‚ivist— st—li—n— di €—leontologi— e ƒtr—tigr—fi— volume IIS noF Q P plsF ppF QRWEQUH he™em˜er PHHW

vy‡i‚ „y wshhvi wsygixi wyvv ƒg eƒƒiwfveqiƒ

p‚yw „ri „y‚sxy rsvvƒ @x‡ s„ev‰AX ƒ‰x„riƒsƒ yp xi‡ he„e

exh gr‚yxyƒ„‚e„sq‚e€rsgev e‚‚exqiwix„

we‚„e  xsxy 8 qs vsy €e†se

‚e™eivedX tuly IQD PHHWY —™™eptedX y™to˜er PTD PHHW

uey wordsX „orino rillsD mollus™sD q—stropod—D furdig—li—nD st—ti determin—ti ™ir™— IVFHHH esempl—ri in r—ppresent—nz— di UWV speE

v—nghi—nD wediterr—ne—nD €—r—tethysD equit—ni—n f—sinF ™ieD tr— ™ui TUP g—steropodiD IIS ˜iv—lviD II s™—fopodi @™fF „—˜F sAF s

m—ggiori —pprofondimenti t—ssonomi™i sono st—ti ™ondotti sui g—steroE

e˜str—™tF „he go—l of this study is to ™orrel—te in ™hronostr—tiE podiF v9—n—lisi ™riti™— dei t—x— des™ritti nelle monogr—fie stori™he @™fF

gr—phi™ order the fossil —ssem˜l—ges of sele™tedD histori™—l vower —nd fell—rdi e ƒ—™™oA h— port—to — un— forte riduzione del numero di spe™ie

widdle wio™ene lo™—lities of the „orino rillsF wore th—n IVDHHH re—listi™—mente —ssegn—˜ili —i depositi mio™eni™i dell— gollin— di „oriE

spe™imens h—ve ˜een ™l—ssified —nd —ssigned to UWV t—x— @™fF „—˜F sAF noF e titolo di esempioD viene riport—to il ™ontingente t—ssonomi™o

„he ™omposition—l —n—lyses m—inly ™on™ern the TUP listed g—stropodsD revision—to per l— f—migli— x—ss—riid—eF ƒono st—te —n—lizz—te le —ssoE

most of whi™h were —lre—dy des™ri˜ed in ™l—ssi™—l monogr—phiesF „he ™i—zioni — mollus™hi di sei lo™—lit—ÁD Q per il wio™ene inferiore @†gD †ƒD

™riti™—l ev—lu—tion of the morphologi™—l —nd —r™hite™tur—l shell p—r—E †f dell— porm—zione di „ermofour—ÁAD Q per il wio™ene medio @†eD

meters let to — signifi™—nt redu™tion of the spe™ies th—t ™ould ˜e †pD wg dell— porm—zione di f—ldisseroAF sl ™ongiunto dei d—ti str—tiE

re—listi™—lly m—int—ined in ™omp—rison to those ™ited in liter—ture from gr—fi™i h— permesso di ™orrel—re le lo™—lit—Á fossilifere e di inqu—dr—rle in

the „orino rills wio™eneF ƒix lo™—lities h—ve ˜een —n—lyzedX †—lle sequenz— ™ronostr—tigr—fi™—X †g e †ƒ nell— p—rte medi— del furdig—E

geppi @†gA —nd †—l ƒ—nfr—Á @†ƒA referred to the middle p—rt of the li—noD fiozon— xU—Y †f —ll— sommit—Á del furdig—li—noY †e e †p nel

furdig—li—n st—ge @xU— fiozoneAD †ill— fertini —t the topmost furdiE v—nghi—no inferioreD fiozon— xVY wg nel v—nghi—no superioreD fioE

g—li—nD †ill— ell—son @†eA —nd †ill— porz—no @†pA —t the e—rly v—nE zon— xW—F

ghi—n @xV fiozoneA —nd wonte dei g—ppu™™ini @wgA —t the l—te v9—n—lisi dell— diversit—Á spe™ifi™— delle su™™essive —sso™i—zioni

v—nghi—n @xW fiozoneAF yn the wholeD the fossil —ssem˜l—ges show mostr— un trend di v—ri—zione t—ssonomi™— ™on v—lenz— si— ˜io™ronoE

— t—xonomi™ v—ri—tion of ˜oth˜io™hronologi™—nd p—l—eo˜iogeoE logi™— ™he p—leo˜iogeogr—fi™—F †gD †ƒ e †f present—no v—lori di somiE

gr—phi™ me—ningF e™tu—llyD the simil—rity in spe™ifi™ ˜iodiversity of gli—nz— intorno —ll9VH7 ™he riflettono omogeneit—Á nelle p—leo™omunit—Á

†gD †ƒD †fD †e —nd †p refle™ts homogeneity —mong l—te furdig—li—n del furdig—li—no medioEsuperioreY elev—t— somigli—nz— si h— —n™he ™on

to e—rly v—nghi—n p—l—eo™ommunitiesF es to wgD its deep differen™e le —sso™i—zioni †e e †p del v—nghi—no inferioreF €er ™ontro l— diversit—Á

on †g is ™orrel—t—˜le with the e—stern ™losing ˜etween the wediterE spe™ifi™— di wg eÁ ridott— e diminuis™e il suo gr—do di somigli—nz— ™on

r—ne—n —re—s —nd the „ethy—n ‚e—lmD —t the ˜ound—ry furdig—li—nE †gD se˜˜ene le due —sso™i—zioni si—no ™omp—r—˜ili per qu—nto rigu—rd—

lo spettro dimension—le dei fossiliD e quindi il gr—do di r—ppresent—nz— v—nghi—nD th—t ˜rought to disjoint evolutions of the wediterr—ne—n

t—ssonomi™— sopr—spe™ifi™—F v— v—ri—zione in wg puoÁ essere vist— ™ome —nd sndoE€—™ifi™ p—l—eo™ommunitiesD the former ˜eing influen™ed ˜y

l— ™onseguenz— dell9evoluzione disgiunt— delle p—leo™omunit—Á mediterE o™e—ni™ ™urrent ™h—nges —nd rel—ted ™lim—ti™ v—ri—tionsF

r—ne— e indoEp—™ifi™— su™™essiv— —ll9interruzione dei re™ipro™i ™olleg—E

‚i—ssuntoF v— f—mos— ––gollezione fell—rdi e ƒ—™™o99 @IVUPE menti p—leo˜iogeogr—fi™i nel v—nghi—noF v— modifi™—zione delle —ssoE

IWHRA di mollus™hi del genozoi™o superiore nordit—li—no h— ™ostituito ™i—zioni d—l wio™ene inferiore —l wio™ene medio potre˜˜e essere rel—E

l— ˜—se di primo riferimento t—ssonomi™o nell— ™l—ssifi™—zione di —l™une zion—t— —l gr—diente termi™o neg—tivo ™onseguente —ll9interruzione dell—

—sso™i—zioni fossili provenienti d—lle ™l—ssi™he lo™—lit—Á del wio™ene inE ™ir™ol—zione o™e—ni™— medioEequ—tori—leF n trend p—leo˜io™enoti™o

feriore e medio dell— gollin— di „orinoF v9o˜iettivo dello studio eÁ st—to simile si osserv— in —sso™i—zioni — g—steropodi del wio™ene di —ltre

quello di org—nizz—re queste r—™™olte in sequenz— ™ronostr—tigr—fi™— lo™—lit—Á europeeY ™onfronti signifi™—tivi in t—le direzione vengono proE

sull— ˜—se si— di re™enti definizioni litostr—tigr—fi™he dell9—re— torineseD posti ™on le —sso™i—zioni del wio™ene del f—™ino di equit—ni— e del

si— di mir—te —n—lisi ˜iostr—tigr—fi™he su for—miniferi pl—n™toni™iF ƒono wio™ene medio dell— €—r—tetideF

hip—rtimento di ƒ™ienze dell— „err—D niversit—Á degli ƒtudi di „orinoD †i— †—lperg— g—luso QSD IHIPS „orino @st—lyAF iEm—ilX m—rt—FzuninodunitoFit @™orresponding —uthorAY giulioFp—vi—dunitoFit

QSH unino wF 8 €—vi— qF

sntrodu™tion from dism—ntling of the emerging elpine ™h—in @€olino

et —lF IWWIA @pigF IAF

possils —nd geology of the „orino rills h—ve ˜een

„he su™™ession of the „orino rills @pigF PA st—rts

th

™enE repe—tedly studied sin™e the se™ond h—lf of the IW

withthe pper io™ene q—ssino porm—tionD ™onsisting

turyD with p—rti™ul—r —ttention to the genesis of the ™onE

of m—rl —nd ™l—y from ˜—thy—l environmentsD with reE

glomer—ti™ levels th—t ™h—r—™terize the vower —nd widE

sedimented ™—l™irudite inter™—l—tionsF efter the m—inly

dle wio™ene form—tions @q—st—ldi IVTPY ƒ—™™o IVVUY †irE

terrigenous ™omplex of the ‚—nz—no porm—tionD the

gilio IVWSD IVWTAF ƒ—™™o @IVVWA des™ri˜ed the lithologi™

entognol— porm—tion d—tes ˜—™k to the v—te yligoE

—nd p—leontologi™ ™h—r—™teristi™s of the wio™ene su™™esE

™eneEequit—ti—n interv—lY it ™omprises —ltern—ting peE

sion of the „orino rills —nd in the wonferr—to regionD

litesD m—rlsD s—ndstonesD —nd ™onglomer—tes interpreted

—nd provided —n exh—ustive list of fossiliferous sitesF „he

—s f—nEdelt— slope deposits withperiodi™—l reEsedimenE

monument—l monogr—ph––s mollus™hidei terreni terE

t—tion events @fon™i et —lF IWWHAF st is overl—id ˜y — m—rl

zi—ri di €iemonte e viguri—99 —lso d—tes ˜—™k to the l—te

form—tion —ged to e—rlyEmiddle furdig—li—nD known —s

IVHH9sY st—rted ˜y fell—rdi @IVUPEIVWHA —nd ™ompleted

––vower €teropod w—rls99F

˜y ƒ—™™o @IVWHEIWHRAD it des™ri˜es the very ri™h wio™ene

„he upperEmiddle furdig—li—n „ermofour—Á porE

mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges @––ilvezi—no dei golli „orinesi99A

m—tionD —top the vower €teropod w—rls or dire™tly over

from wellEknow lo™—lities of the „orino rillsD su™h —s

the entognol— porm—tion @fonsignore et —lF IWTWAD reE

„ermofour—ÁD pont—n— dei pr—n™esiD †—lle geppiD †—l ƒ—nE

fle™ts deposition ˜etween the outer pl—tform —nd the

fr—ÁD ‚io f—tteri— @†—l ƒ—li™eAD ƒ™iolzeD wonte dei g—pE

upper p—rt of the ™ontinent—l slopeF „he „ermofour—Á

pu™™iniD et™F „he ™olle™tion ˜y the s—me n—meD held —t

pmF is often very ri™hin fossils @†—lle geppiD †—l ƒ—nfr—ÁD

the qeoE€—l—eontologi™—l wuseum of the hep—rtment

—mong other f—mous sitesA —nd is m—de up of silty m—rl

of i—rth ƒ™ien™es of the „orino niversityD rem—ins the

—nd siltstoneD inter™—l—ted withserpentinite s—ndstone

l—rgest ™olle™tion of genozoi™ mollus™s in st—lyD —nd is

l—yers —nd ™onglomer—ti™ lenses extending l—ter—lly for

the st—rting point for —ny rese—r™h of wio™ene —nd €lioE

sever—l kilometersD whose st—™king ™—n re—™h thi™knesses

™ene t—x—D th—nks in p—rt to the re™ent inventory of the

of sever—l hundred metersF

entire m—teri—l @perrero wort—r— et —lF IWVPD IWVRY werE

„he overlying v—nghi—n f—ldissero porm—tion is

lino PHHUAF

m—de up of m—rls —nd pl—n™toni™ for—mifer— pelites with

ƒin™e the e—rly IWHH9sD rese—r™hes on the fossil —sE

s—ndstoneE™onglomer—ti™ inter™—l—tions often ri™hin

sem˜l—ges of the „orino rills st—gn—tedY the only ™onE

mollus™ fossilsD su™h —s those from the f—mous †ill—

tri˜utions were ˜y fellini @IWHSAD who tried to differE

porz—no —nd wonte dei g—ppu™™ini lo™—lities @fonE

enti—te ˜etween the v—rious —ssem˜l—ges on the ˜—sis of

signore et —lF IWTWAF „he rem—ining wio™ene m—rine su™E

the different out™ropping lithof—™iesD —nd r—ll @IWTRAD

™ession @the ƒerr—v—lli—n w—rne di win™engo —nd the

who revised gonids from the €iedmont wio™eneF

„ortoni—nEwessini—n w—rne di ƒF eg—t— possili form—E

‚ese—r™hon themollus™ —ssem˜l—ges of „orino

tionsA is ™losed ˜y the wessini—n ––qessosoEƒolfifer—99

rills st—rted —g—in in the IWUH9s with numerous underE

porm—tion @fonsignore et —lF IWTWAF

gr—du—te theses @foldrini IWWWY €eol— PHHHY €ort— IWUQY

„he ––relveti—n99 fossils reported ˜y fell—rdi

‚—so IWWUY †—i IWWSAD withthework of €—vi— @PHHHA —nd

@IVUPEIVWHA —nd ƒ—™™o @IVWHEIWHRA ™ome m—inly from

unino9s €hh thesis @PHHUAD whi™h reEex—mined —ll the

the reEsedimented terrigenous levels of the „ermofour—Á

m—teri—l from the —˜oveEmentioned theses —nd perE

porm—tionD —nd se™ond—rily from the f—ldissero porm—E

formed —ddition—l s—mpling in †—lle geppiF „he t—xoE

tionF „he „ermofour—Á levels ™ont—in ri™hfossil —ssemE

nomi™ revision led to — p—l—eontologi™—l —nd str—tigr—E

˜l—gesD with typi™—l sh—llow w—ter ˜iot— su™h —s herm—E

phi™—l re—ssesment of the l—tter lo™—lityD ™om˜iningD

typi™ ™or—lsD or˜itoid for—minifer—D —nd ™onid g—stroE

whenever possi˜leD inform—tion from the liter—ture with

podsD —sso™i—ted withdeeper w—ter t—x— like ™ert—in speE

new field d—t—F „he results of this p—per —llow to provide

™ies of „onnid—e —nd „urrid—eF „he t—phonomi™ —n—lysis

— ™hronostr—tigr—phi™ sequen™e of the —ssem˜l—ges —n—E

of mollus™ shells reve—ls the presen™eD in the s—me levelD

lyzed —nd some notes on p—leo˜iogeogr—phi™—l —spe™tF

of v—rious degrees of shell we—r —nd fr—gment—tionD inE

di™—ting m—teri—l tr—nsport from different sour™e —re—s

tow—rds the ˜—se of the ™ontinent—l slopeD pro˜—˜ly

qeologi™ —nd ƒtr—tigr—phi™ ƒetting through su˜m—rine ™—nyons @gl—ri et —lF IWWRY €—vi—

PHHHY unino PHHUAF

„he „orino rillsD — str—tigr—phi™Estru™tur—l eleE

ment of the €iedmont „erti—ry f—sinD is —n —symmetri™

—nti™line @q—ssino —nti™lineA with—n io™ene nu™leusD

w—teri—l —nd wethods formed ˜y thi™k genozoi™ terrigenous su™™essions @ioE

™eneEwessini—nA ™h—r—™terized ˜y —ltern—ting peliti™ —nd „he identifi™—tion of the ™onspi™ous m—teri—l from the re™ent

p—l—eontologi™—l ™olle™tions st—rted withthesu˜division of fossils into reworked —ren—™eousE™onglomer—ti™ sediments —rising

vower to widdle wio™ene mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from the „orino rills @x‡ st—lyA QSI

pigF I E eF ƒtru™tur—l sket™hm—p of northwesternst—ly @modified —fter gl—ri et —lF IWWRAF fF vo™—tion of figure eF gF qeologi™—l sket™hof

„orino rillsF „he distri˜ution of ™onglomer—ti™ levels is s™hem—ti™—lly shown ˜y dotEp—tternF

homogeneous groups —™™ording to stru™tur—l —nd morphologi™—l eleE fe™—use of the limited num˜er of spe™imens —nd the poor preE

ments of the shellY they were l—ter ™omp—red with the illustr—tions —nd serv—tion st—te of ˜iv—lvesD in p—r—llel with their —lmost un™h—nged

des™riptions in fell—rdi9s @IVUQEIVWHA —nd ƒ—™™o9s @IVWHEIWHRA monoE ™l—ssifi™—tion sin™e ƒ—™™o9s work @IVWHEIWHRA the rese—r™h w—s fo™used

gr—phsF „he identifi™—tion of spe™imens w—s limited to spe™iesD —nd does on g—stropods of whi™h —n inEdepth revision of —ll the t—x— represented

not re—™hsu˜spe™ies or v—riety levelF „heseprelimin—ry identifi™—tions in the „orino rills wio™ene deposits h—s ˜een ™—rried outF

were ™onfirmed or modified —fter dire™t ™omp—risons withthetype q—stropods were identified m—inly on the ˜—sis of the morphoE

spe™imens in the fell—rdi —nd ƒ—™™o ™olle™tions @perrero wort—r— et logi™—l ™h—r—™teristi™s of the teleo™on™hY neverthelessD the sh—pe —nd size

—lF IWVPD IWVRY werlino PHHUAF wore th—n IVDHHH mollus™ spe™imens of the proto™on™hD when presentD were ™onsidered the m—in di—gnosti™

were —n—lyzed from the vower —nd widdle wio™ene deposits of the ™h—r—™ter for grouping ™loselyErel—ted formsF nfortun—telyD in most

„orino rillsY the ™olle™tion in™ludes ITDHHH g—stropod spe™imens ˜eE ™—ses the shells —re ˜—d preserved —nd the proto™on™h is missingD ˜oth

longing to TUP different spe™iesD —nd IDUHH ˜iv—lve spe™imens ˜elonging in newly ™olle™ted spe™imens —nd in those of the fell—rdi —nd ƒ—™™o

to IIS spe™iesF „he rem—ining QHH spe™imens —re s™—phopods ˜elonging ™olle™tionsF eddition—llyD for m—ny system—ti™ groupsD p—rti™ul—rly

to II spe™ies @„—˜F sAF those from the vower wio™eneD there —re no referen™e works in the

QSP unino wF 8 €—vi— qF

liter—ture des™ri˜ing the use of l—rv—l morphology for spe™ifi™ identifiE

™—tionF

yur —ppro—™hto thefell—rdi —nd ƒ—™™o ™olle™tions w—s proE

foundly ™riti™—lF huring ™omp—rison withtype spe™imensD we tried to

find o˜je™tive ™riteri— for distinguishing the spe™ies defined ˜y fell—rdi

—nd the v—rieties des™ri˜ed ˜y ƒ—™™o th—t would help us to le—n tow—rds

one or the other —ppro—™hF pinding ™h—r—™ters th—t ™ould ˜e reli—˜ly

used to differenti—te the v—rious forms w—s often impossi˜leX with only

one or two spe™imens in m—ny typeEseriesD —nd withtheproto™on™h

—lmost missingD it often proved diffi™ult to un—m˜iguously define t—x—F

„his pro˜lem emerged for —lmost —ll of the groups we ™l—ssifiedD —nd

p—rti™ul—rly for gypr—eid—eD x—ti™id—eD x—ss—riid—eD ylivid—eD witrid—eD

—nd gonid—eD whose morphologi™—l ™h—r—™teristi™sD whi™h —re often

quite simil—r within — single f—milyD le—d to ™onfusion reg—rding spe™ifi™

identifi™—tionF por m—ny of these f—miliesD det—iled system—ti™ studies

were ™onsultedD —l˜eit often de—ling with spe™ies more re™ent th—t those

we ex—minedF „hese studies in™ludedX f—øuk @IWUSY IWWSY IWWUY PHHQY

PHHTAD gossm—nn 8 €eyrot @IWITEIWIWY IWPPEIWPRAD h—voli @IWVWD IWWSD

PHHQAD pried˜erg @IWPQEIWPVAD qli˜ert @IWRSY IWSP—Y IWSP˜Y IWSRAD r—rzE

h—user 8 uow—lke @PHHRAD rornes @IVSIEIVSTAD rornes 8 euinger È È

@IVUWAD uojumdgiev— 8 ƒtr—™himirov @IWTHAD €—vi— @IWUT—Y IWUT˜Y

IWVHY IWWIAD ƒorgenfrei @IWSVAD ƒtr—usz @IWTTAF gomp—risons withthe

liter—ture m—de it possi˜le to ev—lu—te the limits of intr—Espe™ifi™ v—ri—E

˜ilityD —nd thus to ™on™lude the spe™ifi™ identifi™—tions listed in „—˜le sF

ƒome of the spe™ies des™ri˜ed ˜y fell—rdi were pl—™ed in synonymy on

the ˜—se of t—x— priorityD —nd m—ny of ƒ—™™o9s v—rieties —re ™onsidered

insu˜st—nti—lY on the other h—ndD in the presen™e of wellEdefined ™h—rE

—™teristi™s —nd — l—rge enoughnum˜er of spe™imensD some v—rieties h—ve

˜een elev—ted to su˜spe™ifi™ or spe™ifi™ r—nk @unino PHHUAF

xeverthelessD it should ˜e pointed out th—tX @IA the ™riteri— deE

s™ri˜ed —˜ove require definitions of the limits of intr—Espe™ifi™ v—ri—E

˜ilityY @PA these definitions would ˜e est—˜lished on the ˜—sis of spe™i—E

lized studies fo™ussed on individu—l t—xonomi™ groupsF

„hese ™riteri— ™—n ˜e exemplified in the revision —dopted for

x—ss—riid—eD the results of whi™h —re des™ri˜ed in „—˜F ssF fell—rdi

@IVUPEIVWHA —nd ƒ—™™o @IVWHEIWHRA re™orded VQ spe™ies for the vower

—nd widdle wio™ene of the „orino rillsD ˜elonging to the following

gener—X x—ss—D now x—ss—rius @UW spe™iesAD gyllenin— @P spe™iesA —nd

gyllene @I spe™iesAF „he SH v—rieties des™ri˜ed ˜y ƒ—™™o h—ve not ˜een

t—ken into —™™ount in the revisionD sin™e they —re ˜—sed on only one or

twoD often poorly preserved spe™imensF yf the UW spe™ies —ssigned to

the genus x—ss—riusD PU were lost during the ‡orld ‡—r ss ˜om˜—rdE

ments th—t destroyed p—rt of the qeoEp—l—eontologi™—l wuseum of the

„orino niversity @g—mp—nino 8 €—vi— PHHQAY —lthough they —re deE

s™ri˜ed in the monogr—phD they —re no longer present in the ™olle™tionF

yf the rem—ining SP spe™iesD QS —re still ™onsidered v—lid @sgxX —rttF

IIdD PQ—D dAD —nd PW of them —re only known from the „orino rillsF „his

high num˜er of endemi™ spe™ies ™ould ˜e p—rtly redu™ed —fter dire™t

™omp—risons with spe™ies from the equit—ine f—sin —nd the €—r—tethys

se—D ˜ut this ™he™k is out of the t—rget of the present workF

„he extensive ™olle™tion of the re™ent m—teri—l from wio™ene

„orino rills is held —t the qeoEp—l—eontologi™—l wuseum of the heE

p—rtment of i—rthƒ™ien™es of the„orino niversityF st is w—s org—nized

—™™ording to the t—xonomi™ order of fou™het 8 ‚o™roi @PHHSAD with

some referen™es to woore @IWTHD IWTWEIWUIAD ƒkelton 8 fenton @IWWQAD

—nd „r—™ey et —lF @IWWQAF „he fossils9 ™—t—logue num˜ers ˜egin with the

initi—ls € @€—leontologi— niversit—ÁAD followed ˜y — seri—l num˜erY

they —re registered in —n e™™ess d—t—˜—se following €—vi— 8 €—vi—

@PHHRAF

pigF P E ƒtr—tigr—phi™ log of western slope of „orino rillsF qeƒX

q—ssino pmFY ‚exX ‚—nz—no pmFY ex„X entognol— pmY

possiliferous lo™—lities —nd mollus™—n —ssem˜l—ges w€sX w—rne — €teropodi snferiori pmFY „pyX „ermofour—Á

pmFY w€ƒX w—rne — €teropodi ƒuperiori pmFY fehX f—lE

es previously mentionedD the revision w—s perE dissero pmFY wsxX w—rne di win™engoY qƒpX qessosoE

ƒolfifer— porm—tionF formed on ˜othhistori™—l@g—nt—mess—D porm—D ‚ov—E

vower to widdle wio™ene mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from the „orino rills @x‡ st—lyA QSQ

th

send—X —ll in the l—te IV ™enturyA —nd re™ent ™olle™tions giver— †—lley @tr—™t I in pigF R —nd ReAF e sm—ll ™omE

@fossoD he w—r™hiD €—vi—D ƒtur—niD „rope—noX in the plement—ry se™tion w—s me—sured in — sm—ll leftEside

th

se™ond h—lf of the IW ™enturyY uninoX PHHREPHHSA v—lley @tr—™t P in pigF R —nd ReAY its ˜—se w—s ™orrel—ted

from the fossiferous lo™—lities of †—lle geppiD †—l ƒ—nfr—ÁD geometri™—lly withthe™onglomer—ti™ l—yer —t level VT of

†ill— fertiniD †ill— ell—sonD †ill— porz—no —nd wonte dei the m—in se™tionF

g—ppu™™ini @pigF Ig —nd pigF PAF wollus™—n —ssem˜l—ges „he mi™roEp—l—eontologi™ —n—lysesD ™—rried on the

™olle™ted in those levels —re —n import—nt sour™e of d—t— „ermofour—Á pmF —llowed to —ttri˜ute it to the midEfurE

on the diversity of the wio™ene p—l—eof—un— in northern dig—li—nD fiozone xU— @fi™™hi persF ™omFY unino PHHUAF

st—lyF sn the following des™riptionsD we summ—rize the „his is ™oherent with the d—t— o˜t—ined through the

geologi™—l —nd geogr—phi™ ™ontexts of these lo™—litiesD —n—lysis of miogypsinidsX gerutti @IWUQA —nd xov—retti

—nd the fossil —ssem˜l—ges ™olle™ted thereinF „he full list et —lF @IWWSA re™ognize —n interv—l with wiogypsin— gloE

of the spe™ies re™orded in e—™h lo™—lity is provided in ˜ulin—D wF glo˜ulin—Eintermedi— —nd wF negrii whi™h

„—˜F sF ™orresponds to fiozones xU— —nd the ˜eginning of

hue to the intense ur˜—n development in the „oE xU˜F

rino rills over the l—st de™—desD some of the lo™—lities we ƒeven fossiliferous levels for mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges

—n—lyzed —re no longer —™™essi˜leF ‡here deposits —re h—ve ˜een s—mpledF „he d—t— o˜t—ined from these s—mE

still exposedD it w—s possi˜le to s—mple fossiliferous leE plesD —long withd—t— from previous ™olle™tions @†—i

velsD —nd in †—lle geppi out™ropsD to me—sure the str—tiE IWWSAD tot—l to VDRQV mollus™s @„—˜F sAF yn the wholeD

gr—phi™ se™tion —s wellF the —ssem˜l—ges —re domin—ted ˜y g—stropods @UDPQT

spe™imensAD followed ˜y ˜iv—lves @IDIIV spe™imensA

vower wio™ene vo™—lities —nd s™—phopods @VR spe™imensAF „he most ™ommon g—sE

†—lle geppi tropod f—milies —re gonid—e @PH spe™iesAD „urrid—e @IV

†—lle geppiD lo™—ted —˜out Q km e—st of the town spe™iesAD hrilliid—e @IU spe™iesAD —nd witrid—e @IV speE

of €ino „orineseD is — n—rrow v—lley ™ut ˜y the ‚io ™iesAF „he —ssem˜l—ges of the s—mpled l—yers —re ™omE

giver—Y it in™ludes numerous fossil out™rops @pigF QAF p—r—˜le —s to the ™ommonest f—milies —nd with reg—rds

†—lle geppi is r—rely mentioned in the liter—tureF to medium —nd l—rge g—stropods @l—rger th—n HFV ™mAD

elthough indi™—tions on ™olle™ting lo™—lities —re v—gueD despite the num˜er of spe™imens is different —mong

the firstD repe—ted referen™es to †—lle geppi —re in felE ™olle™tionsF „hey —re no longer ™omp—r—˜le with reg—rds

l—rdi9s @IVUPEIVWHA —nd ƒ—™™o9s @IVWHEIWHRA monoE to mi™roEg—stropodsD sin™e these —re gener—lly l—™king in

gr—phsD were the lo™—lity is reported —s one of the m—in ™olle™tion studied ˜y †—i @IWWSAF

sour™es of the fossils m—king up the soE™—lled ––ƒuperg— ‡ithreg—rds to ˜iv—lvesD thenew s—mplings proE

p—un—99F †—lle geppi9s mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges were the du™ed — l—rger num˜er of spe™imens @TSI spe™imensA

su˜je™t of †—i9s @IWWSA undergr—du—te thesisF „he reEexE ™omp—red to †—i9s ™olle™tion from †—lle geppi @QRU speE

—mined fossil m—teri—l ˜elongs to different ™olle™tionsD ™imensAY it is worth noting th—t the l—tter h—ve — higher

in p—rti™ul—r those of g—nt—mess—D ‚ov—send—D —nd porE num˜er of spe™ies —nd f—miliesD while new ™olle™ting

m—Eƒ—™™oF e signifi™—nt portion of the m—teri—l ™omes results in m—ny spe™imens ˜elonging to only — few f—E

from the ™olle™tions of gomp—gnoniEƒtur—ni @IWSWE miliesF purthermoreD these two s—mplings —re not ™omE

IWTIAD „rope—no @IWUPAD €—vi— @IWWSEPHHIA —nd €—vi—E p—r—˜le sin™e most of the newlyE™olle™ted ˜iv—lves —re

unino @PHHRAF sm—llD —nd only — few spe™imens ™—n ˜e ™omp—red with

„he †—lle geppi se™tion ™uts through —ll the wioE the l—rger ones from previous ™olle™tionsF

™ene lithosomes of the southEe—stern fl—nk of the q—sE

sino —nti™lineY it w—s me—sured for the first time ˜y †—l ƒ—nfr—Á

gerutti @IWUQA in his study on m—™rofor—minifer—D p—rE †—l ƒ—nfr—Á is the lo™—l n—me of — v—lley ne—r the

ti™ul—rly miogypsinidsD ˜—™k when the ™onditions of the muni™ip—lity of f—ldissero „orineseD lo™—ted immediE

out™rops still m—de it possi˜le to re™ognize — ne—rly —tely north of vill—ge @pigF SAF elong the right ˜—nk of

™ontinuous str—tigr—phi™ su™™essionF „he dire™tion of the ‚io f—ldisseroD there —re out™rops of the typi™—l

the str—t— is ne—rly x SHë i with —n —ver—ge in™lin—tion —ltern—ting pelites —nd ™onglomer—ti™ s—ndstones of the

of QSëF „he su™™ession is over RHH meters thi™k —nd is „ermofour—Á porm—tionD known —s the ––†—l ƒ—nfr—Á ƒtr—E

m—de upD in its lower portionD of the upper p—rt of the t—99 —nd —ttri˜uted to the upper furdig—li—n in the liter—E

entognol— porm—tion —nd the entire €teropodi snferiori ture @€—vi— PHHHAF „he first re™ord in the liter—ture of

porm—tionF „he midE —nd upper p—rt of the su™™essionD fossil lo™—lities ne—r f—ldissero „orinese is ˜y ƒ—™™o

me—sured —nd des™ri˜ed ˜y unino @PHHUAD refers to the @IVVWAD —nd su˜sequent studies were m—de ˜y fellini

„ermofour—Á porm—tion where siltE™l—y levels —ltern—te @IWHSAD ghev—lier @IWTIAD —nd r—ll @IWTRAF

with™o—rse s—nds —nd ™onglomer—tesF „hem—in str—tiE „he furdig—li—n str—t— of †—l ƒ—nfr—Á ˜elong to

gr—phi™ se™tion w—s me—sured —long the —xis of the ‚io fiozone xU— @fi™™hi persF ™ommFA —nd fossiliferous

QSR unino wF 8 €—vi— qF

pigF Q E vo™—tion of †—lle geppi fossiliferous out™ropsF „he ˜l—™k

st—rs indi™—te s—mpled l—yersF

out™rops h—ve the s—me textur—l —nd stru™tur—l ™h—r—™E

teristi™s —s those of †—lle geppiD with the s—me p—l—eonE

pigF R E ƒtr—tigr—phi™ log of †—lle geppiF eF „opogr—phi™—l m—p of

tologi™—l ™ontent —s wellF wost of the —n—lyzed m—teri—l †—lle geppi —re— indi™—ting the m—in str—tigr—phi™ se™tion

™omes from the g—nt—mess— ™olle™tionD whi™h d—tes —long the —xis of the ‚io giver— †—lley @tr—™t IA —nd — sm—ll

™omplement—ry se™tion in — side v—lley @tr—™t PAF ˜—™k to the se™ond h—lf of the IWth ™entury —nd w—s

reEordered ˜y €ort— @IWUQAF eddition—l m—teri—l inE

lower wio™ene lo™—litiesD —nd therefore ™—nnot ˜e e—sily ™ludes th—t ™olle™ted ˜y sever—l field workers —nd stuE

™omp—red with themY —s to ˜iv—lvesD this —ssem˜l—ge h—s died in foldrini9s @IWWWA undergr—du—te thesisD numerE

the highest num˜er of individu—ls —nd spe™iesF ous spe™imens ™olle™ted in the IWVH9s ˜y he w—r™hiE

€—vi—D —nd —n import—nt ™ontri˜ution from g—rlo fossoD

†ill— fertini — ™oll—˜or—tor of the of qeoEp—l—eontologi™—l wuseum

„he fossiliferous lo™—lity of †ill— fertini is lo™—ted of the „orino niversityF

to the west of †—lle geppiD ne—r the type lo™—lity of „he mollus™ ory™to™enosis is m—de up of PDTHQ

„ermofour—Á —nd ne—r˜y the ro—d from the iremo hill spe™imens @„—˜F sAF „hey —re —lmost —ll g—stropods

to the ™ity of „orinoD in the proximity of †ill— ell—son @PDHUI spe™imensAD —nd in this ™—se —s wellD the most

—nd †ill— porz—no @pigF TAF „here —re no ™le—r referen™es spe™iesEri™hf—mily is gonid—e @PU spe™iesA followed

to †ill— fertini fossil deposits in the liter—tureD ex™ept ˜y gl—v—tulid—e @IR spe™iesA —nd witrid—e @IQ spe™iesAF

some generi™ mentions of the fossil —ssem˜l—ges ––in the „he †—l ƒ—nfr—Á fossils —re ˜igger th—n those from other

vower to widdle wio™ene mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from the „orino rills @x‡ st—lyA QSS

widdle wio™ene lo™—lities

†ill— ell—son

wu™h like the other lo™—lities we des™ri˜eD †ill—

ell—son is —lso r—rely mentioned in the liter—tureX inE

deedD it is not mentioned in fell—rdi9s @IVUPEIVWHA —nd

ƒ—™™o9s @IVWHEIWHRA monogr—phsD nor in ƒ—™™o9s @IVVWA

tre—tiseD in whi™h this lo™—lity w—s pro˜—˜ly in™luded in

the ˜ro—der ––„orino rills99 —re—F †ill— ell—son is only

˜riefly mentioned in fellini @IWHSA —nd in €rever @IWHUAF

„he †ill— ell—son deposit @pigF TAD lo™—ted in †—l

ƒ—li™e —t the western end of the q—ssino —nti™lineD w—s

s—mpled ˜y qF €—vi— in the IWVH9sY it is m—de up of —

su™™ession of sever—l meters of s—ndy pelites —nd poorly

™emented s—ndstone in l—yers of QHESH ™mF „he m—teri—l

™olle™ted w—s studied —long withth—tfrom †ill— fertini

˜y €eol— @PHHHAF nfortun—telyD this deposit is lo™—ted

on priv—te property —nd is not —™™essi˜leF fonsignore et

pigF S E vo™—tion of †—l ƒ—nfr—Á fossiliferous out™rop indi™—te ˜y

—lF @IWTWA in™luded the †ill— ell—son deposit in — reE

˜l—™k st—rF

sedimented s—ndstoneE™onglomer—te horizon —t the ˜—se

of the f—ldissero porm—tionF „his level in™ludes the l—st

represent—tives of the gener— wiogypsin— —nd vepido™iE

™lyn—D whi™h —re —lw—ys wellEdo™umented in the „orino

rills vower wio™ene su™™ession @fonsignore et —lF

IWTWY perrero wort—r— IWVUAF „his d—t— m—kes it possi˜le

to pl—™e the †ill— ell—son deposit in the ˜—s—l p—rt of the

f—ldissero porm—tionD whi™h is —ttri˜uted to the e—rly

v—nghi—n @fiozone xVA on the ˜—sis of the presen™e of

€r—eor˜ulin— glomeros— ™urv— @fonsignore et —lF IWTWAF

†ill— ell—son fossil —ssem˜l—ge is m—de up of STV

spe™imens of sm—ll to mediumEsized mollus™s @„—˜F sAF

sn p—rti™ul—rD there —re RWW g—stropods ˜elonging to IHW

spe™iesD QI ˜iv—lve spe™imens ˜elonging to PI spe™ies

—nd U s™—phopods ˜elonging to P spe™iesF „he most

spe™iesEri™hg—stropod f—milies —re gonid—e @IH spe™iesAD

pigF T E vo™—tion of †ill— fertiniD †ill— ell—son —nd †ill— porz—no followed ˜y „onnid—eD fu™™inid—e —nd ylivid—e @T speE

fossiliferous out™rops indi™—te ˜y ˜l—™k st—rsF

™ies e—™hAD ˜y x—ti™id—eD ‚—nellid—eD p—s™i™ol—riid—e —nd

wuri™id—e @S spe™ies e—™hAF

vi™inity of „ermofour—Á99 @fellini IWHSAF sn the IWUH9sD —

†ill— porz—no @a †ill— go™hisA

™onglomer—ti™ l—yer with— s—ndyEpeliti™ m—trix —nd IE

„here is very little in the liter—ture ™on™erning ™mEwide pe˜˜les w—s exposedF „he extensive fossil s—mE

†ill— porz—noD lo™—ted in the upper †—l ƒ—li™eD m—king ples ™olle™ted here were studied in €eol—9s @PHHHA underE

— det—iled des™ription of the fossiliferous levels imposE gr—du—te thesisF „he fossiliferous deposit is presently

si˜le @pigF TAF fellini @IWHSA —nd €rever @IWHUA report the in—™™essi˜leD —nd it w—s thus impossi˜le to ™olle™t new

presen™e of — gre—t —˜und—n™e of mollus™s —nd —ssoE s—mples for mi™roEp—l—eontologi™ —n—lysesF yn the ˜—sis

™i—ted ™or—lsD —s well —s miogypsinidsY €rever @IWHUA of the d—t— g—thered ˜y the surveys for ƒheet IST „orino

˜elieved th—t the †ill— porz—no deposits —re younger ist of the qeologi™—l w—p of st—ly —t IXSHHHH @pest— et

th—n those in †ill— ell—son —nd „ermofour—ÁD ˜ut older —lF PHHW—D PHHW˜AD the †ill— fertini out™rop must ˜e loE

th—n the wonte dei g—ppu™™ini —nd @si™3A †—lle geppi ™—ted —t the topmost „ermofour—Á porm—tionD whi™h reE

depositsF fers to the l—te furdig—li—nF

yn the other h—ndD re™ent liter—ture reports th—t „he mollus™ —ssem˜l—ge is represented ˜y QQH

the †ill— porz—no deposit is of the s—me —ge —s the †ill— spe™imens @„—˜F sAY QPP of them —re g—stropodsD —nd

ell—son deposit @fonsignore et —lF IWTWAD —nd thus ˜eE the most spe™iesEri™h f—milies —re on™e —g—in gonid—e

longs to the ™onglomer—ti™ horizon —t the ˜—se of the @U spe™iesA followed ˜y witrid—e @T spe™iesA —nd yliviE

d—e @S spe™iesAF f—ldissero porm—tionF „he out™rop is presently ™overedD

QST unino wF 8 €—vi— qF „efvi s VC VS VB VA VF MC VC VS VB VA VF MC 66 Peyrotia tauroperturrita X X X Class Gastropoda 67 Haustator tricincta X Family Patellidae 68 Haustator turris X X X 1 Patella cf. burdigalensis X 69 Haustator vermicularis X X X X X 2 Patella coerulea X 70 Turritella bellardii X X X Family Fissurellidae 71 Turritella bicarinata X X X 3 Fissurella costicillatissima X 72 Turritella spirata X 4 Emarginula subclathrata X 73 Turritella subangulata X X X 5 Emarginula sp. 1 X 74 Turritella terebralis X X 6 Emarginula sp. 2 X 75 Turritella tricarinata X 7 Subemarginula prosculphilis X 76 Protoma cathedralis X X X X X 8 Diodora italica X Family Calyptraeidae 9 Diodora graeca X 77 Calyptraea chinensis X Family Haliotidae Family Capulidae 10 Haliotis tuberculatus X X 78 Capulus hungaricus X X Family Trochidae 79 Capulus? barrandei X 11 Paroxystele amedei X X X X X X Family Cypraeidae 12 Paroxystele rotellaris X 80 Jousseaumea grateloupi X X 13 Gibbula laeviardens X 81 Jousseaumea taurorotunda X 14 Gibbula adansoni X 82 Trona lyncoides X X X 15 Gibbula cf. subscalata X 83 Zonarina amygdalum X X 16 Gibbula tauracuta X X 84 Zonarina brochii X X X 17 Gibbula cf. podhorcensis X 85 Zonarina cf. brogniarti X 18 Gibbula sp. 1 X 86 Zonarina decorticata X X 19 Glomus monterosatoi X X 87 Zonarina haueri X X 20 Monodonta quadrula X 88 Zonarina cf. orbignyana X 21 Monodonta tauroparva X 89 Zonarina annularia X 22 Clanculus cruciatus X 90 Zonarina pinguis X X X 23 Tectus rugosus X 91 Zonarina provincialis X 24 Tectus vertex X X 92 Zonarina subelongata X X 25 Calliostoma scutiformis X X 93 Schilderia taurovalis X X X X 26 Calliostoma cf. tauromiliare X 94 Mandolina rhomboidalis X X X X 27 Calliostoma papilla X 95 Cypraeorbis fabagina X X X X X 28 Calliostoma cf. papilla X Family Ovulidae Family Solariellidae 96 Apiocypraea subamygdalum X X X 29 Solariella sp.1 X 97 Miolyncina prevostina X Family Turbinidae 98 Miolyncina tumida X X 30 Astraea carinata X X X X 99 Fossacypraea extusdentata X 31 Astrea taurospeciosa X 100 Sphaerocypraea ovulina X X 32 Bolma proborsoni X X 101 Cypropterina duclosiana X X X X X 33 Bolma subfimbriata X Family Ficidae 34 Phorculellus tauroangulosus X 102 Ficus conditus X X X X X X 35 Homalopoma mamilla X 103 Ficus geometra X X X 36 Leucorhynchia cf. zboroviensis X 104 Ficopsis burdigalensis X Family Phasianellidae Family Naticidae 37 Tricolia pullus X 105 Globularia compressa X X X 38 Tricolia cf. pullus X 106 Pachycrommium scalaris X X X X Family Cocculinidae 107 Euspira catena X X X X X X 39 Cocculina adunca X 108 Polinices miocolligens X X Family Neritidae 109 Polinices proredemptus X X X X 40 Nerita asperata X 110 Polinices submamillaris X X X X X X 41 Nerita gigantea X X X X X 111 Neverita josephinia X X X X X 42 Nerita martiniana X X X X 112 Natica crassiuscula X X X X 43 Neritina picta X 113 Natica epiglottina X X X X 44 Theodoxus hisingeri X 114 Natica taurina X 45 Theodoxus morellii X 115 Natica dillwyni X Family Cerithiidae 116 Eunaticina michaudi X 46 Cerithium crenatum X 117 Sinum aquense X 47 Cerithium ocirrhoe X 118 Sinum sigaretoides X 48 Ptycocerithium pseudoelongatum X Family Rissoidae 49 Cerithium taurinum X X 119 Alvania cimex X 50 Cerithium varicosum X 120 Alvania perregularis X 51 Cerithium vulgatum X X 121 Alvania reticulata X 52 Bittium reticulatum X 122 Alvania tauropraecedens X 53 Bittium spina X X 123 Alvania venus parvotaurina X Family Diastomidae 124 Alvania venus transiens X 54 Sandbergeria perpusilla X 125 Alvania cf. brachia X Family Litiopidae 126 Alvania cf. tenuicostata X 55 Alaba costellata X 127 Alvania sp. 1 X Family Modulidae 128 Alvania sp. 2 X 56 Modulus basteroti X 129 Turboella acuticosta X Family Planaxidae 130 Rissoina decussata X 57 Fossarus costatus X 131 Rissoina pusilla X Family Potamididae 132 Rissoina biocrassecincta X 58 Trochocerithium turritum X X X 133 Rissoina giuntelii X Family Scaliolidae 134 Rissoina sturanii X 59 Scaliola cf. semperi X 135 Zebina nerina X Family Siliquaridae 136 Stosiscia planaxoides X 60 Tenagodus anguinus X Family Caecidae 61 Tenagodus obtusus X 137 Caecum trachea X Family Turritellidae 138 Caecum glabrum X 62 Archimediella archimedis X Family Iravadiidae 63 Archimediella miotaurina X X X 139 Rhombostoma sp. 1 X 64 Peyrotia desmarestina X X X X Family Tornidae 65 Haustator laevissima X 140 Adeorbis miobicarinatus X

vower to widdle wio™ene mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from the „orino rills @x‡ st—lyA QSU

VC VS VB VA VF MC VC VS VB VA VF MC 141 Rotellorbis plicatus X 210 Cerithiopsis sp. 2 X 142 Teinostoma woodi X X 211 Seila trilineata X 143 Teinostoma cf. nanum X 212 Seila cf. trilineata X 144 Teinostoma sp. 1 X 213 Seila sp. 1 X 145 Tornus sp. 1 X Family Buccinidae Family Tornidae 214 Exilioidea ordita X X 146 Georgesia terebellum X 215 Euthria adunca X X X X Family Strombidae 216 Euthria elongata X 147 Dientomochilus decussatus X 217 Euthria longirostra X X 148 Persististrombus bonellii X X X X X X 218 Euthria obesa X 149 Sulcogladus collegnoi X X 219 Euthria abbreviata X Family Aporrhaidae 220 Euthria intermedia X 150 Aporrhais pespelecani X X X X X 221 Neptunea glomoides X X X X 151 Aporrhais uttingeriana X X X 222 Phos citharella X X X X X X Family Tonnidae 223 Phos orditus X 152 Eudolium subfasciatum X X X 224 Cantharus compressus X 153 Cypraecassis cypraeformis X X X 225 Cantharus liratus X X 154 Cassis mammilaris X 226 Cantharus magnicostatus X X 155 Galeodea echinophora X X X 227 Cantharus multicostatus X 156 Galeodea miocristata X 228 Cantharus rhombus X X 157 Galeodea sconsioides X X X 229 Cantharus varians X 158 Galeodea taurinensis X X X X X 230 Janiopsis labrosa X X 159 Galeodea tauropomum X 231 Janiopsis maxillosa X X 160 Sconsia striatula X 232 Pisania inflata X 161 Semicassis miolaevigata X X X Family Colubrariidae 162 Semicassis saburon X X X 233 Colubraria deshayesi X 163 Semicassis subsulcosa X 234 Colubraria reticulata X 164 Semicassis reticulata X X X 235 Metula reticulata X X 165 Semicassis variabilis X X X X X 236 Metula recta X Family Bursidae Family Columbellidae 166 Bufonaria marginata X X X X X 237 Alia curta X X X Family Personidae 238 Columbella galbina X 167 Distorsio tortuosa X X X X 239 Columbella borsoni X Family Ranellidae 240 Columbella scalaris X 168 Gyrineum giganteum X X X X X 241 Columbella taurinensis X 169 Gyrineum tuberosum X X X 242 Columbellopsis inedita X 170 Gyrineum elongatum X X X 243 Mitrella adjecta X 171 Cymatium borsoni X X X 244 Mitrella crassilabris X X X 172 Cymatium cf. nodiferum X 245 Mitrella inflata X 173 Sassia appeninica X X X X 246 Mitrella neglecta X X X 174 Sassia borsoni X X X X X 247 Mitrella turgida X 175 Sassia granosa X X X X 248 Pyrene klipsteini X 176 Sassia laevigata X 249 Pyrene cf. carinata X 177 Sassia parvula X 250 Pyrene cf. semicaudata X Family Hipponicidae 251 Anachis parva X 178 Hipponix sulcatus X X X X X 252 Anachis procorrugata X Family Triviidae 253 Anachis turrita X X 179 Erato elongata X 254 Anachis terebralis X 180 Erato voluta X X X 255 Anachis cf. recticostata X 181 Erato subcypreola X X Family Fasciolariidae 182 Erato transiens X 256 Fasciolaria tarbelliana X 183 Trivia affinis X X 257 Fusinus multiliratus X X X 184 Trivia arctica X X 258 Fusinus pustulatus X X X Family Vermetidae 259 Fusinus sismondai X 185 Serpulorbis arenaria X 260 Fusus semirugosus X X 186 Vermetus sulcovaricosus X 261 Fusus inaequicostatus X 187 Vermetus triquetus X 262 Fusus subcostatus X Family Xenophoridae 263 Fusus villai X 188 Xenophora deshayesi X X X X X 264 Euthriofusus burdigalensis X 189 Xenophora postextensa X 265 Latirus carinatus X X 190 Tugurium borsoni X 266 Latirus crassus X X X Family Epitoniidae 267 Latirus cepporum X 191 Cirsotrema seguenzai X 268 Latirus lynchi X X 192 Discoscala scaberrima X 269 Latirus lyncoides X 193 Stenorhytis proglobosa X 270 Latirus pinensis X X X X 194 Stenorhytis retusa X X 271 Latirus productus X Family Eulimidae 272 Latirus subcostatus X 195 Melanella polita X X 273 Latirus taurinus X X 196 Eulima subulata X 274 Leucozonia turbinata X 197 Niso eburnea X 275 Peristernia exornata X 198 Niso terebellum X 276 Pseudolatirus concinnus X X 199 Niso tauroconica X Family Nassariidae 200 Polygireulima spina X 277 Nassarius badensis X X X X Family Aclididae 278 Nassarius basteroti X 201 Cima neglecta X 279 Nassarius bowerbanki X Family Triphoridae 280 Nassarius clathurellus X 202 Monophorus cf. perversus X 281 Nassarius cocconii X Family Cerithiopsidae 282 Nassarius collegni X X X 203 Cerithiella suprabicincta X 283 Nassarius connectens X 204 Cerithiella cf. bitorquata X 284 Nassarius cf. coppii X 205 ?Cerithiella sp. indet. X 285 Nassarius curvicostatus X 206 Cerithiopsis cf. tubercularis X 286 Nassarius depromptus X 207 Cerithiopsis bilineata X 287 Nassarius cf. diversus X X 208 Cerithiopsis pusilla X 288 Nassarius exiguus X X 209 Cerithiopsis sp. 1 X 289 Nassarius familiaris X

QSV unino wF 8 €—vi— qF

VC VS VB VA VF MC VC VS VB VA VF MC 290 Nassarius inaequalis X 369 Glabella longa X X X 291 Nassarius incertus X X X 370 Glabella taurinensis X X X X 292 Nassarius intercisus X 371 Marginella cf. marginata X 293 Nassarius perpulchrus X 372 Marginella subovulata X X X 294 Nassarius semirugosus X X 373 Persicula sabatica X 295 Nassarius serraticosta X 374 Volvarina elongata X 296 Nassarius speciosus X X 375 Volvarina parvula X 297 Nassarius subcaudatus X Family Mitridae 298 Nassarius subesulcatus X 376 Mitra absona X 299 Nassarius sublaevigatus X X X X X 377 Mitra admissa X 300 Nassarius subquadrangularis X X 378 Mitra acuta X X 301 Nassarius tessellatus X X X 379 Mitra afficta X 302 Nassarius cf. macrodon X 380 Mitra arata X 303 Nassarius striatulus X 381 Mitra cf. arata X 304 Duplicata haueri X 382 Mitra arva X 305 Duplicata ovulata X 383 Mitra biformis X X 306 Duplicata sismondai X 384 Mitra brevispira 307 Duplicata sp. X 385 Mitra cepporum X Family Melongenidae 386 Mitra cf. contorta X 308 Pugilina crassicostata X 387 Mitra cognatella X 309 Pugilina acutissima X 388 Mitra cohibita X Family Muricidae 389 Mitra compressa X X 310 Chicoreus michelotti X 390 Mitra confundenda X 311 Chicoreus striaeformis X 391 Mitra defossa X 312 Chicoreus sedgwicki X 392 Mitra dolium X 313 Hexaplex subasperrima X X X X 393 Mitra graviuscula X X X X 314 Murex aquitanicus X 394 Mitra indistinta X 315 Murex citimus X 395 Mitra intermissa X 316 Murex longus X X 396 Mitra megaspira X 317 Murex pustulatus X 397 Mitra neglecta X X 318 Murex renieri X 398 Mitra observabilis X X X 319 Murex pseudophyllopterus X 399 Mitra ponderosa X 320 Murex taurinensis X 400 Mitra proxima X 321 Coralliophila recurvicauda X 401 Mitra semiarata X X 322 Coralliophila brevispira X 402 Mitra sismondae X 323 Orania granifera X 403 Mitra subangulata X 324 Oraria intercisa X X 404 Mitra subuliformis X X 325 Haustellum partschi X X 405 Mitra subumbilicata X X X 326 Haustellum sismondai X X X X 406 Mitra suturalis X 327 Ocenebra dufrenoyi X 407 Mitra taeniolata X 328 Ocenebra lassaignei X 408 Mitra cf. turbinata X 329 Ocenebra pustulata X 409 Micromitra taurina X 330 Ocenebra cf. danconai X Family Turbinellidae 331 Purpura elongata X 410 Tudicla rusticula X X 332 Thais arata X X X Family Volutidae 333 Thais haemastomoides X X 411 Lyria magorum X X 334 Thais inaequicostata X X X 412 Lyria picturata X X X X X 335 Thais parvula X 413 Athleta ficulina X X X 336 Thais reflexa X Family Olividae 337 Thais tuberculata X X 414 Oliva bellardi X 338 Thais calcarata X 415 Oliva clavula X 339 Vitularia linguabovis X 416 Oliva picholina X X X X 340 Trophon bredai X 417 Oliva cylindracea X X X X X X 341 Typhis fistulosus X 418 Oliva ceppiensis X 342 Typhis sowerby X 419 Oliva dufresnei X X X X Family Babylonidae 420 Oliva longispira X X X X 343 Babilonia eburnoides X X X X 421 Oliva malthata X Family Costellariidae 422 Ancilla pusilla X 344 Vexillum avellanum X 423 Ancilla subcanalifera X X X 345 Vexillum turritum X 424 Ancilla obsoleta X 346 Vexillum cf. ornatum X 425 Ancilla sismondiana X X X 347 Vexillum subglobosum X 426 Ancilla sowerbyi X X 348 Vexillum analoga X 427 Ancilla suturalis X 349 Vexillum attiguum X 428 Amalda glandiformis X X X X X 350 Vexillum borsoni X 429 Amalda patula X X X 351 Vexillum canaliculatum X Family Olivellidae 352 Vexillum consanguineum X 430 Olivella longispira X 353 Vexillum cincta X 431 Olivella obliquata X X 354 Vexillum cf. cincta X 432 Olivella brevis X 355 Vexillum cf. crebricostatum X 433 Olivella clavula X X 356 Vexillum decipiens X 434 Olivella ventrosa X X X 357 Vexillum minuta X Family Conidae 358 Vexillum notabilis X 435 Conus aquensis X X X 359 Vexillum pluricostatum X 436 Conus antidiluvianus X X 360 Vexillum rectiplicata X 437 Conus antiquus X X X X X 361 Vexillum similis X 438 Conus avellana X 362 Vexillum subglobosum X 439 Conus basteroti X X X 363 Vexillum sp. 1 X 440 Conus belus X X X Family Harpidae 441 Conus cf. berghausi X X 364 Morum cytharum X X X X 442 Conus bitorosus X X X X X 365 Morum verrucosum X X 443 Conus bredai X Family Marginellidae 444 Conus brocchii X X X X X 366 Gibberulina philippi X 445 Conus canaliculatus X X X 367 Glabella borsoni X X X 446 Conus clavatulus X 368 Glabella excavata X X X 447 Conus conoponderosus X

vower to widdle wio™ene mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from the „orino rills @x‡ st—lyA QSW

VC VS VB VA VF MC VC VS VB VA VF MC 448 Conus dujardinii X X 531 Drilliola crispata X 449 Conus elongatus X X X 532 Microdrillia sp. 1 X 450 Conus gastaldii X 533 Paradrilliola bifidosa X 451 Conus gastriculus X 534 Stenodrillia bellardii X 452 Conus granulari X X Family Terebridae 453 Conus marii X X 535 Hastula subcinerea X X 454 Conus mercatii X 536 Hastula striata X 455 Conus montisclavus X X 537 Hastula cf. striata X 456 Conus mucronatolaevis X X X X 538 Terebra acuminata X X X X 457 Conus obesus X 539 Terebra neglecta X X X 458 Conus oblongoturbinatus X X X 540 Terebra subulocacellense X X 459 Conus parvecatenatus X X X X 541 Terebra subulatoidea X X X 460 Conus parvicaudatus X 542 Terebra subtessellata X X X X X 461 Conus pelagicus X X X 543 Terebra basteroti X X X X X 462 Conus ponderosulcatus X 544 Terebra hoernesi X X 463 Conus ponderosus X X X X X X 545 Terebra exbistriata X 464 Conus puschi X X 546 Terebra cf. atorquatum X 465 Conus raristriatus X 547 Terebra terebrina X 466 Conus striatulus X X 548 Subula fuscata X X X X 467 Conus taurinensis X X X 549 Subula plicaria X X X X X 468 Bathytoma cataphracta X X X X Family Turridae 469 Borsonia prima X 550 Turricula dimidiata X X 470 Clathurella detruncata X 551 Turricula lamarcki X 471 Cythara rugulosa X 552 Turricula kossuthii X X 472 Cythara subcilindrata X 553 Turris cypris X 473 Cythara longa X 554 Turris cf. cypris X 474 Mangelia sp. 1 X 555 Turris vermicularis X 475 Mangelia sp. 2 X 556 Gemmula denticula X X 476 Neogulares aff. spininiferus X 557 Gemmala desita X 477 Neogulares sp. indet. X 558 Gemmula rotata X X X 478 Raphitoma sp. indet. X 559 Gemmula spiralis X X 479 Teretia sp. 1 X 560 Gemmula stricta X X 480 Pleurotomides cf. simplex X 561 Gemmula subcoronata X X X X 481 Pleurotomides sp. 1 X 562 Surcula avia X 482 Pleurotomides sp. 2 X 563 Surcula bardini X Family Clavatulidae 564 Surcula chinensis X X 483 Clavatula asperulata X X X 565 Surcula destefanii X 484 Clavatula concatenata X X 566 Surcula diademata X 485 Clavatula consimilis X X 567 Surcula intermedia X X 486 Clavatula defrancei X 568 Surcula perlonga X 487 Clavatula excavata X 569 Surcula sismondiana X 488 Clavatula evae X 570 Surcula striatula X 489 Clavatula heros X X 571 Pleurotoma archimedis X X 490 Clavatula geniculata X 572 Pleurotoma citima X X X X 491 Clavatula gothica X X 573 Pleurotoma coronifera X 492 Clavatula nodosa X X X 574 Pleurotoma decorata X 493 Clavatula cf. pretiosa X 575 Pleurotoma denticula X 494 Clavatula semimarginata X 576 Pleurotoma flammulata X 495 Clavatula taurinensis X 577 Pleurotoma multistriata X X 496 Clavatula turriculata X X 578 Pleurotoma obsoleta X 497 Genota ramosa X X X X X X 579 Pleurotoma pinguis X X 498 Genota hirsuta X 580 Pleurotoma sororcula X X X 499 Genota laevis X X X 581 Pleurotoma stricta X 500 Pseudotoma bonellii X X 582 Pleurotoma subnuda X 501 Pseudotoma precedens X X 583 Pleurotoma trifasciata X 502 Pseudotoma striolata X 584 Roualtia bicoronata X 503 Perrona jouanneti X X 585 Crassispira semisulcata X 504 Perrona pedemontana X 586 Bela cf. vulpecula X 505 Perrona semimarginata X 587 Bela aff. scalariformis X Family Drilliidae 588 Bela sp. 1 X 506 Asthenotoma cf. mirabilis X Family Cancellariidae 507 Asthenotoma cf. festiva X 589 Bonellitia cf. bonelli X 508 Cerodrillia soror X 590 Bonellitia evulsa X X 509 Clavus pustulatus X 591 Bonellitia serrata X X 510 Clavus obtusangulus X X 592 Cancellaria contorta X X 511 Turrisclavus aff. harpula X 593 Cancellaria cf. contorta X 512 Nitidiclavus maitrejus X 594 Cancellaria dertonensis X X 513 Crassopleura sigmoidea X X 595 Gulia geslini X 514 Drillia brongniarti X 596 Narona dufourii X 515 Drillia crebricosta X X 597 Narona lyrata X X 516 Drillia fratercula X 598 Sveltia taurina X 517 Drillia michelotti X 599 Trigonostoma ampullaceum X X 518 Drillia perrara X 600 Trigonostoma michelinii X 519 Drillia raricosta X X X X X 601 Trigonostoma taurocrassa X 520 Drillia sejungenda X X 602 Trigonostoma taurolaevigata X 521 Drillia semisulcata X 603 Trigonostoma acutangula X 522 Drillia seiuncta X 604 Trigonostoma trochleare X X 523 Drillia serratula X 605 Admete dregeri X X 524 Drillia spinescens X X 606 Admete cf. dregeri X 525 Drillia sulciensis X Family Acteonidae 526 Drillia terebra X 607 Acteon pinguis X 527 Drillia unifilosa X 608 Acteon punctulatu X 528 Haedrapleura pseudosigmoidea X X 609 Acteon semistriatus X 529 Haedrapleura septangularis X 610 Acteon cf. tornantilis X 530 Haedropleura sp. 1 X 611 Crenilabrum pedemontanum X

QTH unino wF 8 €—vi— qF

VC VS VB VA VF MC VC VS VB VA VF MC Family Architectonicidae 684 Barbatia barbata X X X X 612 Architectonica caracollata X X X X 685 Barbatia candida X 613 Architectonica caracollosimplex X X 686 Barbatia clathrata X 614 Architectonica depressomonilifera X 687 Barbatia nodulosa X X X 615 Architectonica planulata X 688 Barbatia tauroclatthrata X 616 Architectonica prosemisquamosa X X Family Noetiidae 617 Architectonica cf. prosemisquamosa X 689 Striarca lactea X 618 Architectonica cf. simplex X Family Limopsidae 619 Granosolarium deshayesi X 690 Limopsis aurita X X 620 Philippia subconoidea X Family Glycymerididae 621 Heliacus albertini X 691 Glycymeris inflata X X 622 Heliacus cf. faustae X 692 Glycymeris insubrica X Family Mathildidae 693 Glycymeris pilosa X X X 623 Gagania miocenica X 694 Glycymeri gr. pilosa X X 624 Gegania sulcata X Family Mytilidae 625 Mathilda granosa X 695 Lithophaga lithophaga X 626 Mathilda praeclara X Family Malleidae 627 Mathilda sp. 1 X 696 Ostreinella neglecta X X Family Pyramidellidae Family Pinnidae 628 Menesto cf. peculiaris X 697 Pinna cf. nobilis X 629 Pyramidella grateloupi X Family Ostreidae 630 Pyramidella plicosa X 698 Cubitostrea frondosa X 631 Pyramidella aff. unisulcata X 699 Gryphaeostrea miotauriniensis X 632 Chrysallida pigmaea X 700 Lopha plicatula X X 633 Chrysallida sp. 1 X 701 Lopha proplicatula X 634 Odostomia perstricta X 702 Neopycnodonte cochlear X X 635 Odostomia sp. 1 X 703 Ostrea edulis X X 636 Odostomia sp. 2 X 704 Ostrea aff. edulis X 637 Odostomia sp. 3 X 705 Ostrea gingensis X X 638 Odostomia sp. 4 X Family Pectinidae 639 Odostomia sp. 5 X 706 Chlamys gloriamaris X X 640 Odostomia sp. 6 X 707 Chlamys harveri X 641 Syrnola subumbilicata X 708 Chlamys cf. tauroperstriata X X 642 Syrnola sp. 1 X 709 Chlamys tournali X 643 Syrnola sp. 2 X 710 Aequipecten harveri X 644 Eulimella affinis X 711 Aequipecten northamptoni X 645 Eulimella subumbilicata X 712 Aequipecten opercularis X 646 Eulimella cf. taurinensis 713 Pecten beudanti X 647 Turbonilla costellatoides X 714 Pecten burdigalensis X 648 Turbonilla cf. pseudocostellata X 715 Pecten cristatocostatus X 649 Turbonilla pusilla X 716 Pecten grayi X X 650 Turbonilla cf. pusilla X 717 Pecten cf. paulensis X 651 Turbonilla cf. rufa X Family Spondyliidae 652 Turbonilla sp. 1 X 718 Spondylus concentricus X 653 Turbonilla sp. 2 X 719 Spondylus cf. concentricus X 654 Turbonilla sp. 3 X 720 Spondylus gaederopus X X X Family Ringiculidae Family Radulidae 655 Ringicula auriculata X X X X X 721 Radula lima X X 656 Ringicula bonelli X X X X X X Family Anomidae 657 Ringicula cf. sandbergeri X 722 Anomia ephippium X X Family Hamenoeidae 723 Pododesmus aff. patelliformis X 658 Haminoea hydatis X 724 Pododesmus tauraculeatu X 659 Weinkauffia sp. indet. X Family Limidae Family Cylichnidae 725 Limea strigillata X X 660 Cylichna cylindracea X Family Lucinidae 661 Roxania burdigalensis X 726 Lucina barrandei X 662 Roxania utriculus X 727 Lucina globulosa X 663 Scaphander grateloupi X 728 Lucina michelotti X X 664 Scaphander cf. lignarius X 729 Lucina perusiana X 665 Tornantina lajonkaireana X 730 Ctena reticulata X 666 Volvulella cf. acuminata X 731 Linga agassizi X X X Family Retusidae 732 Lucinoma borealis X X 667 Pseudoavena tauroglandula X 733 Megaxinus bellardianus X X 668 Retusa elongata X X X 734 Megaxinus incrassatus X 669 Retusa testiculina X X 735 Myrtea spinifera X X Family Siphonariidae 736 Myrtea taurina X 670 Siphonaria polygona X 737 Gonimyrtea meneghini X 671 Williamia gussoni X Family Thyasiridae Class Bivalvia 738 Cryptodon flexuosus X Family Nuculidae Family Ungulinidae 672 Nucula nucleus X X X 739 Felaniella trigonula X 673 Nucula placentina X X X Family Carditidae Family Yoldiidae 740 Cardita calyculata X 674 Yoldia nitida X 741 Cardita crassa X Family Nuculanidae 742 Cardita squamulosa X 675 Nuculana commutata X X 743 Cardites antiquatus X X X Family Arcidae 744 Cardites cf. antiquatus X 676 Arca cf. biangula X X 745 Cardites edulinum X 677 Arca imbricata X X 746 Cardites pinnula X X 678 Arca noae X X 747 Cardites (?) taurelongatus X 679 Arca tauroclathrata X X 748 Glans aculeata X X X X 680 Arca tetragona X X 749 Miodontiscus scalaris X 681 Anadara fichteli X X Family Chamidae 682 Anadara diluvii X 750 Chama benoisti X 683 Andara turonensis X 751 Chama gamella X X

vower to widdle wio™ene mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from the „orino rills @x‡ st—lyA QTI

VC VS VB VA VF MC VC VS VB VA VF MC 752 Chama gryphoides X 775 “Omphaloclathrum” aglauare X 753 Pseudochama gryphina X 776 Pelecyora gigas X X Family Astartidae 777 Timoclea ovata X 754 Astarate solidula X 778 Venus cf. libellus X Family Cardiidae 779 Venus multilamella X X X 755 Cardium burdigalinum X Family Hiatellidae 756 Cardium taurinum X 780 Hiatella aff. arctica X 757 Discors discrepans X Family Corbulidae 758 Cerastoderma michelotti X X 781 Corbula carinata X X X 759 Trachycardium multicostatum X 782 Corbula cocconii X Family Mesodesmatidae 783 Corbula gibba X X 760 Ervilia castanea X X Family Teredenidae 761 Ervilia nitens X 784 Nototeredo norvegica X X X Family Glossidae Family Verticordiidae 762 Glossus cytheroides X 785 Pecchiolina argentea X X X 763 Meiocardia deshayesi X Class Scaphopoda Family Veneridae Family Dentaliidae 764 Callista italica X 786 Antalis badense X X 765 Callista aff. italica X 787 Antalis cf. badense X 766 Callista chione X X 788 Antalis bouei X X X X 767 Callista cf. chione X X 789 Antalis miocaenicum X X 768 Callista erycina X 790 Antalis miopseudoentalis X X 769 Callista erycinoides X 791 Antalis taurocostatum X 770 Callista pedemontana X X X 792 Antalis tauroperstriatum X 771 Callista taurorugosa X 793 Antalis vulgaris X X 772 Clausinella basteroti X 794 Dentalium michelotti X X 773 Clausinella fasciata X 795 Fissidentalium tauroasperum X X X X

774 Clausinella taurotrigona X 796 Fissidentalium taurostriatum X X X

„—˜F s E vower —nd widdle wio™ene mollus™ t—xonomi™ list of sele™ted fossiliferous lo™—lities of „orino rillsF †gX †—lle geppiY †ƒX †—l ƒ—nfr—ÁY

†fX †ill— fertiniY †eX †ill— ell—sonY †pX †ill— porz—noY wgX wonte dei g—ppu™™iniF

—nd the m—teri—l studied ™omes from the g—nt—mess— fonsignore et —lF @IWTWA reports th—t the —˜und—nt

™olle™tionF ––f—un— of the wonte dei g—ppu™™ini99 ™omes from —lterE

„he †ill— porz—no fossil —ssem˜l—ge is m—de up of n—ting ™l—yishsiltstoneD s—nds —nd ™onglomer—tes with—

WTV spe™imens of mediumEsize —nd l—rge mollus™s @„—˜F thi™kness of —˜out SHEVH metresD ri™h in ™eph—lopods of

sAY these in™lude WHV g—stropod spe™imens ˜elonging to the genus eturi— —nd pteropodsF st is lo™—ted —˜out SHE

IHU spe™iesD QH ˜iv—lves ˜elonging to IH spe™ies —nd Q VH meters —˜ove †ill— ell—son ± †ill— porz—no s—ndE

stoneE™onglomer—ti™ levelF €l—n™toni™ for—mifer—D with s™—phopods ˜elonging to one spe™iesF „he most spe™iesE

ri™hg—stropod f—milies —re gonid—e @IH spe™iesAD folE the —ppe—r—n™e of yr˜ulin— sutur—lis —t the lower levelD

lowed ˜y „onnid—eD fu™™inid—e —nd ylivid—e @T spe™ies d—te the out™rop to the v—te v—nghi—n @fiozone xW—AF

e—™hAD ˜y x—ti™id—eD ‚—nellid—eD p—s™i™ol—riid—e —nd „he wonte dei g—ppu™ini is now p—rt of „orino ur˜—n

wuri™id—e @S spe™ies e—™hAF —re—D —nd is —lmost ™overed ˜y ˜uildings th—t prevent the

possi˜ility of —ny field verifi™—tion of the d—t— dis™ussed „he †ill— porz—no —ssem˜l—ge is m—inly ™onstiE

tuted ˜y midE to l—rge sized spe™imensD most of whi™h hereF

„he ex—mined mollus™ spe™imens ™ome from the —re —˜sent —t †ill— ell—sonY indeedD of the IHI spe™ies of

g—stropods re™orded —t †ill— porz—noD only RI h—ve ˜een ™olle™tion of irnesto porm—D — te™hni™i—n —t the qeoE

re™orded —t †ill— ell—son —s wellF sn l—rge p—rtD this is p—l—eontologi™—l wuseum of „orino who worked with

th

™enturyD most fell—rdi —nd ƒ—™™oF et the end of the IW due to the signifi™—nt differen™e in the sizes of the fossils

of the ™olle™tionD whi™h w—s ˜eque—thed to the wuseumD found in the two —ssem˜l—gesF

˜e™—me p—rt of the fell—rdi —nd ƒ—™™o ™olle™tion —nd w—s

wonte dei g—ppu™™ini inventoried ˜y perrero wort—r— et —lF @IWVPD IWVRAF „he

m—teri—l des™ri˜ed here ™omes from — rem—ined p—rt of „he wonte dei g—ppu™™iniD lo™—ted on the northE

western slope of the „orino rillsD is PVR meters highF st the porm— ™olle™tion —dded to the fell—rdi —nd ƒ—™™o

™olle™tionD —nd w—s reEordered ˜y ‚—so @IWWUAF overlooks the right ˜—nk of the €o ‚iverD —nd st—nds

wonte dei g—ppu™™ini fossil —ssem˜l—ge is m—de —p—rt from the m—in „orino rillsF

up of PDPPU mollus™ spe™imens @„—˜F sAF ‡e revised PDIRV „he toponym ––wonte dei g—ppu™™ini99 —ppe—rs in

g—stropod spe™imens ˜elonging to IIV spe™iesD UT ˜iE fell—rdi9s @IVUPEIVWHA —nd ƒ—™™o9s @IVWHEIWHRA monoE

gr—phsD —ltern—ting with the more generi™ ––„orino v—lves ˜elonging to IR spe™iesD —nd Q s™—phopods ˜eE

longing to Q spe™iesF „he most spe™iesEri™h g—stropod rills99F eudenino @IVWUAD in his study on the wonte

f—milies —re gonid—e —nd x—ss—riid—e @IH spe™ies e—™hAD dei g—ppu™™ini pteropodsD ˜riefly des™ri˜ed the str—tiE

followed ˜y „urrid—e @W spe™iesAD x—ti™id—e @V spe™iesA gr—phi™ su™™essionD m—de up of — ™onglomer—ti™ ˜—se

—nd „urritellid—e @T spe™iesAF horizon followed ˜y greyish s—ndstone —nd pteropodE

wost signifi™—nt spe™ies —re illustr—ted in €l—tes I ri™hm—rlsF fellini @IWHSA —nd €rever @IWHUA reported —

—nd PF long list of fossils from the wonte dei g—ppu™™iniF

QTP unino wF 8 €—vi— qF

Bellardi (1882) Zunino (2007) „—˜F ss E „—xonomi™ revision of f—E

Na. arata Bellardi, 1882 Ns. aratus Bellardi, 1882 mily x—ss—riid—e in fell—rdi

Na. atlantica (Mayer in Bronn, 1860) Ns. atlanticus (Mayer in Bronn, 1860) 8 ƒ—™™o ™olle™tion —™™ordE

 a

Na. badensis (Hörnes, 1852) Ns. badensis (Hörnes, 1852) ing to unino @PHHUAF

Na. badensis (Hörnes, 1852) Ns. exiguus (Brocchi, 1814) spe™imens —˜sent in fell—rE

Na. exigua (Brocchi, 1814) Ns. exiguus (Brocchi, 1814) di 8 ƒ—™™o ™olle™tionF „he

{ Na. basteroti Michelotti Ns. basteroti Michelotti s—mples —re des™ri˜ed in

Na. bivonai Bellardi, 1882 Ns. bivonai Bellardi, 1882 their wonogr—phy ˜ut —t

Na. bowerbanki Michelotti, 1847 Ns. bowerbanki Michelotti, 1847 the moment —re not —v—ilE

8a the spe™imens —re

Na. turgidula Bellardi, 1882 Ns. bowerbanki Michelotti, 1847 —˜leY

Na. brevis Bellardi, 1882 Ns. brevis Bellardi, 1882 present only in fell—rdi 8

Na. cepporum Bellardi, 1882 Ns. cepporum Bellardi, 1882 ƒ—™™o ™olle™tion ˜ut not in

Na. angusta Bellardi, 1882 Ns. cepporum Bellardi, 1882 the new ™olle™tion ex—mE

Na. clathurella Bellardi, 1882 Ns. clathurellus Bellardi, 1882 ined in unino @PHHUAF

v—m—r™kD Na. cocconii Bellardi, 1882 Ns. cocconii Bellardi, 1882 x—Fa x—ss—

xsFa x—ss—rius huE Na. proavia Bellardi, 1882 Ns. cocconii Bellardi, 1882 IUUWY

g‰Fa gyllene Na. collegni Bellardi, 1882 Ns. collegni Bellardi, 1882 merilD IVHTY

Na. connectens Bellardi, 1882 Ns. connectens Bellardi, 1882 qr—y in qriffith8 €igeonD

gyFa gyllenin— felE { Na. coppii Bellardi, 1882 Ns. cf. coppii Bellardi, 1882 IVQRY

hoFa hors—num Na. curvicostata Bellardi, 1882 Ns. curvicostatus Bellardi, 1882 l—rdiD IVVPY Na. calcarai Bellardi, 1882 Ns. curvicostatus Bellardi, 1882 qr—yD IVRUF

Na. deprompta Bellardi, 1882 Ns. depromptus Bellardi, 1882 xF —sper—t—D

Na. exigua (Brocchi) Ns. exiguus (Brocchi) „he spe™imens D xF ˜—ldisserensisD

Na. difficilis Bellardi, 1882 Ns. difficilis Bellardi, 1882 xF —tilis D xF ™l—v—tul—D

Na. diversa Bellardi, 1882 Ns. diversus Bellardi, 1882 xF ˜rusin—e D xF ™risp—D xF

Na. sobrina Bellardi, 1882 Ns. diversus Bellardi, 1882 xF ™ogn—t— D xF imp—rD xF jeffreE

Na. familiaris (Mayer in Bellardi, 1882) Ns. familiaris (Mayer in Bellardi, 1882) fis™heri D xF p—™hyg—sterD xF o˜es—D

Na. flexicostata Bellardi, 1882 Ns. flexicostatus Bellardi, 1882 si D xF pereir—eD

Na. omissa Bellardi, 1882 Ns. flexicostatus Bellardi, 1882 xF peregrin— D xF rov—send—eD

Na. inaequalis Bellardi, 1882 Ns. inaequalis Bellardi, 1882 xF perr—r— D xF simuE

Na. incerta Bellardi, 1882 Ns. incertus Bellardi, 1882 xF semi™ostul—t— D xF su˜reti™ul—t—D xF toE

Na. pectita Bellardi, 1882 Ns. incertus Bellardi, 1882 l—ns D xF tr—™t—D xF turE

Na. intercisa (Michelotti, 1840) Ns. intercisus (Michelotti, 1840) mentos— D xF turri™ul—D xF diE

Na. cincta Bellardi, 1882 Ns. intercisus (Michelotti, 1840) ˜in—t— —re not present in the

Na. renieri Bellardi, 1882 Ns. intercisus (Michelotti, 1840) vis—

Na. magnicostata Bellardi, 1882 Ns. intercisus (Michelotti, 1840) fell—rdi 8 ƒ—™™o ™olle™tion

Na. isseli Bellardi, 1882 Ns. isseli Bellardi, 1882 —nymore —nd —re not reE Na. auingeri (Hoernes) Ns. macrodon auingeri (Hörnes & Auinger) vised in unino @PHHUAF Na. pauli Hörnes, 1875 Ns. pauli (Hörnes, 1875) Na. perpulchra Bellardi, 1882 Ns. perpulchrus Bellardi, 1882 Na. semirugosa Bellardi, 1882 Ns. semirugosus Bellardi, 1882 Na. albucianensis Bellardi Ns. semirugosus Bellardi, 1882 Na. pupoides Bellardi, 1882 Ns. semirugosus Bellardi, 1882 Na. serraticosta (Bronn, 1831) Ns. serraticosta (Bronn, 1831) Na. soror Bellardi, 1882 Ns. soror Bellardi, 1882 Na. speciosa Bellardi, 1882 Ns. speciosus Bellardi, 1882 Na. restitutensis (Fontannes, 1879) Ns. striatulus (Eichwald, 1829) { Na. subcaudata Bellardi, 1882 Ns. subcaudatus Bellardi, 1882 Na. subesulcata Bellardi, 1882 Ns. subesulcatus Bellardi, 1882 Na. sublaevigata Bellardi, 1882 Ns. sublaevigatus Bellardi, 1882 Na. taurinorum Bellardi, 1882 Ns. sublaevigatus Bellardi, 1882 Na. subquadrangularis Michelotti Ns. subquadrangularis Michelotti Na. tessellata (Michelotti, 1840) Ns. tessellatus (Michelotti, 1840) Na. tumida (Eichwald, 1830) Ns. tumidus (Eichwald, 1830) Na. woodi Bellardi, 1882 Ns. woodi Bellardi, 1882 CY. desnoyersi (Basterot) CY. desnoyersi (Basterot) Cy. pleurotomoides Bellardi, 1882 Do. pleurotomoides Bellardi, 1882 Na. veneris (Faujas, 1817) Do. veneris (Faujas, 1817) { Duplicata sp. Do. haueri (Michelotti, 1847) Du. haueri (Michelotti, 1847) Na. cyllenoides Sacco, 1890 Du. haueri (Michelotti, 1847) Cy. ovulata Bellardi, 1882 Du. ovulata Bellardi, 1882 Na. rustica Bellardi, 1882 Du. rustica Bellardi, 1882 Du. sismondai (Bellardi, 1882) Du. sismondai (Bellardi, 1882)

vower to widdle wio™ene mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from the „orino rills @x‡ st—lyA QTQ

in this ™ontext —s the referen™e d—tumF ‡ith reg—rds to his™ussion

vower wio™eneD —n —n—lysis of the num˜er of g—stropod gomp—rison —mong mollus™s —ssem˜l—ges

spe™ies sh—red ˜y —ll three lo™—lities shows — high degree yn the ˜—sis of wh—t h—s ˜een des™ri˜ed —˜oveD

of simil—rityD —round USEVH7F sndeedD of the PII spe™ies the fossiliferous lo™—lities of the „orino rills ™—n ˜e

re™orded in the †—l ƒ—nfr—Á depositsD IRU @UH7A —re ™omp—red under two different —spe™tsF yne is the str—tiE

sh—red with †—lle geppiY this is — very high degree of gr—phi™ —spe™tX —n —n—lysis of the —v—il—˜le ™—rtogr—phy

simil—rity ™onsidering th—t m—ny of †—lle geppi9s medE @pest— et —lF PHHW—A shows th—t in the †—lle geppiE†—l

iumEsm—ll sized spe™ies —re —˜sent from †—l ƒ—nfr—ÁF ƒ—nfr—Á se™tor there is — singleD thi™k lithosome of ™o—rseE

purthermoreD of the UP g—stropod spe™ies identified —t m—trix terrigenous depositsD whi™h splits into multiple

distin™t ˜odies in the westernmost qu—dr—nts of the †ill— fertiniD —s m—ny —s UH @WS7A —re sh—red with †—lle

geppiX in this ™—seD howeverD the low num˜er of spe™ies rills @†—l ƒ—li™eAF yn the other h—ndD the †ill— fertini

re™orded —t †ill— fertini —ffe™ts the ™omp—risonF deposits —pp—rently ˜elong to — s—ndstoneE™onglomer—E

ti™ ˜ody overl—ying the †—lle geppiE†—l ƒ—nfr—Á lithoE „he situ—tion ™h—nges signifi™—ntly if we ™omp—re

†—lle geppi withwiddle wio™ene lo™—litiesF „hemolE some —nd its l—ter—l equiv—lentsD —nd thus it lies —t the

lus™ —ssem˜l—ges of †ill— ell—sonE†ill— porz—no —nd topmost „ermofour—Á porm—tionF elthough it w—s posE

si˜le to d—te the peliti™ levels of †—l ƒ—nfr—Á withpl—n™E wonte dei g—ppu™™ini show lower spe™ies diversity in

—ll g—stropod f—miliesD ˜ut p—rti™ul—rly in three highly toni™ for—minifer— to the middle furdig—li—n @fiozone

thermophilous f—milies su™h —s gypreid—eD ylivid—e xU—AD ex—™tly like the †—lle geppi fossiliferous depositsD

no ˜iostr—tigr—phi™ inform—tion is —v—il—˜le for the †ill— —nd gonid—eD espe™i—lly for the upper v—nghi—n of

wonte dei g—ppu™™iniF xeverthelessD ™onsidering t—x— fertini levelsF xeverthelessD the ™onglomer—ti™ l—yer

™ont—ining the †ill— fertini fossil —ssem˜l—ge ™—n ˜e sh—red ˜y the different ory™to™enosesD VS7 of the IHV

referred to the l—te furdig—li—nD sin™e it lies just ˜elow spe™ies re™orded —t †ill— ell—son —nd UR7 of the IHI

the soE™—lled –– pper €teropod w—rls99 lithosome —sE spe™ies re™orded —t †ill— porz—no —re —lso found in

signed to the furdig—li—nEv—nghi—n tr—nsition in the litE †—lle geppiF „urning to wonte dei g—ppu™™iniD out of

er—ture @fonsignore et —lF IWTWAF „he ™hronostr—tigr—phy IPU tot—l spe™ies only TP @RW7A —re sh—red with †—lle

of the †ill— ell—sonD †ill— porz—noD —nd wonte dei g—pE geppiY in this ™—seD su™h — low v—lue is highly signifiE

pu™™ini fossil deposits is more pre™isely defined within ™—nt given th—t most of wonte dei g—ppu™ini9s g—stroE

the f—ldissero porm—tion @fonsignore et —lF IWTWAY the pods —re mediumEsm—llD —nd thus e—sily ™omp—r—˜le to

first two ™—n ˜e referred to —s e—rly v—nghi—nD —nd the those of †—lle geppiF

third to l—te v—nghi—nF sn summ—ryD there is — high degree of simil—rity

pigF P shows the str—tigr—phi™ rel—tionships ˜eE ˜etween the furdig—li—n —nd the lower v—nghi—n ory™E

tween the v—rious wio™ene lo™—litiesX the fossiliferous to™enosesD where—s simil—rity with the upper v—nghi—n

™onglomer—ti™ ˜odies —re org—nized in ™hronostr—tiE —ssem˜l—ges de™re—ses signifi™—ntlyF „hese differen™es

gr—phi™ order on the ˜—sis of d—t— extr—pol—ted from ™—n ˜e —ttri˜uted to the genesis of the fossiliferous deE

the liter—ture —nd re™ently ™olle™ted in the field @fonE posits ™re—ted ˜y inst—nt—neousD ™—t—strophi™ events

signore et —lF IWTWY unino PHHUY pest— et —lF PHHW—D su™h—s de˜risEflows —nd tur˜idity ™urrentsD whi™hm—ke

PHHW˜A —s des™ri˜ed in the pre™eding p—r—gr—phsF „he the p—leontologi™—l re™ord unique —nd ™—su—lF „hese

™omposite se™tion of pigF P shows the distri˜ution of events imply th—t the t—phogeni™ rem—ins were sele™ted

the fossil —ssem˜l—ges o˜t—ined in the —n—lyzed lo™—lE ˜—sed on sizeD morphologyD stru™ture during preE˜uri—l

itiesD from the middle furdig—li—n to the upper v—nE tr—nsport—tion —nd reEsediment—tionF purthermoreD the

ghi—nF „he rel—tive ™ontinuity of t—phonomi™ re™ord uneven degree of s—mpling of the v—rious fossiliferous

thus —ssumes — v—lid instrument for ev—lu—ting the p—E re™ordsD ™—used ˜y the different degrees of ro™k ™emenE

leo˜iologi™—l evolution of widdle wio™ene mollus™ f—uE t—tionD led to further fossil sele™tion —nd loss of inforE

n—s of the €iedmont „erti—ry f—sinF m—tion on the origin—l —ssem˜l—geF

„he se™ond —spe™t reg—rds to ™omp—rison —mong

the different fossils —ssem˜l—gesD pointing —ttention to €—l—eo˜iogeogr—phi™ ™onstr—ints

g—stropods whi™h show the highest —˜und—n™e —nd ˜ioE „—xonomi™ dis™rep—n™ies —lso —ttest ™h—nges in the

origin—l —ssem˜l—ges —s — refle™tion of the interrupted diversity —mong mollus™sF „he low homogeneity of

mollus™ —ssem˜l—ges from „orino rillsD p—rti™ul—rly m—rine ™onne™tions ˜etween wediterr—ne—n —re—s —nd

™on™erning the deposit genesisD size differen™es of fosE e—stern „ethysD d—ted to the furdig—li—nEv—nghi—n tr—nE

sition @ed—ms et —lF IWVQY r—rzh—user et —lF PHHUY weuE silsD num˜er of spe™imensD s—mplingsD do not —llow emE

ployment of —ny simil—rity index @eFgF ƒorensen sndexAF lenk—mp 8 ƒissing PHHQY ‚o˜˜— IWVTY ‚ogl 8 ƒteininger È

„he per™ent v—lues here indi™—ted for e—™h fossiliferous IWVRAF „his import—nt geologi™—l phenomenonD driven

lo™—lity just qu—ntify the weight of ™ommon spe™ies reE ˜y the ™ollision of the er—˜i—n —nd iur—si—n pl—tes in

ported to the †—lle geppi —ssem˜l—gesD th—t is reg—rded their midEe—stern se™tionD led to the definitive sep—r—E

QTR unino wF 8 €—vi— qF

tion of mollus™ ™ommunitiesD —nd the different evoluE ˜e widely —™™epted withits signifi™—nt redu™tion in the

tion of their popul—tions in the new €rotoEwediterr—E num˜er of v—lid spe™iesF

ne—n —nd sndoE€—™ifi™ ˜ioEprovin™esD —nd —lso ™—used widdle wio™ene —ssem˜l—ges in the equit—ine f—E

the differenti—tion of vower tow—rds widdle wio™ene sin h—ve fewer spe™ies @—˜out RHHAD with the dis—ppe—rE

—ssem˜l—ges in the —re— of the „orino rillsF sndeedD the —n™e of m—ny furdig—li—n gener— —nd the high spe™ies

f—ll in the num˜er of spe™ies ™ould ˜e rel—ted to the drop turnoverF ynly — few furdig—li—n t—x— ™ontinue to ˜e

in surf—™e w—ter temper—tureD from —n estim—ted PTE representedD in™luding wodulusD gypr—e™—ssisD g—ssisD

PPëg for the io™eneEyligo™ene to IVëg in the widdle „h—isD ylivell— —nd some gypr—eid—eD thus ™onfirming

wio™eneD due to the interruption of ™ir™umEequ—tori—l the turnover of —ssem˜l—ges whi™h ™h—r—™terizes the

o™e—ni™ ™ir™ul—tion @ed—ms et —lF IWVQY ferggren 8 widdle wio™ene on the „orino rills @fre˜ion IWURAF

rollister IWUUY h—voli IWVWY r—rzh—user et —lF PHHPY

€—r—tethy—n v—nghi—nX ™omp—risons ˜e™ome simE weulenk—mp 8 ƒissinghPHHQY ‚o˜˜— IWVTY ‚o gl È

pler with the g—stropod —ssem˜l—ges of the €—r—tethysD — IWWVY ‚ogl 8 ƒteininger IWVRY †—lentine IWVRAF È

p—leo˜iogeogr—phi™ unit distin™t from the „ethysD

‡estern pr—n™e furdig—li—nX —ssem˜l—ges from the whose history ˜egins —round the io™eneEyligo™ene

westernmost p—rt of the „ethys —re gener—lly r—ther limit —nd ends with the €lio™eneF st is ™h—r—™terized ˜y

homogeneousY the num˜er of spe™ies sh—red ˜y the „oE periods of tot—l or p—rti—l isol—tionD withhighdegreesof

rino rills —nd other fossiliferous sites of the s—me —ge is endemismD —nd periods of ™ommuni™—tion withtheforE

very high for the equit—ine f—sin in pr—n™e @gossm—nn e—lD sndoE€—™ifi™D —nd espe™i—lly wediterr—ne—n ˜ioEproE

8 €eyrot IWITEIWIWD IWPPEIWPRY r—rzh—user et —lF vin™es @€—pp et —lF IWURY ƒenesÏ 8 w—rines™u IWURY r—rzE

PHHPAY the num˜er of sh—red spe™ies de™re—ses —s one h—user et —lF PHHQAF „he first period of isol—tion of the

moves e—stw—rdsD where t—x— from the „ethys de™re—se €—r—tethys w—s during the yligo™eneY it ™ulmin—ted in

while sndoE€—™ifi™ t—x— in™re—se gre—tlyF et the f—mily the explosion —nd r—pid diversifi™—tion of ˜r—™kish w—ter

levelD there is — high degree of homogeneity within weE endemi™ ˜iv—lves @‚ogl IWWVY r—rzh—user et —lF PHHPAD È

longenid—eD gerithiid—eD ƒtrom˜id—eD —nd x—ti™id—eD where—s g—stropods show — redu™ed endemism with

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