I . Carroll AK 99563 (Hail Address: Pouch 7-028, Anchorage, AK 99501 I

U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Rsston, VA 22092

-- Memorandum

To: Staff Production Controller, Geologic Division

From: Chief, Office of Scientlfle PubIicatlons Subject: New USOS open-file report

, The following report was authorized by Henrv Spa1 1 for the Director on 4/30/86 for release in th -.:.I open files: .,: Prolec t Number: 9310-0138'1 1

' TITLE: Prel lminary geologic map and fossi 1 data, Sol omon', Bendel eben, and southern Kotzebue quadrangl es , Seward Peninsula, Alaska

. . AUTHOR: Alison 8. Till, Julie A. Dumoul Sn, Bruce M.. Gamble, Darrell S. Kaufman and Paul I . Carroll CONTENTS: 69 p., 3 aver-sfzesheets (1.e;, larger than 8 1/2 by 14 incies) -.-- *-- - -. -. - . .- MapScals: 1:250,000

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' -.: 1 I ; PRICE: 1 ORIGINATING OFF1 E Release date: JUL 1986 : Fiche $ Name: BWTR (Stop 95fi, Menlo Park Area: ALASKA :!... Paper $ Telephone: FTS 467-2300 OFR No. 86-276 4 - b UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRE INTERIOR

Preliminary geologic map and fossil data,

Solomon, Bendeleben, and southern Kotzebue

quadrangles, Seward Peninsula, Alaaka

Alison B. Till, Julie A. Dumoulfn, 1 Bruce M. Gamble, Darrell S. Kaufman

and Paul I. Carroll 2

Open-File Report 86-276

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey editortal atandards and stratigraphic nomenclature

Anchorage, Alaska 2m Seatt la, Washington TABLE OF COHTENTS

Introduction Acknowledgements Previous work Geologic map units Metamorphic rocks Nome Group High-grade metamorphic rocks of the Kigluaik, Bendsleben, and Dcrby Mountaf ns Rocks of the Kugruk fault zone Igneous rocks Inerusive rocks Volcanic rocks Surffckal deposits and sedimentary rocks Fossil data References cited

Figures : Figure 1: Location of quadrsngles and geographic features in the study area Figure 2: Ternary diagrams of intrusive rocks

Tables : Table 1: Characteristics of intrusive rocks Tabla 2: Analytical data for new K-Ar ages

Appendix A: Unit descriptions Appendix B: Fossil tables Table 1 : Megaf ossil eollectf ens Table 2: Microfossil collections Table 3: Barren microfossil localities

Plate 1: Preliminary Geologic Map Plate 2: Geologic cross-sections, Met of Hap units, Correlation of map units Plate 3: Foa~ilCollectton Localities INTRODUCTION

The geologic map and fossil data presented here in preliminary form are products of the Solomon-Bendeleben project of the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP). The proj act, undertaken in 1982, involved a team of geologisthi, geochemists, and a geophysicist; its object was to determine the geologic history and resource potential of the Solomon and Bendeleben 1 :250,000-scale quadrangles (See fig. 1). Geologic mapping was extended into the southern Kotzebue quadrangle. The geologic map and fossil data presented here are the foundation piece for the AMUP study. Hel icopter-supported mapping and sampling began in 198 1 and was completed in 1985. Other products of the Solomon-Bendeleben AKl7AP will be an MF Folio corn- prisiug a Quaternary geologic map, a mineral resource assessment and map, a geophysical interpretation, geochemical studies, and a placer gald map. The fossil data presented here will be rereleased as part of the folio, and the geologic map will be published in color (probably as part of the 1-series). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authote are indebted to the Elim native Corporation for permission to map on their lands. Thanks also to Bering Straits Native Corporation and NMA Corporation for access to their lands. The success of our field seasons was aeded by the generosity of Bill and Bette Laws of Council, C.J. Phillips of Nome, and the Department: of Transpor- tation in Nome. Special thanks go to Rlnehart Berg for great logistical help and gealogic observations. Thanks go to able helicopter pilots Lucky Wilson, Ed Millet, and in particular Paul Walrers. Processing and identification of microfossils included in this report waa . done in USGS labs in'wsshington, D.C., and Anchorage, Alaska. Thanks to Anita Earris and hex technicians in Washington; thanks also to Darrell Kaufman, Bill Thompson, and Kitty Reed for their work In the Anchorage lab.

PREVIOUS WORK

Early geblbg9c workers on the Seward Peninsula mapped parts of the Solo- mon and Beadelebca quadrangles CBraoks and others, 1901; Smirh and EakZn, 1911). Some of the units designated by P.S. Smith (1910) in "Geology of the Solomoa and Casadepaga quadrangles"' (no* the Solomon C-5 and D-5 quadrangles) have been adopted in chis report. 1 :250,000-scale geologic maps were made of the Bendeleben quadrangle (Sainsbury, 1974) and the western SoLomoa quadrangle (Sainsbury and others, 1972). A 1:250,000-scale map of the eastern Solomon and southeastern Bendeleben quadrangles was made by Miller and othere (1972).

GEOLOGIC W UNITS

The bedrock geology of the central Seward Peninsula is dominated by metamorphic and igneous rocks. Both low (blueschist and greenschis t f acies and high-grade lamphibolitc and locally granulite facies) metamorphic cock^ are intruded by several suites of Cretaceous granitic rocks. EX~QEU~~Sof unmctamorphosed sedimentary rocks are rare and of late Cretaceous to Tertiary age. Voluminous Tertiary and Quaternary basaltic rocks form a plateau in the central Bendeleben quadrangle, Bedrock exposure in the Bendeleben quadrangle is poor outside of the glaciated peaks of the Bendnleben Mountains, due to the lava plateau and thick loess and colluvial cover, Expoaure in the Sol0mon quadrangle is somewhat better becauae of the greater relief in the foothills south of the Kigluaik and Benddeben Mountains. In this report, metalimestone is used to describe carbonate rocks that have been partially recrystallized but retain some relict primary textures. All rocka described as dolostones also retain some primary textures. Marble is used to describe carbonates that have been totally recrystallized; all marbles referred to here are calcitic unles qualified as dolomittc.

Metamorphic rocks

Metamorphic rock in the study area are divided into two groups by metamorphic grade: low-grade, blueschist-facito rocks belonging to the Nome Group, and high-grade, generally amphibolite-facfes rocks. Where exposed in the study area, the contact between these groups ia a high-angle fault, except in the Darby Mountains where a progressive fncresae in metamorphic grade from north to south occurm. The ptotolith package for these two groups of rock was the same, at least: in part. Upgraded equivalents of Nome Croup unit^ can be mapped among the high-grade rocks.

The Nome group

The Nome Group, as originally defined by Moffit (1913), included two schist units with an interlayer of limestone. Xn his latest work Sainsbury (1974) included all Nome group rocka in the "slate of York region", Recent mapping ahow that the Nome Group is a metamorphic unit which includes txo parts: (1) a coherent, mappable pre-metamorphic stratigraphy (CpCs, OCx, Ocs, Oim) and (2) carbonate rocks with art unknown prc-meeamorphic relationship to that stratigraphy (Ddm, Cd, Od, Sd, Wbm, DCbm, among othero). Both parts are composed of early .Paleozoic and poseibly older protolithe which have undergone Jurassic blueschist-faties metamorphism and deformation (Forbes and others, 1984; Thurston, 1985). The Rome Group, as used here, includes all lithologies which retain mineral assemblages stable at blueschist and greenschist facies. Moat None group rocks contain blueschist-facies aaaamblages. Rocks in the vicinity of Kiwalik Mountain, also included in the Nome Group, equfli- brated at greenschist facies conditions; Name Group rocks mapped in the northern Darby Mountains show a biotite-grade overprint on blueschiat-facier assew blages . Name Group rocks record a series of metamorphic conditions that: are considered by Thurston (1985) to represent a monocyclic, polyfacial metamorphism. Early low-.temperature, high-pressure assemblages (sodic pyraxene, glaucophane and lawmonite in matabasites) were overprinted by high-pressure. asaemblagas stable at slightly higher temperatures (garnet, epldote and glaucophane in metabasitem). Locally, retrograde low greenachist-facies assemblages ware developed, probably during uplift. The prominent, pervasive foliation found ka moat Nome Group rocks is a product of the first and recond stages of metamorphksm. The deformation which accompanied metamorphism is characterized by ductile structures typical of deeper crustal processes; thrust faults have not been mapped within the Home Group stratigraphy. The flat-lying to shallowly dipping transposition foliation of the Nome group is an axial planar schfstoaity which is commonly parallel to lithologic layering; intrafolial isoclinal folds are abundant. This foliation is the product of penetrative ductfla deformation which presumably has significantly altered original geometric relationships between 1it:hostratigraphic units while leaving the stratigraphic succession largely intact. Lithologic contacts have been rotated into parallelism with the foliation in most exposures. Locally the foliation crosses lithologic layering at high angles, presumably in the vicinity of the binges of outcrop- to map-scale! recumbent folds. In the northeaet Seward Peninsla, fn the vicinity of Kiwalik Mountain, the metamorphic stratigraphy is inverted relative to moat exposures of tha Nome Group; thls map indicate that napps formation accompanied deformatiaa. Scretchfng lineations (mineral aggregates, boudinage axes) and isoclinal fold hinges formed with the schistosity both have a north-south trend; vergence haa not hen observed. All tbe above-mentloued structures were formed during reg2anal blueschisf-f acies metamorphism, and indicate that the Noms Group schists were at a sufficient: depth in the crust to undergo ductile deformation accompanied by significant extension along a north-south trend. Patrick (1986) haa used quartz peetofabrics to determine that the deformation had northward vargence* The profolith package of the Nome Group includes submarine sedimentary and igneous rocks of possibly Precambrian to Devonian age. Early Paleozoic lithologies formed in au area restricted from terrigenous input, favoring deposition of carboneta and aillceous sediment (OCx). During Ordovician time, a mafic volcanic event was recorded ia rocks now part of the Casadepaga Schist (Ocs). Carbonate depo~~itiorlresumed after the volcanic event, and the Impure chlorite marble unit (also Ordovician; Oim) was deposited. The depoaitfonal environment of post-Ordovician lithologies is less clear. Some carbonate deposition, on a platform or slope, continued on until the Devoniarl.

Eigh-grade rocks of the Kigluaik, 8eudcleben and Derby Mountains

Amphibollre- and locally granulite-facfes metamorphic roclcs of the Kig- luaik, Bendaleben, and Darby Mountains sra referred to here aa the "high-grade rocks". These Include upgxaded equivalents 'of the Home Group metamarphic stratigraphy (Oimh, Ocsh, Wxh , and CpEsh) and generalized units IPzp€h, PzpGg, PzpCm) which may include rocks other than the Nome group, as well. The high-grade socka had a variety of metamorphic histories. In the eastern BendeZaben and southern Darby Mountains, sillimanitet-beartng schist and marble ate found in envelopes surrounding plutonic roclca (Pzpeg), and record only one metamorphic event. Ugh-grade rocks in the central and northern Darby Moun- tains, weatern Berldelabena, and eastern Kigluaik Hountains are polpetamor- phic Polpmatamorphiam in the Kigluaik and Bendsleben Mountains produced early high-pressure assemblages including kyanite and staurolita and late low-pres- sura assemblages containing aadalusite, cordierite, orthoamphibole, and silli- manite. Evidence for blueschiat-facfea metamorphism in these rocks is lack- ing, but may have been obliterated. fa the northern Darby Mountains, originally blueschist-facies Nome Group rocks show a biotitr-grade thermal overprint. The grade of the thamal overprint fncreares southward to Me. Arathlatuluk, where granulite-facies schist awl stocks of anacactic granite are found. Here the high-grade metamorphism apparently has ovexprinted blueschisf-facies socks. Finally, wndalusite- bearing contact metamorphic aeacmblages, formed with intrusion of the Darby pluton, crorr-cut rhe prograde metamorphic sequence.

Rock of the Eugruk fault zone

A zone of generally north-south trending vertical faults in the eaat part of the uup area defines the KugruIr fault zone (Sainsburg, 1974; see fig. 1). The most common rocks in the fault zone are Nome Group carbonates but blueschist-fncies mylonitic metabaaite (MzPzm), matabasalt (MzPzb), carbonate and mafic clsst conglomerate (TKc) , sandstone (TKs), an altered tonallte (MzPzt) , and rare aerpentinite (MzPzs) occur as well. The mylonitic metabasite (MzPzm) contains relict igneowi as well as high-pressure minerals (glaucophane and lawsodte); the high-pressure minerals indicate metamorphism occurred at pressures greater than 7-8 kb. Despite overlap with metamorphic conditions of the Nome Group, the incomplete recryatallization and brittle deformation texture8 recorded in the mylonftic metabasita iudfcata it had a different deformatfoual history. The carbonate and mafic clast conglomerate is a ridge- forming unir in the fault zoaa. It contains clasts of other bedrock units found in the fault zonia (principally the myloniric merabasite and Paleozoic carbonate lithalogies) but also contains clasta of rocb not found locally in the fault zone or the surrounding Noma Group. The elongate Cretaceous Dsrby plutoa ia alignad along the aau~hern r~ctioaof the fault zone, and it is po;ssible that thia zone of crustal weakness was first active in Cretaceous time. Nome Group roclta have been ideatif led an both sides of the zone, so it can not c~astftues the boundary between the "continental" rocks of Seward Peninsula and the oceanic rocka of the Yukon-Koyukuk province (Patton and Tatlleur, 1977).

Igneous rocks

Intrusive rocka

The Devonian orthogneiss at Kiwalik Mountain (fig. 1) , which intruded the protolith of the Home Group, is the only orthogneiss in the study area of known Paleozoic age. Orthogneiss bodiea (Pzg) near Serpentine Hot Springs and Cage Nome are po~aiblycorrelaftve in age. Early Paleozoic orthogaeiss bodies have baa found in the Nome Group in the Nome quadrangle {R.L. Armstrong, written camm., 1985). Cretaceous magmatic activity on Seward Peninsula is represented by three to four euites of gradtss in the Bedaleben and Solomon quadrangles (Miller and Bunker, 1976; Budson and Arth, 1983). Rocks of granitic composition have been named according to the LUGS claasificatioa aehmue (Stseckhefaca, 1976). Basic information on the 23 intrusive igneous rock units 1s included in Table 1. Componltkon, mineralogy, age, and significant references for each unit are listed. Textural characteristics, intrusive relationships, mineralization, and possible correlations are listed in the unit deecriptions (Ap- pendix A). Table 2 liats new radiomatric ages which have been obtained; ternary diagram showing model percentages of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclssa (recalculatsd to 100 percent) for intrusive rocks are included In figure 2-

Volcanic rocks

During Ceaoacic time, probably Kocane to Recent, baaaltic volcaaism has produced a plateau in ehe Bendelebea quadrangle (QTv, Qv, Qlj). Felsic hypa- byusal rocks (Tar in the Bendeleben MounEains may be in part coeval with the baaalts.

Flgure 2, continued:

lntruslrs rock nomenclature ImodIIled from Streckeisen, 1976) Ouar tz

8- quartz monzonlta 0- quartz monzodlorlt~lquar~xrnenrogabbro 10- quartz dlorltalquartz prbbrulquartt, mnorthollt. Table 1.--Characterlstlcs of Inttuslve Rocks

Agr Deter- brcntil ~ek%swy w+ mfnatlon Intrusive Cmporltlon Hi neral s Hlneral s (Ha) TY pe Coments and References TI - quark ug porpRyrltle with rphanitic grounhrx; pig inuarlrbly qusrtz latlte Iatlte phenocrysts) altered to serfcct; mag vnrlably oxfdjred to hem (121

porphyrltlc, aphanftlc to very fine-grained, Intergranular grounbass, lacslly 3ntersertal or subtrachytfc; vnrlably altered; intrude 82 Wa BendelebPR plum; lev. eph. fcx are alterattons praducts; &I? essential cnlnerlls ray occur as phenwrysts and(or1 groundmans constitueats

Kog - prmlte ksp.plg.qtr, uy.#ll.apt, 69.2t2 K-Ar bfotlta swcrrl textural phases fmluding fir-gralnd equlgrmular. Oonatut hi0 71.2t2 K-lt bfatlte ~~44tCand porphyrttlc; zoned tFn granltt cmplta; a11 Craalte ML~I"'~'r" erscntlrt minerals MCUr a5 phenocrysts tn porphyrlttc phases; m. flt. tml an late stage or &uter(c nlnerals (4.51

KC - ytWfor1 k, ksp.plg,qt*, sph,xir;i finegrained equlgranular or flnc- to dl-grained seriate; Pargon plucon quartz bio;ihbl, apt,sll ,OW equtvalent, In part to Kg and pCgn of Salnsbury [I9741 monrodlorl te, prn locally monzogranita

Kb - rorrzqrrrtta plg,ksp,ptz, spk.opq;f 91 .h2* K-Ar blotitt Cine-grrlwd equ4grmular. setlate, fine- to ledlur-grajmd lendel cbPn to ql~rtz ble &~l~z~r~~pt pwphyrjtic; plg. ksp. qtz adbin an tha phmocryrts Is pluton ronzodtori te por hyrlttc phases (lo!

Kkz - mnznqranite, ksp,plg,gtz, apq,rph,ept, 83.Ofl.4 K-fir blotlbc fim- tn corrse-grrlnrd serlate or porphyrl tlc; usIs a Uuxltrln q~uartr b1o;fkbl all .z$r sEcandav drrrl; k5p is the phmocryrt In porphyrltlc pluton nonron.ltc. varlttfes grsmd4arlte (3)

IUu - quartz plg.ksp.qtz. sph.mag.apt. 91.8i2.W K-k blotllc ffne- to wdltbgrrlned, serlrtc; (age pmlded by Kugruk pluton monzanl ttt to hbl ,bio rir,all T.P. Hlller, written comnunlcatlon, 1964) quartz (9,121 monzodlarl te K.a - mlogrrnltc. krp,plg,qtz. all ,apt.xf~, coarse-gralncd, porphyritic; ch#racterlzad by law ksp Asses Ears syenogrmtte blo,hbl SP~ phenecry sts stock (2,3)

Kcb - wnzogranita ksp,qtz.plg. Tl t ,ul~.111, ffm- ta mdim-grained, serlate to wbporahyriflc; ksp Is Crossfox Butte ta q.arLr blo OW emryst In subporpkrrlMe rarletfcs stock mroalte

Kub - quartz ksp,qtz,plg, 1 rapt; 94.8t1.9 K-Ar blottta . fine- to coarse-grained, serlrte to porphyrltfe; ksp and plg V4rglnia 011th lonxonite to blo.hbl for"4 are phenoerysts la porpkyrltic vrrtetles Stock zymlte /31

Knh - monzonl te ksp,~lg,hbl, sph,0pq.4pte flne- to coarse-grained, serlrte or porphyrltlc; ksp ts the Itinrod Hf 1 l pr~;minor zl r phenocryst In porphyrittc rsrlettes stock qtz and blo 131

Kd - qurrtx ksp,plg,qtr, magmall ,qh. 9Q.5t1.Y K-Ar biotite coarse-gratned, prpkyrltlc; first 2 dates am a Oarby pluh wrumitt. blo,hbl apt,ztr; 95.1+2.7* K-Ar brablende mineral pair; chrrwk@rizedby large ksp phanocrystr gradiorl te tflt 94.4f2.9' K-ar biotite (10) 96.4t3* K-Arblotlte arrc - qurrtz ?lg.k~~.ptr. M.om.a~t. flw- to coarse-grained. serlate to subwrphyritic. Mindy Creek mzonita hbt ,p*lr zlr.al?;t locally porpbrltlc ~4thaphrnltlc to rery Clr- pluton FTt pairred gro~hass;cut by bIatEtc grmodlorlte dlR@s; lacally argal l F~ed,St-stulned, w!qtz-HoS FeSZ va4nletc; . plg, ksp and qtr are the phenocrysts tn ti; porphyritic phase (7)

coarse-grained; border phasel'll of Kknr lek

granodlorl te qtz,plg,ksp, opq,apt;t medium-grained; border phase( 7 1 of Kkms; cct, mu5 and chl b lo ePt &re secohdavy miwrrl s (95

Kk9 - granodlorlta, Ig,ksp,qtz. s h.zir,apt, coarse-grained, porphyrltk; plg and maftc minerals are K4e haui k quartz Eio,i~bl,prw *PI ,mag phenocrysts and groundmass conrt~tuents granodlorf te monzonl te 1BS1Q1 Table 1. -- ( contjnued)

Rkms - monzonl te, ksp,pl o,hbl, rph ,apt,zi r, 99.3f 3* K-Ar hornblende rdtum- to coarse-prrl nad, porphyrl tic; ksp. hbl and pm are Kachaul k syenite Prx mag,atl pheaofryrts and grounbass conslltuents l~tz011lte- i8,10) syenf b

Kde - nephel im nph .ksp ,hbl, sph ,apt .opq 108m K-Ar hornblende trachytol d fabric Dry Canyon syanl tr Prx (6,0l stock

Kad - naphsl lne ksp ,nph .ps?, fl t 96.3f 3 K-Ar bfotite fine- to medium-grained, equt granular to serlate, alkaline dlkes syenfte, gnt,bfo porphyrltlc; psl Is the phenocryrt in the porphyry psrudoleucttr 4i,c,er porphyry

KP!~ - alkal l krp.plg.qtr Ul .gar* coarse-grrlmd , sert ate to equl granular pegmatite feldspar mas,bto,flt, granf te to apqmapt,sph, quartz sf1 ,kyt,md, monzodiori te all ,prn

Kfg - mostly fine-grained, equlgranular to seriate, fol lrted; fa1 fated rnlneral segretatlon lqyerlng corrmon granite

Kgu - grrnlte, ksp ,p\g,gtr; tblo ,hbl fine- to coarse-grained, equjgranular to porphyrl tic; undlff. granodlorl te mus.grr,bl, ksp, plg, qtz, bin md hbl occur as phenocrysts In granl te sph,opq.rir. various porphyritic vart ettes all ,apt, tpzl?) ,cht?l, cdt{?)

MzPzt - ton# 11tt plg,qtt; opq,rir;~bio fine- to coarse-gratned, serirte to rubporphyrl tic. Spruce Creek (crlclc thbl locally porphyrftte wlth very fine-grained grounhass; stock tmndhjarni te) hbl preserved only in mrtkmst exposures of main body, elsewhem altered to chl+eptfapqs; plg and qtz; plg and qtr are phenocrysts In the porphyrltfc phase (121

* prevtously reported ages recalculated ul th new IUGS) K-Ar age constants Wmral abbrebvlattons used In thls table all allanfte hornbl ande Prx py rexenu and dndalusite hmatltc PSI pseudo1eueite apt apatl te a1 kal 1 Pel dspdr qtz quam bia blotlti! kyanite rtl rutf le ctt cilci te l eucoxene ser sePicl te edrP corundu magnetf te sch sr heel 4 te cdt cmdf erlte mnax-lte $11 sf 1t IrsanJ te ept epi do te muscovf te SPh rphsne Sex Iron oxides nephel rne m1 burma1ine flt F7uorite opaque5 t?Z topar gar garnet pl agiaclase 21 P zi rcon

[I) Berry, A.L., Oalmle, 6.B., Lamphere, H.A., and Yon Eisen. J.C., 1976, Sumay of at $cellancous potassl ma-argon age deteminatf ons , U.S. Gmtogfcal Survey. Menlo Park. Calf fornf a, for the years 1972-1974: U.S. Cecllogtcal Surrey tl~ular727. 13 p. I21 Herreid. Mrdan. 1966, the Geology and gtocheuistry of the lnmachuk River map area, Sewad Peninsula, PI aska: A1 aska Oivlslon Of Hines and Mt neral 5, tcaloglc Report Ho. 23, 25 p. (3) Hapkins, DcH., 1963, Geology of the fmruk Lake area, hard Peninsula. Alaska: U.S. Wlogfcal Suluey Bulletln Ilhl-C, 101 p.

(4) Hudson, Travis, 1979, Ignmus and wetamarphic racks af the Serpentine Hot Sprfngs area, %ward Pen4 nsul a, A1 aska: U.S. Geologi~alSurvey Protesslonaf Paper 1079, 27 p.

(51 Hudson. Travfe, and Artit,. J.G., 1983. Tin gtanites of the Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Galog~calSociety of herJca Bulletin. r. 94, no. 6. p. 768- . 790.

(6) Mlllcr, T.P., 1972, PotassSm-rJckalkallnc intmlvt mcksot western Alaska: Geolugieal Soclefy tyf hePm*.lca Bulletin, r. 83, no. 7, p. 2111- 2128. (7) Hiller, T.P., Ellfott, R.L.. Grybeek, D.H., andtludsan, T.L., 2971, Results of gwrcheafcal s-1 fng In the northern Darby Muntains, Sward Pen.inrula, hl aska: U:S. Geological Sumey Open-Fl le Report 478, 12 p.

(81 Hiller, T.P., Crybeck, 0.6.. Elliatt, R.L., and Hudson, T.L., 1972, PrelIminarjr gcoaogic map of the eastern Solomn and southeastern flendeleben quadrang1 es, eastern Sward Penlnsul a, dl aska: U.S. Wlogicat Surrey Open-Flle Report 537, 11 p., 1 pl.

(9) Hlllw, T.P., and Bunker, C.M., 1975, U, Th andK analyses of salected plutonic rocks from wcst-cent~al Alaska: t1.2. Wlogical Survey Open- FIle Raport 75-216, 5 p.

(10) Hiller, T.P., and Bunke~,C.M., 1976, A monnaisranee study of the uranjm and tholriu con-nts of pluton4e rocks of UH southeastern Seward Ptnlnsula. Alaska: U.S. Geolagtcaf fume Journal of Research, u. 4, no. 3, p. 367-377. (11) Mlla~,T.P., flliett, R.L., FJnch, U.I.. and Bmks, R.A.. 1916. Prrlfrnina~y report on uranim, thorf um-, and rar+-earth-baarfnp rocks near Golovln. Alaska: U.S. Wlogical SUW~Open-File Report 76-710, 12 p. 1121 Sainrtrury , C.L., 1971, Geologic map of the Bendclobon quadrangle, Swrd Psnfnsula, Alaska: 7?w Mpmaters, Anchorage, Alaska, 31 p., 1 p?.

Surficial deposits and sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary depoelts are poorly exposed in the study area, and include rocka of Tertiary and possibly late Cretaceous age. The large basins which flank the Bendeleben and Kigluaik Mountains contain Tertiary sediments that are exposed locally on the basin boundaries. Sedimentary rocks of Eocene age have baen found in a small basin in the northern Darby Mountains (T* Ager, written cam., 1985). The best exposures of sedimentary rocks (TK~,!lKc) are found along the eaa tern boundarf as of the Bendeleben and Solomon quadrangles in the Kugruk fault zone. Rocka containing significant amounts of coal are also found in this zone. FOSSIL DATA

The fossil locality map end associated tables (Appmdix B) contain8 all the pre-Quaternary megafauna and microfauna data collected during the course of the Bendeleben-Solomon AMRdP Froj ect C 1982-85 1. In addition, because fossil data from central Sewatd Peninsula are scarce, we have also tabulated all pre-Quaternary fossil occurrences (excluding pollen and plants) published since 1960 as well aa all available previously collected but unpublished USGS fossil data. Only a few collections -re made in the map area prior to 1960 (Brooks and others, 1901; Collier, 1908; Smith, 1910; Smith and Eakin, 1911; Kindle, 1911) * Re-collectlona were mads at as many of these localities as could be precisely located by W.W. Patton, Jr., USGS, in the early 1970'r and by Dumovlin during the Bendeleben-Solomon AMIlAP Project. Rasults of the pre-1960 collections are sumarized in the "Remarlcs" colum of the fossil tables adjacent to the appropriate recollection. Whsra necessary, J.T. Dutro, Jr., -USGS, provided revised age assignments, based on modern stratlgrrphic and paleontologf c infomation, for the older collec tioas . Since 1960, fosail data from central Sewatd Peninsula has been published by Miller and others (19721; Sainsbury (19741; and Oliver and othera (1975). All pertinent faunal lists and collection localities contained in theae publi- cations are reprintad here. Previously unpublished data from the map area was provided by T.P. Millet, W.Y. Patton, Jr., and C.L Saiaabury. T.J. Ryherd, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, kindly allowed reference to his unpublished fossil discoveries in the southern Kotzebue quadrangle. Pre-Qlraternary pollen d plant collactioas (not tabulated here) have been published in Hapkins (1963 and 19671, and Hopkim and others (1971). Data on Quaternary fossil collections from caneral Seward Peninsula can be found in Kaufman and Hopkias (1985). The fossil locality map should be used in conjunctioa with the geologic map; geologic units axe not shorn on the locality map, but unit assignments are given fa the tables. Fossil locafities appear on the map according to ffeld number; in the table, field numbers are listed in alphabetic and then numeric order, and USGS collecCioa numbers are also listed where appropriate. During the course of AMRAP, a few coLlections were made in the western- most parta of the Norton Bay and Candle quadrangles where they adjoin the A?fRAP map area. The results of these collections are listed in the tables although the local1ties are ao t ahom on the map * These are three explanatory tables in Appendix B. Table 1, the mega- fossil collections; Table 2, the microfossil collections; and Table 3, barren collrctlonr made in search of microfossils. I£ more than one sample was collected at a single locality (for example, both megafosaila and microfo~sils ware collected, or microforails were collected by two different workera or In two different years) croea references are given to all other collections from that locality in the "Remarks" column, If diffarent lithologiar were collected at a single locality, or if the lithology collected represents a subordinate lithology for that geologic unit, this fact is mentioned in the "Remarks" column. In a few eases, fossils have been obtained Prom outcrops of a given geologic unit which are too small to be ahom at the scale of the geologic map. Such cases of discrepancy between unit assignment in the fossil tables ad unit distribution on the geologic map ara explained in the "Remarks" column. Lastly, where newly obtained fossil data in in conflict with previously published age assignments, such conflicts have been noced (also in the "Remarks" column). Megafossilr have been found at 19 localities. The megafauna consista of tabulate and rugoee corals, stromatopotoids, bryoaoa, and brachiopods identified by W.A. Oliver, Jr., J.T. Dutro, Jr., and O.L. Karklins, all of the USGS, Most of the collactions come from uair Ddm (11 collections) ; but Pzm (6), Od (11, and a clasr in TKc (1) also yielded Paleozoic megafossils. Most of the known megetfossil localities were also collected for microfossils. Ninety-one microfos~il colleetiona were recovered from 80 localities. Conodonts dominate the Paleozoic microfauna, but phosphatic brachiopods, lapworthellids, phosphatic epine steinkeras, radiolaria, and ichthyoliths ware also found. The Paleozoic microfauna was identified by A.G.' Harris, J.E. Repetrkf, and K.M. Reed (USGS); and B.K. Holdsuorth (University of Keela, England). Again, most of the collactions (27) come from. unit Ddm. Other units which contain Paleozoic mfcrofoarils axe TKc (21 collectiens from indi- vidual clasts in the conglomerate), Od (111, Mbm (7), Pzd (6), Wx (b), Wbm (51, Pxm (31, Sd (I), Oim (11, and Ed (1). Younger mfcrofossills (pollen) have hen recovered from two localities in TKs and identified by E.B. Leopold (University of Waehfngton)* Conodont color alteration indices (included under "Remarks") indicate minim- tempatatures reached by the host rocks (me Epstein and others, 1977, fox a full explanation of CAI theory and practice). The currently accepted temperature ranges for given CAI values are provided at the end of Table 2. However, it ehould be noted that anomdously high CAIs can be produced by expoeure to aaline or corrosive fluida (such as may be involved in episodes of mineralization or dolozuitization). Biofacies interpretations for conodoat faunas are also provided, where appropriate, under "Bemarks". More information on provincialism and biofacies in lower Paleozoic conodonts can be f ouad in Clat k 11984) . Ir should also be noted here that in the highly deformed and metamor- phored carbonatma of central Sewaxd Peninsula, much better success was achfaved in recovering conodonts from dolomitic carbonates than from calcitic carbonates. This is the opposite of the situation in uuametamorphosed carbonate~, where limestoaea typically yield more abundant and better presemsd faunaa than do dolostones (A.C. Barria, written commun., 1985). More than tvo thirds of the ccntral Seward Peninsula conodont faunas were obtained from doloetones; oaly 304: of colfectiona from dolostoaa were barren, compared to 652 of collections from metalkmestone and marble. Lastly, a list of localities which yielded collections barren of micro- folaails is included here for two reasons. First, to indicate that where fossil data from certain unfts or geographic areas is sparse, it is not usually due to lack of sampling. Second, to indicate where future aampling for conodonts might most profitably be undertaka. REFERENCES CITED

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Braoh, A.E., Richardson, G.B., Collier, A.J., and Mendsnhall, W.C. 1901, Reconnaissances- in the Cape Nome and Norton Bay regions, Alaska, in 1900: U.S. Geological Survey Special Publication, 185 p.

Clark, If. L. (ed) , 1984, Canodant biof acies and provincialism, Geological Society of America Special Faper 169, 340 p.

Collier, Ad., Hess, F.L., Smith, Pas*, and Brooks, A.B., 1908,' The gold placers of parts of Sewerd Peninsula, Alaska, including the Nome, Coun- cil, Kougarok, Port Clarence, and Goodhope precincts: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 328, 343 p.

Dumoulin, J.A., and Till, A.B., 1985, Sea -cliff exposures of metamorphosed carbonate and achist, northern Seward Peninsula, fn Bsrtsch-Winkler, Suaan, and Reed, K.MEI,, eda., The United States Geological Survey in Alaska-Accomplishments during 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 945, p. 18-22.

Epstein, A.G., Epstein, J.B., and Harri~,L.D., 1977, COUO~O~~Ecolor aleer- ation-an index to organic metamorphism: U. S. Geological Survey Prof es- sional Paper 995, 27 pa

Forbes, R.B., Evans, B.W., and Thurston, S.P. 1984, Regional progressive high- pressure metamorphism, Seward Penfnsula, Alaska: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 2, p. 43-54.

Gasdner, M-C., and Hudson, T.L., 1984, Structural geology of Precambrian and Paleozoic metamorphfc racks, Seward terrane, Alaska [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, no. 5, p. 285.

Herreid, Gordon, 1966, the Geology and geochemistry of the Inmachuk River map area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: Ataaka DFvision of Mfnes and Minerals, Ceologic Report No. 23, 25 p.

Eopkfns, D.M. 1963, Geology of the Imuruk Lake Area, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 11414, 101 p.

Bopkins, D.H. (ed.) 1967, The Bering Land Bridge: Stanford University Press, 485 p-

Hopkina, D.H., Hatthew, JmV., Jr., Wolfs, J.A., and Silberman, M.L., 1971, A Pliocene flora end insect fauna from the Bering Strait region: Paleo- geography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, v. 9, p. 211-231.

Hudson, Travis 1979, Igaseus and metamorphic rocks of the Serpentine Hot Springs area, Seward Penlnaula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Profes- sional Paper 1079, 27 p. Hudson, Travis, 1977, Geologic map of Seward Peninaula, Alaska: U.S. Geo- logical Survey Open-Fils Report 77-7966, 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000.

Hudson, Travis, and Arth, J. G. , 1983, Tin granites of the Seward Peninsula, Alaaka: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, no. 6, p. 768- 790 . Kaufman, D.S., 1985, Surficial geologic map of the Solomon, Bendeleben, and southern part of the Kotzebue quadrangles, Alaaka: U.S.Geolagica1 Survey Miscellaneous Fteld Studies Map 1838-A, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. Kaufman, DmS ., and Hopkins , D.M., 1985, Late Cenozoic radiometric dates, Sewexd and Balddn Peninsulas and adjacent continental shelf, Alaska: a.s. Geological Survey Open-Fila Report 85-374, 27 p.

1986, Glacial history of the Seward Peninsula, & Hamilton, T.D., Reed, K.M., and Thorson, R.M., eds., Glaciatim in Alaska-the geologic record: Alaska Geological Society Journal, p. 51-77.

Kindle, E.M., 1911, The faunal succession in the Port Clarence limtstone, Alaska: American Journal of Science, oer. 4, v. 32, no. 191, p. 335-349.

Miller, T.P., 1972, Potassium-rich alkaline intrusive rocks of western Alaska: Geological Society of America BuAletin, v. 83, no. 7, pm 2111- 2128,

Hiller, T.P., and Bunker, C.M., 1976, A reconnaissance rtudy of the uranium

and thorium contents of plutonic rockg ' of the southeastern ~svardPenin- sula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 4, no, 3, p. 367-377.

Miller, T.P., Elliott, R.L., Finch, W.I., and Brooks, R.A., 1976, Preliminary report on uranium-, thorium-, and rare-earth-bearing rocks near Golovin, Alaeka: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-710, 12 p.

Hiller, T.P., Elliott, R.L., Grybeck, D.J., and Hudeon, T.L., 1971, Results of geochemical sampling in the northern Darby Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 478, 12 p.

Miller, T.P., Grybeck, D.J., Elliott, R.L., and Hud~on, Travis, 1972, Prelimi- nary geologic map of the eastern Solomon and southeastern Bendeleben quadrangles, eastern Seward Penin~ula, Alaska: U.5. Survey open-file report, 11 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:250,000 (previously listed as Open-File Report 72-256).

Moffit, Fred I., 1913, Geology of the Nome and Grand Central quadrangles, Marla: U.S. Geological Sumey Bulleein 533, 140 p.

Oliver, W.A., Merriam, C.W., and Churkin, Michael, 1975, Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian corals of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 823-B, 31 p- Patri'ck, Brian E*, 1986, Relationship between the Seward Peninsula blueschists and the Brooks Range orogeny: evidence from regionally consistent stretching liaeatioasz Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 18, no, 2, p. 169,

Patccn, V.W=, Jr., and aejtey, B&la, 1980, Geologic map of St. Lawrence Is- land, Alaska: U.S. Geological Suwty Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-1203.

Patron, W-WI, Jr., and Tailleur, I.L., 1977, Evidence in the Bering Strait: region for differential movement between North America and Eurasia: Geological Society of Amerkta Bulletin, v. 88, p. 1298-1304,

Ryherd, T.J., and Paris, C,E., 1985, Lower Paleozoic carbonate slope sequence, northern Seward Peninsula, Afaaka: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 4, p. 667.

l986, Ordovician through Silurian carbonate slope sequenee, northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, & Tailltut, I.L., and Rdmer, Paul, eds., Alaskan florth Slope Geology: SEPH Special Publication (in press).

Seiaabury, C-L-, 1974, Geologic map of the Bendeleben quadrangle, Seward Peninsula, Alaska: The Mapmakers, Anchorage, 31 p., 1 pl., scale 1:250,000.

Sainsbury, C.L., Hudson, Travis, Ewing, Rodney, and Marsh, W-R., 1972, Recon- naissance geologic map of the vest half of the Solomon quadrangle, Alaska; PIS. Geological Survey open-file report, 10 p., 1 sheet, 1:250,OOOm

Smfth,.P.S-, 1910, Geology and mineral resources of the Solomon and Cgsadepaga quadrangles, Seward Penfnsula, Alaska: U.S. Geological Bulletin 433, 234 P-

Smith, P.S., and Eakfn, H.H., 1911, A geologic reconnaissance In southeastern Seward Peninsula and the Norton Bay-Nulato region, Alaska: U.S. Geo- log5cal Survey Bulletin 439, 234 p.

Streckeisen, Albert, 1976, To each plutonic rock its proper name: Earth Science Reviews, 12, p- 1-33.

Swansan, S.E. , Turner, D.L., Forbes, R.B., and Rapkins, D.H., 19811 Petrology and geocbronology of Tertiary and Quaternary basalrs from rhe Seward Peninsula, ueatera Alaska: Geological Society of Amerlca Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, no. 7, p. 563.

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Turner, D.L., and Swansan, S.E., 1981, Continental, rifting; a new tectonic model for the cantral Saward Paninaula, Westcatt , S.E., and Turner, P.L., ads., Geothermal reconnaissance survey of central Seward Peninsula, Alaska: University of Alaska Geophysical Inet5tute Report UAG R-284, p. 7-36 * UNIT DESCRIPTIONS, SOLOHON, BENDELEHEN, AND SOUTHERN KOTZEBUe QUADRANGLES

Qbm - Modern beach deposits (Holocene) Clean sand and cobbly sand forming modern spits, beaches, and barrier bars Qb - Beach depoairs (Pleistocene) Silt, sand, and gravel depasited during the last interglacial (Pelukian) and perhaps older marine transgressions on the southern coastal plain (north of Safety Sound). Includes ancient barrier bars composed of well-sorted sand forming linear ridges Qe - hne sand depoaite (Pleistocene) Well sorted, fine sand generally overlain by thin sf lt cover. Pound west of GDlovin hgoon where it is exposed in swales and river cuts 98 - Silt and peat deposits (Quaternary) Thf ck deposits of weakiy stratified, well-sorted eolian silt with sand, os- ganic-rich silt, and derrital pear. Contains ice wedges and high volume of interstitial ice. Supports numerous thaw lakes and piagos. Found in marshy, topographfc depressions throughout the map .area Qlt- Lake terrace deposits (Pleistocene) Stratified sand and silt ~5thsome fine gravel. Fonns terraces above Imuruk, Kuzitrin, and Salmon Lakes Qd - Glacial drift, undivided (Late Quaternary) Unsorted, naastratffiad till; Xocdly stratified ad sorted ice-contact and outwash gravel. Includes drift deposits from the four mast recent glacial f ntervals recognized on the Seward Peninsula by Kaufman and Hopkins ( 1986) . The oldest deposits {assigned to the Stewart River glaciatfon) are probably pre-Wisconsin in age. They form subdued, gravelly ridges that have been substantially modified by past-glacial weathering. Drift of the next younger Interval (Salmon Lake) is found closely nested behind The older, outermost drift. In the study area, glaciers of this interval were largely restricted to mountain valleys, but aauth of the Kigluaik Mountains, they spread out begaad the mountain front forming large, piedmont lobes. Glaciers of the succeeding inearval (bunt Osbarn) were confined to mountainow tributary valleys where they left mraines that retain their morphologic freshness, The youngest $ce advance is latest Wisconsin or early Holocene age, recorded only in a few of the highest valley heads.

The unit is found fur inside the limits of much older drift which, on this map, baa been incfudnd in map unit Qc. A more thorough dlscuaafon of the study area's glacial history is provided by Kaufman (1985) and Kaufman and Hopkins ( 1986)

Qc - Silty colluvium, undivided (Quaternary)

Massive to weakly stratified silt, fine sand, and pebbles derived predominantly from windblown or frost-rived materials. In valley bottoms, deposits include stratified organic silt and peat with abundant interstitial ice. On valley walls, deposits form solifluction lobes of poorly sorted stony silt. On hi11 tops and ridges, material is angular, frost-rived bedrock rubble. Along mountain flanks, unit includes aprons of inactive alluvial fans. North of the Kigluaik Mountains, around Safety Sound, and in McCarthyls Marsh, unit includes extensive areas of (early Pleistocene) glacial deposits highly modified by weathering processes and commonly overlain by a thick cover of windblown silt. The volcanic rocks of the Imuruk Lake lava plateau, also overlain by a thick mantle of silt, are included in this unit. The most widespread surficial unit throughout the map area

Qal - Alluvium, undivided (Quaternary)

Stratified deposits of sorted gravel, sand, and silt. Includes active chan- nel, terrace, overbank, fan, oxbow lake fill, glaciofluvial and lagoon deposits, and dredge tailings. Also includes small eolian sand dunes on point bars in the major basins and thermal spring thaw zones QTkg - Kougarok Gravel (~uaternary,Tertiary)

Oxidized, quartz-rich pebble-cobble gravel with lenses of silt, sand, and abundant detrita1. plant debris. Locally contains ice-wedge pseudomorphs. Forms as terrace remnants along the northwest margin of Kuzitrin River basin.

Locally divided into lignified wood and peat unit: (1) exposed in wave-cut pingos near the confluence of Noxapaga River and Turner Creek (noted QTkg (1) oa the map). Unit was called middle member of the Kougarok Gravel by Hopkins (1963) and Noxapaga Formation by Sainsbury (1974). Contains a middle Miocene pollen assemblage (T. A. Ager, written commun., 1985)

VOLCANIC BOCKS

Qlj - Lost Jim Basalt (Holocene)

A single basaltic lava flow and associated vent deposits which are undisrupted by frost brecciation. Found in the central Bendeleben quadrangle

Qv - Volcanic rocks, undivided (~uaternary)

Basalt flows and associated vent deposits that are slightly to strongly fragmented by frost riving and are locally overlain by windblown silt. Alkali olivine basalt and olivine tholeiite. Alkalic rocks contain phenocrysts of olivine with plagioclase, augite, and spinel in the groundmass. Tholeiitic rocks contain plagioclase phenocrysts with augite, hypersthene, olivine, and spinel in the groundmass (Swanson and others, 1981). Underlies portions of the Lost Jim Basalt in the central Bendeleben quadrangle. Includes the Ca- mille Basalt and Gosling Volcanics of Hopkins (1963), as well as small flows in cha valley centers of Lava snd Bear Creeks. K-Ar determinations on basalt from the Kugruk River canyon (Turner and Swanron, 1981) am3 from Minnie Creek (ICsufman and Hopkins, 1985) indicate that the Gosling Volcsnica were in part extruded between 0.8 and 0.9 Ma. The Camille Basalt is younger by an unknown amount of time QT~- Volcanic rocks, undivided (~uaternaryand ~ertiary)

Basalt lava flow and associated vent depeaita that are thoroughly fragmented by frost action. The most widely distributed and voluminous volcanic rocks underlying most of the Lmutuk Lake lava plateau but mapped only where exposed through an otherwise 1-6 m thick mantle of windblown silt. Mostly alkali olivine basalt, lesser olivine tholaiite. Alkalic rocka contain phenocrysts of olivine with plagioclase, augite, and spinel in the groundmaas. Tholtiitic roeka contain plzlgioclase phenocryats with augite, hyperethenc, olivine, and spinel in the groundmass (Swanson and others, 1981). Includes the Imuruk Valcanics of Bopkias (1963) which are between 2 and 5 Ha (Hopkina and othera, 197 1 ; Turner and Swanson, 198 1 1. Flows of the Imuruk Valcanics were ccnf ined by modern valley systms that drained north from the Imuruk Lake area and, as a result of subsequent stream inciaion, are now found as bench remnants high on valley walls* South and east: of Imuruk Lake, older volcanic rocka are found cappf ng ridge cops. These older rocks include the Kugruk Volcanics of Hopkins (1963) which encornpaas flows dated at 26-29 Ma (Turner and Swanson, 1981). The term "Kugruk Volcanics" was abandoned by Bopkins and others (1971)

TKv - Felsic volcanf cs (Tertiary, Cretaceous)

Rubble crop of volcanic rocks along Limestone Creek in the Bendelsben D-1 quadrangle. Twa varieties of rock are present, both moderately to strongly limonite stained. 'One is a volcanic flow or tuff that contains up to 4X phenoerysts in an aphanitic, devitrfffed groundmass. The phenocrysta are predominately sanidine with rare quartz and plagioclase. No mafic minerals are present, but the morphology of rare aggregates of serfcite, opaques and limonite auggest the fonuer presence of biotite. The other rock is fragmental and contains schi~t,devitrifi ed volcanics, and angular quartz fragments Ln a felsic(?), serieite-bearing matrix. Eiay be a volcanic flow breccia or vent breccia rock.

The age of this sock is wknowu. Feleic tuffs on St. Lawrence Island have yielded a K-Ar age of 39.3 Me (Pacton and Caejtey, 1980)

Metasedimentary rocks Ddm - Dalaatoue, metalimestone and marble (Devonian)

Medium- to dark-gray-weathering , black to dark-gray dolos tone, met:alimestone and marble. Typically weathers to fiet-sized rubble; outcrops occur along rfver banks or sea cliffs. Outcrops are not foliated, but are strongly frae- tuxed, commonly bxecciafed, and may be veined with coarse-crystalline calcite or dolomite. Consists of fins-grained, mostly non-ferroaa or slightly ferroan dolomite, with subordinate fine- ta coarse-crystalline calcite. Relict sedimentary structures include zebra dolomite, fenestral fabric, and mm-scale (algal?} 1aminatioas. Thin section textures, where not obscured by recrystal~izatiw and dolomitization, show rocks consist of packetones and wackestones; clasts include pellets, crinoid ossicles, and other foasil fragments. Minor associated chert. Conodonts of Early to earliest Late Devonian age have been found in 20 localities (Tabla 2). A mgaf auna of late Early, Middle, ad early Late Devonian age consiata of tabulate and rugose corals, stromataporoids, brachiopods, and rare brpozoans. Megafauna, microfauna, and sedimentary features all indicate shallo-ater depositional conditions, Occurs east of the Derby Mountains (Bendeleben 8-1, 0-1; Solomon C-1, D-1), along the Kugruk and Burnt Rivers (BeadaLeben D-21, along the Fish River (Solomon C-3, D-31, in beach expoauses near the mouth of Koyana Creek (Solomon C-4), and as isolated hills in the Bendelsben C-6 and D-5 quadrangles. Best exposed in seaclif fs in the Solomon C-1 quadrangle, about 5 1/2 km eoutheast of Elim. Dolostone ie tbe dominant lithology in the eastern exposures; metalimestone and marble predominate in the west and central exposures. Partially equivalent to 'Ddl' of Miller and others (1972) Wbm - Black metalimestone and marble (Devonian through Ordovician)

Black to dark-gray metalimestone and marble and subordinate dolostaae exposed on rrea cliffs on Kotzsbue Sound (Kotzebue A-2 and A-3 quadrangles). Weathers gray, locally buff; commonly has fissile partings and is well layered. Layers range from 2-50 cm thick, with rhythmic alternation of thicker, eoarse- crystalline ad thinner , f ine-cry8 t alline layers. Relict sedimentary atruc- tures include graded bedding, croes-bedding, flame structure, loaded bed bottoms, channelized beds, and imbricated rip-up clasta. Two miles west of Cape Deceit, a 15-20 m thick interval of dominantly matrix-supported carbonate breccia, dth rounded and angular clasts up to 5 m in diameter occurs in the section, aa well as thinner (up to 1 m) intervala of carbonats-clast breccia. Local solution collapse features occur, aad dedolmitizaeloa tex- cures are noted in thin sectioa. Subordiuate argillitr, phyllite, and sadia- larian chert are found about a mile aud a half west of Cape Deceit; quartz- graphite schist and impure marble (containing up to 20% graphite, quartz, albite ad white mica) are ahundane in the vicinity of Toawlevif Point. Coaodonts of Middla Silurian, Late Silurian, and Silurian through Middle Devonian age have bean obtained f rm well layered matalimestom at three localities in the Kotzebue A-2 and 8-3 quadrangles (83 ADn 44, 83 ADa 75, 84 ADn 7%). Conadonts of Middle to Late Ordovician age were obtained from thinly layered "flaggyw metalimeatone exposed about a milt and a half west of Cape Deceit, and graptolites of Late Ordovician (Caradocia and Aehgillfan) age were obtained from the "flaggg" metalimestone and from asgfllite and limey argilfite at this locality (Ryhard and Paris, 1986). Well layered metalimestone containing redepoeited(?) rugose and colonial corals of Middle to Late Devonian age have been described from Willow Bay, in the Kotzebue A-1 quadrangle; these rocks may be a part of the Wbm package (T. Ryherd, written camunicatlon, 1985).

Two small gsbbroic plugs, Intruded Into rocka of this unit, are found west of Cape Deceit, They show relict ophitic textusas and are partially recrystallized to a low-grade matemorphic assemblage of actinolitt , epidote, and garnet.

The carbonate rocka of Wbm have been iatepreted to be carbonate turbidites and debris flows which brought material derived from platform carbonates into a elope and baainal depositional setting (Dumovlin and Till, 1985; Ryherd and Paris, 1985, 1986). The rocks may correlate, at least in part, with Mbm, and axe inrercalat ed with, and possibly facies equivalents of DCks. Partially equivalent to 'Ffl?', 'pelt and 'Pzm' of Hudson (1977) Mbm - Black marble (Devonian through Cambrian) Black to dark gray marble and subordinate fissile impure marble, calcaraous schist and mafic schist. %st exposed in sea cliffs on Norton Bay (Solomon C- 1 and Norton Bay C-6 quadrangles); also forms rubble covered hill@ inlaad. Marble in layers of 1-20 cm, with rhythmic alternation of purer, coatse- crystalline and more impure, fine crystalline layers. Common maf ic dikes, sills, and plugs, intrusive into the carbonate rocks, are one-half to two meters across, and weather light green. Contact metamorphic affects presented include bleached carbonate rocks and albite-, chlorite-, epidote- and tour- malfne-bearing skam assemblages. The mafic rock themselves are composed of finemgrained chlorite, actidolice, elblte, and white mica; glaucophant inclusions are feud in the albite. At two localitic~,mafic minerals farm layers and are disseminated in the fine crystalline carbonate rock. Some mafic volcanism may have accompanied deposition of the carbonate; all of the mafic volcanics were affected by regional metamorphism along with the carbonate rocks. The marble protolith may ba carbonate turbidites ad periplarfarm ooze; unit may represent: a mote deformed equivalent of Wbm, Intercalated with and possibly facies equivalent of Eks. Seven conodont faunas were obrai-ned fxom six localities in Nbm. Two faunas are of probable Middle to Late Silurian age (84 ADn SH, 85 Ah 2B), one is middle Early Devonian (84 ATI 23) and one is Late Silurian to Early Devonian (84 ADn 31). Two faunas from westernmnat exposures of DCh are considerably older: one is: middle Early through Late Ordovician (64 ATI 1521, the' other is Early Cambrian C 84 ATI 57). There is thus a gap of over 100 millinn years between the oldest and youngest faunas obtained from this unftr At least three explmatfona could be invoked for thia faunal distribution. If all conodont celleetioas sepreaent depositional ages, the unit may represent two episodes of deposition 05 lithologically similar material-one of Early Cambrian age, one of Late Ordwicfan- Early Devonian age, separated by a long interval of uon-depoaitfon. Or, deposition may have extended more or less continuously from Cambrian to De- vonian time-present fossil collectioas from Ebm are few and future collections may eliminate the apparent hiatus. Alternately, some or all of the conodont collectionr could be reworked, and the depositional. age of the entire unit could be Late Silurian-Early Devonian or younger. In this case, the western faunas would represent material eroded from an older (Cambrian and Otdovician) carbonate platform source; the eastern fauna eould rcpresant erosion from a younger aource or faunas contemporaneous with depoaitlon. Partially equivalent to 'Dld' of Miller and others, 1972 D€b - Calc-schtst {Devonian through Cambrian) Forms Sullivan Bluffs on Kotzebue Sound (Kotzebua 8-3 quad), Mr. Kwiniuk in the eaatern Solomon quad, and beach cliff exposures in that vicinity. The calrschise: is mediumcgtained, contains quartz, calcite, white mica, chlorite, albite and graphite and shows relict sedimentary cross-bedding and graded bedding. 1s apparently iaterlaycted with DObm and Dfrbm; possibly i~ faciaa- equivalent. Coatafng abundant disseminated pyrite where exposed on Kotzebue Sound Sd - Dolostone (Silurian) Fems s rubble-covered hill in the southeast: quarter of the Bendeleben A-1 quadrangle, east of the Tubutulik River and north of Lost Creek. Mminant lithology is light-gray weathering, light- eo dark-gray fine-grained dolostone; associated lfthologies are black dolostone end black marble. The light-gray dehstone yielded n Middle-Late Silurian conodent fauna (83 ADn 27); the conodont epeciea aseoclation indicarea a shallow, warm-water depositional environment. Sweral other lithologically similar dolostones in the southeast Bendeleben and northeast Solomon quadrangles contain Silurian-Early DQYU~~~conodonts . Theee occurrences are presently mapped as Pzd but may, at least in part, belong ta Sd W - Dolastone (Ordovician)

Pi,&- to light-gray to tan-weathering, gray to tan dolostone. Forms rubble crop in tundra, and local cliffs along rivet banks. Consists of fine-grained, mostly nun-f erroan dolomite* Relict sedimentary features include: diatinct colar-mbttling, reflecting an original, thoroughly bioturba ted fabric; zebra dolomite, suggestive of evaporitic supratidal conditians; fenestral fabric, which generally occurs in tidal flat or shallow sabtidal enviroamedts; and probable oncolites, which also indtcate a shallomater depositional environment. Conodont faunas have beea obtained frsm eleven Localities in this unit. Three distinct ages are represented: middle to late Early.Ordovtcian (83 AC1 94, 83 ACI 114, 82 Ah 69, 83 ADn 29A), early Hiddle Okdovieian (82 ADu 711, and middle Mlddle Ordovicf an (84 ADn 80AE. Most af the assemblages represent shallow, to very shallow wamwater biofacies af the North America MZdcontinent faunal suctession~ A single collection of poorly preserved corals has been obtained from this dt 168 ASa 1301, Beet exposures are on the earrt fork of the Burnt: fiver and eaa bank of the Kugruk' River in the Bendeleben D-2 quadrangle. Also exposed near the Tubutulik River (Bendeleben A-I), near American Creek (Soloboa D-5) and east of Serpentine Hot Springs (Bendeleben b5, C-5) Oim - Impure chlorite marble (~rdovician)

The unit underlies raunded, buff- to orangeueathetlng hills and is found in great abundance in Solomon quadrangle in the vichity af the Fish and Bonanza Rlvers. The unit crops out poorly; rare outcrops show well-foliated impure! marble to calc-schist. Impurities ere most colm~enly chlorite and albite. Lenses up to a meter rcfoss and fine layers of chlorite and albite are diag- noatic of the unit, and trace foliation and folds. Chlorite-albite lensas and Layers are more abundant: near the base of the unit. Locally poda of fine- grakned metabasire are found, also more common at the base of the unit. These pods are distinct from the bulk of mefabasite poda in the Casadepaga sehiat in their general lack of appreciable garnet and sphene, co-n in the Casadepaga rocks. The pods can be rcerrgnized In the fhld a piles of massive medium- gray rubble several meters across. In rare instances the unit may fnelude pure marble er oranglereathering dark-gray dolastone. The unit is a minimum of 1.2 km chick. Conadoats of Early through Middle Ordovician age have beea obtained from a doloarone lens in the upper part of the unit in the Solomon D- 6 quadrangle (84 ATF 281). Excellent exposures of the unf t can be found in the central Soloraon 1)-6 quadrangle, on hill 1672 on the ridge between the Casadapaga and Bonsnza Rivers. Equivalent to 'pCamV of Miller and other8 (1972) and 'pCl' of Sainsbury (19741 Ocs - Casadepaga schist (~rdovicisn)

Foms rounded hills of frost-riven light-green and greenish-brown mafic schist, locally punctuated by dark greenish-black torrs and rubble piles several metere acroas. The schis~sare of varioua quartz-poor lithologies, the torrs are metabasite. Lithologies are dominated by components of msfic and calcareoue composition. Chlorite-albite schist, mafic schist, ehloritc- albite-epidote-whlts mica schiat, chloritoid-glaucophane metapelite, and calc- schist axe common. Lirhologies are fntelayered on a acale of tens-of centi- meters; the layering may occur in repetitive couplets. The schists fona rare, poor to good outcrops on ridgetops. Boudina, lenses and layers of fine- to coarse-grained, massive metabaalte comprise the greenish-black torra of the unit. In thin secEfon these rocks are found to be composed of glautophane, aetinalita, chlorite, epidote, garnet, albite, white mica, sphene, and locally quartz, fe-carbonate, pyroxene, and barroiaite. Moat of these metabasites are appreciably enriched in iron and titanium. A smeller percentage of the maa- sive metabasite pods are garnet- and sphene-poor, and light to medium green on fresh surfaces. Mafic schiat layers in the surrounding rocks have mineral assemblages similar to both kinds of metabasit9 pods. The metabasite torrs, common albite porphyroblasts in dark-green, chlorite-rich rehist, and quartz- poor nature of the rocks are characteristic of this unit. The unit is 0.6 to 1.6 km thick. The unit is best exposed in southeaseern Solomon D-5 quadrangle, north of the Nome-Council, road on the ridge north and northwest of Rorton Creek; in the central part of the Solomon D-5 quadrangle at the headwaters ef Alma and Venture Creeks; and in east-central Solomon D-6 quadrangle on the ridgeline between Eldorado and.Nelson Creeks, including hills 2144 and 2067. No fossils have been found in the Caeadspsga Schist, but its age is constrained by its stratigraphic position between the Mixed unit (OCx) and the Impure chlorite marble (Oh), both of which contain Ordovician conodonts. In the vicinity of Wwalik Mountain, it is intruded by a granitic orthogneiss Dg of middle Devonian age. First described by Smith (1910). Partfally equivalent to the 'alate of the. York region' of Sainsbury (13741, and 'pCqmaa of Mfller and others (1972)

OCx - Mixed unit (Ordovfcf an, Cambrf aa) Interlayered pure and impure marble, quartz-graphite schist, pelite, calc- schist, and mafic echist. Marble, gray and orangs weathering, and dark gray- black weathering quartz-graphite schfet are the moat common lfthologies in the unit, which map be dominated locally by one or the other. The unit is further defined by Its poeition stratigraphically between the underlying pelitic SoLomon Sthist and overlying Casadeprrgs schist* Good exposures are rare. Minor lithologies generally do not crop out; grayweathering pure marble forms rounded ridgelines which may stretch along strike for several miles, and rounded hills of slabby, black quartz-graphite schiet can be recognized from great distances. Internal rtratigraphy is not consistent; lithologies thicken and thin along atrike on a eeale of kilometers, a feature which may be depo- sitronal as well ~EI structural. Although most lithologies in this unit occur in others, the quartz-graphite schist is known only in this unit. The quarrz- graphite schist is generally uniform, dark-gray or black, and compositionally limited to quartz, graphite, and small amounts of white mica, albite and chlorite. Graphite may comprise more than 50% of the rock, and may rub off on the hands. Locally a centimeter-thick banding of dark gray-black quartz- graphite s.chist and gray-black quartz-grapbi te-calcite schist are found . The uppewat lithology in the unit is cornonly an orange weathering chlorite marble which forms stepped outcrope. Boudins of glaucophane-, epfdote-, and garnet-bearing metsbasite, similar to those found in the Casadepaga schist, are present locally at the top of the unit These budins are most common south of Salmon Lake in the northeast Solomon quadrangle. Thickness variable from 0.8 to 1.5 km. Age range of the unit not strictly kriowa. Conodonts of Ordovician age were obtained Eram relatively pure marblm in the upper part of the unit (sample 84 Ah 752). Recrystallized radiolaria collected in the northern Darby Mountains in banded calcite-bearing quartz-graphite schist ate of probable pre-Devonian age (a. K. Holdsworth , writ:ten comunication, 1985). Partially includes 'pCsl and 'slate of the Yotk regionhf faiinbury (1974). Bsst exposed in the eastern Solomon D-5 unit on the ridge to the northwest of upper Birch and Auburn Creeks, and %n east-central Solomon D-6 quadrangle on the rldgetop just south of Nelson Creek

€p€s - Solomon schist (Cambrian, Precambrian) Tors of resistant, well. foliated quartz-rich schist. Pelitic rocb are the dominant lithology in the unit, with lesser calc-schist aud locally marble present. Outcrop appearance of the pelitic schist is diagnostic a£ the unit, and shows 1-2 cm-thick bands of quartz interlayered with micaceous mineral8 . In thin section, major minerals include quartr , muracoyite , chlor5te, chlori- told, and locally graphite, glaueophane and garnet. Quartz layers parallel foliation and trace isaclinal and chevron-style folds axkl planar to the foliation. Minor lithalogic variation may occur m outcrop scale, cornonly of calc-schist and,quarfz-rkh schist. Typical acltckops a£ the pelite occur In the northeast Solomon D-5 quadrangle, along the ridgeline south of the Bermudez Bluff to the headwaters of Camp Creek. The torrs on Monument Pioun- tain, in the Bendeleben C-1 quad, also are composed of this unit, Calcareous achist may occupy expanses mappable at 1:63,360, as is the case in the central Solomon Z)-5 quad, Large marble and dolostone bodies, alsd mappable at 1 :63,360, are found in the northern Solomon D-5 quad. These bodies may have depositional or structural relationships to the surrounding pelitic schiat. Base dot exposed; minimum 1.2 km thick. The age of the unit: is not strictly known. No fossils have been callected from lithologies with demonstrably depoaitLona1 relationships to the pelice. May have undergone one more period of deformation than the overlying schist (Gardner and Budson, 1984). First described by Smith (1910). Equivalent to 'pest' of Sainsbury (1974) €d - Doloetona (Cambrian)

Forma several small knobs la the Solomon D-5 and b6 quadrangles southwest of heriean Creek and north of Auburn Creek. Major lithology is light- or medium-gray to pinkish-orange dolostone vhkh weathers gray to orange and forms hilltop rubble patches and eubcrop. The dolastone is non-ferroan to moderately ferroan and locally contains a few percent quartz and whits mica. Structurally underlying this dolostone is a section of schist and marble several tens of meters thick. The upper third of this section consists of quartz-white mica schist and chloritic marble; the lower two thirda is mcstlg marble containing abut 10% quartz, white mica and chlorita. The arange- weathering dolontone contains lapworthellids (84 ADn 108D), a phosphatic microfossil indicative of Early (to possible early Middle) Cambrian age and a shallo~watardepositional environment Pzim - Impure marble (Paleozoic) This impure marble forms low rolling buff- to orange-colored hills in the central and western Bendeleban quad. Forms rare poor outcrops, which charac- teristically show foliarfon dafind by orientation of white mica or chlorite. Albite, quartz and graphite are also common impurities. Age unknown. Very ILkely in part equivalent to or facias equivalent of impure chlorite marble (Oim)

Pzwm - Wte marble (Paleozoic)

Medium- to coarse-crystallina, white to very light gray marble, which contains up to 20-25% orange-tau fetruginous material in amorphous blebs and stringers up to 10 X 20 cm In diameter. Locally fsoclinal~y folded and intensely brec- ciated. Spatially associated with IWm; cross-cut by metautorphoaed mafic dikes now composed of chlorite, actiolite, and albite with glaucophanc indlu- sioas. May aasentially ba sublet of Pzm. No fossils have been obtained from this unit

Pm - Marble, undivided (Paleozoic)

Generally light-gray-weatheriag, white to mediu~gray, medium to coarsely crystalline marble, Fom rubble-covered hills and small outcrops. Dominant- ly pure, but contains up to 10% quartz, white mica and albite locally. Rela- tionship to metamorphic stratigraphy unknown. May include rock of several different ages; parts, at least, probably correlative with Ildm but lack faunal or sedimenfologic evfdence diagnostic of that un;lt. In the Benddeben C-6 and Solonton D-5 quadrangles, 5 localities contain poorly preserved stromatoporoids and colonial and rugose corals of Silurian to Devoaiaa age; 3 localities contain conodoats of Ordovtcian to Devonian ox Silurian to Devonian age. Occurrences which have yielded no fossils are assumed to be Paleozcic due to physical proximity to knom Paleozoic carbonates

Pzd - Dolostoae, undivided [Paleozoic)

Generally light-colored, fine-grained featureless dolostone which form rubble-covered s Probably includes roch of several diff ereat ages. Silurian to Devonian and Ordovician to Devonian conodont f aunaa have been obtained from four localities* Occurrences which have yielded r10 fossils are assumed to be Paleozoic due to proximity to known Paleozoic carbonates.

Rocks presently mapped as Pzd at Cape Deceit in the Kotzebue A-2 quadrangle may belong to the Wh package (Ryherd and Paris, 1985, 1986). Pzd may also include rdcka correlative with Od, Sd, and/or Ddm but which do not now contain sedimentologie or faunal evldanca that allow aasigrtmant to one of these units Metaigneous rocks

Dg - Granitic orthogneiss (Devonian)

Forms the rounded, frost-riven slopes of Kiwalik Mountain. Fine-grained, very light gray to orange-weathering, well foliated white to light tan schist of granitic to tonalitic composition. Commonly forms weathered boulders 0.5-1 m across. Crops out rarely; where foliation can be measured, it is parallel to the foliation in the surrounding schist. Contact crosses lithologic layering in surrounding schist. Layers and boudins of the orthogneiss which have chilled margins are commonly found in country rock close to the contact. Quartz, albite, k-feldspar, and white mica are the most common constituents. Accessory minerals include biotite, epidote, fluorite, magnetite and calcite. U-Pb zircon age of 381 f2 Ma (John Aleinikoff, written communication, 1983)

Pzg - Granitic orthogneiss (~aleozoic)

Rubble crop and outcrop of metagranitic rocks, intrusive into the protolith of the Nome Group. Composition varies within expanses mapped. Rubble crop only north of Serpentine Hot Springs; rubble crop and outcrop at Cape Nome. Out- crop at Cape Nome may include metasedirneatary or metavolcanic rocks as well

PzpCf - Felsic schist (~aleozoic,Precambrian)

Light orange to light green weathering fine to coarse-grained quartz-feldspar- white mica schist. Present on the southwest flank of Kiwalik Mountain and in stream gravel at the confluence of Independence Creek with the Kugruk River. Rarely accessory black tourmaline is found lying in plane of foliation. Stream gravels include apparently meta-clastic rock which has the appearance of a flattened matrix-supported conglomerate or fragmental volcanic, composed of clasts and matrix of the minerals listed above. Clasts show greatly varying grain size and internal textures. The contact between this lithology and the lithologies of the Nome Group may be a fault

HIGH GRADE ROCRS OF THE KIGZUAIK, BENDEXJIBEN AND DARBY RANGES

Oimh - Impure marble (~rdovician)

Orange weathering, well-foliated marble with biotite andlor chlorite defining foliation. Lenses of biotite, plagioclase, epidote, actinolite and chlorite occur locally. Upgraded equivalent of Oim. Best exposed in the northern Darby Mountains in the vicinity of the north fork of Omilak Creek. May be present in Bendeleben Range Ocsh - Calcareous and mafic schist (Ordovician) Brown to green weathering schist composed of a variety of quartz-poor lithologies, commonly including a mixture of mafic and calcareous minerals. Epidote, plagioclase, hornblende, calcite, and biotite are major minerals. Rocks may be color-banded in outcrop, showing brown biotite-rich layers and green hornblende and epidore-rich layers. Light-brown, massive schist composed of plagioclase porphyroblasts, biotite, and minor white mica may be a dominant lf thology locally. Amphibolite, minor pelite, marble, and rare ' laye,ss of orthosmphibofe-cordierlte schist also occur. Thought to be the upgraded equivalent of Ocs. Mapped in the Bendeleben and Darby Mountains ; probably present in the Kigluaik Mountains OCxh - Interlayered marble and quartz-graphite schist (Ordovician, Cambrian)

Light gray and dark gray to black layers of marble and quartz-graphite schist with minor interlayers of pelice, mafic schist, and calc-schist also present. Marble and quartz-graphite schist occur in layers tens af meters thick. Thought to be upgraded equivalent 05 OCx. Mapped in the Bendeleben Mountains ; probably present in the Wgluaf k and Darby Mountaf ns

CpCsh - Pblitic schist (Cambrian, Precambrian) Tors and ragged ridgelines characterize areas underlain by schist and gneiss of predominantly pelitfc composition. Rock is dark brown to brownish-gray in outcrop, with bends and lenses of quartz up to 1-2 cm thick parallel foliation. Quartz bands trace folds with axial planes parallel to the foliation. Coarse pink garnets, 1-2 em across, may be present. Pelftic minerals include biotite, garnet, kyanite, sillimanire, andalusite, staurolite, k muscovite and k-feldspar. Rare cordieritc. Metamorphic assemblages record at least two metamorphic events, high-pressure assemblages are overprinted by low-pressure minerals. Thought to be upgraded equivalent of the Solomon schist (CpCs)

PzpCh - High-grade schist, undivided (Precambrian to Mesozoic) Metasedimmtary and metaigneous schist and gneiss abave blotfee grade. In- cludes a variety of llthologies similar to those described in the units abave. Contains areas in which above units COim, Ocsh, OCxh, Cp~sh)probably can be mapped PzpCm - Mgh-grade marble, undivided (Precambrian to Mesozoic) Generally lfght-gray weatheffdg coarse-grained pure and impure marble, inter layered with units (~zp~h,Olmh, Ocsh) described above. Eomrnonly massive, although meter-thick layers may be separated by thin layers of impurities or finer grained material. Minerals found in the marble include: calcite, dolomite, phlogopfte, tremolite, quartz, scapolite, diopside, and graphite

PzpCg - Migmaticc (Precambrian to Mesozoic)

Rocks silmilar to high-grade metamorphic units (Pzp~h, Ocsh, OCxh, CpCsh, PzpCm) discussed above intimately fntermixed on a scale of meters to tens of meters with and locally partially assimilated by granitic rock. Schist and gneiss upper amphibolkte facles in grade; pelitic rocks generally contain assemblages above the secodd ~Sllimauite isagrad. Best exposed on Cape Darby. Also present around the Bendeleben pluton {Kb) and Kuaitrirl pluton (as) in the Beudeieben Mountains

PzpCs - Metasediments (Precambrian ta Mesozoic) Amphibolfte facies metaaediments found on the northwest contact of the Oonatut Granite and in a septum crossing the Windy Creek pluton PzpCa - Amphibalire (Precambrian to Me~ozoic) Rare rubble crop in the western Bendeleben Mountains of garnet amphibolite . Garnet surrounded by halo of symplektic intergrawzh of feldspar and amphibole. Some pyroxene present relict from previous metamorphic event or igneous protolith

PzpCo - Orthogneiss (Precambrian to Mesozoic)

Light gray weathering fine- to medium-grained orthogneiss of the Kigluailc Hountaine containing quartz, feldspar, white mica, biotite, f garnet

EOCES OF TBS XaCRUK FAULT ZOFI& TK9 - Sandstone (Tertiary, Cretaceow)

Tan to light-gray siltatone, sandstone, and pebbly sandetone. Tgpicslly forms rubble-covered hills in the Bendeleben C-2 and A-l quadrangles; best sxpoaures are river-cliff outcrops along the lower reaches of Spruce Creek (Bendeleben C-2). Friable to well-indurated, calcite cement. Beds are 5 to 60 cm thick; sedimentary structures include graded bedding, channels, small scale ripples and cross-beds. Fine-grained layers are locally rich in carbonaceous plant debris. Locally coal seams are wall developed. Poor to moderately well sorted, angular to rounded grains. Clast lithologies include: marble, dolostone, plagioclase, mono- and polycrystalline quartz, volca~fc lithics (with felsitic and lathwork textures), blueschist faeies metabasite, radiolarlan chert, phyllite, quartz-miqa schist, and mphibolite; carbonate claats predominate at most localities. Clasts $re derived from adjacent metamorphic rocks, but unit is strongly deformed (outcrops on Spruce Creek show vertical beds and are intruded by aills [Tm] of probable Tertiary or Cretaceous age). Two pollen collectloas have been obtained from thia unit (61 APa 41 and 42); one is of Cretaceous age, the other of Tertiary (Eocene to early Miocene?) age. Equivalent in part to 'Kss', 'Us', and 'TKsf of Sainsbury (1974) TKc - Carbonate conglomerate! (Tertiary, Cretaceous) Light-graymathering conglomerate composed predomfnantlp of marble, meta- limestdae and dolostone clnrts. Minor associatd sandstone and pebbly sandstone. Occurs as scattered outcrops east of the Darby Mountains (Bendeleben A-I, C-2; Solomon D-1; Norton Bay D-6). Forms rounded knobs up to 25 high and more sxtoosfve area8 of rubble crop. Bedding rarely discerned, but local sandy fntarbads and crude grading present* Very poorly sorted, with a matrix of calcite cement and carbonate sand. Cobbles rounded and sub-rounded; larg- est cobble ae a given outcrop ranges from 52 to 72 cm in diameter. Baaed on pebble couata, carbonate clast content ranges from a high of 98% in the Bande- leben A-l quadrangle to a low of 81Z in the Bedeleban C-2 quadrangle. Marble and metallmeatoneldolo8tone ratios ara variable, and range from 3:1 in the Beridelaben 6-2 quadrangle to 1:2 in the Bendeleben A-1 quadrangle. Non-car- banate clarta include chert, mono- and polycrystalline quartz, quartz-mica schist, chlorite schist, and varioua greenstone llchologies, most commonly derived from the adjacent myloaitic matabasite. Two small outcrops of mafic clast conglomerate underlie carbonate conglomerate in the Bendeleben C-2 quadrangle. Sorting is poor; clasts are rounded to angular and range up to 30 cm in diameter. Dominant clast lithologies are metavolcauic lithics (some containing blue amphibole); lesser lithologies include radiolarian chert, marble, quartz, and quartz-mica schist.

No fossils that pertain to depositional age of TKc have been obtained. The unit is deformed (vertical beds observed locally) but unmetamorphosed. Infor- matfon is available on age of the source material. Carbonate clasts from sfx Localities yielded 21 conodont collections. Ages of specific clasts include Middle to Late Ordovician, Early to Middle Silurian, Late Silurian and Early Devonian.

Depositional environment: for TKc may have been a series of amall alluvial Taus. Equivalent to 'Klcg' of Sainsbury (1974) and 'Kc' of Miller and others (1972)

MzPzm - Hylonicic metabasite (Mesozoic, Paleozoic)

Rubble fields and poor outcrops of fine-grained, medtum bluish-gray matabasite, comuonly with well-developed foliation. Locally the foliation is even, laminar, and imparts a mm-scale color banding. In thin section rounded clinopyraxene grains are found in a finely foliated matrix of chlorite, ac- tinolfts, albite, & crossite, lausoaite, ppellyite, and epidote. Actinolite and eptdote are more common in rocks found in the southern exposures of the unit, lawsomite and crossite in the northern. Rare samples retain gabbroic textures, and are mediwgsained. Associated with serpentinite (MzPzs) at one locality. Equfvalent of Pmv of Miller and others (1972) and Jv of Sainsbusy (1974) MzPzb - Metabasaltic rocks (Mesozoic, Paleozoic)

Rubble crop and rare outcrops of dark green, dark red and dark gray vesicular basalr and basaltic pyraclastic rocb metamorphosed to lower greenschist f acies, Primary textures recognizable in outcrop and thin section. Epidote , pumpellyite , and chlorl t e common; relict plagtoclase present mPes - Serpentinite (Mesozoic, Paleozoic) Rubble crop of light-green weathering dark greenish-black serpentinite. Found in two mappable lenses ia the eastern Solomon quadrangle and in smaller bodies, up to 30 meters across, in beach cliffs on Kotzebue Sound. Southern lens is the largeat rand i.8 clasely assacia~ed with outcrops of the mplonific metabasite (MzPern} HzPzt - Spruce Creek tonalite (Mesozoic, Paleoeoic) Scattered float and rubble along the middle to upper portions of Spruce Creek in the Bnndeleben B-2 and B-3 quadrangles, Wght tan to white weathering toaalite. Alkali feldspar la absent. Hornblende is preserved only in the northernmost expoaurea cf the stock, along the wear: bank of Spruce Creek. Elsewhere, no primary mafic minerals are preaaat; hornblende is altered EO mixtures of chlorfre, opaque minerals and epfdora. Au odd textural variety of the stock was found in one locality. Appr6x2matelp 7OX of thia rock coneists of concentrically radiating, spherulite-like intergrowtho of plagfaclaae and quartz, often surrounding cores or nucleus grains of quartz or plagioclase. These intergrowths range from 0.7 to 1.7 nrm in diameter end ere not readily apparent in hand aamples. The significance of this texture is not known* Several small expoourer of an intrusive similar to the Spruce Creek stock occur along an unnamed stream that: flows into the Kugruk River in the northwest corner of the Bendeleben C-l quadrangle. Alkalf feldspar is absent, and amphibole ir eompletoly altered to a mixture of chlorite, epidote and opaque minerals in most exposures

Ta - Quartz latite (Tertiary)

Wght tau to orange-weathering , el tered , porphyritic dikes, sills and small plug8 of uncertain age and composition. Mapped in the Bendeleben Plountaine in the Bendaleben A-4 quadrangle. Approximately quartz latits in composition - may include cocks of rhyolitic to andasitic composition. May be, in part, equivalent to Kg1 (quartz latite porphyry) and Rhi (hypabyssal Intrusive socks) mapped by Miller and others (1972). Equivalent to "rhyolites of the western Bandalebea Mountains" of Turner and Swanson (1981). Whale rock K-Ar analyses of these altered rocks yielded late Cretaceous ages (Turner and Swanson, 1981) siailar to tin granites of central and western Seward Peninsula (see Ounatut Granite). Textures in these dikes, sills and plugs indicate eryatallization at shallower levels than the tin granites. However, active faults and Tertiary basins bounding the Beadeleben Mountains indicate that the country rocks to these felsites ware at deeper crustal levela than the country rocks to the tin granites in late Cretaceous time. Intermediate to Eelsic dikes which crosscut Tertiary maf ic dikes in the southern Darby Mountains- are included in this unit due to their apparent youth rather t ha their compoai- tional similarity to the altered bodies in the Bendeleben Mountains Tm - Mafic dikes (Tertiary)

Undifferentiated mafic dfkes and sills mapped in the Solomon C-4, D-1, 0-4 and Beadaleben A4, 8-3, and C-2 quadrangles and noted in the Bendeleben and KigLuaik Mountains. Approximately basaltic to andesitlc in composition. May be related to Tertiary volcanic activity; intrude 82 Ma Bendeleben pluton. May h, in part, equivalent to the lamprophyre dikes noted by Miller and others (19723 as intrusive into the Kachauik and Darby plutons

Kog - Oonatut Granite Complex (Late Cretaceous) Pinnacle outcrops, ntbble, and float exposed around Serpentine Hot Springs in the Bendelaben D-5 and D-6 quadrangles. Locally cut by the headwaters of Hot Spring Creek and the Fish Bivar. Predominantly monzogranite with leseer ayenogranite. K-Ar ages of 69.2k2 and 71.2f2 were obtained from biotite from semiporphyritic and porphyritic phases respectively {Hudson, 1979). Eastern- moat of the tin granf tes on the Seward Peninsula. Placer dapoaits of gold and cassiterite occur in streams draining portions of the granite. Mineralized dfkes, veins, gossans, and soils are present: imediately east of the pluton in the metamorphic country rocks. These appear to be fault localized occur- reacts, and contain anomalous amounts of Ag, As, Au, Cu, Bg, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn (Hudson, 1979) ~p - Pargon pluton ICretaceous)

Frost-riven rubble, talus, and rare outcrop8 exposed on ridge~ above the Pargon River in the Bandeleben A-4 quadrangle. Granodiorite and quartz monzonite art tha dominant lithologies and appear to grade into each other. Lac& the migmatite zones common around the Bendeleben and Kuzi trin plutons . Assumed to be Cretaceous in age because of similarities to other intrusives of the Seward Peninnula Kb - Bendeleben pluton (Cretaceous)

Outcrop, talua, rubble, and some cirque headwall exposures in the eastern Bendeleben Mountains in the Bendtleben A-2, A-3, B-2 and B-3 quadrangles. Monzogranite to quarts monzodiorita; the contacts between quartz-rich and quartz-poor phases appear sharp, but were not Seen in outcrop. Znclusiions of plagioclasa-biotite-pyroxene-quartz schist are locally common, and spectacular exposurea of large inclusions or blocks of schist are present on the northeast side of the ridge in section 7, township 3 south, range 19 west (Bedeleben A- 2 quadraugle). Varying degrees of assimilation of this schist may account for the mineralogical and PithologXeal variariona observed in the pluton. The contact of the plutoa with the surrounding metamorphLc rocka is not sharp; beyond the main body of the pluton is a migmatite zone (Pzpdg) of mixed metamorphic and granitic rocks. The percentage of granitfc rocla in this zone decreases with distance from the main body of the pluton. A K-Ar date of 81.lf2 was obtained by Miller and Bunker (1976) Kkz - Kuxitrin plueon (Cretaceous)

Exposed in the Bendeleben B-2, B-3 and C-3 quadrangles. Primarily tslua and frost-rfven rubble on the north flank of the Bandeleben Mountains and several small rubble fields in the southernmost Imuruk Lake basin. Predominantly mnzogrartite. The southern contact of the granite is not sharp. Surrounding the plutoa is a migmatite zone (PzpCg) af mixed granitic and metamorphic rock rubble. Thfa zone extends at least 2 kn from the main body of the plutan, and the percentage of granitic rock decreases with distance from the pluton. This migmatite zone allso surrounds the Bendeltbea pluton, and is present throughout much of the eastern Bendeleben Mountains. The bzitrin and Bendeleben plutons have similar chemistry, mineralogy, and agea, and may be comagmatic intxu- sfves. A sample from Sturgeon Ridge in the Bendeleben 3-3 quadrangle has yielded an age of 83.0f1.4 Ma. Ropkina (1963) correlated the Kuzitrin pluton vith a belt of iatrusivrs that extend 32 km north of the plucon including the Nimrod Kill, Virginia Butte, and Croesfox Butte stocks. Based on differences in lithologies, chemistry and agea, this correlation is not adopted hers 3acu - Kugruk pluton (Cretaceous)

Frost-riven rubble in the northeast comer of the Bendsleben C-2 quadrangle. Quarts moatonita to quartz monmodforite. Grera porphyritic roeka of approximately dioritie composition arc present at the eastern margin of the pluton and may be a border phase. Aeromagnaticr suggest that: the pluton is larger than mapped. The age of the pluton is 94.9f2.9 Ma (T. PI Miller, oral carnun-, 1984) Kae - Asses Ears stock (Cretaceous)

Frost-riven outcrops, rubble fields and float around Asses Ears in the Bende- leben C-3 and D-3 quadrangles. Monzogranite to syenogranite. Strikingly porphyritic with alkali feldspar phenocrysts 2 to 4 cm long Kcb - Crossfox Butte stock (Cretaceous)

Frost-riven rubble 1 km south of Crossfox Butte in the Bendeleben D-3 quadrangle. Monzogranite to quartz monzonite. One piece of a leucocratic syenite was found which contains several percent purple fluorite, muscovite, and minor scheelite. Country rock rubble around the stock consists of hornfelsed marble and calc-silicate rocks. The calc-silicate hornfels locally contains minor scheelite. Called the American Creek granite by Herreid (1966)

Kvb - Virginia Butte stock (Cretaceous) Scattered rubble fields and frost-riven outcrops south and east of Virginia r Butte in the Bendeleben C-3 quadrangle. Quartz monzonite to syenite. A I sample from the south flank of Virginia B,utte yielded a date of 94.8f1.9 Ma i

Knh - Nimrod Hill stock (Cretaceous) I ! Scattered rubble fields surrounded by tundra on Nimrod Hill in the Bendeleben C-3 quadrangle. The map pattern delineates the extent of float and rubble fields. Monzonite. Several blocks of a biotite-rich diorite were found near the southern portion of Nimrod Hill. Aeromagnetics suggest the stock extends to the west under Imuruk Lake and also suggests a possible connection with the Virginia Butte and Asses Ears stocks to the north. Assumed to be Cretaceous due to similarities to the Virginia Butte stock

Kd - Darby pluton (cretaceous)

Elongate pluton 80 km long and 3 to 8 km wide, oriented N18E. Mapped in the Solomon B-2, C-1, C-2, D-1 and Bendeleben A-1 quadrangles. Outcrops are common in the northern part of the pluton; frost-riven rubble predominates elsewhere. Mostly monzogranite, locally granodiorite. Characterized by phenocrysts of alkali feldspar up to 5 cm long. Some gradual zonation of mineralogy: hornblende content decreases slightly to the north; and plagioclase content decreases slightly to the north with a corresponding increase in alkali feldspar and quartz contents. Locally cut by aplire dikes and lamprophyre dikes. Rounded or ellipsoidal inclusions of a mafic igneous rock are common. K-Ar ages range from 90.5f1.5 to 96.4f3 Ma (Miller and Bunker, 1976) Kwc - Windy Creek pluton (Cretaceous) ! Talus and frost-riven rubble at the north end of the Darby Mountains in the Bendeleben A-1 and A-2 quadrangles. Quartz monzonite. Locally cut by biotite granodiorite dikes. Miller and others (1971) found boulders of nepheline syenite in streams draining the east side of the pluton. Thought to be mid- Cretaceous based on similarities to the Granite Mountain pluton and other granitic rocks to the east (Miller and others, 1971). Blocks or roof pendants of metamorphic rocks are locally common, especially in the western portion of the pluton. A large block of marble, schist and calc-silicate hornfels is contained within the eartern portion of the pluton. Portions of the pluton are altered and veined. Alteration consists of limonite staining, weak to strong ssricitization of plsgioclase, and variable ehloritization and serici- tization of hornblende* Two types of veins are present: (1) rare piecea of quartz vein material up to 15 cm across containing aeveral percent: fluorite, 1 to 2 percent molybdenite, and galena and sphalerite; and (2) thin, momtly L3 rms but up to 1 cm, veinlets containing quartz and pyrite * fluorite, molybdenite, seheelite and minor galena and sphalerite. Although these veinlets crosscut each other, they do not constitute a stockwork system Kkd - Diorite (Cretaceous)

Hybrid diorite of the Kerchsuik pluton. Exposed in the Solomon 8-2 quadrangle. Coarse grained and characterized by abundant biotite. Kay be a border phase of the monzonite-syenite (ha) of the Kachauik pluton (Miller and others, 1972) Kkgm - Gneissic monzonite (Cretaceous) Gnaiaeic monzortite of the Kachauik pluton. Expoaed in the Solomon C-2 quadrangle. Gneissic to trachytoid texture. Hay be a burder phase of the monzonite-ayenite IKkas) of the Kachauik pluton (Miller and others, 1972) Kkg - Granodiorite (Cretaceous) Grandiorite-quartz moazonits phase of the Kachauik pluton. Frost-riven rubble, talus and outcrop in the Solomon C-2 and P2 quadrangles. Cut by aplite, quartz latite porphyry, lamprophyra and alkaline dikes (Miller and others, 1972) Khe - Monzonite-syenite (Cretaceous) Montenite-syenite phase of the Kachauik pluton. Frost-riven rubble, talus and outcrop in the Solomon 8-2, C-2 and D-2 quadrangles. Cut by aplite, quartz latite porphyry, lamprophyra, and alkaline diker . 99.9f3 Ma (~illerand others, 1972; Miller and Bunker, 1976) Kdc - Dry Canyon stock (Early Cretaceous) Frost-riven rubble in the west side of rhs Darby Mountains in Solomon D-2 quadrangle. Nepheline syenite. 108f3 Ma (Miller, 1972 1 Kad - Alkaline dikes (Cretaceous)

Frost-riven rubble in the Solomon C-2, C-3 and TJ-3 quadrangles. Intrusive into portions of the Kachauik pluton and adjacent marble. Niepheline syenite and pseudoleucite porphyry. The dikes are up to 10 m wide and have strike lengths up to 900 m, They strike mostly to the northeast and are vertical. The syenite of the gachauik pluton is highly radioactive adjacent to the dikea, containing up to 0.152 Uj0~, 1.052 Tho2 and 2% rare earth (Miller and others, 1976). 96.3f3 Ma (Berry and othera, 1976) Kpg - Pegmatite (Cretaceoue)

Dikes and sills most common in the western Bendeleben Mountains but also found in the Kigluaik and Darby Mountains. Cammealy frost-riven rubble, rare in outcrop. Alkali feldspar granite ta quartz moneodiorite. Pegmatitic poda and segregations are also common in Kgu. Not found in rocks of Lower metamorphic grade. Assumed to be Cretaceous in age Kfg - Foliated granite (Cretaceous]

Foliated lens- to sill-shaped bodie~ in the western Bendelaben Mountains in the Bendeleben 6-4, A-5 and A-6 quadrangles. Exposed in outcrop and rubble fields. Mostly leucocratic syenogranite. Foliation is defined by the parallel alignment of biotite and feldspar. Grain-size layering occur8 locally. Contacts are conformable to the foliation of the enclosing metamorphic rocks where exposed. RQC~mapped as orthogneiss (PzpCo) in the Kigluaik Mountaine may be, in part, equivalent. Assumed to be Cretaceous in age

mu - Granitic rocks, undifferentiated (Cretaceous) Undifferentiated granitic dikes, sills and small plugs. Occur mostly in the Bendeleben and Kigluaik Hountains, but also mapped elsewhere. Extremely variable accessory mineralogy. Assumed ro be Cretaceous in age APPENDIX H:

TABLE 1. HEGAFOSS IL COCLECTIOII LOCAI.: T IES FRO# THC SOLOHOH, BCRDELEBEH 1WO SWTHERII KOT ZEBUE QUAORAHME$.

F lELD HUHBER FOSSILS AGE rorir:~r~~PK LOCATION UNIT REW.RK s IUSGS COLLH, HO.1

83 ACl 96 lrbulnte corals: lrteEarlyorearlg U.A.Oliver,Jr. BendelebenA-1 Oh SeesampleB3ACI96. 4 10746-SD1 Wddle Oevonlan; 65' 05' W" Table 2, for mjcrofauna fro~r microFaunr collection 162' 06' 40' this local l ty. species}, Heliolites at this locality sp., syrf ngoporoid. yields a mote Rugose corals: restricted age of Bsevda lexus sp., earliest late &Phyllld, Early Devonl an SocJo h Ilum? rp. he st,- matoparoi ds and bryazoa.

83 ADn 25 Stromatoporoids: car1 y Late U. A. Ollver, Jr. Solnmn 0-1 W A sl lghtly alder eonodont fauna L 10745-501 Devont an (Frasnlan) 64O 49" 35' was collected at this IocaIIty-- %%%t:L;t.prol d, 162" 17' 10" see sample 83 ADn 25, Table 2, ramose form (large, no PossTbl e exgl anations for thi 5 canal 1. Tabulate corals: discrepancy are: 11 the conodonts Alveol f tes sp., are redeposited; 21 the conodont- ora sp., Favosites bearlng rocks are from a slfghtly %%-or mre spp.1. older stratjgsaphic horizon than the favosi to(d. svrinso- megafossll-bearing rocks.

corals. Phi 11 l~sas- trea? -spa,fndi teki- EE solitary? form. Brachfopods : Cal - earlyLateDevonian- J. 1.Outr0,Jr. vinar2a varlab?lSrs (Frasnianl group.

Bryoroans: trepo- PdIeozoIcl; micro- 0. L. Yarkl ins Uerldeleben A-1 'IKc Sample i5 I clast lo the cong\oer- stcmesl icopletely fauntlfrmthissamplr 65" 04' 10' ate. Hicrofossll sample 83 A3n jaH sil lcffledl. restricts the age to !62* 01' 20' (Table ti is from this same clnst. Early-Ml ddl s Devorlian. FIELD NUMBER FOSSIL5 AGE IOEWTIFIED OY (USGS COLLH. HO,)

73 IPS 54 Corals: ramose 1SllurIan or Devonian U. A. 01 lver, Jr. Bendeleben C-6 Pzm Reference: unpublished data of (9294-501 tabu1 ate corals? 65' 36' 10" U. W. Patton, Jr. Fossils Stromatoporold: 164' 38' 00" coll ec ted from stream gravel s amphiporoi d-1 l ke forms. along North Fork of Kougarok Rf ver, 73 APa 56 Corals andfor strmato- Sllurlan or Devonian Y. A. 01 fver , Jr. Bendeleben C-6 Pzm Reference: unpubl I shed data of 13284-81 poroids Clado ora 65' 33' 05" W. Y. Patton. Jr, and/or Lp* 164' 33' 40" 73 APa 79 Stmatoporof d Probably 5llurlan or Y. A. Olfver, Jr. Reference: unpubl {shed data of 4h hhfpora?) or Devonl an W. W. Patton, Jr. i6d0por.T 1.

73 APa 106 Corals: Cladopora Hiddle or Late U. A. Oliver, Jr. Reference: unpubl {shed data of (9285-SD) sp., Hexagonaria? sp, , Devonian; when W. W. Patton, Jr. A very Peneckiel la sp., combined wi th data similar Penecktel la is known Thamnopora sp. from the n1icrof05sI1 fm the Skajit? Limestone 3trnmatoparoidr: collectton here, the, In the Vestern Brooks Range Amphipora? sp. age 15 restricted to {Oliver and others, 1975). Hlddlc throuyh earl lest Hicrofossil collection 83 AOn Late Ocvonian. 5 is frm this locality {see Table 21. Collier (19081 d11d Kindle (19111 describe earlier coral collections frm fhts Iocal i ty. o-n rF 'Loom I an-w e; e * dC.0 .5 dmCI s *-n 0 - n rce-t-Y *Y - n -. DI o*. 7d5 3 * 3 $0 75s F-80

WW' 4 '4 u m C - -w m ow2 09"

G;isz;": we- er*~n cnvlrm FIELD NUMBER FOSSILS AGE IDEWT IFIEO BY LOCAT ION UNIT (USES COLLM. HO. 1

83 ATi 109C Rugose coral: phace- Paleozoic--Frasnfan? W. A, Oliver, Jr. Solomon C-4 Ddm Beach cobble near mouth of (10756-SO1 loid, dl sseplmented 64' 34' 05' Koyana creek; siailar but more type--perhaps r 163' 40' OD" poorly preserved forms are found phlll tpsastreld? in bedrock In the adjacent react iff$.

84 ATi 8 Corals: Coeni tes? Sf1url an-Devonian W.A,Olfver,Jr, SolomonC-1 Dctn Microfossil collections (10974-SD) SP*, Favosites ~p,, (probably Ludlow to 64" 34' 55" 84are ATifrom 81A this and IocalttyBA8 frasnian); mlcrofossll 162' 22 '30" data from this locality (see Table 2). restrfcts age to late Early 0evonlan ggg #a a 2 '* P -a 0 lm 3 rn *c* lorn- 3 ." m3 w #El urw -3 .4a tn ID I

!S?Z 7 QQ cOD& * r~)~rn 3-0 drr r** -a -w +I- arm C 3 FI Pl Ol Ut 7 wG ZJ 5: urn-ma-zz a ern -.. c 3- ++, 7

ZEo*V11.E*: 3 frn d--.r vl -0 a a rn --- --CI n m ~aaenrnz- ep ZS8m n5Z -w v.-o1*mfi * -m"rr5&2:$' VIWl# ,-- PlDIDfU 7 z:; To* 3 4. vl .n Y-l qu r-rn 0 I ,n m ..#dUFrl * T &ll c.- -BCL n* ---wzo-a# c*-c~ma***

mm-r-N.-~~Xzla;S~ mua --w 0 I 0 r n--*-*m -ha mcuo-- 3 T)a CIC C 0 waoa 73 ;X=a~~~<- - - -10 --to 7 m -A*- 7 wYIm*P m m ~l lrr 17 a - b- x- 0-n 0 OD rD - CCO br6 t.4 ;& -2 wo r.3 4 Im 0-rr I ID- w 2. zg m -. -, - k- om- wno 7-v-00 3i{fny3a35 i0 C)*7003 -0 3 a7 r* =rmmE3Ea

03 .mmm- w VI 3 0 on m *a- eum -0- - m me3 ON0 IU

0 B

-7 m-,+z R 0 rn wwo m > en u 1- *O*PU* r --u-ID m --a. -0 1 rr m 07 y Y~Wmm rrmmc c --mo*-IZ!o-I rn~a7-cs mYICLmalrrm 3 = -- -I-m Wrn Q.rrCJul- CT PILnTr1 +CIP3OIso m sov -..o n 4-3-> c F ~blmvl-cn - mmus U C* 3 0, Y 1 m - FIELD HUlgBER LOCAT lOH UNIT (US65 COCLH. NO. 1 Conodonts : Oulodus Middle-Late Sllurlan A. G. Harris Bendeleben C-2 TKc CAI.5; sample is a clast rp.. Ozarkodt na (Uenlock thrpugh part 65O 30' 30" f ro~lthe conqlmaaerate. con f 1 uens . of Pridol I ) 162O 41' 10"

Conodonts: Xockel ella Mlddle through early A. G. Harri5 Bendeleben C-2 TKc CAI+-5 1h ; sample t s a sp., Ozarkodina Late Silurian (Wenlock 65' 30' 30" cl ast from the conglom- excavata, Panderodus through Ludlowl 362' 41 ' 10" erate. SP, Conodonts: distomo- Early through MIddle A. G. Harrjs Bendeleben C-2 TKc CAIfS to 6; sample Is a dontl fonn elements, Silurian 65' 30' 30' cl a5t from the conglom- Panderodus spp, 162O 41' 10' era te . Conodonts: Belodt na Middle through late A. G, HarrIs Bcndeleben C-2 TKc CAI*51f ; sample ir a rp,, Panderodus sp. Ordovician 65' 30' 30" clast roa the conglon- 162' 41' 10' erate. Conodont: Sa el ment St Iurl an through A. G. Harrfs Bendeleben C-2 TKc CAI4 411 ; sample 11 a of St lurlan through Devonian 65' 30' 30" cl n5t rom the conglom- Devonl an rnorphotype, 162O 41' 30" erate.

PyrI ti red and phorpha- Phanerozolc A. G. Harris These rocks were prerg- tized spine stelnterns. ously thought to be Precanbrtan (Srlns- bury, 19741. Conodonts: Belodella verylatert Early A. 6. Harrfs CAl=5 lh ; megafqssil Oevon l an through collection 73 APa 101 earl icrt Late Devonian; is fmthis localtty *hen combined dth data {see Table 11 from the megaf~ssil collection here, age is restricted to Mlddl P Ocvanian through earlSest Late Oevonidn. rmszr-rmn ODIIPaEPI3 f a ar o 0.3- Wtl r* 0' Q- w 7-4Zrl.r rnmm mm* 7 74 d 3 Nd.*V N- *CIS mw- rrwrclm.-m~ a -I n -m 0 hap*3 wwor -ha "*\worn - rra em? 1 -wars= ed ~rn 90am rn d.d-7 crw PI - corn% Zl -m P dWY0 r .n-13 - o nm-29222,-% 7F w -L..*E 0.w m-r "5," , 1 em- 2 CL +" smn g 3 -- m 0 .I & .-, -I 7 -wc- -Wrw QImm mmm mmm mmm eel. wCn3 wLn7 Ncnl zmg 0 04 0 02 rw 00- 00-- -0.- cem - .W r aW - *v - -G- - - m 1P rn ID 0 NCY Nu3 Nr3 vlu 1 99, 99, O+ ss2. 'p 9%" c. pl mmm r N rn 3 0 0 on r, m P oo- -am = -w 0 - an z aw5 NNB 99- -y %",& N-3 er

w re- -rn

.-P Sn mara no 0 -r 3 24 0 w 2 * -pl rt m El- m m < * 0 rm 3 -.- V1 PI x - IC FIELD NUMBER FOSSILS AGE IDENTIFIED DY LOCATIOH (USGS COLLH. NU,)

84 AOn S1N Conodon t : Middle Ordov $ctan- A. 6. Harris Norton Bay 0-6 TKc CAI =5 to 5 : ramp1 e l s Ponderadus sp. Hi ddl e Devonian 64' 54' 35' clast from the cunglmerate. 16l0 57* 55" ,

84 ADn 51 0 Conodon t : Middle Ordovician- A. 6, Harris Norton Bay 0-6 TKc CAI-5to51/2;sanpfe15 Panaerodus sp. Hiddl e Devonian 64' 54' 35' clast from the conglomerate, 161' 57' 55"

84 ADn 528 Conodonts : late Early-HIddle A. 6.Harrls 501monO-1 TKC CAI=S ; sample IS a lll060-SO1 Neo andarodus sp. , Devonian 64' 59' 25" clast from the conglomerate. ?&3mFm, 162' 03' 40" Polygnathus sp. 4ndeE.

84 ADn 52C Conodonts : Middle Devonian A. G. Harris Solomon0-1 TKc CA1=5~~ta6:sampleIra (31061-SD) lfeo andemdus sp., 64' 59' 25' tl aft f rm the cangl omerate. *. *. , 162' 03' 40"

84 ADn 54 Conodants: Pal todus middle Early to J. E. Repetskl Bendeleben A-l w CAI*51/2 -7; species associatfan i9897-GO1 SD. 5.f.. earliest Hlddle - 65' 03' Oa" is characteristic of ncmal Ordov lcian (probably mrlne comdltions. There - middle Early rocks were previous1y thaught sp., ? Scandodur aff. Ordovlcl an--Fauna DS to be Oeuonirn IKl\ler and 5. furnishi, Scolopadus others, 1972). Ti losus. Scblooodus

84 ADn 57B mnodont: middle Early Ordmlcian- A. 6. Harris Bendeleben A-1 Od CA1.7. Sample Is a dark-gray Be1 ode1 1 a sp. Devonian (viry probably dolostone that occurs OrdovictanS structurally below barren sample 84 ADn 57A and structural 1 y above barren sample 57t tsee Table 3).

84 ADn f5Z Conodont: Ordovf cian A, G. Harris Solomon 0-5 OCx CAImSlh-6, Samplelsamedfum- (10059-CQI drepanadontl form 64' 48' 03' gray marble that occurs element. 164' 12' 35" structural ly above the bl ack marble of barren sample 82 AT1 492 !see Table 3).

=w *a m -I 0 N I?. n

\ 7 Olr X ZL I WID m m m -0 7 m v 1 0 -. 0 VI-. w a- <

.- uo- NLnm -w - m %='!Pa3 -? *-4 m-0 '0-vlmrrm-r 0 35 --LID C * z NID m -ID

83 AT4 102A Recrystal l ired Plmneroxoic; 8. K. HeldsworthBendelebenA-2 Ex The foss4lsoccur in Radjol arla , probably pre-Devoni an 6594' 28" f l ne-grained quartz- 162' 32' 25" graphite schist. 83 Afi 227 Conodont: juvenile Mlddle through . A. G. Harris Bendeleben 8-1 Pzd CA~~S. Mlcrofossil sample (29218-PC) Pa el elaent QF ' Late Pennsylvanian 65' 26' 45" 84 ATf 888 and barren samples Of To nathodus? cf. D. 152' 33' 42' 88A md BBC (see Table 3) are &k-- - recollections at thls locality. 088 ylelded a conodont of Rlddl c OrdPvlc lm through Hlddl e Devonlan age. It

04 If1 8AB Canodonts : late Early Devonian A. L. Harris Wn CAI=5-51&. SampleBAAIs 4 10997-501 Meo anderodus sp., (Ensi an) fran coral-stronatoporoid EAiaGZx., packstone; sample BAD Panderodus sp. ; 1s fr~nwackestane that Pel ekysgnathus sp. occurs between the packstone 1 ayers.

Conodents : Ordoviclan- A. G. Harris Solomon C-1 OEbm CAI.6. Sample taken From Indeterml nate Triassic 64" 33' 30" black marble In 5-10 cr Ftagnents. 162' Zf "20' thick layers, These rwks were previously thought to be Precambrian (Hiller and others, 19721.

Canodont: nlddle Early throuah A. G. Harris Solomon C-1 D€h CAI-51~2. Sample taken s Protopanderodus sp. Late 0rdovic fan 64' 33' 50" feu feet north of 151 From (middle Arenlq through 162' 27' 20" black marble in 1.5 cm LateOrdorfcIanl - thick layers,

Conodonts: middle Early A. G. Harris Oulodus sp., Orarkodlna Devonian tf.ebe rle3 nt , Panfirodus sp., Pandor5nel-l lna(?) Sp. indeiiie- SP. CancCntr : Early Canbrlan A. G, Harris DCba CAIsli. The problematic Pr~tchertzlnrll)sp.. and J, E. phosphatic mfcrafossi l drepsnodontF form Repe tskf La worthella Indicates a el ement. ha-deperitlcnrl PhosphatCc alcrofossll : envlrenment. There rocks Lapwor thella sp. were previously thought ta be Devonian (Hiller and others, 19721.

~~Conodont: Hfddle Ordowiclan- A. G. Harris Prd CAI=8. Thls sample Isa Pander~dus sp. Middle hvnnlan recollection at microfossl l locality 83 ATI 227. vm * 0 a 1 a0 m n 'I P e a EL- C m -.~~

~~u- orrw -3 -E P. r, 0 * -z =-=I no-d- 0 c m=- 4 f~~

~~a VI fL3- OEPr x dm-? -a nn - -m 0 0 w m WW1 003 art-- om- --- s = oocl~~

~~PI WV n * 7-3- - m1D- w ncw~~

~~-r* mom PIC FIELO WUMBER SOSZ 1LS AGE IOENTIFIEO BY LOCATSOH UNIT REMARKS* fUSGS CMLFF. NO.~~

83 SK 31A Conodonts: Beledella 1ateEatlyDevonian A. 6. Herrf s klomn 0-1 '0th CAI=5-51~2. 110898-SO) (mfddle Sjegenian 64' 57 ' 55* + through Emsf an) 162' 09 * 00' pandor~nel!ln& exiqua. I *CAI=4 indicates host rock reached at least 20~'-2w~;CAI84 % (at least 2SQ0~1; CAI-5 lat least 300~~1;CAI.5-S Ib (at least 300-350~~1; CAI15 (st 1 east 350°!Z?; CAI-5 14 -6 (at least 350*-45Oac or corroded and axfdlted by fluf ds at lower Mperrtutr) ; CAI-7 {d~0~-6lo~c or corroded and oa4d$x@dby flujds at lower tevraturel; CR1.8 (>600'~ or corroded and oxldlzed by fluids at loner temperature). TABLE 3. LOCAL1 TIES WHICH YIELDED SAMPLES BARREN OF MECROFOSSILS FROM THE SOLOMON. BENDELESEN AND SOUTHERN KOTZEBUE QUADRANGLES.

~~FIELD #UMBER LOCATION UNIT REMARKS~~

~~82 ACI 32 Solomon 0-5 64' 46' 23" 164' 01 ' 40'' 8? AC1 68C Solomon 0-6 64' 56' 52" 164' 57' 05"~~

~~62 AC1 92 Sol omon 0-5 Pzm 64' 55' 05" 164O 14' 14"~~

~~82 ACI 93~~

~~Solomon D-5 64O 49' P4" 164' 18' 50" . Solomon 0-6 64O 47' 33" 154' 30' 56" Solomon P-6 64' 55' 13" 150° 45' 39"~~

~~Solomon 0-6 64O 54' 30" 164' 38' 51" bZ At! 99 Solomon 0-6 64' 52' 38" 164' 3422' FIELD NUMBER LOCATi ON REMARKS 82 AC1 I00 Solomon D-6 64O 49' 32" 164O 43' 20''~~

~~Solomon 0-6 Oim 64O 48' 14" 164' 44' 44"~~

~~82 Ati 165 Solomon D-5 @€x 64' 49' 12" 164O 12' 11''~~

~~Solomon 0-5 Prd Sample is from a rubble 64' 56' 03" patch of Pzd too small to 164' 02' 15" show at 1:250,000 scale. Sendel eben 3-1 65O 45' 50" 162' 26' 10"~~

~~Megafossll collection 70 APtm 199 is from this locality (see Table 1). Solomon C-4 64' 25' 55" 163' 43' 05" Solomon t-3 64' 44' 15" 163O 26' 25* FIELD NUMBER LOCATION REMARKS~~

~~52 ADu 77~~

~~82 AOu 78CC Sample is a clast from the conglomerate .~~

~~82 AOu 78PP Bendel eben C-2 TKc Sample is a clast from the 65' 30' 30" conglomerate. 162' 41' 10"~~

~~Solomon C-a A recol lection at barren p40 j;a Q8" iocal i ty 82 bTi 36. 163' 39' 15"~~

~~' Solomon 0-6 A recollection at micro- 64' 57' 30" fossil local ity 82 AC1 r6a0 26' 16" 94 I see Table 2).~~

~~Solomon 0-6 64h4' 20" 164' 54 ' 05" Solomon D-1 64' 54 ' 40" 162' 10' 18"~~

~~Bendel eben A-! Microfossil coll ection 65' 02' 15" 83 ADn 27 is from a fine- 162' 05' 20" grained, light-gray to tan dolof tone that structurally over1 ies 83 AOn 27A ( see Table 2).~~

~~83 ADn 34J Bendel eben A- 1 TKc Sample is a clast from the 65' 34 ' 10" congl omerate . 162' 01' 20" FIELD NUMBER LOCAT I ON REMARKS~~

~~83 ADn 34K Bendel cben A-1 Sample is a clast from the 65' 04' 10" congl omerate. 162' 01' 20"~~

~~83 ADn 34N Bendeleben A-l TKc Sample is a clast from the 65O 04' 10" conglomerate. 162' 01' 20"~~

~~53 ADn 77 aendel eben 0-3 Ex 65') 51' 30" 163' 04' 45"~~

53 ADn 86 Bendtl eben 0-2 Od A recollection at micro- 6j0 48' 00" Fjssil locality 92 3u :! 162' 46 ' 00" (see Table 21, Sample 86 consists of gray and pink mottled do1 ostane , the sane 1 ithol ogy whi eh y iel ded mierofossfl collection 82 AOu 71.

~~Bendel eben D-2 A recollection at micra- 65' 48' 00" fossil locality 82 ADu 71 162' 46' 00" (see Table 2). Sample 87 consi rts of dark-gray do1 o- stone, a subotdf nate 1 i fho- logy at this locality,~~

~~Ddbn~~

Bendel eben B-1 Prd FOUF samples were taken at 65" 29' 02" locality 84 AOn 41. Each 162' 00' 58" represents a di f ferent 1i thol ogy; a1 1 1i thologi es occur as rvbble and subcrop irt an area several tenths of a mi 1e in df ameter a1ong the crest of the ridge. Sample 41A fs fine-crystal l ine black marble. FIELO NUMBER UNIT REMARK 5

~~84 ADn 618 Bendel eben B-1 Pzd Sample 410 is whi te-weather1 ng 65' 29' 02" do1 ostone ( dominant I f tho1ogy 162' 00 -8" at this locality),~~

~~84 Ann 41C Bendel eben 8- 1 Pzd Sample 41C is tan-weatherjng 65' 29' 02" dolostone with a streaky, 162' 00' 58'' mttl ed texture.~~

84 ADn 413 Bendel eben B-1 Pzd Sample 41D is black, very finely 65' 29' 02" crystall ine shaley marble. 162' 00' 58*

~~84 ADn 46 Bendel eben A-1 Dd 65' 07' 38" 162' 08 ' 20"~~

~~84 ADn 511 Norton Bay 0-6 -TKc Sample is a clast from the 64O 54' 35" congl merate. 161' 57"55"~~

84 AOn 57A ' Bende 1 eben A- 1 . 3d Sampie is 1 ight-gray mottled 65" 05' 55" do1 ostone that occurs 162' 08' 08" structural 1y above dark-gray dolostone (micrafosril sample 84 ADn 570--see Table 2) and 1 i ght tan doi ostone (barren sample 57C).

~~84 ADn 57C Bendel eben A-1 65' 05' 48" 162O 08' 18"~~

~~84 ADn 79A Kotrebue A-3 DObm HScrofossi 1 col I eetion 84 AOn 66' 0335'* 79C is from this locallty 163' 12' 10" (see Table 2).~~

~~84 ADn 84C Sol omon 0-6 6492' 50" 164' 55' 40" REMARKS~~

~~84 ADn 107 Sol omon 0-6 64' 55' 30" 164" 30' 52"~~

34 AOn llOB Solomon 0-5 Sample is tan to gray. 64' 52' 35" fine-grai ned do1 ostone that 164' 27' 00" forms a small rubble patch about one tenth of a mile north of the marble rubble which was sampled as 84 ADn 1106.

Sol omon 0-5 Pzm 04' 52 ' 30" 164O 27' OO*

~~Solomn 0-5 Pzm Sample is tan, fine- 64O 58' 28" grained do1 ostane that forms 164' 17' SO* a small rubble patch surrounded by rubble and outcrops of medium crystalline marble.~~

~~85 ADn 41 Bendel eben 0-3 65" 54' 36" 163O 02' 45"~~

93 AGe 7 Solomon 0-6 64O 54' 30" 164' 41' UO*

~~83 AGe 133 Bendel eben C-1 65' 35' 20" 162' 21' 30'~~

~~84 AGe 116~~

~~84 ACe 128 FIELD NUMREZ REMARKS~~

Bendel eben C-6 Sample is black, finely crys- 65' 37' 21" tall ine marble, a subordinate 164' 32' 58" 1 f thology at this locality. Microfossil col lcction 82 ADu 68 and megafoszfl collection 67 ASn 327 are f~omthe dominant 1 ithoT ogy (medium-gray marble 1 at this Iocallty (see Tables 1 and 2.1

~~Bendel eben C-5 65' 35' 00" 164' 21' 40"~~

~~Solomon C-5 xx 64' 42' 40" 164' 18' 20" Pzm~~

~~Bendel eben C-5 Pzim 65' 43' 20" 164' 16' 50"~~

~~82 ATi 3C~~

~~82 AT4 34 Salomon C-4 64" 34' 08* 163' 38' 32"~~

~~82 AT$ 36 Sol mnC-4~~

~~82 ATi 422 Solomon 0-5 A tecol lection at barren 64' 49' 10' locality 82 AC1 106. 164' 12' 10"~~

~~82 AT$ 49; Microfossi 1 coll ec tSon 84 APn 752 is from this locality (see Table 21,~~

~~82 XTi 1% Bendel cben 0-6 65' 25' 12" 164' 52' 25"~~

~~82 ATi 195A Bendel eben C-6 Microfossil collection 82 ATi 1558 65' 31' 54" is from Phis locality (see Table 2). , 164' 36' 40"~~

~~82 ATi 196 Bendel eben C-6 sf0 2:' 22" 164' 34' 04"~~

~~92 ATi 197A Bendel cban C-5 Pzm Microfossil collectf on 82 AT1 1978 65' 35' 05" is from this locality [see Table 2). 164' 25' 53- UNIT REMARKS Bendel eben C-5 Ex 65' 35' 03" 164' 26' 41"~~

82 ATi 200 Bendel ebcn C-5 65Q8 ' 43 " 164' 12' 06*

~~82 AT3 208 Ptm~~

~~82 ATI 209 Bendcl eben 0-3 65' 49' 00" 163' 14 "5'~~

~~82 AT1 211 Candle C-6 Pzd 65' 32' 31" 161' 5935" 82 ATi 212 Bendel eben 6- 1 P zm 65' 26' 27" 162' 27' 25"~~

~~$3 AT4 61 Ex~~

~~83 AT< 169 Ocs~~

~~84 AT1 3A~~

~~84 ATI 36 Solomon D-3 Ofm 64' 53' 42" 163' 28' 28"~~

~~84 AT1 53A Solomon C-4 Prm 64' 33' 40" 163' 56VOU a4 AT1 60E Solomon C-l Ddm 64O 40' 55" 162O 22' 30"~~

84 ATI 88A Bendcl tben B-1 Pzd Three samples of the same litho- 65' 26' 45" logy were taken in the vicfnity ~62' 03' 40" of microfossil collection 83 Afl 227. Sample 84 ATi g8B was taken at about the same spat as 83 AT1 227 and conmi ns conodontr ( see Tab1 e 2). Barren samples 88A and 88C were taken 200 and 400 feet east, respati vel y ,. of sarnpl e 888. 84 AT1 88C Bendel ebcn 8-1 Pzd 65' 26' 45" 262' 03 "0" FIELD NUMBER LOUT1ON REMARKS

84 ATi 1W Bendel ebcn A-2 Sample is graph$ tic, fine- to 65' 05' 30" mtdi m-crystal I ine marbl e that is 162O 35' 12" intercal at& with quartz-graphi te schist- The schist contains local recrystal l ired Radiolaria (see microfossil sample 64 ATS 1040, Table 21.

~~84 ATi 106 Morton Bay 0-6 Pzd 64O 57' 17' 161° 53' 13"~~

~~84 ATi 176~~

~~84 Mi 238A lendel eben C -6 65' 35"0°" 164O 47' 00"~~

~~84 ATi 270 Solomon 0-6 Sample 270 is orange- and gray- 64' 56' IS" weathering, medium-gray dolostone 164" 35.' 45" (the dominant 1 itho1 ogy at thfs locality).~~

~~84 ATi 2706 Solmaon 0-6 Sampl e 2700 is dark-gray do1 ostone 64O 56' 12" that occurs in rubble just south lqrle 31' 45" of where sample 270 Has collected.~~

~~84 ATi 271 Solomon D-6 64' 54' 35* 1640 31' 3SW~~

~~84 ATi 300B Bendel eben C-6 6S0 36-10" 164' 39' 50"~~

~~Solomon D-4 64' 47VbW 163' 56' 48"~~