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Analysis of Trans Esnps Infers Regulatory Network Architecture
Analysis of trans eSNPs infers regulatory network architecture Anat Kreimer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Anat Kreimer All rights reserved ABSTRACT Analysis of trans eSNPs infers regulatory network architecture Anat Kreimer eSNPs are genetic variants associated with transcript expression levels. The characteristics of such variants highlight their importance and present a unique opportunity for studying gene regulation. eSNPs affect most genes and their cell type specificity can shed light on different processes that are activated in each cell. They can identify functional variants by connecting SNPs that are implicated in disease to a molecular mechanism. Examining eSNPs that are associated with distal genes can provide insights regarding the inference of regulatory networks but also presents challenges due to the high statistical burden of multiple testing. Such association studies allow: simultaneous investigation of many gene expression phenotypes without assuming any prior knowledge and identification of unknown regulators of gene expression while uncovering directionality. This thesis will focus on such distal eSNPs to map regulatory interactions between different loci and expose the architecture of the regulatory network defined by such interactions. We develop novel computational approaches and apply them to genetics-genomics data in human. We go beyond pairwise interactions to define network motifs, including regulatory modules and bi-fan structures, showing them to be prevalent in real data and exposing distinct attributes of such arrangements. We project eSNP associations onto a protein-protein interaction network to expose topological properties of eSNPs and their targets and highlight different modes of distal regulation. -
Regulation of Cdc42 and Its Effectors in Epithelial Morphogenesis Franck Pichaud1,2,*, Rhian F
© 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2019) 132, jcs217869. doi:10.1242/jcs.217869 REVIEW SUBJECT COLLECTION: ADHESION Regulation of Cdc42 and its effectors in epithelial morphogenesis Franck Pichaud1,2,*, Rhian F. Walther1 and Francisca Nunes de Almeida1 ABSTRACT An overview of Cdc42 Cdc42 – a member of the small Rho GTPase family – regulates cell Cdc42 was discovered in yeast and belongs to a large family of small – polarity across organisms from yeast to humans. It is an essential (20 30 kDa) GTP-binding proteins (Adams et al., 1990; Johnson regulator of polarized morphogenesis in epithelial cells, through and Pringle, 1990). It is part of the Ras-homologous Rho subfamily coordination of apical membrane morphogenesis, lumen formation and of GTPases, of which there are 20 members in humans, including junction maturation. In parallel, work in yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans the RhoA and Rac GTPases, (Hall, 2012). Rho, Rac and Cdc42 has provided important clues as to how this molecular switch can homologues are found in all eukaryotes, except for plants, which do generate and regulate polarity through localized activation or inhibition, not have a clear homologue for Cdc42. Together, the function of and cytoskeleton regulation. Recent studies have revealed how Rho GTPases influences most, if not all, cellular processes. important and complex these regulations can be during epithelial In the early 1990s, seminal work from Alan Hall and his morphogenesis. This complexity is mirrored by the fact that Cdc42 can collaborators identified Rho, Rac and Cdc42 as main regulators of exert its function through many effector proteins. -
Seq2pathway Vignette
seq2pathway Vignette Bin Wang, Xinan Holly Yang, Arjun Kinstlick May 19, 2021 Contents 1 Abstract 1 2 Package Installation 2 3 runseq2pathway 2 4 Two main functions 3 4.1 seq2gene . .3 4.1.1 seq2gene flowchart . .3 4.1.2 runseq2gene inputs/parameters . .5 4.1.3 runseq2gene outputs . .8 4.2 gene2pathway . 10 4.2.1 gene2pathway flowchart . 11 4.2.2 gene2pathway test inputs/parameters . 11 4.2.3 gene2pathway test outputs . 12 5 Examples 13 5.1 ChIP-seq data analysis . 13 5.1.1 Map ChIP-seq enriched peaks to genes using runseq2gene .................... 13 5.1.2 Discover enriched GO terms using gene2pathway_test with gene scores . 15 5.1.3 Discover enriched GO terms using Fisher's Exact test without gene scores . 17 5.1.4 Add description for genes . 20 5.2 RNA-seq data analysis . 20 6 R environment session 23 1 Abstract Seq2pathway is a novel computational tool to analyze functional gene-sets (including signaling pathways) using variable next-generation sequencing data[1]. Integral to this tool are the \seq2gene" and \gene2pathway" components in series that infer a quantitative pathway-level profile for each sample. The seq2gene function assigns phenotype-associated significance of genomic regions to gene-level scores, where the significance could be p-values of SNPs or point mutations, protein-binding affinity, or transcriptional expression level. The seq2gene function has the feasibility to assign non-exon regions to a range of neighboring genes besides the nearest one, thus facilitating the study of functional non-coding elements[2]. Then the gene2pathway summarizes gene-level measurements to pathway-level scores, comparing the quantity of significance for gene members within a pathway with those outside a pathway. -
Coupling of Spliceosome Complexity to Intron Diversity
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.19.436190; this version posted March 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Coupling of spliceosome complexity to intron diversity Jade Sales-Lee1, Daniela S. Perry1, Bradley A. Bowser2, Jolene K. Diedrich3, Beiduo Rao1, Irene Beusch1, John R. Yates III3, Scott W. Roy4,6, and Hiten D. Madhani1,6,7 1Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California – San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94158 2Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of California - Merced Merced, CA 95343 3Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 4Dept. of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA 94132 5Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA 94158 6Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] 7Lead Contact 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.19.436190; this version posted March 20, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. SUMMARY We determined that over 40 spliceosomal proteins are conserved between many fungal species and humans but were lost during the evolution of S. cerevisiae, an intron-poor yeast with unusually rigid splicing signals. We analyzed null mutations in a subset of these factors, most of which had not been investigated previously, in the intron-rich yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. -
List of Genes Associated with Sudden Cardiac Death (Scdgseta) Gene
List of genes associated with sudden cardiac death (SCDgseta) mRNA expression in normal human heart Entrez_I Gene symbol Gene name Uniprot ID Uniprot name fromb D GTEx BioGPS SAGE c d e ATP-binding cassette subfamily B ABCB1 P08183 MDR1_HUMAN 5243 √ √ member 1 ATP-binding cassette subfamily C ABCC9 O60706 ABCC9_HUMAN 10060 √ √ member 9 ACE Angiotensin I–converting enzyme P12821 ACE_HUMAN 1636 √ √ ACE2 Angiotensin I–converting enzyme 2 Q9BYF1 ACE2_HUMAN 59272 √ √ Acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright ACHE P22303 ACES_HUMAN 43 √ √ blood group) ACTC1 Actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 P68032 ACTC_HUMAN 70 √ √ ACTN2 Actinin alpha 2 P35609 ACTN2_HUMAN 88 √ √ √ ACTN4 Actinin alpha 4 O43707 ACTN4_HUMAN 81 √ √ √ ADRA2B Adrenoceptor alpha 2B P18089 ADA2B_HUMAN 151 √ √ AGT Angiotensinogen P01019 ANGT_HUMAN 183 √ √ √ AGTR1 Angiotensin II receptor type 1 P30556 AGTR1_HUMAN 185 √ √ AGTR2 Angiotensin II receptor type 2 P50052 AGTR2_HUMAN 186 √ √ AKAP9 A-kinase anchoring protein 9 Q99996 AKAP9_HUMAN 10142 √ √ √ ANK2/ANKB/ANKYRI Ankyrin 2 Q01484 ANK2_HUMAN 287 √ √ √ N B ANKRD1 Ankyrin repeat domain 1 Q15327 ANKR1_HUMAN 27063 √ √ √ ANKRD9 Ankyrin repeat domain 9 Q96BM1 ANKR9_HUMAN 122416 √ √ ARHGAP24 Rho GTPase–activating protein 24 Q8N264 RHG24_HUMAN 83478 √ √ ATPase Na+/K+–transporting ATP1B1 P05026 AT1B1_HUMAN 481 √ √ √ subunit beta 1 ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic ATP2A2 P16615 AT2A2_HUMAN 488 √ √ √ reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2 AZIN1 Antizyme inhibitor 1 O14977 AZIN1_HUMAN 51582 √ √ √ UDP-GlcNAc: betaGal B3GNT7 beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransfe Q8NFL0 -
A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of Β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Page 1 of 781 Diabetes A Computational Approach for Defining a Signature of β-Cell Golgi Stress in Diabetes Mellitus Robert N. Bone1,6,7, Olufunmilola Oyebamiji2, Sayali Talware2, Sharmila Selvaraj2, Preethi Krishnan3,6, Farooq Syed1,6,7, Huanmei Wu2, Carmella Evans-Molina 1,3,4,5,6,7,8* Departments of 1Pediatrics, 3Medicine, 4Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, 5Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the 6Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, and the 7Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; 2Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202; 8Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202. *Corresponding Author(s): Carmella Evans-Molina, MD, PhD ([email protected]) Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2031A, Indianapolis, IN 46202, Telephone: (317) 274-4145, Fax (317) 274-4107 Running Title: Golgi Stress Response in Diabetes Word Count: 4358 Number of Figures: 6 Keywords: Golgi apparatus stress, Islets, β cell, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes 1 Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online August 20, 2020 Diabetes Page 2 of 781 ABSTRACT The Golgi apparatus (GA) is an important site of insulin processing and granule maturation, but whether GA organelle dysfunction and GA stress are present in the diabetic β-cell has not been tested. We utilized an informatics-based approach to develop a transcriptional signature of β-cell GA stress using existing RNA sequencing and microarray datasets generated using human islets from donors with diabetes and islets where type 1(T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) had been modeled ex vivo. To narrow our results to GA-specific genes, we applied a filter set of 1,030 genes accepted as GA associated. -
Targeting Ion Channels in Cancer: a Novel Frontier in Antineoplastic Therapy A
66 Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2009, 16, 66-93 Targeting Ion Channels in Cancer: A Novel Frontier in Antineoplastic Therapy A. Arcangeli*,1, O. Crociani1, E. Lastraioli1, A. Masi1, S. Pillozzi1 and A. Becchetti2 1Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Firenze, Italy; 2Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy Abstract: Targeted therapy is considerably changing the treatment and prognosis of cancer. Progressive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the establishment and progression of different tumors is leading to ever more spe- cific and efficacious pharmacological approaches. In this picture, ion channels represent an unexpected, but very promising, player. The expression and activity of different channel types mark and regulate specific stages of cancer progression. Their contribution to the neoplastic phenotype ranges from control of cell proliferation and apoptosis, to regulation of invasiveness and metastatic spread. As is being in- creasingly recognized, some of these roles can be attributed to signaling mechanisms independent of ion flow. Evidence is particularly extensive for K+ channels. Their expression is altered in many primary human cancers, especially in early stages, and they frequently exert pleiotropic effects on the neoplastic cell physiology. For instance, by regulating membrane potential they can control Ca2+ fluxes and thus the cell cycle machinery. Their effects on mitosis can also de- pend on regulation of cell volume, usually in cooperation with chloride channels. However, ion channels are also impli- cated in late neoplastic stages, by stimulating angiogenesis, mediating the cell-matrix interaction and regulating cell motil- ity. Not surprisingly, the mechanisms of these effects are manifold. -
Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of the Response of Apple
Physiologia Plantarum 133: 298–317. 2008 Copyright ª Physiologia Plantarum 2008, ISSN 0031-9317 Expressed sequence tag analysis of the response of apple (Malus x domestica ‘Royal Gala’) to low temperature and water deficit Michael Wisniewskia,*, Carole Bassetta,*, John Norellia, Dumitru Macarisina, Timothy Artlipa, Ksenija Gasicb and Schuyler Korbanb aUnited States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA bDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 310 ERML, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Correspondence Leaf, bark, xylem and root tissues were used to make nine cDNA libraries from *Corresponding author, non-stressed (control) ‘Royal Gala’ apple trees, and from ‘Royal Gala’ trees e-mail: [email protected]; exposed to either low temperature (5°C for 24 h) or water deficit (45% of [email protected] saturated pot mass for 2 weeks). Over 22 600 clones from the nine libraries # Received 26 September 2007; revised 3 were subjected to 5 single-pass sequencing, clustered and annotated using January 2008 BLASTX. The number of clusters in the libraries ranged from 170 to 1430. Regarding annotation of the sequences, BLASTX analysis indicated that within doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01063.x the libraries 65–72% of the clones had a high similarity to known function genes, 6–15% had no functional assignment and 15–26% were completely novel. The expressed sequence tags were combined into three classes (control, low-temperature and water deficit) and the annotated genes in each class were placed into 1 of 10 different functional categories. -
Transcriptomic Analysis of Native Versus Cultured Human and Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia Focused on Pharmacological Targets Short
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/766865; this version posted September 12, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. Transcriptomic analysis of native versus cultured human and mouse dorsal root ganglia focused on pharmacological targets Short title: Comparative transcriptomics of acutely dissected versus cultured DRGs Andi Wangzhou1, Lisa A. McIlvried2, Candler Paige1, Paulino Barragan-Iglesias1, Carolyn A. Guzman1, Gregory Dussor1, Pradipta R. Ray1,#, Robert W. Gereau IV2, # and Theodore J. Price1, # 1The University of Texas at Dallas, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, 800 W Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA 2Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine # corresponding authors [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected] Funding: NIH grants T32DA007261 (LM); NS065926 and NS102161 (TJP); NS106953 and NS042595 (RWG). The authors declare no conflicts of interest Author Contributions Conceived of the Project: PRR, RWG IV and TJP Performed Experiments: AW, LAM, CP, PB-I Supervised Experiments: GD, RWG IV, TJP Analyzed Data: AW, LAM, CP, CAG, PRR Supervised Bioinformatics Analysis: PRR Drew Figures: AW, PRR Wrote and Edited Manuscript: AW, LAM, CP, GD, PRR, RWG IV, TJP All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/766865; this version posted September 12, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
The Capacity of Long-Term in Vitro Proliferation of Acute Myeloid
The Capacity of Long-Term in Vitro Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Supported Only by Exogenous Cytokines Is Associated with a Patient Subset with Adverse Outcome Annette K. Brenner, Elise Aasebø, Maria Hernandez-Valladares, Frode Selheim, Frode Berven, Ida-Sofie Grønningsæter, Sushma Bartaula-Brevik and Øystein Bruserud Supplementary Material S2 of S31 Table S1. Detailed information about the 68 AML patients included in the study. # of blasts Viability Proliferation Cytokine Viable cells Change in ID Gender Age Etiology FAB Cytogenetics Mutations CD34 Colonies (109/L) (%) 48 h (cpm) secretion (106) 5 weeks phenotype 1 M 42 de novo 241 M2 normal Flt3 pos 31.0 3848 low 0.24 7 yes 2 M 82 MF 12.4 M2 t(9;22) wt pos 81.6 74,686 low 1.43 969 yes 3 F 49 CML/relapse 149 M2 complex n.d. pos 26.2 3472 low 0.08 n.d. no 4 M 33 de novo 62.0 M2 normal wt pos 67.5 6206 low 0.08 6.5 no 5 M 71 relapse 91.0 M4 normal NPM1 pos 63.5 21,331 low 0.17 n.d. yes 6 M 83 de novo 109 M1 n.d. wt pos 19.1 8764 low 1.65 693 no 7 F 77 MDS 26.4 M1 normal wt pos 89.4 53,799 high 3.43 2746 no 8 M 46 de novo 26.9 M1 normal NPM1 n.d. n.d. 3472 low 1.56 n.d. no 9 M 68 MF 50.8 M4 normal D835 pos 69.4 1640 low 0.08 n.d. -
The Borg Family of Cdc42 Effector Proteins Cdc42ep1–5
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institute of Cancer Research Repository Biochemical Society Transactions (2016) 0 1–8 DOI: 10.1042/BST20160219 1 2 The Borg family of Cdc42 effector proteins 3 4 Cdc42EP1–5 5 6 Aaron J. Farrugia and Fernando Calvo 7 8 Tumour Microenvironment Team, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW2 6JB, U.K. 9 Correspondence: Fernando Calvo ([email protected]) 10 11 12 13 Despite being discovered more than 15 years ago, the Borg (binder of Rho GTPases) 14 – family of Cdc42 effector proteins (Cdc42EP1 5) remains largely uncharacterised and rela- 15 tively little is known about their structure, regulation and role in development and disease. 16 Recent studies are starting to unravel some of the key functional and mechanistic 17 aspects of the Borg proteins, including their role in cytoskeletal remodelling and signal- 18 ling. In addition, the participation of Borg proteins in important cellular processes such as 19 cell shape, directed migration and differentiation is slowly emerging, directly linking Borgs 20 with important physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, neuro- 21 fi transmission and cancer-associated desmoplasia. Here, we review some of these nd- 22 ings and discuss future prospects. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Introduction 30 The Rho GTPase family member Cdc42 regulates a diverse range of cellular functions including cyto- 31 kinesis, cytoskeletal remodelling and cell polarity [1,2]. Like other Rho family members, Cdc42 cycles 32 between two tightly regulated conformational states, a GTP-bound active state and a GDP-bound 33 inactive state [3]. -
Essential Genes and Their Role in Autism Spectrum Disorder
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 Essential Genes And Their Role In Autism Spectrum Disorder Xiao Ji University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Bioinformatics Commons, and the Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Ji, Xiao, "Essential Genes And Their Role In Autism Spectrum Disorder" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2369. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2369 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2369 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Essential Genes And Their Role In Autism Spectrum Disorder Abstract Essential genes (EGs) play central roles in fundamental cellular processes and are required for the survival of an organism. EGs are enriched for human disease genes and are under strong purifying selection. This intolerance to deleterious mutations, commonly observed haploinsufficiency and the importance of EGs in pre- and postnatal development suggests a possible cumulative effect of deleterious variants in EGs on complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous, highly heritable neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impaired social interaction, communication and repetitive behavior. More and more genetic evidence points to a polygenic model of ASD and it is estimated that hundreds of genes contribute to ASD. The central question addressed in this dissertation is whether genes with a strong effect on survival and fitness (i.e. EGs) play a specific oler in ASD risk. I compiled a comprehensive catalog of 3,915 mammalian EGs by combining human orthologs of lethal genes in knockout mice and genes responsible for cell-based essentiality.