7 Gunnar Birkerts: Preface Columbus, Indiana 220 - Anchorage Library, An­ 8 Sven Birkerts: Modernism and timeless form chorage, Alaska 226 - History Center, St. Paul, Minnesota 230 - Schembechler Hall, 28 Expressive minimalism University of , Ann Arbor, Michigan 232 - Cultural center in Leopoldville, Belgian Con­ Papal altar and furniture, Pontiac Superdome, go 30 - Technical University, Ankara, Turkey 34 - Pontiac, Michigan 238 - United States Embassy Schwartz Summer Residence, Northville, Michi­ office building, Caracas, Venezuela 240 - Kemper gan 36 - University Reformed Church, Ann Arbor, Museum of Contemporary Art and Design, Kan­ Michigan 38 - Lincoln Elementary School, Colum­ sas City, Missouri 242 - Marge Monaghan House, bus, Indiana 42 - Duluth Public Library, Duluth, Drummond Island, Michigan 248 - Grasis Resi­ Minnesota 48 - IBM Corporate Computer Center, dence, Vail, Colorado 250 - Latvian National Li­ Sterling Forest, New York 52 - Contemporary Arts brary, , 254 Museum , Houston, Texas 56 - Ford Visi­ tors Reception Center, Dearborn, Michigan 60 - 260 Late Modernism Municipal Fire Station, Corning, New York 62 - Domino's Pizza, Inc., corporate headquarters, Calvary Baptist Church, , Michigan 66 - Ann Arbor, Michigan 262 - Domino's special pro­ IBM office building, Southfield, Michigan 70 jects, interior design and fittings 266 - Domino's Tower, Ann Arbor, Michigan 268 - Cellular com­ 74 Modernism in context munications tower, Domino's Farms, Ann Arbor, 1300 Lafayette East Apartments, Detroit, Michi­ Michigan 270 - Oberlin College Conservatory of gan 76 - Lillibridge Elementary School, Detroit, Music Library addition, Oberlin, Ohio 272 - Church Michigan 78 - Marathon Oil office building, De­ of the Servant, Kentwood, Michigan 278 - Law troit, Michigan 82 - Detroit Institute of the Arts, School expansion, Ohio State University, Colum­ master plan and South Wing addition, Detroit, bus, Ohio 284 - Juma Al-Majid Center for Culture Michigan 84 - Travis Residence, Franklin, Michi­ and Heritage, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 290 - gan 88 - Fisher Administrative Center, University Central Market restoration and expansion, Riga, of Detroit, Detroit, Michigan 92 - Bald Mountain Latvia 292 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library, recreation facility, Lake Orion, Michigan 96 - Free­ San Jose, California 294 - Kellogg Library, Cali­ man Residence, Grand Rapids, Michigan 100 - fornia State University San Marcos, San Marcos, Massey Ferguson North American Operations Of­ California 302 - Cathedral of the Most Blessed fices, Des Moines, Iowa 102 - Ford Pavilion, Hem- Sacrament renovations, Detroit, Michigan 304 - isfair '68, , Texas 104 - Federal Re­ The Museum of the Occupation of Latvia, Riga, serve Bank, , Minnesota 106 - Dance Latvia 308 instructional facility, State University of New York, Purchase 110 - Bardha Residence, Birmingham, 313 Notes Michigan 116 316 Biography

122 The underground and overground buildings 320 Photo credits Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Mississippi 124 - Vocational Technical Institute, campus master plan 130 - City Hall, Amsterdam, The 134 - Corning Public Library, Corn­ ing, New York 136 - General Motors dual-mode transportation study 138 - Subterranean urban- systems study 140 - Law Library addition, Univer­ sity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 142 - Min­ nesota State Capitol expansion, St. Paul, Minne­ sota 148 - Uris Library addition, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 152 - Holtzman & Silverman of­ fice building, Southfield, Michigan 156 - Marriot Library addition, , , Utah 160 - Library addition, University of Califor­ nia, 164

168 The Italian years Novoli I: multi-use center, , Italy 170 - Sports and civic stadium, Venice, Italy 174 - Tori­ no I: multi-use center, , Italy 178 - Torino II: humanities faculty building, University of Torino, Turin, Italy 182 - Novoli II: multi-use center, Flo­ rence, Italy 186

192 Expressive Modernism People's Federal Savings and Loan, branch of­ fice, Royal Oak, Michigan 194 - Corning Public Library II, Corning, New York 198 - United States Embassy office building, , Finland 200 - Museum of Glass, Corning, New York 204 - Col­ lege of Law, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 212 - Ferguson Residence (Villa Ginny), Kalama­ zoo, Michigan 218 - St. Peter's Lutheran Church,

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