CMi386sx33and CMi486sxlc66cpuModulerM UsertsManual
BIOSVersions 4.1x
RealTime Devices USA, Inc.
PublicationCMi386 99.08.02 ISO9001 and AS9100 Certified CMi386sx33and CMi486sxlc66 cpuModulerMUser's Manual
REAL TIME DEVICESUSA,INC. 200 InnovationBlvd. POBox 906 StateCollege, PA 16804-0906
Phone: + | -8 | 4 -234 -8087 FAX: +l-814-234-5218
E-mail [email protected] [email protected]
website http://www.rtdusa.com RevisionHistory 97.09.03 NewFM version. 97.09.08 Fixedreferences to ATSET. 97.09.09 Fixeddescription of {Fl} uponenor. 97.10.31 v4.6xinitial release 98.02.26 AddedCMi586 v4.6x 98.05.20 AddedCMC version 98.06.12 Fixed CMX JP5and JP6 99.05.1I FixedSerial Port Disables, bus clock, added quick boot 99.07.08 With defaultjumper JP6 on, boot from floppy,then DOC 99.08.02 Cleanedupconditional text, addedDOC for CMC only andfixed virtualdevice mode description
PublicationCMi3 86 99.08.02
Published by:
Real Time Devices USA, Inc. 200 Innovation Blvd. P.O. Box 906 StateCollege, PA 16804-0906
Copyright 1996, 1997,1998, 1999by Real Time Devices USA, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
PC/XT, PC/AT are registeredtrademarks of IBM Corporation. IBM is a registeredtrademark of International BusinessMachines Inc. MS-DOS is a registeredtrademark of Microsoft Corp. PC/104 is a registeredtrademark of PC/104 Consortium. The Real Time Devices Logo is a registeredtrademark of Real Time Devices USA. cpuModule is a trademark of Real Time Devices USA. CMi386sx33 and CMi486sxlc66 are trademarksof Real Time Devices USA. utilityModule is a trademark of Real Time Devices USA. All other trademarks appearing in this document are the property of their respective owners. Chapter1: Introduction...... ,,7 TheCMi386sx33 / CMi486sxlc66 cpuModules ...... 8 Specifications...... 9 Chapter2: GettingStarted...... o...... 13 BasicConnector Locations ...... ,14 DefaultConfiguration ...... 15 CableKits ...... 16 ConnectingPower .....t7 Connectingthe utility cable...... 18 Connectinga Keyboard ...... 19 Connectingto thePCll}4 Bus ...... 20 Bootingthe cpuModulefor the FirstTime ...... 21 If You Misconfigurethe cpuModule ...... 22 For More Information...... 23 Chapter3: Connectingthe cpuModule ...... 25 VOConnections ...... 26 AuxiliaryPower, J9 ...... 28 FirstSerial Port, Jl ...... 29 ...... 32 SecondSerial Port. J2 ...... 33 35 ParallelPort, J3 ...... 36 IDE HardDisk, J4 .....38 FloppyDisk, J5 ...... 40 MultifunctionConnector, J6 ...... 41 PC/104Bus, J8 andJT ...... 44 Chapter4: Configuringthe cpuModule . . o...... 49 ConfiguringHardware ...... 50 Configuringwith the Setupprogrcm ...... 56 Chapter5: UsingthecpuModule...o...... ,.o...... 65 TheBIOS ...... 70 BIOS Routinesfor HardwareControl ...... 75 DirectHardware Control ...... 80 StoringApplications On-board ...... 84 UsingVirtual Devices ...... 93 Utility Programs ...... 98 Chapter6: HardwareReference...... o .....103 Jumpers ...104 SolderJumpers ...... 110 MechanicalDimensions ...... 111 Chapter7: Troubleshooting o...... o...... 113 CommonProblems and Solutions ...... 114 Chapter8:Limited'Warranty ...... l2l GHnpren1: lrurnoDucnoN
This manual is meant for users developing with the CMi386sx33 or CMi486sxlc66 cpuModules. It contains information on hardware and software of the cpuModule. The manual is orgaruzed as follows: Introduction Introducesmain featuresand specifications. Getting Started Provides abbreviatedinstructions to get started. Chapter3: Connecting the cpuModule Provides information on connecting the cpuModule to peripherals. Configuring the cpuModule Provides information on configuring hardware and software. Chapter5: Using the cpuModule Provides information neededto develop applications for the cpuModule. The chapter includes general information on the cpuModule, plus de- tailed information on storing applications,using Virtual Devices and sys- tem functions, and using utility programs. Chapter6: Hardware Reference Lists jumpers and their locations and mechanical dimensions. Chapter7: Troubleshooting Offers advice on debugging problems with your system. Chapter8: Warranty The CMi386sx33/ CMi486sxlc66cpuModules The PCl104 cpuModules describedin this manual are designedfor industrial applications which re- quire: soffware and hardware compatibility with the PC/AT world high-speed"number-crunching" operation low power consumption small physical dimensions high reliability good noise immunity This cpuModule is highly integrated, combining all major functions of a PC/AT computer on one compact board. It integrates all primary I/O functions of a AT compatible computer: floppy and hard disk interface . a keyboard interface parallel port . one R52321422-485serial port and one RS232 serial port . a Real Time Clock . a speakerport It also enhancesstandard AT-compatible computer systemsby adding: . two Solid StateDisk sockets . anon-volatile configuration EEPROM . a Watchdog Timer The figure below shows a simplified block diagram of the cpuModule: 80387SX MATH COPROCESSOR
You can easily customizethe cpuModule by stacking PC/104 modules such as video controllers, modems,LAN controllers,or analogand digital dataacquisition modules. Stacking PC/104 modules on the cpuModule avoids expensiveinstallations of backplanesand card cagesand preservesthe module's compactness. A PC compatible BIOS is also implemented in the cpuModule. This BIOS supportsROM-DOS and MS-DOS operating systems.Drivers in the BIOS allow booting from floppy disk, hard disk, Solid State Disk, or DiskOnChip, thus enabling the system to be used with traditional disk drives or non- mechanical drives. The cpuModule and BIOS are also compatible with most real-time operating systemsfor PC com- patible computers,although thesemay require creation of custom drivers to use the SSD, EEPROM, and watchdog timer. For industrial applications,a set of BIOS functions have also been implemented which allow easy control of system hardware devices. Specifications
CMi486sxlc66CPU TexasInstruments 486sxlc-2 microprocessor 66MHz processorusing 3.3V supply o $ KB cache memory Socketfor optional80387sx math co-processor
CMi386sx33CPU Intel 80386sx microprocessor 33 MHz processor Socketfor optional80387sx math co-processor
DMA, Interrupts, Timers Six (6) DMA channels(8237 compatible) Fifteen(15) intemrptchannels (8259 compatible) . Three (3) counter/timers (8254 compatible)
Memory Configurations . 4M bvtesDRAM. installed
Solid StateDisk . two 32-pn sockets SSDsocket can hold oneof the followineConventional SSD devices:
Device FullRead/Write 128Kbytes 256Kbytes 512Kbytes lMbyte Access Atmel5VFlash yes yes yes yes no SRAM yes yes no yes no NOVRAM yes yes no yes no 12VFlash no yes yes no no (read-only) EPROM no yes yes yes yes AMD5V Flash no yes no yes no
an SSD socket can alternately hold one of the following devices which install using a BIOS Extension:
Device FullReadM|rite MaximumNumber per Sizes Access cpuModule DiskOnchip2000 yes 2 2-72M8* DiskOnChip1000 yes 2 IMB,2MB MCSIPromDisk yes 2 4MB,8MB *
(*) Largerdevices may be availablein the future.
Peripherals. Two full-duplexRS232 serial ports; baud rates from 50 to 115.2kbaud (with 16550- typeUARTs with 16-bytebufibrs) First serialport re-configurablefor full-duplexR5422 or half-duplexRS485 a Bi-directionalparallel port PC/AT standardkeyboard port a 360Kbyteto 1.44Mbytefloppy disk interface IDE harddisk interface Speakerport RealTime Clock (requiresuser-supplied external battery for backup) a WatchdogTimer
BIOS Directly supportsSolid StateDisk (SSD)and DiskOnChip User-configurableusing built-in Setupprogram Supportsserial link to hostcomput€r for keyboard,video, floppy, hard disk a Canboot from floppy disk,hard disk, SolidState Disk, or serialport link (Virtual Devices)
Connections a AT bus,per PC/104specifications (64-pin J8, 40-pin J7) a Serialport 1 connector(10-pin Jl) Serialport 2 connector(10-pin J2) Parallelport connector(26-pin J3) Multifunctionconnector (10-pin J6) Floppydisk connector(34-pin J5) IDE connector(40-pin Ja) Auxiliary powercorurector (10-pin J6)
PhysicalCharacteristics Dimensions:3.6 x 3.8x 0.6"(90 x 96x l6mm) Weight(mass): 3.4 ounces(100 grams) PCB: 8-layer,mixed surface-mountand thru-hole
Operating environment . Powersupply: 5V +/- 5% . temperature:-40 to +85 degreesC (with propercooling) . Operatingrelative humidity: 0 to 95%o,non-condensing . Storagetemperature : -55 to +125degrees C.
Power Consumption Exactpower consumptiondepends on the peripheralsconnected to the board,the selectedSSD con- figuration,the presenceof a coprocessor,and the memoryconfiguration. Thetable below listspower consumption for typicalconfigurations:
TypicalPower Consumption
Module Gonsumption RAM SSD Goprocessor
CMi386sx33 480mA(2.4w) 4MB 5121<3 None 33MHz Atrnel Flash
CMi486sxlc66 80omA(4.0w) 4MB 5l2kB None 66MHz Atrnel Flash
l0 For information on changing clock speeds,see Processor Clock Control on page 83.
GHnpren2: GernNcSrnnreo
For many users,the factory configuration of the cpuModule can be used to get a PC/104 systemoperational. Ifyou are one ofthese usen, you can get your systemup and running quickly by following a few simple steps describedin this chapter.Briefly, these stepsare: . Connect power. . Connect the utility cable. . Connect a keyboard. . Connect the PC/104 bus to a video card. Refer to the remainder of this chapter for details on each of these steps.
t3 Basic Connector Locations The figure and table below show the connectorsused in this chapter.
@Fmq llo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ol llo o o ol (-,
F ' lo lo' to ( lll l-r lo' lo': t:' lo : t:, t:lo : lo' lo ( F.l-l ffin El:: J6 br J flo o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o [:::TlF:::::::::::: Q:::: o J9 GMi386SX33/CMi486SXLC66Basie Gonnector Locations
BasicGonnectors
Gonnector Function Size
J6 Multifunction l0 pin
J7 PC/104bus (AT) 40 pin
J8 PC/IO4Bus (XT) 64 pin
J9 Auxiliarypower l0 pin
l4 DefaultConfiguration ThecpuModule comes from the factorywith jumperJP6 installed. This forcesthe cpuModule to use the defaultSetup outlined in the following table.This configurationallows you to: . boot from the Atrnel SSDincluded in the fust SSDsocket or from floppy disk . nrn the Setupprogram to configurethe cpuModule This procedureis describedin moredetail at the endof this chapter.
Highlightsof DefaultSetup
Item Setting Gontrolled by:
Boot device Atmel SSD / Floppy Setup
SSDsizeltype Atmel 5l2KB Flash in Setup+ jumpers the first SSD socket
Memory 4MB Setup
Video EGA/VGA Setup
FloppyDrive 1 1.44M3.5" Setup
FloppyDrive 2 Not installed Setup
Hard disk Not installed Setup
15 Cable Kits For maximumflexibility, cablesare not providedwith the cpuModule.You maywish to purchase our cablekit for the cpuModule. TheXK-CM04 cablekit containsthe followine: . Multifunctioncable (keyboard socket, battery, reset, speaker) . Floppydrive cable(DIL34 to two DIL34) . IDE Hard drive cable(DIL40 to two DIL40) . Two serialport cables(two - DILIO to DSUB9) . Parallelport cable(DIL26 to DSUB25) . Powercable (DILI0 to wire leads)
t6 ConnectingPower
WARNING! If you improperlyconnect power, the modulewill almostcertainly be damagedor destroyed.Such damage is not warranted!Please verifu connectionsto themodule before applylng power.
Power is normally supplied to the cpuModule through thePC/fi4 bus, connectorsJ7 and J8. If you are placing the cpuModule onto aPCll04 stack that has a power supply, you do not need to make additional connections to supply power. If you are using the cpuModule without aPCllD4 stack or with a stackthat doesnot include a power supply, refer to Auxiliary Power, J9 onpage 28 for more details.
t7 Connecting the utility cable The Multifunction connector,J6, implements the following interfaces: . AT keyboard . Speakeroutput . Systemreset input . Battery input To use these interfaces,you must connect to the Multifunction connector,making sure the orienta- tion ofpin I is correct. If you areusing the Multifunction cable from our cable kit, the cable provides a small speaker,a 5-pin circular DIN connector for the keyboard, a pushbutton for resetting the PC/ 104 system, and a lithium battery to provide backup power to the Real Time Clock. To connect individual devicesto the Multifunction connector,please seeMultifunction Connector, J6 onpage 41.
18 Connectinga Keyboard You may plug a PC/AT compatiblekeyboard directly into the circularDIN connectorof the Multi- firnctioncable in ourcable kit. Somenewer keyboards may use a smaller"rnird-DINU connector; you will needan adapterto plug thesekeyboards into the cpuModule.
NOTE! Many keyboards are switchable between PC/XT and AT operating modes,with the mode usually selectedby a switch on the back or bot- tom of the keyboard. For correct operation with this cpuModule, you must selectAT mode.
l9 Connectingto thePC/104 Bus Since this cpuModule does not include a video display controller, you will probably wish to stack the cpuModule with anothercard to add video. For example,you may add the CM I 10 utilityModule, which addsa VGA display controller and flat-panel support on one PC/104 module.The PC/104 bus connectorsof the cpuModule are simply plugged onto a PC/104 stack to connect to other devices. We recommendyou follow the procedure below to ensurethat stacking of the modules doesnot damase connectorsor electronics.
WARNING! Do not force the module onto the stack! Wiggling the module or apply- ing too much pressure may damageit. If the module does not rcadily press into place, remove it, check for bent pins or out-of-place keying pins, and try again.
. Turn off power to the PC/104 system or stack. . Select and install standoffs to properly position the cpuModule on the PC/104 stack. . Touch a groundedmetal part of the rack to dischargeany buildup of static electricity. . Remove the cpuModule from its anti-static bag. . Check that keying pins in the bus cormector are properly positioned. . Check the stacking order; make sure an XT bus card will not be placed betweentwo AT bus cards or it will intemrpt the AT bus signals. . Hold the cpuModule by its edgesand orient it so the bus connectorpins line up with the matching connector on the stack. . Gently and evenly press the cpuModule onto the PC/104 stack.
20 Booting the cpuModule for the First Time You can now apply power to the cpuModule. Depending on the VGA card you are using, you may seea greeting messagefrom the VGA BIOS. You will then see: . the cpuModule BIOS version information . a messageindicating jumper JP6 is installed and the default Setup is thereforebeing used . a messagerequesting you press {Fl} to continue booting using the default Setup,or press {Delete} to enter the Setupprogram If you press {Fl}, the cpuModule will try to boot from a 5l2KB Atrnel Flash in the fust SSD socket. If no device is found, it will try to boot from the first floppy drive.
If you press {Delete}, the cpuModule will enter Setup. Once you have configured the cpuModule using Setup, saveyour changes,tum offpower, remove jumper JP6, and reboot.
21 lf You Misconfigure the cpuModule It is possible you may incorrectly configure the cpuModule using Setup.If this happens,you have severalchoices: Ifvideo and keyboard are enabled: . Re-boot the cpuModule.
. Immediately pressand hold down the {Delete} key until the cpuModule entersSetup. Ifvideo or keyboard are disabled: . Insert jumper JP6. This will force the cpuModule to boot using the default configu- ration, which enablesvideo and keyboard. . Boot the cpuModule.
. Pressthe {Delete} key to enter Setup. If the option for Setup is disabled in the Advanced Setup screen: . Insert jumper JP6. This will force the cpuModule to boot using the default configu- ration, which enablesthe {Delete} key to run Setup. . Boot the cpuModule.
. Pressthe {Delete} key to enter Setup. If Quickboot is enabled: ' Insert jumper JP6. This will force the cpuModule to boot using the default configu- ration, which disablesQuickBoot. . Boot the cpuModule.
. Pressthe {Delete} key to enter Setup. You can then reconfigure the cpuModule correctly using Setup.
22 For More lnformation This chapterhas been intended to getthe typicaluser up andrunning quickly. If you needmore de- tails,please refer to the following chaptersfor moreinformation on configuringand using the cpu- Module.
23 24 Gnnpren3: GorunEcnNGTHE cpuMoDULE
This chapter contains information necessaryto use all connectorsof the cpuModule.
25 I/O Connections The cpuModulecomes from the factory readyto corurectto the peripheralsshown in the following table.
DefaultPeripheral Settings
Item Sefting Controlledby
Boot device Aunel SSD/ Floppy Setup
SSDsizeltype 5l2KB Ahnel Flash in Setup+ jumpers first SSD socket
Serial Port #l RS-232at 3F8H Setup+ jumpers
Serial Port #2 disabled Setup
Parallel Port Bi-directionalat 378H Setup
Video EGA/VGA Setup
Floppy Drive I 1.44M3.5" Setup
Floppy Drive 2 Not installed Setup
Hard disk Not installed Setup
If you are using peripherals compatible with this list, you do not need to configure any jumpers or software settingsbefore connecting peripherals.
If you are using different peripherals,you may need to changethe cpuModule settings.In that case, pleasesee Conftguring with the Setup program on page 56. Connector Locations The figure and table below show all connectorsof the cpuModule. J5 J2 @FTo;q O hooooooooooooooool hooool O F;I I-Tol lo l" ol ET ol lo E3t lo ol t6l-t FI FT lo ol lo "lol ol l" lo ol l" ol l" ol l" "l lo ol lool lo ol ol lo lool lo lo ol"l ol lo lo lo ol l" "lol ol l" lo ol ol lo lo ol lo ol lo lo "l lo ol lo "l lo "l l" "l lo ol lo ll
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ooooo o ooooooo o o ooo oooooooooo
J9 J7 CMi386SX33/CMi486SXLG66Gonnector Locations
Gonnectors
Connector Function Size
JI Serialport #l l0 pin J2 Serial port #2 10pin J3 Parallel port 26pn J4 IDE hard disk 40 pin J5 Floppydisk 34 pin J6 Multifunction l0 pin J7 PCllO4bus (AT) 40 pin J8 PC/r04bus (XT) 64pin J9 Auxiliary Power 10pin
NOTE! Pin I ofeach connector is indicated by a squaresolder pad on the bot- tom of the PC board.
27 Auxiliary Power,J9
WARNING! If you improperly connectpower, the module will almost certainly be damaged or destroyed.Such damageis not warranted! Pleaseverify connectionsto the module before applying power.
The power supply can be conveyed to the module either through the PC/104 bus (J7 and J8) or through the Auxiliary Power connector,J9. Facing the connector pins, the pinout of the Auxiliary Power connector is:
97531
GND I2V +l2Y -5V +5V
GND -t2v +l2Y -5V +5V
108642
NOTE! -5VDC, +I2VDC and-12VDC voltages are not usedby themodule, but arecarried onthe PC/104bus connectors. J7 andJ8.
28 First Serial Port,Jl A serial port is implementedon connectorJl. It is normally provided as a PC compatible full-duplex RS232 port, but you rnay re-configure is as switchable between full-duplex RS422 and half-duplex RS485. In all cases,the serial port I/O addressand correspondingintemrpt must be selectedusing Setup.The available I/O addressesand the correspondingintemrpts are shown in the following table.
First Serial Port Seftings
l/O Address selected IRQ
O3F8H rRQ4
O2F8H RQ3
First Serial Port UART Thefirst serialport is implementedwith a 16550-compatibleUART (Universal Asynchronous Re- ceiver/Transmitter).This UART is capableof baudrates up to 115.2kbaud, and includes l6-byte FIFOson bothreceive and transmit. Please refer to anystandard PC-AT hardware reference for the registermap of the 16550-typeUART.
R5232 Serial Port (Standard) The full-duplexRS232 mode is standardon the cpuModule.With this modeenabled, connector Jl mustbe connectedto RS232compatible devices. The following tablegives the connectorpinout and shows how to connectto an extemalserial con- nector,either XT(DB25) or AT(DB 9) compatible.
ConnectorJl : PinAssignment in RS232Mode Pin Signal Function in/out D825 DB9 I DCD DataCarrier Detect ln 8 I 2 DSR Data Set Readv ln 6 6
J RXD Receive Data ln J 2 ,7 4 RTS RequestTo Send out 4 5 TXD Transmit data out 2 -)a 6 CTS Clear To Send in 5 8 7 DTR Data Terminal Readv out 20 4 8 RI Ring Indicate m 22 9 9,10 GND Signal Ground 7 5
Facing the connectorpins, the pinout is:
97531
GND DTR TXD RXD DCD
GND RI CTS RTS DSR
29 108642
SwitchableR5422 and R5485Serial Port You may configure the fust serial port as sofllware-switchablebetween RS422 and RS485. In this case,you must connectJl to either an RS422 or RS485 compatible device, according to the selected mode. To configure the first serial port for switchableRS422l485 operation,you must install solderjump- ers as discussedbelow. You then can use Setup to selectbetween RS422 and RS485 operation. The following solderjumpers must be shortedto use the first serial port for RS422 or RS485 oper- ation. Thesejumpers are located on the solder side of the cpuModule, near connector Jl. Refer to the Hardware Reference chapter for more information on the solder jumpers. . JPS13and JPS14,connecting RS422 TX and RS485 TX/RX lines to Jl . JPS15and JPSI6, connectingRS422 RX lines to Jl . JPS17,disabling RS232 drivers and receivers
NOTE! Termination resistors are not provided on the cpuModule. These resis- tors are usually necessaryon all RS422 receiversand at each end ofan RS485line.
If termination is required, it should be connected between RS422 RX+ and RX- lines or RS485 transmitter/receiverlines.
RS422Mode Pinout The following table gives the pinout of connector Jl when RS422 mode is enabled.
Gonnector J1 in RS422Mode Pin Signal Function in/out 1 -TX Transmit data out 2 Not connected
J +TX TransmitData out 4 Not connected 5 .RX Receive Data ln 6 Not connected +RX Receive Data ln 8 Not cormected 9,10 gnd Signal ground
Facing the connectorpins, the pinout is:
97531
GND +RX -RX +TX -TX
GND
30 10
RS485Mode Pinout The following table gives the pinout of Jl when RS485 mode is enabled.
Connector Jl in RS485Mode Pin Signal Function -T)V-RX TransmiVReceivedata 2 Not connected
J +T)V+RX Transmit/ReceiveData 4,5,6,7,8 Not connected 9,10 gnd Signal ground
Facing the connectorpins, the pinout is:
GND +TX/+RX -T)#.RX
GND
l0
Note when using R5422 or R5485 Mode When using the serial port in RS422 or RS485 mode, the serial transmittersare enabledand disabled under software control; the receivers are always enabled. The transmitters are enabled by manipulating the Data Terminal Ready (DTR*) signal of the serial port controller. This signal is conholled by writing bit 0 of the Modem Control Register (MCR) as follows:
o lf MCR bit 0 : 1, then DTR* : 0, and serial transmitters are disabled o lf MCR bit 0 : 0, then DTR* : 1, and serial tansmitters are enabled For more information on the serial port registers,please refer to a standardPC-AT hardware refer- ence for the 16550-typeUART.
3l
Second SerialPort, J2 A secondserial port is implemented on connectorJ2. The serial port is a PC compatible full-duplex RS232port. The I/O addressand correspondingintemrpt for the serial port are selectedusing Setup. The avail- able I/O addressesand the correspondingintemrpts are shown in the following table.
Second Serial Port Settings
l/O Address selected IRQ O2F8H RQ4 O2E8H rRQ3
Second Serial Port UART The secondserial port is implemented with a 16550-compatibleUART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter).This UART is capableof baud ratesup to 115.2 kbaud, and includes I 6-byte FIFOs on both receive and transmit. Pleaserefer to anv standardPC-AT hardwarereference for the register map of the 16550-typeUART.
R5232Serial Port The secondserial port operatesonly in ful1-duplex R5232 mode. It must therefore be connectedto an RS232-compatibledevice. The following table gives the connectorpinout and shows how to connectto an extemal serial con- nector, either XT(DB25) or AT(DB 9) compatible.
ConnectorJ1: PinAssignments in RS232Mode Pin Signal Function in/out DB25 DB9 I DCD Data Carrier Detect m 8 t 2 DSR Data Set Readv lll 6 6
a J RX ReceiveData ln J 2 4 RTS RequestTo Send out 4 ,7
5 TX Transmit data out 2 J 6 CTS Clear To Send ln 5 8 DTR Data Terminal Ready out 20 4 8 RI Rins Indicate in 22 9 9,10 GND Signal Ground 7 5
JJ Facing the connector pins, the pinout is:
GND DTR TXD RXD DCD
GND RI CTS RTS DSR 35 Parallel Port, J3 The parallel port is available on connector J3. You can use Setup to select its address,associated rn- terrupt, and choosebetween its operational modes (SPP and BPP). The pinout of the connectorallows a ribbon cable to directly cormect it to a DB25 connector,thus providing a standardPC compatible port. The following tables lists the parallel port signals and explains how to connect it to a DB25 connec- tor to obtain a PC compatible port.
NOTE! For correctoperation, keep the lengthof the cableconnecting the cpu- Moduleand parallel device less than 3 meters(10 feet).
Parallel Port Connector, J3
Pin Signal Function in/out DB25
1 STB Strobe Data out I
2 AFD Autofeed out t4
-) PDO PrinterData 0 (LSB) out 2
4 ERR Printer Error ln t5
5 PDI Parallel Data I out
6 TNIT Initialize printer out t6 '1 PDz PrinterData2 out 4
8 SLIN Selectprinter out t7
9 PD3 Printer Data 3 out 5
l0 GND Signal ground l8
ll PD4 Printer Data4 out 6
t2 GND Signal ground L9
13 PD5 Printer Data 5 out
t4 GND Signal ground 20
l5 PD6 Printer Data 6 out 8
t6 GND Signal ground 21
tl PD7 Printer DataT (MSB) out 9
l8 GND Signal ground 22
t9 ACK Acknowledge m l0
20 | GND I Signalground | -- | 23
36 2l BSY Busy in ll
22 GND Signal ground 24
23 PE PaperEnd ln t2
24 GND Signal ground 25
25 SLCT Ready To Receive in 13
26 GND Signal ground 26
37 IDEHard Disk,J4 A standardIDE (IntegratedDrive Electronics) hard drive interface is available on corurectorJ4. The pinout of this connector allows insertion of a ribbon cable to directly connectto one or two IDE hard drives. To use the hard drive interface, you must configure the drive type using Setup.Refer to the section on Setup later in this chapter. The cpuModule suppotrs 'standardIDE' drives up to 528MB and, using a schemecalled Logical Block Addressing, can also support drives larger than 528MB.
NOTE! You canconnect an LED to jumperJPI to indicatehard drive activity. The (+) terminal(anode) of the LED mustbe connectedto pin I of JPl.
The following table lists the signals of the hard drive connector.
IDE Interface Connector
Pin Signal Function in/out
IDERESET ResetHD out
2 GND Ground signal
a J HD7 HD data 7 inlout
4 HD8 HD data 8 ir/out
5 HD6 HD data 6 inlout
6 HD9 HD data 9 in/out
HD5 HD data 5 irVout
8 HDlO HD data l0 in/out
9 HD4 HD data4 in/out
l0 HDI I HD datall in/out
11 HD3 HD data 3 inlout
t2 HD12 HD datal2 in/out
t3 HD2 HD data2 in/out
t4 HD13 HD data 13 inlout
l5 HDI HD data I in/out
l6 HDI4 HD data 14 in/out
t7 IIDO HD data0 in/out
18 | ults I Ho data15 in/out
38 19 GND Groundsignal
20 n.c. not connected
2l n.c not connected
22 GND Groundsienal
23 IOW VO Write out
24 GND Ground sienal
)5 IOR VO Read out
26 GND Ground signal
27 IOCHRDY VO Channel Ready m
28 BALE Bus Address Latch En- ul able
29 n.c. not connected
30 GND Ground signal
3l rRQ14 Intemrpt Request in
32 IOCSl6 16 bit transfer in
AI AddressI out
34 n.c not connected
35 AO Address0 out
36 A2 Address2 out
HCSO HD Select 0 out
38 HCSI HD SelectI out
39 LED LED driving m
40 GND Ground signal
39 Floppy Disk, J5 A standardfloppy disk drive interface is available on connector J5. The pinout ofthis connector al- lows use of a ribbon cable to directly connect to one or two floppy drives. This interface suppofis floppy drives up to l.44MB capacity. Thefloppydriveinterfaceisconfiguredbydefaulttouseone3.5"l.44Megdrive.Ifyouwishtouse a different drive type or a seconddrive, you must configure the floppy drive interface using Setup. Refer to the section on Setup later in this chapter. The following table lists and describesthe signals of this connector.
FloppyDisk Drive Gonnector
Pin Signal Function In/out
2 RWC write precompensation out
4 n.c. not connected
6 n.c. not connected
8 INDEX index pulse ln
10 MOTENI motor I enable out
12 DRVSEL2 driver select I out
l4 DRVSELl driver select1 out
t6 MOTEN2 motor 2 enable out
l8 DIRECTION step direction out
20 STEP steppulse out
22 WRDATA write data out
24 WREN write enable out
26 TRACKO track 0 sisnal in
28 WRPROT wnte protect ln
30 RDDATA read data m
32 HEADSEL head select out
34 DSKCHG disk change m
ODDPINS GND groundsignal
40 Multifunction Connector,J6 The Multifunctionconnector on J6 implementsthe following functions: . Speakeroutput . AT keyboard . Systemreset input . WatchdogTimer output . Battery Input . Programmingvoltage input The following table givesthe pinout of the Multifunction connector.
MultifunctionGonnector, J6 Pin Signal Function in/out I SPKR+ Speaker output out 2 SPKR- Speakeroutput out
J RESET External reset in 4 WD Watchdogoutput out 5 KBD KeyboardData in 6 KBC Kevboard Clock out GND Ground 8 KBP Keyboard Power out 9 BAT Battery input in 10 Vpp Vpp forprogmmming +12 volt rn SSD and BIOS
Facing the connectorpins, the pinout is:
97531
BAT GND KBD RESET SPKR+
vpp KBP KBC WD SPKR-
108642
Speaker A speakeroutput is available on two pins of the Multifunction connector.These outputs are con- trolledby a transistorto supply 0.1 watt ofpower to an extemal speaker.The external speakershould have 8 ohm impedance.
Keyboard An AT compatible keyboard can be connectedto the Multifunction connector.Usually PC key- 'DIN' boards come with a cable ending with a 5-pin male connector.The following table lists the 'DIN' relationship between the Multifunction connectorpins and a standard keyboard connector.
41 To ensurecorrect operation, check that the keyboard is either an AT compatible keyboard or a swit- chable XT/AT keyboard set to AT mode. Switchable keyboards are usually set by a switch on the back or bottom ofthe keyboard.
Keyboard Gonnector Pin Signal Function DIN ) KBD Keyboard Data 2 6 KBC KevboardClock I 7 GND Ground 4 8 KBP Keyboard Power 5
System Reset Pin 3 of the multifunction connector allows connection of an extemal pushbutton to manually reset the system. The pushbutton should be normally open, and connect to ground when pushed.
The reset input on pin 3 is intended for momentary use to reset the cpu- Module. Holding this reset input active for an extendedperiod is not recommendedand may damagethe cpuModule.
lVatchdog Timer The active-high Watchdog signal generated on the cpuModule is available on pin 4 of the multifunc- tion connector.TheWatchdog time-out period is 1.2 seconds.If the Watchdog timer is not resetwith- in that period, it the Watchdog signal is assertedand the cpuModule is reset. See |l/atchdog Timer Control on page 79 for more information on controlling the Watchdog Timer.
Battery Pin 9 of the multifunction connector is the connection for an external backup battery (in the range 2.40Y to 4.15V; typically 3.6V). This battery is used by the cpuModule when system power is re- moved, to: . preserve the date and time in the Real Time Clock . preserve information stored in Static RAM in the Solid State Disk If you wish to back-up Static RAMs in the Solid StateDisk, pleasenote that: . jumpers JP3 and JP5 must be correctly set; seeStoring Applications On-board on page 84 . SSD backup requires considerablebattery power; you may require alarger backup battery than supplied with the cable kit
Programming Voltage, Vpp Pin l0 of the Multifunction connector is used when programrning 12 voltFlash EPROMs in the SSD, or when reprogramming the BIOS. You must supply this pin with a programming voltage, Vpp, of I?VDC +/- 5ohto program these devices.
42 Refer to Storing Applications On-board onpage 84 and BIOS Build Utility (BIOSBLD.EXE) on page 101 formore information.
NOTE! Once programming voltage is applied to pin 10 of the Multifunction connector.it still must be enabledto the individual SSD sockets:
Jumper JP4 pins 5-6 enableprogramming voltage to SSD socket U9. Jumper JP5 pins 5-6 enableprogramming voltage to SSD socket U10.
43 PC/104Bus, JB and J7 ConnectorsJ8 and J8 carry signals of the PC/104 bus; these signals match definitions of the IEEE P996 standard.The following tables list the pinouts of the PC/104 bus corurectors. The following table lists the signals of the XT portion of the PC/104 bus.
PCl104XT Bus Connector,J8 Pin RowA Row B I N.C. OV 2 SD7 RESETDRV
J SD6 +5V 4 SD5 IRQ2 5 SD4 -5V 6 SD3 DRQ2 SD2 -lzv 8 SDl N.C. 9 SDO +l2Y l0 IOCHRDY (Keying prn) l1 AEN SMEMW* t2 SA19 SMEMR* 13 SAI8 IOW* t4 SAIT IOR* 15 SAI6 DACK3* 16 SAI5 DRQ3 17 SA14 DACKI* t8 SA13 DRQl l9 SAI2 REFRESH* 20 SAII SYSCLK 2l SAIO rRQT 22 SA9 RQ6 23 SA8 RQ5 24 SA7 RQ4 25 SA6 rRQ3 26 SA5 DACK2* 27 SA4 TC 28 sA3 BALE 29 SA2 +5V 30 SAI OSC 3l SAO OV 32 OV OV
44 The following table lists signals of the AT portion of the PCl104 bus.
PCl104AT Bus Gonnector,J7 Pin Row G Row D
I OV OV
2 SBHE* MEMCSI6*
a J LA23 IOCS16*
4 LA22 IRQI0
) LA2I IRQl1
6 LA2O rRQ12
LA19 IRQI5
8 LAl8 IRQl4
9 LAIT DACKO*
l0 MEMR{. DRQ0
ll MEMW* DACK5*
t2 SD8 DRQ5
l3 SD9 DACK6*
T4 SDIO DRQ6
t5 SDII DACKT*
L6 SD12 DRQT
t7 SDI3 +5V*
l8 SD14 MASTER*
l9 SDI5 OV
20 (Keying pin) 0v
Notes:
Keying pin positions are blanked to prevent misalignment of stackedmodules. This is a feature of the PC/I04 specification and should be implemented on all mating PC/l04 modules. Signals marked with (*) are active-low. All bus lines can drive a maximum current of 6mA at TTL voltase levels.
45 PCllO4 Bus Signals The following table containsbrief descriptionsof the PCllD bus signals.
Signal r/o Description
AEN o Address ENable: when this line is active (high), it means a DMA hansfer is being performed and thereforethe DMA controller has con- trol over the data bus, the addressbus, and the control lines.
BALE o Bus Address Latch Enable, active high. When active, it indicates that addresslines SA0 to SA19 are valid.
DACKx* o DMA ACKnowledge x:0-7, active low, used to acknowledge DMA requests.
DRQx I DMA Requestx:0-7: theseare asynchronouslines usedby peripheral devicesto requestDMA service. They have increasingpriority from DRQ0 up to DRQ7. A DMA requestis performed by setting the DRQ line high and keeprng it high until the corresponding DACK line is ac- tivated.
ENDXFR* vo This is the only synchronoussignal of the PC/104 bus and it is active low. It indicates that the current bus cycle must be performed with 0 wait states.It is used onlv for l6-bitboards.
IOCHCHK* I VO Channel Check, active low, indicates an error condition that can- not be corrected.
IOCHRDY I VO CharmelReady: this line, usuallyhigh (ready)is pulledto a low levelby deviceswhich needlonger bus cycles.
IOCSI6* I VO Chip Select 16-bit: this line, active low, is controlled by devices mappedin the VO addressspace. It indicatesthey have a l6-bit bus width.
IOR* O VO Read, active low, indicates when the devicespres€nt on the bus can send their information on the data bus.
IOW* o VO Write, active low. When active, it allows the peripheral devicesto read data present on the data bus.
IRQx I Intemrpt Request: x : 2 to 75, active on rising edge. IRQ 15 has top priority; the other lines have decreasingpriority starting from IRQ14 downto IRQ2. An intemrptrequest is performedby changing the lev- el of the corresponding line from low to high and keeping it high until the microprocessorhas recognisedit.
KEY N/A Theselocations contain mechanicalkeying pins to help prevent incor- rect connector insertion.
LA23..LAI7 o Thesesignals select a l2Skbyte window in the l6Mbyte addressspace available on the bus.
46 MASTER* I During a DMA cycle, this active-low signal, indicates that a resource on the bus is about to drive the dataand addresslines.
MEMCSI6* I Memory Chip Select l6-bit: this line, active low, is controlled by de- vices mapped in the memory addressspace and indicates they have a 16-bit bus width.
MEMR* vo This active-low signal indicatesa memory read operation.Devices us- ing this signal must decodethe addresson lines LA23..LAI7 and SA19..SAO.
MEMW* vo This active-low signal indicates a memory write operation. Devices using this signal must decodethe addresson lines LA23..LAl7 and, SAI9..SAO.
OSC o OSCillator: clock with a 70 ns period and a 50% duty cycle. It is a 14.31 8 I 8MHz always presents.
REFRESH* o This line is activelow andindicates that the currentbus cycleis a DRAM refreshcycle. The refresh cycles are activated every 15 micro- seconds.
RESETDRV o This line, active high, is usedto resetthe deviceson the bus, at power- on or after a reset command. sA0..19 o Addressbits 0 to 19:these lines are used to addressthe memory space andthe VO space.SA0 is the leastsignificant bit while SA19is the mostsignificant bit.
SBHE,I. o This active-low signal indicatesa tansfer of the most significant data byte (SD15..SD8). sD8..15 vo Data bits: these are the high-bye data bus lines. SD8 is the least sig- nificant bit; SDl5 the most significant bit. sD0..7 UO Data bits: these are the low-byte data bus lines. SDOis the least sig- nifrcant bit; SD7 the most significant bit.
SMEMR* o Memory Readcommand, active low.
SMEMW* o Memory Write command,active low.
SYSCLK o SystemClock, 8.0MHz with a 50Yoduty cycle. Only driven during ex- ternal bus cycles.
TC o Terminal Count: this line is active high and indicates the conclusion of a DMA transfer.
47 PCllOABus Termination Termination of PC/104 bus signals is not recommendedand may causemalfirnctions of the cpuMod- ule. If termination must be applied, it should be a seriestermination of a resistor and capacitor,not exceeding40-60 ohms and 30-70 pF, between each signal and ground.
48 Cnnpren 4: GOTrIGURINGTHE CPUMODULE
This chapter contains information to configure the cpuModule. Topics coveted in this chapter include: . Configurationjumpers . Adding SSD Memory . Adding a Math Coprocessor 'Configuring Using the Setup Program
49 Configuring Hardware
50 Jumpers Many cpuModule options are configured by positioning jumpers. Jumpersare labeled on the board (JP' as followed by a number. Somejumpers are three pins, allowing three settings:
. pins I and2 connected(indicated as "1-2") . pins 2and3 connected(indicatedas"2-3") . nopins connected.
troo
Somejumpers are two-pin, allowing two settings:
. pins I and2 connected(indicated as "closed") . pins I and2 un-connected(indicated as "open") rt2
Other jumpers are six-pin, allowing pins to be connectedin one of three pairs:
pins I and 2 connected(indicated as "l-2") pins 3 and 4 connected(indicated as "3-4") pins 5 and 6 connected(indicated as "5-6")
ooo troo
Six pin jumperson this cpuModuledo not useother positions, such as 1-3,3-5,2-4, or 4-6. InstallingSSD Memory or a Co-processor This section explains how to add devicesto the cpuModule. This procedureis only necessarywhen you wish to add or change: . Solid StateDisk memory devices . Math Co-processor
Installing SSDMemory You may wish to install SSD memory to use the cpuModule as a "diskless" stand-alonedevice. Refer to llays to Use the Solid State Disk Sockets onpage 85 for more information on various SSD device types. Solid StateDisk memories are placed in socketsU9 and Ul0. Generally, the device type and size in the first socket do not have to match the device type and size in the secondsocket. When implementing the Solid StateDisk, you must always follow theserules: . The first socketmust be filled before the secondsocket can be used; . When using two SRAMs or two NOVRAMs, both devicesmust be the same size; . When using both aConventional SSD and a BIOS Extension device in the cpuModule, the Conventional SSD must go into they'rsr socket; . Generally, only one BIOS Extension device (like M-System's DiskOnChip or MCSI PromDisk) may be used at a time.
52 The following table lists possible configurations for the first socket of the SSD and the correspond- ing jumpers which must be set:
Jumpersfor First SSDSocket, U9CMi386sx33 or CMi486sxlc66 Part Type Operation Capacity JP2 JP3 Notes Atmel 5V Flash 29C0t0A read/write I28KB l-2 t-2 29C040A read/write 512KB t-2 t-2 BIOSExtension DiskOnChipand read/write to 12MB+ 3-4 I-2 Devices PromDisk NOVRAM DS1645Y read/write 128K8 3-4 t-2 DSI65OY read./write 5I2KB t-2 t-2 SRAM I2SKB read/write I28KB 3-4 l-2 no backup 3-4 2-3 batterybackup 512KB read/write 5I2KB t-2 t-2 no backup t-2 2-3 batterybackup l2V Flash 28F010 read-only 128KB 5-6 t-2 prograrnrmng 3-4 7-2 read-only 28F020 read-only 256KB 5-6 1-2 programming 3-4 t-2 read-only AMD 5V Flash 29F010 read-only 128K8 L-2 t-2 program or read 29F040 read-only 5I2KB t-2 l-2 program or read EPROM 27C010 read-only I28KB 3-4 l-2 27C020 read-only 256K8 3-4 l-2 27C040 read-only 5I2KB 3-4 l-2 27C080 read-only lMB t-2 t-2 The following table lists possible configurations for the second socket of the SSD and the corre- spondingjumpers which must be set:
Jumpersfor SecondSSD Socket, Ul0
Type Part Operation Gapacity JP4 JP5 Notes
Atrnel 5V Flash 29C010A read/write 128KB l-2 t-2 29C0404 read/write 5I2KB t-2 t-2 BIOSExtension DiskOnChipand readlwrite to 12MB+ 3-4 t-2 Devices PromDisk NOVRAM DS1645Y read./write 128K8 3-4 r-2 DSI65OY read/write 512KB r-2 t-2 SRAM I28KB read/write I28KB 3-4 t-2 no backup 3-4 2-3 batterybackup 512K8 read/write 5I2KB t-2 t-2 no backup t-2 2-3 batterybackup 12VFlash 28F010 read-only I28KB 5-6 t-2 pfogranrmmg 3-4 t-2 read-only 28F020 read-only 256r
55 Configuring with the Setup program The cpuModuleSetup program allows you to customizethe cpuModule'sconfiguration. Selections madein Setupare stored on theboard and read by the BIOS at power-on. Setupfor this cpuModuleis calledATSET. It is in threeplaces: . In the board'sBIOS ROM, activatedby the {Delete}key duringboot . In the Utility SSDprovided in the first SSDsocket . On the utility disk suppli0dwith the cpuModule. The following sectionexplains how to startSetup. Starting Y'uSetupcan- :ft*{*M H#,["H ;:ilI*ii:,, *' . Boot thecpuModule, change to a diskettecontaining ATSET.EXE, and run ATSET. Whenyou arefrnished with Setup,save your changesand exit. If you areusing Setupfromthe BIOS, the systemwill automaticallyreboot. Otherwise, you mustmanually do a hardreset, by pushingthe resetpushbutton or cyclingpower. Ifjumper JP6was installed, make sure you turn off the cpuModule,remove the jumper, and reboot so the changesare recognized.
Using the Setap Program All displaysin Setupconsist of two areas.The upper area lists the availableselections. The lower areadisplays help messages which you shouldalways read.
Main Menu Options Fromthe Main menu,you rnaychoose: . Standard Setup to accesscourmonly used settings for the keyboard, floppy drives, hard disks,and SSD. . Advanced Setupto accessless-used settings for memory, the SSD, and error-handling. . Save Changesand Exitto saveyour changesand exit Setup. . Exit llithout Saving Changesto leave Setup without saving your changes. Normally you will use the first two selections to make shanges to the cpuModule configuration, then use the Save Changesand Exit selection. The version of Setup in the BIOS ROM will automatically causea hard reset after you exit. The DOS version of Setup (in the utility SSD and on floppy disk) has two addedoptions:
. Read settings from a File which reads settings from a file on a disk . Saye Settings to a File which saves settings to a file on disk These allow users to configure large numbers of modules without manually entering the settings each time. The following sectionsdescribe each of these choices in detail.
56 Field Selection You move between fields in Setup using the keys listed below.
Setup Keys Key Function v selectsnext field ,n selectsprevious field {rAB} selectsnext field on the rieht or first freld ofnext line t selectsnext value in field € selectsformer value in field
{ESC} refurns to maln m€nu
Standard Setup Fields The following is an alphabeticallist of StandardSetup fields.
StandardSetup Fields
Field Active keys Selections
Boot Device €) Selectsthe primary boot device. Possible selections: . Floppy Disk . SSD (Solid StateDisk) . Hard Disk
. This selectsthe device from which system boot is first attempted. . Hard Disk is used to boot from Hard Disk or a BIOS Extension (such as DiskOnChip) de- vice in an SSD socket.
Date {0..e},{J} Sets the date with the format: . month / day lyear . You must connect a backup battery, or this setting will be lost at power down.
5l Hard disk I type {0..e}{J} Selectsthe first hard disk type. Selectionsare: Hard disk I table . Not Installed . Standard: (drives under 1024 Cylinders) . LBA: (drives over 1024 Cylinders) . Serial: for Virtual Devices mode.
. When using Standard, manually enter param- etersunder Hard Disk I Table. . When using LBA, first select Standard, enter parametersunder Hard Disk I Table, then changeto LBA. New parameterswill be cal- culated automaticallv.
Hard disk 2 type €) Selectsthe secondhard disk type. Selectionsare: . {0..e}{J} Not Installed Hard disk 2table . Standard:(drives under 1024 Cylinders) . LBA: (drives over 1024 Cylinders)
. When using Standard, manually enter param- etersunder Hard Disk 2Table. . When using LBA, frst select Standard,enter parametersunder Hard Disk 2 Table, then changeto LBA. New parameterswill be cal- culated automaticallv.
FloppyDisk 1 €t Selectsthe formatof floppy disk l: Selectionsare: . 360KB - 720K8 . l.2MB . 1.44M8 . Serial(Used in Virtual Devicesmode)
FloppyDisk 2 €t Selectsthe formatof floppy disk 2: Selectionsare: . 360KB . 720K8 . 1.2MB . 1.44M
Serial Port Jl €t Selectsthe addressand type ofthe fust serial port. Selectionsare: o RS232 at 03F8H (default) o RS232at03E8H o R5422 at 03F8H o RS422at03E8H o RS485at03F8H o RS485at 03E8H r Disabled
. Jumpersmust also be configured for RS232/ 4221485selection. . RS232422485 selectionis onlv available on this serial port. Serial Port J2 €t Selectsthe addressofthe second serial pod. Selectionsare: o 03F8H o 02F8H (default) r 03E8H o 02E8H o Disabled
Keyboard €t Selectsthe keyboard mode. Selectionsare: . Disabled . ATkey: AT keyboard present . Serial (Used in Virtual Devices mode)
Memorv Size €t Selectsthe size of installed dynamic RAM (DRAM). . Selectionsare 2Mbytes . 4Mbytes (standard)
Selecting an incorrect value may causemalfunc- tions.
Parallel Port €t Selectsparallel port addressand mode. Selectionsare: . 0278H Uni-Dir . 0378H Uni-Dir . 0278H Bi-Dir . 0378H Bi-Dir (default) . Disabled
. Selectionswith "Uni-Dir" selectuni-direc- tional (output-only) operation. . Selectionswith"Bi-Dir"selectbi-directional (input/output) operation.
SolidState Disk €t Enablesor disablesSolid StateDisk (SSD). Selectionsare: . Enabled . Disabled
SSD should be disabledwhen using only a BIOS Extension device in the SSD sockets.
SSD device type must be set in the Advanced Set- up screen.
Time {0...9},{J} Setsthe time with the format: . hours: minutes: seconds
You must connecta backupbattery or this setting will be lost at powerdown. Video State €t Selectsvideo mode. Selectionsare: . Monochrome . CGA,40by25 . CGA, 80 by 25 . EGA/VGA . Serial (Used in Virtual Devices mode) . Not Installed 'Not Selecting Installed' will not prevent accesses to the video controller, which may causeunpre- dictable results.
Advanced Setup Fields The following is a list of Advanced Setup fields.
Advanced Setup Fields
Fietd Active keys Selections
SSD Device in €t Selectsthe device type installed in the fust SSD U9 socket.
. The setting here must match the actual device installed in the socket. . JumpersJP2 and JP3 must be set correctly.
SSD Device in €t Selectsthe device type installed in the secondSSD ul0 socket.
. The setting here must match the actual device installed in the socket. . JumpersJP4 and JP5 must be set correctly.
SSDWindow ct Selectsthe 32Kbyte addressrange where the SSD is mapped. Selectionsare: . D0000H to DTFFFH . D8000H to DFFFFH . E0000HtoE7FFFH . E8000HtoEFFFFH
When selectingthe addressrange, you must ensure that: . no other devicesare mapped to the samememo- ry addresses . shadow memory is not enabled at the same memory addresses . selectiondoes not conflict with selection of BIOS EXT@D000 / D800 / 8000 / E800 Shadow BIOS €t Enablesshadowing of the BIOS and memory. Shadow C0000 Selectionsare: Shadow C8000 . Enabled:addressrangeiscopied(shadowed)to Shadow D0000 RAM. Shadow E0000 . Disabled: addressrange remains mapped on the bus.
In DOS systems,addresses between A0000H and FFFFFH are usually reservedfor devicesmapped on the bus. Accessesto theseaddresses are slower than accessesto system memory GAM). The shad- ow options copy code from these addressesinto RAM, improving generalperformance of the sys- tem.
Addressesbetween A0000H and FFFFFH have been divided into five areas.Shadowing can be en- abled or disabled for each area.
QuickBoot €t EnablesQuickBoot: . Enabled . Disabled
QuickBoot bypassesmost power-on hardwaretests to achieve faster booting of the cpuModule.
. QuickBoot should only be enabledfor systems which have been fully tested and are known to have properly-operating components.
Boot Type €t Selectsboot type. Selectionsare: . Standard: Will perform RAM scan/checking . Quick: Will skip RAM scan/checking
ChipsetError €) Defines reaction to errors in microprocessor,copro- cessor, timer, or DMA and intemrpt controller ini- tialization. ON: prints error waming OFF: continue without warnins
Memory error €t Defines reaction to errors during memory tests. ON: prints error warning OFF: continue without waming
This setting only applies during the following pow- er-on tests: . memory size (base and extended) . memory test (baseand extended)
Video Error €t Defines reaction to video initialization errors: ON: prints error waming OFF: continue without wamine Keyboard Error €) Defines reaction to keyboard initialization enors. ON: prints error waming OFF: continue without wamins
FloppyEnor €t Defines reaction to floppy drive errors. ON: prints error waming OFF: continue without warning
Hard Disk Error €t Defines reaction to hard disk errors. ON: prints error waming OFF: continue without warning
RTC Enor €) Defines reaction to Real Time Clock initialization enors. ON: prints error waming OFF: continue without warning
. When off is selected.the time and date default to 00:00:00and 0l/01/1990 in caseofan error
for Set- €t Determines whether pressing the {Delete} key dur- up ing boot will run the Setup program. . Enable . Disable
. In somecases itmaybe desirableto disablethis feature. . To re-enablethe {Delete} key, insert JP6 and re-boot the cpuModule, then changethis set- ting.
Remap384K €) Enablesremapping of addressesbetween A0000H and 9FFFFH. Selectionsare: o Enabled o Disabled
DOS uses640Kbytes of memory, mapped from 00000h to 9FFFFH. Addressesfrom A0000H and FFFFFH are used by other devices(video, LAN, BIOS, etc.), but there is also DRAM mappedin that space.To avoid wasting that DRAM, it can be remapped at the end of available memory.
. Remap and shadow options affect the same memory area,so selectingone excludesthe oth- er.
Save Changes and Exit If you select this menu iterrq your changes are stored on the cpuModule. If you were running Setup from the BIOS ROM, the cpuModule automatically reboots.Changes will becomeeffective the next time the cpuModule boots, as long asjumper JP6 is removed.
62 Exit lYithout Saving Changes If you select this menu item, your changesare not stored on the cpuModule. If you were running Setup from the BIOS ROM, the cpuModule automatically reboots.Nothing in the cpuModule con- figuration will be changed,even after the reboot.
Read Settingsfrom a File If you select this menu iterrl you are prompted for a file which contains settingsto be loaded. The settingswill not be savedto the board unless you select Save Changesand Exit.
Save Settings to a File If you select this menu item, you are prompted for the name of a file to which seffingswill be saved (a file name with extension).These settingsmay be moved to anothercpuModule, or used to con- figure a number of cpuModules identically.
63
Gnnpren5: UstttcrHE cPuMooule
This chapterprovides information for users who wish to develop their own applications programs for the cpuModule. This chapter includes information on the following topics: . Memorymap . VO Address map . Intemrpts . Power On Self Tests (POSTs) . SystemFunctions (EEPROM, Watchdog Timer, Real Time Clock) . Virtual Devices . Storing Applications in Solid StateDisk . Utility Programs(SSD and BIOSBLD)
65 Memory Map Themodule addresses memory using 24 addresslines. This allowsa maximumof 224locations, or 16Megabytes of memory. Thetable below shows how memoryin the first megabyteis allocatedin the system.
First MegabyteMemory Map_ FFFFFII- BIOS in FlashEPROM F',0000H EFFFFH- User memory spacewhich normally contains the Setuppro- E0000H gram. Withjumper JP8removed, this rangeis mappedinto the BIOS EPROM and is not available for other uses. DFFFFII- Usermemory space . Usually, memory between C0000H and c0000H CTFFFHis usedfor the BIOS of add-onVGA videocards. BFFFFH. Normallyused for videoRAM asfollows: A0000H CGA 0B8000Hto 0BFFFFH EGA/VGA 0A0000Hto 0AFFFFH Monochrome 080000Hto 0BTFFFH 9f,'FFFH- DOSreserved memory area 00502H 00s01H- BIOS data area 00400H OO3FFH- Intemrpt vector area 00000H
Memory beyond the first megabyte can be accessedin protected mode, by using EMS or a similar memory manager. See your OS or programming language references for information on memory managers.
66 Input/OutputAddress Map As with all standardPC/104 boards,the InpuVOutput (I/O) spaceis addressedby 10 addresslines (SA0-SA9). This allows 2r0 or 1024distinct VO addresses.Any add-on modules you install must therefore use I/O addressesin the range 0-1024 (decimal) or 000-FFF (hex).
If you add any PC/104 modules or other peripheralsto the systemyou must ensurethey do not use reservedaddresses listed below, or mal- functions will occur.
The table below lists VO addressesreserved for the cpuModule.
l/OAddresses Reserved for the cpuModule
Address Range Bytes Device
000H-0OFH t6 DMA Controller
010H-01FH l0 ReservedFor CPU
020H-02rH 2 Intemrpt Controller #1
022H-02FH t3 Reserved
040H-043H 4 Timer
060H-064H 5 Kevboard Interface
070H-071H 2 RealTime Clockport
080H-08FH t6 DMA page register
OAOH-OA1H 2 Intemrpt controller #2
OCOH-ODFH 32 DMA controller #2
OECH-OEFH J Reserved
OFOH-OFFH t6 Math co-processor
IFOH-IFFH t6 Hard disk I
2F8H-2FFH 8 Serial port 2
378H-37FH 8 Parallelport 3
3BCH-3BFH 4 Parallel port 3
3E8H-3EFH 8 Serialport 2
3FOH-3F7H 8 Floppy disk I
3F8H-3FFH 8 Serial port 2
67 ' If the floppy and/or hard drive controllers are disabled, the VO addresseslisted will not be occu- pied. 2 Only one of the VO addressesshown for a Serial port is active at any time. You can use Setup to select which one is active or to disable it entirely. 3 Ottly one of the VO addressesshown for the Parallel printer port is active at any time. You can use Setup to select which one is active or to disable it entirely.
68 HardwareInterrupts
If you add any PCllO4 modules or other peripheralsto the system you must ensurethey do not\se intemrpts neededby the cpuModule, or malfunctions will occur
The cpuModule supportsthe standardPC intemrpts. Theseare listed below. Intemrpts not in useby hardware on the cpuModule itself are listed as 'available'..
HardwareInterrupts Used on the cpuModule
Interrupt NormalUse Source
0 Timer 0 VLSI chipset
I Keyboard VLSI chipset
2 Cascade VLSI chipset
a J COM2 VO chip
4 COMl VO chip
5 available XT bus
6 Floppy VO chip
Printer I/O chip
8 Real Time Clock VLSI chipset
9 available XT bus
10 available AT bus
ll available AT bus
12 available AT bus
t4 Primary IDE hard disk ' VO chip
l5 available ATbus
' Hard disk intemrpt, INT14, is available for use if no hard disk drive is presentin the system. The BIOS The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is software that interfaceshardware-specific features of the cpuModule to an operating system(OS). Physically, the BIOS software is stored in a Flash EPROM on the cpuModule. Functions of the BIOS are divided into two parts: The first part of the BIOS is known as POST (Power-On Self-Test) sofifwate,and it is active from the time power is applied until an OS boots (begins execution). POST software performs a seriesof hardware tests, setsup the machine as defined in Setup, and begins the boot of the OS; The secondpart of the BIOS is known as the CORE BIOS. It is the normal interface between cpu- Module hardware and the operating system which is in control. It is active from the time the OS boots until the cpuModule is tumed off. The CORE BIOS provides the system with a seriesof soft- ware intemrpts to control various hardware devices. The following sectionsdiscuss the sectionsof the BIOS in more detail and describefeatures of the BIOS which may be useful to you in developing applications.
70 Power On Self Tests (POSTS) When you tum on systempower, the BIOS performs a seriesof tests and initializations. Each test or initialization step is identifred by a numeric "POSTUcode written to I/O address80H and 378H. These codescan be displayed using a commercially available 'POST code display board". The fol- lowing table lists the POST codesexpressed in hexadecimal,with their correspondingmeanings.
BIOSPOST code list Code Meaning 00H CPU validation 0lH CPU test 02H Component default programming 03H Timer initialization 04H Refreshline test 05H BIOS EPROMtest 06H Kevboard controller test 07H First 64K RAM test 08H EEPROMtest 09H 0F0000H-0FFFFFH shadowmemory test OAH DMA and intemrpt controller initializations OBH Video device test OCH Timer #2 test ODH DMA controller#l test OEH DMA controller #2 test OFH DMA pagecontrol registers test l0H Intemrpt controller #1 test llH Intemrpt conholler #2 test t2H Shutdownbvte test l3H Intemrpt line 0 test l4H Kevboard test l5H Protected-modeswitch test l6H Basememory size t7H Expandedmemory size l8H Base memorv test l9H Expandedmemory test IAH Co-processortest IBH Real Time Clock test ICH IRQ line test 1DH Parallel port test IEH Floppydisk test IFH Hard disk test 20H Serial port test 2lH Mouse test 22H ShadowRAM test
71 Errors While Booting If an erroroccurs while the systemis bootingand performing the PowerOn Self Tests,the system will respondin oneofseveral ways. Its responsedepends on whattype oferror occurredand on cer- tain selectionsmade in Setup. Any errorencountered in POSTI through7 causesthe module to halt. Errors encounteredafter POST 7 are dealt with according to settingsmade in Setup: . With an errot set to OFF in the Setup, a messageis displayed on the screenand the speakerbeeps. The boot continuesifpossible. . With an error set to ON in the Setup,a messageis displayed on the screen(if possible) and you are askedfor confirmation before the boot continues. If an error is detectedin the EEPROM test (POST code 8) the system setsitself according to the de- fault configuration presentedin the following section.In that case,the system displays the detected errors and waits for confirmation before the boot continues.
When an error occurs and you are asked for confirmation to continue the boot, the {F I } key must be pressedto continue.
72 DefaultConfiguration In addition to the Setup configuration stored on the board, the cpuModule has a permanent default configuration. The system will resort to using this default configuration in two situations: . An erroroccurs when accessing the EEPROMwhich holds the Setupon the module. . You forceuse of the defaultconfiguration, as explained in the following section. The defaultconfiguration is listedbelow.
BIOSDefault Confi guration Function Defaultselection Chipseterror on Hard disk I not installed Hard disk 2 not installed Boot device Atnel Flash/ Floppy FloppyDrive I 3.5"1.44 Meg Floppy Drive 2 not installed FloppyEnor off Hard disk Error off Serialport 1 RS232at 3F8H Serialport 2 disabled Keyboard AT KevboardError off Memorv Error on MemorySize 2M3 Parallel Port LPTI at378H 384Kremap disabled RealTime Clock Error off Shadow options disabled Solid StateDisk enabled SSD socket I 512KB Atrnel Flash SSDsocket 2 none SSD window D0000H Video State EGA/VGA VideoEn off
-a It Bypassingthe StoredConfiguration Under certain circumstances,you may want to bypassthe configuration stored on the board. To do this: . Insert jumper JP6. This will force the cpuModule to boot using the default configu-
. Pressthe {Delete}key to enterSetup. You canthen reconfigure the cpuModulecorrectly using Setup. SeeStoring Applicstions On-board onpage84 for the locationsand functionsofjumpers. BIOS Routinesfor HardwareControl The cpuModule BIOS provides several routines which you may find useful to control hardware in your application programs. Becausethey control hardware which is specific to this cpuModule, theseroutines are also specifrc to this cpuModule. Routines are provided for: . EEPROM Control . Watchdog Timer Control The following sectionsdescribe these functions in detail. EEPROM Control The cpuModuleis equippedwith an EEPROM,or "ElectricallyErasable and Programmable Read Only Memory". This part is primarily usedto storethe configurationfrom the Setupprogram. You canalso use this part for non-volatilestorage of a smallamount of data.Its contentsare retained even with systempower offand no backupbattery connected. The EEPROMconsists of 1024bits organizedas 64 wordsof sixteenbits each.Thirty-two words areused by the BIOS to storeSetup information. The remaining 32 wordsare available to your ap- plications.You mayaccess these memory locations using functions of softwareintemrpt 52H, which arelisted below.
NOTE! The EEPROM will wear out after a large number of write cycles. You should not vse the EEPROM to hold data which is updated frequently.
To prevent unintended changes to the Setup stored in the EEPROM, we recommend you always accessthe EEPROM using the intemrpt functions listed below
Function 0 EEPROM write/eraseenable. It is active until the next disable command and allows the device to be written and erased.
INPUTS: AH:0
RETURNS: AH: error code
Function I EEPROM write/erasedisable. This instruction must always be the last operation performed, to prevent undesiredEEPROM access.
INPUTS: AH: 1
RETURNS: AH: error code
Function 2 EEPROM read.Reads from the device address specified in AL the number of words specified in CX, then storesthe read values into the buffer addressedby ES:DI
INPUTS: AH:2 AL: address(0-3FH accepted) CX : numberof wordsto read ES:DI : pointerto the bufferwhere the readvalues are stored
RETURNS: AH : error code; if AH<>O. then AL : number of locations read
Function 3 EEPROM write. Writes at the device addressspecified in AL, for the number of words specified in CX, the valuespointed by D S: SI. Does not allow write operationsat locations 0 to lFH, which are reserved.
76 INPUTS: AH:3 AL: word address(20H-3FH accepted) CX : number of words to read DS:SI: pointer to the buffer where the read values are stored
RETURNS: AH : error code; if AH<>0, then AL: nurnber of locations writ- ten
Function 4 EEPROM verify. Verifies that the values contained in the device at the addressspecifred by AL, for the number of words specified in CX, match the values in the buffer pointed to by ES:DI
INPUTS: AH:4 AL : word address(0-3FH accepted) CX: number of words to read ES:DI : pointer to the buffer where the read values are stored
RETTIRNS: AH:error code if AH: FF, thenAL : addresswhere the comparefailed
Function 5 EEPROM Erase.Erases words, starting fromthe addressspecified in AL, for the length specified in CX
INPUTS: AH:5 AL: wordaddress 20H-3FH accepted) CX: numberof wordsto read
RETURNS: AH : error code; if AH+ 0, then AL: number of locations erased
Error codes Errors detected by intemrpt 52}J are returned in register AH with ttre following code:
registerAH: 00H no errors 10H accessattempted to locations reservedby the BIOS 20H invalid address 40H illegal command 80H time-out FFH error in verify procedure
When you perform simple EEPROM read operations, you do not need to enable the EEPROM and can use the BIOS read command (function 2) directly. When you perform EEPROM write operations,you must perform a correct write cycle as follows: . enablethe EEPROM . erasethe relevant locations . write the relevant locations . disable the EEPROM . verify that the write operation has been correctly performed
77 An exampleBASIC programillustrating EEPROM access is in the file CMI_EE.BASon the cpu- Moduleutility disk.
78 Watchdog Timer Control The cpuModule includes a Watchdog Timer, which provides protection againstprograms "hanging", or getling stuck in an execution loop where they cannot respond conectly. When enabled,the Watchdog Timer must be periodically resetby your application program. If it is not resetbefore the timeout period of 1.2 secondsexpires, it will causea reset of the cpuModule. Three functions have been implemented on the cpuModule for Watchdog Timer control. These are: . Watchdog Timer enable . Watchdog Timer disable . Watchdog Timer reset You may control the watchdog timer using functions of software intemrpt 52H listed below.
FunctionOCH Watchdog Timer enable INPUTS: AH:OCH RETURNS: None
Function ODH WatchdoeTimer disable INPUTS: AH: ODH RETURNS: None
tr'unctionOEH Watchdog Timer reset INPUTS: AH: OEH RETURNS: None
79 Di rect Hardware Control Some of the cpuModule hardwareis controlled directly without using BIOS routines. Theseinclude: . Real Time Clock Conhol . Parallel Port Control The following sectionsdescribe use of these features.
80 Real Time Clock Control The cpuModule is equippedwith a Real Time Clock (RTC) which provides system date and time functions, and also provides 64 non-volatile memory locations. The contents of thesememory loca- tions are retained whenever an external backup baftery is connected,whether or not systempower is connected.These locations are RAM, and do not wear out as the EEPROM locations do. You may accessthe RTC date, time, and memory using an index and data register at VO addresses 70h and 7lh. Address 70h is the Index register. It must be written with the number of the register to read or write. Refer to the map below for valid choicesfor the index. Data is then written to or read from the selectedregister by writing or reading (respectively) the data register at address7lh.
Do not changevalues stored in the RTC registerslisted as RESERVEDin the table below. Doing so will interferewith proper cpuModuleoperation.
Registersof the Real Time Clock are shown below:.
RealTime Glock Registers Registers Registers Numberof Function (hex) (decimal) Bytes
00h 0 BCD Seconds
02h 2 BCD Minutes
04h 4 1 BCD Hours
06h 6 I Day of week
07h I Dav of month
08h 8 I Month
09h 9 I Year
0A-3lh t0-49 40 RESERVED- Do not modifv!
32h 50 I BCD Century
33-3Fh 5l-63 l3 RESERVED - Do not modify!
40-7Fh 64-t27 64 UserRAM
RTC accessis illustrated in the following QuickBasic program fragment: input "Enteraddress to write:", iolo input "Entervalue to write:",jolo output&h70,iYo output&h71, j%
output&h70,1% j%: input(&h7l) print "Readback value ",7o/o;"at address" j7o
81 Parallel Port Control The parallel port may be operated in bi-directional (inpuVoutput) or unidirectional (output only) modes. The mode may be selectedin Setup, or by application software. An example BASIC progmm illustrating control and accessto the parallel port is in frle CMI,PAR.BAS onthe utility disk.
82 ProcessorClock Control The processorclock may be changedby application software. You can reduce cpuModule power consumptionby reducing the processorspeed. You can even switch processorspeed up and down during program execution, allowing full processingspeed when needed,and lower power consump- tion at other times. Additional stepsare neededto changeclock speedon the CMiC486sxlc66 cpuModule, due to clock doubling done inside the processor. Two example BASIC programs on the utility disk illustrate control of the processorclock: . For the CMi386sx33.see file CMILOCK.BAS. . For the CMi486sxlc66. seefile CMIDOUBL.BAS.
83 Storing ApplicationsO n-board The cpuModule was designedto be usedin embeddedcomputing applications.In theseapplications, magnetic media like hard disks and floppy disks are not very desirable.It is better to eliminate mag- netic storagedevices andplace your operatingsystem and application software into the cpuModule's Solid StateDisk (SSD). The following section describestwo distinctly different ways you may usethe Solid StateDisk sock- ets of the cpuModule. Thesemethods allows you to use a wide variety of memory devicesto imple- ment on-board Solid StateDisk storage,each with its advantagesand disadvantages.
84 Ways to Use the Solid State Disk Sockets There are two ways you may utilize the Solid StateDisk socketsof the cpuModule. . Using deviceswhich install as BIOS Extensions . Using Conventional SSD Memory BIOS Extension Devices such as Disk On Chip and PromDisk provide a relatively large amount of read/write disk spacein one socket of the cpuModule. These devicesgenerally appearsimilar to a conventional hard disk to DOS, allowing you to copy, delete, and rename files without using any special utilities. Conventional Solid StateDisk uses a varietv of memory devices.such as: . Aftnel5 volt only Flash . Intel 12 voltFlash . AMD 5-volt Flash . Static RAM . NOVRAM . EPROM to create a Solid StateDisk. When used with Atmel 5 volt Flash, SRAM, or NOVRAM, the SSD appearssimilar to a read/write floppy disk to DOS, allowing you to copy, delete, and rename files in the SSD without using any special utilities. When used with Intel 12 volt Flash or AMD 5-volt Flash, you can eraseand program the SSD mem- ory in the cpuModule using the SSD.EXE utility program. These methods are describedin detail in the following sections.
85 BIOS Extension Devices Youcan use BIOS Extension Devices like M-Systems Disk On Chip and MCSI PromDisk to imple- ment a Solid StateDisk which can be read and written using normal disk commands. Advantagesof using thesedevices include: . Storagecapacity up to 144 MB per socket (more in the future) . Full read/write capability using standardOS file commands . Integrated support for the QNX operating system is possible (contact M-Systems for information) Disadvantagesof using them include: . Relatively high cost . Current vendor software may allow only one device per cpuModule Parts supported by the cpuModule include: . M-Systems2000 series:MD2200-D144 (144 MB) down to... . M-Systems 2000 series:MD2200-D02 (zMB) . Optional QNX yersions of the above parts
. M-Systems 1000 series:EDL202-D02 (2MB) . M-Systems1000 series: ED1202-D0I (lNlIB)
. MCSIPromDisk 72300 (4MB) . MCSI PromDisk 72301(8MB) Our website at www.rtdusa.comprovides links to the websites of thesemanufacturers.
Installing BIOS Extension Devices To installthese devices, follow this procedure: . Apply power to the cpuModuleand run Setup.
NOTE! If you are ustng both a BIOS extension device and Conventional SSD in a cpuModule, the Conventional SSD nresl be placed in the first SSD socket.
.If you are using only a BIOS Extension Device, and no Conventional SSD, set Solid State Disk to Disabled in the StandardSetup screen. . If you are using both a BIOS Extension Device and a Conventional SSD, set Solid State Disk to Enabled in the StandardSetup screen. . If you are using the BIOS Extension Device in socket U9, set SSD Device in U9 to an appropriate memory window. . If you are using the BIOS Extension Device in socket U10, set SSD Device in U10 to an appropriate memorywindow.
. If you are using the BIOS Extension Device in socket Ul, set SSD Device in Ul to an appropriate memory window.
86 . If you are using the BIOS Extension Device in socket U2, set SSD Device in U2 to an appropriate memory window.
NOTE! Thememory window selectedfor a BIOS extensiondevice must not be usedby anyother program or hardwaredevice. Make sure this window is not usedby EMM386 or anothermemory manager, SSD, Ethernet card,PCMCIA card,etc.
If eitherSSD Device is: SSDWindow cannotbe: Bros EXT @D000 D000 Bros EXT @D800 D800 BIOSEXT @E000 E000 BIOSEXT @E800 E800
. Save your changesand exit Setup. . Turn off the cpuModule. . Set jumpers JP2 and JP3 or JP4 and JP5JP1 and IP2 or JP3 and JP4 to appropriate settings. Pleasesee SSDlumpers onpage 107. . Install the BIOS Extension Device into the correct socket. . Reboot the cpuModule. The BIOS Extension Device should appearas the next avail- able hard drive in your system.If there is no other hard drive installed, it will ap- pear as drive C:.
. Format the new drive using the DOS format command.
NOTE! If you wish to make the drive bootable,you must format it using the /s switch of the format command.Refer to vour OS manualfor more information.
. If you wish to boot from the BIOS ExtensionDevice, run Setup and disable any other hard drive. Set the boot device to Hard Drive. The cpuModule will not boot to a BIOS Extension Device if anotherhard drive is enabled.
87 Conventional Solid State Disk You can use numerous memory tlpes to implement a Conventional Solid StateDisk. Depending on the devicesused, you may implement read/write, read-only, or write-once-read-manytype drives. Advantagesof using the Conventional SSD include: Storagecapacity up to 2 MB total (EPROMonly) Allows mixing of devicetlryes Atrnel Flash allows read/writecapability using standardDOS file commands Disadvantagesof using the Conventional SSD include: Requiresexternal utility program to program 12 volt Flash, AMD 5-volt Flash, or EPROM. The following memory devices or their equivalentsmay be used for a Conventional SSD. Access times for all devicesmust be 150 ns or less,and all devices mustbe in 32-pin DIP packages. Atnel 29C010Aor 29C040A Intel28F010 or 28F020 AMD 29F010,29F0+0 SRAMl28Kx8,5l2Kx8 NOVRAM (DallasSemiconductor DS I 645Y,DS I 650Y) EPROM(27 C0t0, 27C020, 27 C040, 27C080)
NOTE! There are two restrictions on mixing memory devices for a Conven- tional SSD:
If you use two SRAMs or two NOVRAMs, both devicesmust be the same size.
The first SSD socket must be filled before the secondsocket is used.
Installing a Conventional SSD using Atmel S-volt-only Flash To install an SSD using Atrnel Flash, follow this procedure: . Apply power to the cpuModule and run Setup. . If you are using socketU9, set SSD Device in U9 to the appropriateAtrnel device type.
. If you are using socketUl0, set SSD Device in U10 to the appropriateAtnel device type. . If you are using the device in socket Ul, set SSD Device in Ul to the appropriate device type. . If you are using the device in socket U2, set SSD Device in U2 to the appropriate device type. ' Set SSD Window to a value which will not conflict with other hardwareor sofliware.
NOTE! The memory window selectedfor DOC must not be used by any other program or hardware device. Make sure this window is not in use by EMM386 or anothermemory manager,or an SSD, Ethemet card, PC- MCIA card, etc.
. Save your changesand exit Setup. 'Turn off the cpuModule.
88 . Setjumpers IP2 andJP3 or JP4and JP5JP 1 andJP2 or JP3and JP4 to the appropriate settings.Please see SSD Jumpers onpage 107. . Installthe memorydevice(s) into the correctsocket(s). . Rebootthe cpuModule.The SSDshould appear as the next availabledrive in your system. . Formatthe SSDusing the DOS formatcommand.
NOTE! If you wish to make the SSD bootable, you must format it using the /s switch of tlle format command. Refer to vour DOS manual for more in- formation on format.
When using the MS-DOS format command, always specify a size pa- rameter. Use a size larger than the installed SSD, e.g.
format lf:1.44M (for 2 x 512K Atmel Flash devices)
If youwish to bootfrom the SSD, run Setup again and set the boot device to SSD.
Installing a Conventional SSD using Intel L2-volt Flash or AMD S-volt Flash Intel l2-volt Flash EPROMs and AMD 5-volt Flash can be programmed either directly on the cpu- Module or externally. If you wish to program Flash EPROMs externally, follow the stepslisted for programming EPROMs. Otherwise, follow the stepsbelow. To program these Flash EPROMs on-board,the procedure is: . Apply power to the cpuModule and run Setup. ' If you are using socketU9, set SSD Device in U9 to the appropriatedevice type. 'If you are using socketU10, set SSD Device in U10 to the appropriatedevice type. ' If you are using the device in socket Ul, set SSD Device in Ul to the appropriate device type. ' If you are using the device in socket U2, setSSD Device inU2 to the appropriate device type. ' Set SSD Window to a value which will not conflict with other hardwareor software.
NOTE! Thememory window selected for DOC mustnot be usedby anyother pro$am or hardwaredevice. Make surethis window is not in useby EMM386or anothermemory nxmager, or an SSD,Ethernet card, PCMCIA card,etc.
. Save your changesand exit Setup. . Turn off the cpuModule. . Setjumpers JP2 and JP3 or JP4 and JPSJPl and JP2 or JP3 and JP4 to the appropriate settings. Pleasesee SSDJumpers onpage 107. . Install the memory device(s)into the correct socket(s).
89 . On the cpuModuleor anothercomputer, format a floppy disk and copy onto it the files you wish to copyto the SSD.If you wish to boot from the SSD,you must formatwith the'/s' switchto copy systemfiles. Seeyour DOS manualfor details of the format command.
NOTE! Start with a blank, newly-formatted disk each time you transfer files. You must copy files to the disk only one time, and must not delete, re- copy, or renamefiles on the floppy disk. If the files becomefragmented, the processwill not work!
:::l]i"",*j],Hil#t,:- vpp,or t2ydc(+t- 5%) ropin 10 orthe Murtirunc- tion connector. Setjumper JP3 and/or JP5JP2arfi/or JP4to the requiredposition to provide program- ming voltage (Vpp) to the Flash EPROMs. Pleasesee page SSD Jumpers on page 107. Run the SSD program on the cpuModule. Perform the menu selections appropriate for the chosenmemory devices, then start programming. When programming is complete, remove programming voltage by re-positioning jumpers JP3 and/or JP5JP2and/or JP4. After re-booting, the Solid StateDisk will be seenby the system as a write-protected floppy. DOS commandsnormally used to read floppy disks will work with the SSD.
Installing a Conventional SSD using SRAM or NOVRAM When the Solid StateDisk is composedof SRAMs or NOVRAMs, it appearsas a read.iwritedisk and may be read and wriffen using normal DOS disk commands. To install an SRAM oTNOVRAM SSD, you should follow this procedure: . Apply power to the cpuModule and run Setup. . If you are using socketU9, set SSD Device in U9 to the appropriate SRAM or NOVRAM device type. . If you are using socket Ul0, set SSD Device in U10 to the appropriate SRAM or NOVRAM device type. . If you are using the device in socket Ul, set SSD Device in Ul to the appropriate device type. . If you are using the device in socket U2, set SSD Device in U2 to the appropriate device type.
. Set SSD Window to a value which will not conflict with other hardware or sofltware.
NOTE! The memory window selectedfor DOC must not be usedby any other program or hardware device. Make sure this window is not in use by EMM386 or anothermemory manager,or an SSD, Ethemet card, PCMCIA card, etc.
. Save your changesand exit Setup. . Turn off the cpuModule.
90 . Setjumpers JP2 and JP3 or JP4 and JP5 JP I and JP2 or JP3 and JP4 to the appropriate settings.Please see page ^SSDJumpers on page 107. . Install the memory device(s) into the correct cpuModule socket(s). . Reboot the cpuModule. The SSD should appearas the next available drive in your system.
rryouwishto'*H:Til:t"#:I"tJiHil"ffiJ"/sswitchortherormatcommand. Refer to your DOS manual for more information on the format command. If you wish to boot from the SSD, run Setup again and set the boot device to SSD.
Noteson Formatting an SRAM or NOVRAM SSD Formost purposes, you can format the SRAM or NOVRAMSSD as you would a 1.44MBfloppy, using a command line similar to:
format b: /u To get the most possible spacein the disk and ensure proper operation, use the format command with a size parameterjust over the total size of the installed SSD memory. For example, if you install 256Kbytes of SRAM, you should use format with the parametersfor a 360Kbyte floppy disk. For example: ROM-DOS:/ormat b: /u /n:9 /t:40 MS-DOS./onz at b : /f. 360K See your DOS manual for details on the format command and its parameters.
Installing a Conventional SSD using EPROM EPROMs for an SSD must be programmed externally to the cpuModule, using an EPROM program- mer and following the procedurebelow. To install an EPROM SSD, you should follow this procedure: . Apply power to the cpuModule and run Setup. . If you are using socket U9, set SSD Deyice in U9 to the appropriateEPROM device type.
. If you are using socket U10, set SSD Device in U10 to the appropriate EPROM de- vice type. . If you are using the device in socket Ul, set SSD Device in Ul to the appropriate device type. . If you are using the device in socket U2, set SSD Device in U2 to the appropriate device type.
' Set SSD Window to a value which will not conllict with other hardware or software.
NOTE! The memory window selectedfor DOC must not be used by any other program or hardware device. Make sure this window is not in use by EMM386 or anothermemory rnanager,or an SSD, Ethernet card, PCMCIA card, etc.
. Save yow changesand exit Setup.
91 . On the cpuModuleor anothercomputer, format a floppy disk and copy onto it the files you wish to copyto the SSD.If you wish to boot from the SSD,you must formatwith the 7s'switch to copysystem files. Seeyour DOS manualfor details of the format command.
NOTE! Startwith a blank,newly-formatted disk eachtime you transferfiles. You mustcopy files to the disk only onetime, and must not delete,re- copy,or renamefiles on the floppy disk.
. Boot the cpuModuleand start the SSDprogram. Select seffings appropriate for the chosenEPROMs. . Selectthe BinaryFile "construct"option and then Start execution; the program will createan EPROMx.BINfile for eachEPROM. . Use the EPROMx.BIN file createdto programEPROMs with an appropriate EPROMprograrnmer. With the cpuModuleoff, setjumpers JP2 and JP3 or JP4and JPSJPI and JP2 or JP3 andJP4 to the appropriatesettings for the EPROMyou areusing. Please see ^S^SD Jumpersonpage 107. . Boot the cpuModule. After booting,the SolidState Disk will be seenby tlresystem as a write-protectedfloppy. DOS com- mandsnormally usedto readfloppy disks will work with the SSD.
Directly Accessing the Solid State Disk If youwish to directlyaccess the Solid State Disk of thecpuModule contact the factory for additional information on doing so.
92 Using Virlual Devices The cpuModule is designedfor use in industrial environmentsas a stand-alonemodule, without ex- ternal peripherals.Nevertheless, it may be necessaryto interface a cpuModule with I/O deviceslike a keyboard, monitor, or floppy or hard drive, especially for set-up or maintenance. The cpuModule is therefore provided with "Virtual Devices", which allows you to accessa key- board, monitor, and floppy disks without directly connectingthem to the PCllO4 bus of the module. Instead,the cpuModule serial port is connectedto the serialport of a PC orAT "host" computer. The host computer's keyboard, monitor, and floppy disks can thenbe made available to the cpuModule. You can then boot from the host's floppy drives, edit and debugprogams using the host's keyboard and monitor" and so on.
NOTE! Virtual Devices mode is intended for use during development,testing, and servicing of the cpuModule . It is nol intended for use during normal operation of the cpuModule. The overhead required by Virhral Devices will probably cause unacceptable performance while running an appli- cation.
If you require user VO through the serial port, we strongly recommend you implement your own serial VO or use a commercial sofhvareprod- uct intended for this purpose.
There are two limitations when using Virtual Device mode: . programs must operate only in text mode . program screen input/output must use only BIOS calls Applications which use graphics modes or directly accesshardware (video memory, the keyboard, or the disk drives) will not work properly. To use Virhral Devices mode, you will need: PC or AT compatible "host" computer with a serial port . the connection program (SERRX.EXE) available on the host computer . a "null-modem" cable with the hansmit data, receive data, and ground pins connected . the cpuModule There are two ways to initiate Virhral Device mode. You can enable the mode by using the cpuMod- ule Setupprogram, or by jumpering pins on the first serial port connector of the cpuModule. Please note that behavior differs slightly depending on how Virtual Device mode is initiated. The following sectionsdiscuss the two methods.
93 Initiating Virtual Devicesfrom Setup If the cpuModule is operational,Virhral Device mode can be accessedfrom Setup.This method has the advantagethat you can individually select devices for use in Virtual Devices mode. To use this method, run Setup on the cpuModule and select the Virtual Devices you wish to use. The settings for floppy drive A:, keyboard, and video state,and hard disk C: can eachbe setto "serial". Saveyour changesand then follow the procedurebelow: l) Turn off powerto the cpuModulesystem. 2) Connectthe null modemcable between the cpuModule first serialport using RS-232mode and host computer. 3) Turn on the hostcomputer. 4) Startthe SERRX.EXEprogram on the host computer, specifying which serial port of the hostcomputer you wish to use. 5) Turn on the cpuModulesystem. The cpuModulesystem will now bootfrom the disk driveyou configuredin Setup.If you havea C: disk on thePC/104 svsterl it will be driveD:.
94 Initiating Virtual Devicesby Jumpering Serial Port Pins Virtual Device mode can also be initiated by shorting two pins (DTR and RI, 7 and 8) on the frst serial port connector of the cpuModule. This method has a slight disadvantagein that the keyboard, video, and floppy and hard drives are all redirected to the serial port. To use this method, you must short (connect) two pins on the first serial port connector. The exact procedure is: . Turn off power to the cpuModule system. . Make certainthe fust serial port of the cpuModule is configured for RS232 operation. If the port is set for RS422 or RS485 operation, you cannot start Virtual Devices mode by jumpering serial port pins. . Carefully connectthe RI and DTR pins (7 and 8) of the serial port connector(refer to the chapteron Connecting the cpuModule for pin locations). The secondserial port cannotbe used for Virtual Devices. . Connect the null modem cable between the cpuModule and the host computer. . Turn on the host computer. . Start the SERRX.EXE program on the host computer, speci$ringwhich serial port of the host computer you wish to use. . Turn on the cpuModule system. The cpuModule systemwill then boot from the host computer's disk drives. The drive it boots from will be the one selectedin Setup.Note that if both the PC/104 systemand the host computer have C: disks, the one on the host computer'sremains disk C:, while the one on the cpuModule becomes available as drive D:.
95 Disconnectingthe lfost Computer To disconnectthe host computer, press the {Prt Scrn} key at any time. The host computer will re- cover its peripherals and retums to normal operation. To re-connect the cpuModule to the host, re-run SERRX.EXE on the host and wait for the message: Waiting.....
and then press the {Return} or {Enter} key.
96 Noteswhen UsingVirtual DeviceMode You will find it usefulto rememberthe followingpoints when using Virtual Devices: Virtual Devicescan only be usedonthe first serialport of the targetcpuModule, with the port con- figuredfor RS232operation. Latge datatransfers (file accesses,display updates, etc.) take considerable time in Virtual Device mode.Please be patient. Whenyou make the keyboard a Virtual Device,the key combinationCTRL-ALT-DEL is not passed to the cpuModule;it resetsthe hostcomputer instead. When you make floppy drive A: a Virhral Device, both A: and B: floppy disks are actually redirected to the host computer. If a communication error occurs on the serial port link, you will hear a beep from both the host com- puter and the cpuModule (assuming speakers are present in both systems).
97 Utility Programs The cpuModule is supplied with severalutility programs neededfor programming a Conventional SSD or reprogramming the BIOS. The following sectionsdiscuss these utilities in detail.
98 SolidState Disk Utitity (SSD.EXE) The Solid StateDisk utility program(SSD.EXE) allows you to programapplications into 12volt Flashor conventionalEPROMs for usein a ConventionalSolid State Disk. It is suppliedon thecpu- Moduleutility floppy disk.Use of theprogram is describedbelow.
Available Options The SSDprogram screen is dividedinto two areas: . theupper part containsuser-selectable fields . the lowerpart containshelp messages and displays program output Onceyou makeselections, you can: . startexecuting the program, by pressingthe {S} key . quit the program,by pressrngthe {Q} key.
Field Selection You canmake selections using the keyslisted in the following table.
SSD Active Keys
Key Function 9 selectsnext field t selectsprevious field {rAB} selectsnext field to the right or fust field ofnext line € selectsnext value in field t selectsprevious value in freld
Contents of the Fields The following is a list of selectablefields in the SSDprogram:
BinaryFiles Enablescreation of binary files (EPROMx.BIN) neededto program EPROMs for the Solid State Disk. Selections: . Construct . None
The program createsthe .bin files in the directory from which it is run. When working with a single floppy do not enable the Construct option.
99 Devices Di- €t Selectsthe size of each memory device for the mension SSD. Possibleselections: . Flash (128k,256k) . EPROM (128k,256k,512k, lMbyte) . RAM(128k,512k)
Select a setting which agreeswith the installed memory devicesand the positions ofjumpers JP2, JP3. JP4 and JP5.
Devices €t Selectsthe number of memory devices for the Number SSD. Possibleselections: . One . Two
Devices €t Selectsthe type of memorydevices used to imple- Type mentthe Solid StateDisk. Possibleselections: . Flash . EPROM
If EPROMis selected,the binary frlesconstruct modeis automaticallyenabled.
Input File €t Definesthe nameof the input frle in MiniDOS or {TAB},{char} BIOS Extensionmode. In MiniDOSmode, the filenamemust have the extension.EXE.
MiniDOS €t Selectseither MiniDOS or BIOS Extension mo SourceDisk €) Selectsthe floppy you wish to have copied into the SSD. SSD Win- €t Selectsthe memory window used for the SSD. dow Selectionsare o from0C0000H o to 0EC000H by l6Kbyte steps. This window is used only when programming the SSD in the cpuModule socket(s). It must not be in use by any other device. r00 BIOS Build Utility (BIOSBLD.EXE) TheBIOS Build utility program,BIOSBLD.EXE, allows you to re-programthe BIOS. Incorrectlyprogramming the BIOS cancompletely halt operationof the cpuModule,requiring it to be retumedto the factory.Do not attemptto reprogramthe BIOS unlessyou fully understandthe procedure. BIOS Organization The cpuModuleBIOS is in a l28k byte FlashEPROM. The ROM is at addressesE0000H through FFFFFH. The first 64kbytes,from 80000Hto EFFFFH,contains the Setupprogram executed when the {De- lete) key is held duringboot. This half of the EPROMis normallydisabledby leaving jumper JP7 closed. Theupper 64kbytes, from F0000Hto FFFFFH,contains the normalPC BIOS of the cpuModule. Using BIOSBLD This part of the EPROM is normally enabledby keeping jumper JP8 open. To useBIOSBLD to reprogramthe EPROM,jumper JP7 must be closedand JP8 must be open.If eithersection of the EPROMis disabled,the part cannotbe reprogrammed. The programis run by enteringthe following commandline: BIOSBLD Use /E0000 if reprogramming with a 128 KB BIOS file, or /F0000 if reprogramming with a 64KB BIOS file. Example: To reprogram the BIOS with the frle MYROM.400 (which is 128K8 long), you would use the com- mand line: biosbld mvrom.400 /X0000 NOTE! To programthe BIOS, you mustapply a programmingvoltage, Vpp, to the Multifunction connector.This voltagemust be presentduring the entireexecution of the BIOSBLD.EXEprogram. Refer to the Multi- functionconnector description for detailson connectingVpp. The BIOSBLDprogram ends by resettingthe cpuModule. l0l Gnnpren6: HRnowARERerenENcE This appendix gives information on the cpuModule hardware, including: . jumper settingsand locations . solderjumper settings and locations o mechanical dimensions 103 Jumpers The figurebelow shows the locationsof thejumpers used to configurethe cpuModule.To usethe figure,position the modulewith the PCllO busconnector at the six o'clockposition and the com- ponentside facing up E trooool JP3 l"l \J llooooooooooooooool llooool \_/ E] F.g JP5 F-"l HHJP2 I::I ffiJP4 rei, o! o oo o oo o oo oo oo oo o oo oo o oo o oo oo o oo oo oo o oo o ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo The table below lists the jumpers and their settings. Jumper Use JPI 2-pin jumper. You may connect an LED to these pins to indicate hard disk drive activity. Pin l: LED anode (+); usually shorter lead of LED Pin 2: LED cathode(-); usually longer lead of LED Default: open (do not short!) n2 6-pinjumper Selectssize of U9. Seetable below. Default: selectsAtmel 512KFlash memory (position r-2) JP3 3-pin jumper SelectsU9 power supply. Seetable below. Default: no battery backup (position l-2) 104 JP4 6-pin jumper Selectssize of Ul0. Seetable below. Default: selectsAtmel512K Flash (positiont-2) JP5 3-pinjumper SelectsUlO powersupply. See table below. Default: no batterybackup (position 1-2) JP6 2-pinjumper BypassesSetup stored onboard; uses default configuration. OPEN: UseSetup stored on board;boot normally CLOSED: Usedefault Setup Default: usedefault setup (closed) n7 2-pin jumper FACTORY USE ONLY! Enables and disablesthe on-board BIOS. OPEN: use on-boardBIOS CLOSED: disable on-board BIOS Default: use on-board BIOS (open) JP8 2-pinjumper Enablesand disables the E0000h segment of theBIOS. The E0000h segment containsthe Setupprogmrrl so leavingthis jumper openwill causethe Setup progmmto alwaysrun at boot,whether or not the {Delete}key is pressed. OPEN:enable E0000-EFFFFh in BIOS EPROM CLOSED:disable EO0OOh-EFFFFh in BIOS EPROM Default: disableE0000h segment in BIOS (close) JP9 2-pinjumper Reservedfor factoryuse. Default: closed 105 Jumper Descriptions . JPl May be used to connect an LED to indicate hard disk activity. JP 2. JP3 Thesejumpers are used to select the type and size of the SSD memory device placed in socketU9 (the first SSD bank). See the tables below for complete de- tails. JP4.JP5 Thesejumpers are used to select the type and size of the SSD memory device placed in socketUl0 (the second SSD bank). Seethe tables below for complete details. JP6 When installed, this jumper forces the cpuModule to boot using a default Setup. Any changesyou have made using Setupwill be ignored. You will find this useful if you misconfigure the cpuModule; as it will allow you to run Setup and correct the configuration. n7 When installed, on-board BIOS Flash EPROM is disabled,and the cpuModule will look for an external BIOS. This jumper is intended for factory use only. JP8 When installed, this jumper disablesthe E0000H segment(addresses E0000H- EFFFFH) of the BIOS EPROM. You must have this jumper installed if you are going to use a Conventional SSD or BIOS Extension Device mapped at E0000H or use the E0000H segmentfor an external device. Seethe section on Storing Ap- plications in Solid StateMemory for more information. Leaving this jumper open will causethe Setupprogram to run at every boot, whether or not the {Delete} key is held. JP9 This jumper is reservedfor factory use and should remain closed (installed). 106 SSDJumpers JPs JP4 JP3JP6 BOH Blo ol lo ol Itrtrl Hol lo lo El lo El lo El lo trl totrl trl Eglo H t8E For convenience,tables for the selection of SSD type and size have been repeatedbelow. The following table lists the possible configurations for the first socket of the SSD and the corre- spondingjumpers which must be set: Jumpersfor FirstSSD Socket, U9 Type Part Operation Capacity JP2 JP3 Notes Atrnel 5V Flash 29C0t0A read/write 128K-B t-2 1-2 29C0401l read/write 512KB l-2 l-2 BIOS Extension DiskOnChipand read/write to 12MB+ 3-4 t-2 Devices PromDisk NOVRAM DS1645Y read/write I28KB 3-4 t-2 DS165OY 512KB t-2 r-2 t07 Jumpersfor First SSDSocket, U9 Type Part Operation Gapacity JP2 JP3 Notes SRAM 128KB read/write I28KB 3-4 1-2 no backup 3-4 2-3 batterybackup 5I2KB read/write 5I2KB t-2 l-2 no backup t-2 2-3 batterybackup 12VFlash 28F010 read-only I28KB 5-6 t-2 prograrnmmg 3-4 t-2 read-only 28F020 read-only 256K8 5-6 l-2 programming 3-4 t-2 read-only AMD 5V Flash 29F010 read-only I28KB r-2 t-2 program or read 29F040 read-only 5I2KB t-2 t-2 program or read EPROM 27C010 read-only 128K8 3-4 L-2 27C020 read-only 2561<-8 3-4 t-2 27C040 read-only 5I2KB 3-4 t-2 27C080 read-only lMB t-2 t-2 108 The following table lists the possible configurations for the secondsocket of the SSD and the corresponding jumpers which must be set: Jumpersfor SecondSSD Socket, U10 Type Part Operation Gapacity JP4 JP5 Notes Atrnel 5V Flash 29C010A read/write 128K8 l-2 r-2 29C0404 read./write 5I2KB t-2 I-2 BIOSExtension DiskOnChipand read/write to 12MB+ 3-4 I-2 Devices PromDisk NOVRAM DS1645Y read/write 128KB 3-4 t-2 DS165OY read/write 5I2KB t-2 t-2 SRAM 128K8 read/write I28KB 34 t-2 no backup 3-4 2-3 batterybackup 5I2KB read./write 512KB l-2 t-2 no backup t-2 2-3 batterybackup 12V Flash 28F010 read-only I28KB 5-6 l-2 programmrng 3-4 t-2 read-only 28F020 read-only 256K8 5-6 t-2 programmmg 3-4 1-2 read-only AMD 5V Flash 29F010 read-only I28KB t-2 t-2 progmm or read 29F040 read-only 5I2KB t-2 t-2 program or read EPROM 27C0t0 read-only I28KB 3-4 t-2 27C420 read-only 2561 109 Solder Jumpers Solderjumpers are set at the factory and normally you will not need to changethem. All solderjump- ers are located on the module's solder side. The diagram below shows the locations of the solder jumpers. To use the diagram, position the module with the PC/104 bus connector at the six o'clock position and the solder side facing up.. w1T\ tl JPSl3 !resrs II JPSl7 JPSl JPS2T tt I tt ll JPSlA JPSl2 ! I I oooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo The following table lists the solderjumpers and their settings. JPS1-I2 2-pinjumpers. Reservedfor factoryuse. Do not change. JPS13, JPS 2-pad jumpers l4 Connect RS422 TX and RS485 T)VRX signals to Jl serial port. See serial port section. Default: selectsRS232 serial port (open) JPSI5, 2-padjumpers JPS16 ConnectRS422 RX signalsto Jl serialport. Seeserial port section. Default: selectsRS232 serial port (open) nl7 2-padjumper DisablesRS232 drivers and receivers. Default: enableRS232 drivers and receivers for Jl serialport (open) ll0 MechanicalDimensions The following figure shows mechanical dimensionsof the module (in inches). q Ncn qqqSA I ttlI (t7/'h O 3.55a', MechanicalDimensions (+/- 0.005") ln tt2 Cnnpren7: TnouBLEsHoonNG Many problems you may encounter with operation of your cpuModule are due to common errors.This chapterwill help you get your systemop- erating properly. It contains: . Common problems and solutions . Troubleshooting a PC/104 system . How to obtain technical support . How to retum a product 113 Common Problemsand Solufions The followingtable lists someof the cornmonproblems you may encounterwhile usingyour cpu- Module,and suggests possible solutions. If you arehaving problems with your cpuModule,please review this tablebefore contacting techni- cal support. Problem Cause Solution cpuModule "will not boot" no power or wrong polarity check for correct power on PC/104 bus connectors incorrect Setup install jumper JP6; reboot and press {De- (video disabled, etc.) lete) key to run Setup defective or mis-connectedde- check for misaligned bus connectors; vice on bus remove other cards from stack cable connectedbackwards verify all cables are connectedcorrectly SSDinstalled backwards check for an SSD memory installed in socket backwards entering Virtual Devices mode check if first or secondserial port is jum- pered to force Virtual Devices mode does not recognize Sefup jumper JP6 installed turn offpower, remove JP6, reboot chanees Setup always runs at boot, jumper JP8 is open tum offpower, install JP8, reboot whether or not {Delete} key is held will not boot from particu- device not bootable use sys command on drive or re-format the lar drive or device device using the /s switch device not formatted format drive using /s switch power not connectedto boot connect power cable to floppy or hard drive drive "GeneralFailure..." mes- jumpersincorrectly set set SSD jumpers correctly; seeJumper sageattempting to access Setting tables for SSD; Atmel Flash in SSD Note: if device was formatted with jump- ers set incorrectly, it mustbe re-formatted Added secondAtnel Flash format command must have execute format command wilh lfzl.44 to SSD; will not re-format size specified switch to larger size Atmel Flash shows disk I part smaller than 1.44MB was I ignore "disk spaceremaining" messages spaceavailable, but it can- | formatted as l.44MB; it will I from DOS not be written show spaceavailable even I REMEMBER! A bootable disk contains3 when full hidden files plus format info, totalling about l50kB n4 will not boot from DiskOn- DiskOnChip is not the only disable other hard drive(s) in system Chip hard drive in system using wrong DiskOnChip de- changeto correct (32 pin) DiskOnChip vice (not 32prn) Boot device not set to Hard run Setup and set boot device to Hard disk Drive erratic operation excessivebus loading reduce number of PC/104 modules in stack; remove termination components from bus signals; remove Tri-M power supply bus termina- tions powersupply noise examine power supply output with oscillo- scope;glitches below 4.75Vdc will trigger a reset; add bypass caps power supply limiting examine power supply output with oscillo- scope;check for voltage drop below 4.75V whenhard drive or floppy drive starts;add bypass caps temperature too high add fan, processorheatsink, or other cool- ing device(s) memory addressconflict check for two hardware devices (e.g. Ethernet, SSD, Arcnet, PCMCIA) trying to use the same memory address check for two software devices (e.g. EMM386, PCMCIA drivers, etc.) trying to use the samememory addresses check for hardware and software devices trying to use the same memory address check for an addressrange shadowed(see Advanced Setup screen)while in use by another hardware or software device I/O addressconflict check for anothermodule trying to use VO addressesreserved for the cpuModule be- tween 010h and 020h check for two modules (e.g. dataModules, PCMCIA cards,Ethernet) trying to usethe sameVO addresses Will not enter Virtual De- correct pins not jumpered jumperpins7&8 (RI andDTR) of first se- vices mode rial port pins jumpered on wrong serial jumperpins on fust serialport pofi port not configuredfor RS232 properlyconfigure serial port for RS232 incorrect cable cablemust'criss-cross' TXD andRXD lines from end to end keyboard doesnot work keyboard interface damaged check if keyboard LEDs light bv misconnection wrong keyboard type verify keyboardis an'AT'typeor switchto 'AT'mode Windows 3.lx installation smartdrive enabled remove smartdrive command from con- program hangs fig.sys, reboot, run install program floppy drive light always on cable misconnected check for floppy drive cable connected backwards two hard drives will not both drives configured for set one drive for master and the other for work, but one does master slave operation (consult drive documenta- tion) floppy does not work "dataerror" due to drive up- orient drive properly (upright or on its sidedown side) will not boot when video illegal calls to video controller look for software trying to accessnon-ex- card is removed istent video controller for video. sound.or beep commands won't bootfrom PCMCIA booting from PCMCIA is not boot from SSD, use autoexec.batto load hard drive supported PCMCIA drivers, run application from PCMCIA card COM port will not work in not configured for RS422/485 set serial-port solderjumpers correctly; RS422 or RS485 modes configure serial port in Setup progmm COM port will not transmit not enabling ffansmitters control DTR* bit of Modem Control Reg- in RS422 or RS485 mode ister to enable transmitters: see Serial Port description date and time not saved no backupbattery connecta backupbattery to the Multifunc- when power is off tion connector Troubleshooting a PCllO4 System If you have reviewed the preceedingtable and still cannot isolate the problem with your cpuModule, pleasetry the following troubleshooting steps.Even if the resulting information does not help you find the problem, it will be very helpful if you contact technical support. Simplify the system. Remove items one at a time and seeif one particular item seemsto causethe problem. Swap components. Try replacing items in the system one-at-a-timewith similar items. tt7 How to Obtain TechnicalSupport If after following the above steps,you still cannot resolve a problem with your cpuModule, please assemblethe following information: . cpuModulemodel, BIOS version,and serial number . list of all boardsin system . list of settingsfrom cpuModuleSetup program . printoutof autoexec.batand config.sys files (if applicable) . descriptionof problem . circumstancesunder which problem occurs Thencontact factory technical support: Phone: 814234-8087 Fax: 814234-5218 E-mail: [email protected] 118 How to Return a Product NOTE! Yotmusthave authorization from the factory before returning any ilem for anv reason! Ifyou wish to return a product to the factory for service,please follow this procedure: 1) Read the Limited Warranty to familiarize yourself with our warranty policy. 2) Contact the factory for a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number. 3) Write a detailed description of the situation or problem. Include as much information as possible! 4) List the name of a contact person, familiar with technical details of the problem or situatioq along with their phone and fax numbers, address, and e-mail address (if available). 5) Listyour shipping address!! 6) Indicate the shipping method you would like used to return the product to you. Wewill not ship by next-day service without your pre-approval. 7) Carefully packagethe product, using proper anti-static packaging. 8) Write the RMA number in large (1") letters on the outside of the package. 9) Return the packageto: Real Time Devices 200 Innovation Blvd. State College PA 16803 USA 119 CHnpren8: LrnrtreoWIRRANTY RealTime Devices, Inc. warrantsthe hardware and software products it manufacturesand produces to be free from defectsin materialsand workmanship for one year following the dateof shipment from REAL TIME DEVICES.This warrantyis limited to the originalpurchaser of productand is not transferable. During the oneyear warranty period, REAL TIME DEVICESwill repairor replace,at its option, any defectiveproducts or parts at no additionalcharge, provided that the product is retumed,ship- ping prepaid,to REAL TIME DEVICES.All replacedparts and products become the property of REAL TIME DEVICES.Before returning any product for repair,customers are required to contact the factory for an RMA number. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOESNOT EXTEND TO ANY PRODUCTSWHICH HAVE BEEN DAMAGED AS A RESULTOF ACCIDENT,MISUSE, ABUSE (suchas: use of incorrect input voltages,improper or insufficient ventilation,failure to follow the operatinginstructions that areprovided by REAL TIME DEVICES,"acts of God" or othercontingencies beyond the conhol of REAL TIME DEVICES),OR AS A RESULTOF SERVICEOR MODIFICATIONBY ANY- ONEOTHER THAN REAL TIME DEVICES.EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLYSET FORTH ABOVE, NO OTHERWARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSEDOR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIM- ITED TO. ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIESOF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE, AND REAL TIME DEVICESEXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIESNOT STATEDHEREIN. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES,INCLUDING IM- PLIED WARRANTIESFOR MECHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULARPUR- POSE,ARE LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THIS WARRANTY. IN THE EVENT THE PRODUCTIS NOT FREEFROM DEFECTSAS WARRANTEDABOVE, THE PURCHASER'S SOLEREMEDY SIIALL BE REPAIROR REPLACEMENTAS PROVIDEDABOVE. T'NDER NO CIRCT]MSTANCESWILLREAL TIMEDEVICES BE LIABLETO THEPURCHASEROR ANY USERFOR ANY DAMAGES,INCLUDING A}IY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,EXPENSES, LOST PROFITS,LOST SAVINGS,OR OTHERDAMAGES ARIS- ING OUT OF THE USE ORINABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT. SOMESTATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSIONOR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES FOR CONSUMERPRODUCTS, AND SOMESTATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS.SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS OR EXCLUSIONSMAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. THIS WARRANry GTVESYOU SPECIFICLEGAL RIGHTS.AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHERRIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATETO STATE. r2l t22