters and police slept and ate for Patrick’s Day last year, I saw how a city complex on that fateful Tuesday morn- weeks following the attacks. That some and a country could come together. During ing in a courageous and noble attempt to people could protest these men and a moment of silence, the most bustling rescue people. women simply because they are city in the world was completely As a result of the brave actions of New government employees simply mute. Not a sound of any kind York’s firefighters and police officers on 9/ disgusted me. Yes, these men and was heard; commentators 11, most New Yorkers have rethought their women are agents of the state, could only call it amazing. attitudes toward their civil servants. The the same As the national anthem post-9/11 New York City actively supports state, how- played in the back- these men and women, both financially and ever, which ground, firefighters mentally. People give whatever they can to formed a from several of the show their gratitude. I personally heard the c o a l i t i o n city’s stations sa- stories of 9/11 at a family barbeque, where against the luted the flag. A man I witnessed some of the bravest men of my oppressive Tal- behind me quietly family reduced to tears as they recounted iban. whispered, ”God that historic day. The ac- Bless America.” Most firefighters are both proud tions of these How truly fortunate we all are of and confident in the work they do. few should to have people in our society who would not be consid- do anything in their power, including Mr. Tempesta is a senior majoring in ered representative giving their life, to save another, simply History . of New York, however; much because both are Americans. q

22 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 23 ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

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THER OF ALL MO RID THE ES! ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­

22 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002 23 NON-PROFIT ORG. HE RIMARY OURCE T P S U.S. POSTAGE Mayer Campus Center PAID Tufts University BOSTON, MA Medford, MA 02155 PERMIT NO. 56885

NOTABLE AND QUOTABLE We’re going to find out who did this, and we’re America does not go abroad in search of monsters Cause it would take a lot more hate than you going to kick their asses. to destroy. She is the well-wisher to freedom and To stop the fascination —President George W. Bush independence of all. Even with an iron fist —John Quincy Adams Our baby got to rule the nation The tree of liberty must be refreshed from —Axl Rose time to time with the blood of patriots and Freedom is never more than one generation away tyrants. from extinction. We didn’t pass it to our children in When bad men combine, the good must associate; —Thomas Jefferson the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, else they will fall one by one, an unpitied sacrifice and handed on for them to do the same, or one day in a contemptible struggle. If it weren’t for my age, I would have gone after we will spend our sunset years telling our children —Edmund Burke his murderers. and our children’s children what it was once like —Tovah Pearl, Daniel Pearl’s grandmother in the United States where men were free. The men voted to attack the terrorists. —President Ronald Reagan —Jeremy Glick Victory at all cost, victory in spite of terror, for without victory there is no survival Avoiding disaster cannot remain the sole test of Let’s roll. —Winston Churchill American foreign policy. —Todd Beamer —Henry Kissinger Don’t tell me it’s time to grieve. It is not. As Happiness is a warm gun. long as the architects of the 9/11 terror at- War is an ugly thing, but not the ugliest of things. —John Lennon tacks are still alive and at large, any grieving The decayed and degraded state of moral and will be premature...because it will ultimately be patriotic feeling which thinks that nothing is The reason liberals prefer a park to luminous surpassed by another attack…I will grieve only worth war is much worse. skyscrapers is that they are not angry...they’re after those bastards are dead. —John Stuart Mill not angry at the terrorists. They believe true pa- —Jay D. Dyson triotism consists of redoubled efforts to expand Patriotism is not short, frenzied outbursts of the welfare state. We make war that we may live in peace. emotion, but the tranquil and steady dedication —Ann Coulter —Aristotle of a lifetime. —Adlai E. Stevenson If you run the Twin Towers footage backwards, the Yesterday, December seventh, 1941, a date Towers stand up again—we need to ask why has which will live in infamy, the United States If we knew that anyone disposed to terrorist the footage only ever been run forwards? of America was suddenly and deliberately at- activity would be red-haired, we’d find it reason- —Noam Chomsky tacked by naval and air forces of the Empire able to keep our eyes open for red-haired men of Japan. at airports. You don’t negotiate with someone who marches —President Franklin D. Roosevelt —William F. Buckley, Jr. into another country, devastates it, filling who- ever stands in his way. You get him out, make Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our It is God’s responsibility to forgive bin Laden. It is him pay and see that he is never in a position very freedom came under attack in a series of our responsibility to arrange the meeting. to do these things again. deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. —Anonymous member of the United States —Margaret Thatcher —President George W. Bush Marine Corps Even peace may be purchased at too high a We cannot allow the American flag to be shot Nobody has to put up with aggression and sur- price at anywhere on earth if we are to retain our render his right of self-defense for fear of hurting —Benjamin Franklin respect and dignity. somebody else, guilty or innocent. When someone —Barry Goldwater comes at you with a gun, if you have one ounce At the end of the day, we have to defend the of self-esteem, you will answer him by force, never American people, and if no one else is with us, mind who he is or who is behind him. If he is then we will defend ourselves alone. No American If you want a symbolic gesture, don’t burn the out to destroy you, that is what you owe to the President can concede that responsibility to a flag; wash it. sanctity of your own life. coalition or to anyone else. —Norman Thomas —Ayn Rand —Richard Perle

24 THE PRIMARY SOURCE, SEPTEMBER 11, 2002